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Foundation Types
Shallow Foundations
Annular Rings and Mats Deep Foundations Driven or Drilled Piles
Performance Issues
Support Live and Dead Loads Control Settlement
Initial, Long term, & Differential
GeotechnicalInvestigation
.andwecansave700lirabynot doingasoilsinvestigation.
GeotechnicalEngineer
ComprehensiveInvestigation
RegionalInformation Publishedwork RemoteSensing AerialorSatellite Geophysics Seismic,Electromagnetic FieldTests ConePenetrometer,Drilling LaboratoryTests
SoilsPropertiesNecessary
ArealandVerticalDistributionofSoilUnits ThicknessofindividualSoilUnits UnitSoilProperties
Compressibility Initialandlongterm ShearStrength Shearmodulus ThermalandElectricalConductivity Drainageproperties
BasicInformation
StructuralEngineertoGeotechnicalEngineer TankandFoundationConfiguration GravityLoads,Wind&Seismicforces TensionUpliftForces PermissibleSettlementLimits TypesofFoundationstobeconsidered
Boreholes&ConePentrometers
OneatCenter&ThreeonPerimeter Greaterthan100ft,oneadditionalforeach 10,000sqftoftankarea. Depthtobelowsignificantinfluence<10%or tocompetentstratum PushCPTstorefusal(25ton) Centerto1.5D,perimeterto0.85Dmin.
EarthquakeGeotechnics
SiteSpecificSeismicHazardAssessment
GroundAccelerations,Velocities,&Displacements Usedtocalculateseismicresponseofstructure SoilStructureInteraction(NotonSiteClassA&B) SoilLiquefactionandSpreading(SSE&OBE) Mitigationmethodsandpotential
ShallowFoundationDesign
AllowableBearingPressure(lesserof)
PermissibleTotal&DifferentialSettlement UltimateBearingPressure/Min.FactorofSafety MinimumFactorofSafety Table10.1 EdgeshearandBaseshear
Overturning&Anchorage SlidingResistanceMin.FactorofSafety
1.5forWind&OBE 1.2SSE
SETTLEMENT
Uniformpermittedifstructureaccommodates DifferentialorUniform(Planar)tiltinglimited to1/500 Dishingonradiallines(max.3/81/300) Footingaroundperimeterlesserof
1/500ormaximumcalculatedforuniformtilting
Consideradjacenttanks,soilstiffness,etc.
DeepFoundations
Numerousindividualcomponentsadditive Driven&CastInPlacePiles PileSelectionStudy(Availability&COST) PileTestingProgram(EarliertheBetter) PileDrivingEffects Settlement DownDrag&NegativeSkin Friction
DeepFoundationDesign
AllowablePileCapacity(lesserof)
PermissibleTotal&DifferentialSettlement UltimatePileCapacity/Min.FactorofSafety MinimumFactorofSafety Table10.2 StructuralStrengthofPile
Overturning&Uplift LateralLoadResistance
GroundImprovement
Removeandreplacew/bettermaterial Soildensityimprovement Vibratingpiledriverspud(Vibrocompaction) Dynamiccompaction(40to100tonweightdrop) Wickdrainstoenhancesettlement Preloadwithexcessoverburden(20+meters) Deepsoilmixingw/cementetc.
FoundationDetails
Groundwater bottomoftankalwaysabove Drainage awayfromtanktosump Foundationheating controlfrostheave
Heatingcables Ventilatedfoundation(airgap) Welldrainedgranularsoilwithdeepwatertable
FoundationMonitoring
Settlement
Min.8permanentsurveypoints(divisibleby4) Spacednomorethan33ftaroundperimeter
MonitoringFrequency
Settlement duringconstruction, hydrotesting,commissioningandannually Inclinometers withinaweekofsettlement Thermal cooldown,inservice commissioningandatleastweekly Seismic continuousw/regularmaintenance Corrosion twiceayear
Inspection&Testing
Codeprovidesforminimumrequirementsfor testingofmaterialsandinstallation Codealsoprovidesforminimumqualifications ofwelders,inspectorsandtechnicians Codeprovidesforminimumdocumentationto beretainedandfurnishedtotheowner
Communication&Cooperation
Questions?
FinalThoughts
DirtAint Cheap!!
MotherEarthisverytricky!! Likesurgeons,Geotechs burytheirmistakes andyoustillowethebill. Themoreyouknow,thelowerthesafety factorrequired! Thesooneryouknowit,thelessitcosts