The Simple Present tense

Negative form
The structure of the negative structure is formed by adding the auxiliaries do or does plus the negation not Do + not > dont Does + not > doesnt These auxiliaries are used TO HELP you. When you use the auxiliary the verb is always in its simple. Remember: In positive we had 2 conjugations for every verb (not to be) - play/plays , work/works, study/studies, watch/watches, etc The conjugation is simple: HE / SHE / IT - with the s form and I / WE / YOU / THEY - simple form Examples: My brother works for IBM. My parents live in Paris. IN THE NEGATIVE FORM THE AUXILIARY CHANGES FORM AND NOT THE VERB. He / she / it + doesnt + verb (simple form) I / We / You / They + dont + verb (simple form) Figura #1:

Question form
The question structure is formed by following the following structure Question word + [do / does + SUBJECT + Verb (simple form)] + Complement We use the auxiliaries do and does in the question form and they have to agree with the subject The conjugation is the following:

Does > he/she/it Do -> I/we/you/they The verb ALWAYS stays in the simple form (not with the s form)

Short Answers
Las respuestas cortas son con los auxiliares do y does con la forma positiva y dont y doesnt con la forma negativa. La respuesta corta se refiere a cuando responde solo si o no. Do you study English for free in Ingles Total? -> Yes, I do Yes, (I, you, we, you, they) do. No, ( (I, you, we, you, they) dont. Yes, (he, she,it does)- No, (he, she, it )doesnt

Lets Practice

Conclusion:
The auxiliaries appear in the negative and question form with the verbs that are not to be. Example: (+) Juan plays soccer. (-) He doesnt play soccer. (?) Does he play soccer? *VERB TO BE (NO AUXILIARIES!!!) (+) She is a teacher (-) She isnt a teacher. (?) Is she a teacher?

Homework
I) Cambie las oraciones de forma positiva a forma negativa

II) Escriba la forma de preguntas de las siguientes oraciones

III) Llene los espacios vacos con la forma correcta de los auxiliares.

Should and Shouldn't - Use

We use should and shouldn't to give advice or to talk about what we think is right or wrong. You should means something like I think it is a good idea for you to do it. You shouldn't means something like I think it is a bad idea for you to do it. Should is used to express the opinion of a speaker and often follows I think or I don't think.

Examples You look tired. I think you should take a few days off. Alice works very long hours. She should to talk to her boss. - I have an English test tomorrow. - I shouldn't worry if I were you. You have worked really hard. - I never have enough money. - I don't think you should go out so much. Should - Quick Grammar Note To give advice to someone you can also say: I should do it if I were you. I shouldn't be so rude, if I were you.

When you regret not doing something in the past, you can say: I shouldn't have spoken to him like that.

I should have apologized earlier.

Should is a modal verb like can or must. POSITIVES You should take it easy. She should go to bed early. We should go somewhere exciting for our holiday. NEGATIVES You shouldn't get angry. He shouldn't work so much. I shouldn't do it if I were you. QUESTIONS Should we tell her the truth? What should I do? Shouldn't we try to finish it now?

Should or Shouldn't - Practice

Exercise. Chose should or shouldn't. 1. You
shouldn't

be so selfish.
should

2. I don't think you 3. You

should

smoke so much.

exercise more.
should

4. I think you

try to speak to her.

should

5. You are overweight. You 6. Where 7. You

should

go on a diet.

we park our car? never speak to your mother like this. spend so much time in front of the TV.

should

8. The kids 9.
Should

shouldn't

I tell her the truth or should I say nothing?

should

10. I think we

reserve our holiday in advance.

3.- Adjetivos cortos y largos y sus respectivas formas de compararlos (forma igualativa, comparativa y superlativa).

List of Comparatives and Superlatives Adjetivo angry bad big bitter black bland cold cool crazy Comparativo angrier worse bigger bitterer blacker blander colder cooler crazier Superlativo angriest worst biggest bitterest blackest blandest coldest coolest craziest Espaol enfadado, enojado malo grande amargo, resentido, agrio negro soso fro fresco loco

Al igual que en espaol, en ingls cuando queremos comparar dos cosas utilizamos los adjetivos y sus distintos grados: positivo, comparativo y superlativo. - El grado positivo refiere la forma ms simple: A sunny day / Un da soleado - El grado comparativo refiere una cualidad mayor de una cosa respecto de otra. A better day / Un da mejor - El grado superlativo refiere la cualidad en su mayor expresin: Today is the best day of the year / Hoy es el mejor da del ao CLASES DE COMPARACIN

-COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDAD

Se forma con el adjetivo intercalado entre la construccin " as...as" (tan...como) para frases afirmativas e interrogativas y "not as...as" o "not so...as" para las frases negativas. I'm as young as you / soy tan joven como t am I as young as you? / soy tan joven como t? I'm not so young as you / no soy tan joven como t Podemos emplear tras el segundo 'as' el pronombre en caso nominativo o acusativo (He, his; She, her...) He is as young as she; He is as young as her / l es tan joven como ella Si se trata de una comparacin entre dos verbos, podemos usar la expresin "as much as" (tanto como) tambin en forma negativa She does not work as much as she should / Ella no trabaja tanto como debera Cuando la comparacin se hace entre dos sustantivos se utiliza "as much as" para el singular y "as many as" para el plural. I have as much work as my boss / Tengo tanto trabajo como mi jefe I have as many pencils as you / Tengo tantos lpices como t Si estamos comparando dos sustantivos contables (libros, coches, casas...) utilizaremos "as many... as", pero si estamos comparando dos sustantivos incontables (madera, tiempo, msica...) usaremos la construccin "as much...as". We have as many books as them / Tenemos tantos libros como ellos We have as much space as them / Tenemos tanto espacio como ellos

- COMPARATIVO DE INFERIORIDAD

Se forma con el adjetivo intercalado entre la construccin "less...than" (menos...que), aunque es ms usual encontrar la comparacin de igualdad en forma negativa (que tiene el mismo significado). He's less young than you / l es menos joven que t He's not as young as you / l no es tan joven como t (ms usual) Normalmente se emplea less para incontables y fewer para contables

- COMPARATIVO DE SUPERIORIDAD

Se forma de dos modos: Aadiendo al adjetivo el sufijo -er para el comparativo de superioridad y -est para el superlativo. = + er + est

big (grande)

bigger (ms grande)

biggest (el ms grande)

Anteponiendo la palabra more (ms) para el comparativo de superioridad y "the most" para el superlativo intelligent / inteligente more intelligent / ms inteligente the most intelligent / el ms inteligente Los adjetivos de una sola slaba forman el comparativo y el superlativo con -er y -est old, older, the oldest / viejo new, newer, the newest / nuevo dark, darker, the darkest / oscuro Los de dos slabas que terminan en er, y, le y ow y los que tienen el acento (prosdico) en la ltima slaba forman tambin el comparativo y el superlativo con -er y -est

clever, cleverer, the cleverest / listo idle, idler, the idlest / perezoso happy, happier, the happiest / feliz narrow, narrower, the narrowest / estrecho El resto de adjetivos de dos slabas y todos los de tres o ms forman el comparativo con more y el superlativo con most. interesting, more interesting, the most interesting / interesante COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS IRREGULARES Algunos adjetivos forman el comparativo de manera irregular good, better, the best / bueno, mejor, el mejor bad, worse, the worst / malo, peor, el peor far, further, the furthest / lejano, ms lejano, el ms lejano CONSIDERACIONES - Cuando un adjetivo termina en e solamente aade -r y -st para el comparativo y superlativo. large, larger, the largest / grande, ms grande, el ms grande - Cuando terminan en consonante + y cambian la y por i easy, easier, the easiest / fcil - Si termina en una sola consonante prededida de una sola vocal, duplica la consonante big, bigger, the biggest / grande - El segundo trmino de la comparacin utiliza la forma than que corresponde al que espaol. He is taller than his brother / l es ms alto que su hermano - Cuando la comparacin se realiza entre dos adjetivos se usa more. She is more funny than happy / Ella es ms alegre que feliz - La expresin espaola "cada vez ms" equivale en ingls a los dos comparativos del adjetivo. The film is becoming more and more interesting / La pelcula se vuelve cada vez ms interesante

Escribe el comparativo: Ej. small - smaller 1. good 2. intelligent 3. old

- Completa las frases usando un comparativo. Ej. My flat isnt very big.- I want a bigger flat. 1. My motorbike isnt very fast. Id like 2. My husband isnt very rich. I need 3. Your computer is getting old now. You need . . .

4. dark 5. bad 6. large 7. narrow 8. new 9. easy 10. funny

4. His camera isnt very good. He needs 5. It isnt very hot today. It was 6. Im not very interested in football. Im

. yesterday. in tennis.

- Escribe frases que signifiquen lo mismo usando asas. Ej. A Porsche is faster than a Skoda. A Skoda isnt as fast as a Porsche.

1. Football is more popular than cricket in Spain. Cricket isnt

2. I work harder than you. 3. My cars newer than yours. 4. His watch is more expensive than hers. 5. Your flats nicer than ours. 6. Paris is colder than Casablanca.

- Completa las frases con un superlativo. Ej. Hes a very good footballer. Hes the best footballer in Europe at the moment. 1. Shes a pretty girl. Shes girl in my class. .

2. There are many exciting cities in North America, but I think New York is 3. August is a hot month in Spain. Its usually 5. Its such an expensive restaurant. I think its the 6. Its a very interesting book. Its one of the month of the year. day of my life. restaurant in Madrid. books Ive ever read.

4. I was so happy when I got married. My wedding day was

4.- Tiempo pasado simple en sus 3 formas: afirmativa, negativa (uso de didt) e interrogativo (uso del auxiliar did).

Pasado Simple (Simple Past Tense)

El Pasado Simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir acciones que han sucedido en un tiempo anterior y que ya han finalizado, por ejemplo: She cleaned her house. Ella limpi su casa. I broke the window. Yo romp la ventana. Aqu vemos su conjugacin que en el espaol equivale al Pretrito Indefinido. Observa que la estructura de la oracin es similar a la del Presente Simple:

Tanto en la forma interrogativa como en negativa se utiliza como auxiliar DID que es la forma pasada del verbo TO DO y acompaa al verbo principal en su forma infinitiva. En las negaciones puede utilizarse la forma contrada de DID NOT o sea DIDNT. En el cuadro superior se emplea el verbo To Play (Jugar) a modo de ejemplo. Al expresar una oracin en Pasado Simple se entiende que la accin no guarda relacin con el presente, como vemos en los siguientes casos: He lost the keys. l perdi las llaves. (Puede que en el presente las haya encontrado).She lent me a book. Ella me prest un libro. (Puede que ya se lo haya devuelto). Tambin es posible indicar el momento en que se desarrolla la accin para indicar el tiempo con mayor precisin: They saw the movie last night. Ellos vieron la pelcula anoche. We went to London yesterday. Nosotros fuimos a Londres ayer.
Verbos Regulares En el siguiente cuadro te ofrecemos algunos de los verbos regulares del idioma ingls ms utilizados con su conjugacin en Pasado Simple que como ya hemos explicado se forma aadindole la terminacin ED al infinitivo.

Verbos Irregulares En el siguiente cuadro les ofrecemos algunos de los verbos irregulares del idioma ingls utilizados con ms frecuencia. Se denominan irregulares porque no siguen una regla determinada para construir su pasado por lo que deben estudiarse de memoria. Veremos que en la columna central se encuentra el infinitivo y el presente, ambos tienen la misma forma salvo que el infinitivo va precedido por la partcula TO.

5.- Uso del verbo to be: presente y pasado (afirmativo, negativo e interrogativo) Verbo to be: presente afirmativo: I am - Yo soy, estoy You are - T eres, ests He is - l es, est She is - Ella es, est It is - Esto es, est We are - Nosotros somos, estamos They are - Ellos son, estn interrogativo: Am I? Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it? Are we? Are they? Negativo: I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not We are not They are not

Afirmativo Sujeto I You He She It We You They Verbo am are is is is are are are objeto / complemento a student. happy. John. in the car. a hot day. David's parents. from Madrid. ours.
(con y sin contraccin)

Soy alumno. Eres feliz. Es John. Est en el coche. Es un da caluroso. Somos los padres de David. Sois de Madrid. Son nuestros.

Interrogativo Verbo Am Are Is Is Is Are Are Are Sujeto I you he she it we you they objeto / complemento a student? happy? John? in the car? a hot day? David's parents? from Madrid? ours?

Soy alumno? Eres feliz? Es John? Est en el coche? Es un da caluroso? Somos los padres de David? Sois de Madrid? Son nuestros?

Negativo Sujeto I You He She It We You They Verbo to be: PASADO I was a child Yo era un nio. I was at the cinema sera Yo estaba en el cine. Verbo am not are not is not is not is not are not are not are not objeto / complemento a student. happy. John. in the car. a hot day. David's parents. from Madrid. ours.
(con y sin contraccin)

No soy alumno. No eres feliz. No es John. No est en el coche. No es un da caluroso. No somos los padres de David. No sois de Madrid. No son nuestros

Modo afirmativo
I was (yo fui, era, estuve o estaba) you were (t fuiste, eras, estuviste o estabas) he/she/it was (l/ella/ello fue, era, estuvo o estaba) we were (nosotros fuimos, ramos, estuvimos o estbamos) you were (vosotros fuisteis, erais, estuvisteis o estabais) they were (ellos fueron, eran, estuvieron o estaban).

Modo negativo
I was not-I wasnt (yo no fui, era, estuve o estaba) you were not-you werent- (t no fuiste, eras, estuviste o estabas) he/she/it was not-he/she/it wasnt- (l/ella/ello no fue, era, estuvo o estaba) we were not-we werent- (nosotros no fuimos, ramos, estuvimos o estbamos) you were not-you werent- (vosotros no fuisteis, erais, estuvisteis o estabais) they were not-they werent- (ellos no fueron, eran, estuvieron o estaban).

Modo interrogativo
Was I? (Fui, era, estuve o estaba yo?) Were you? (Fuiste, eras, estuviste o estabas t?) Was he/she/it? (Fue, era, estuvo o estaba l/ella/ello?) Were we? (Fuimos, ramos, estuvimos o estbamos nosotros?) Were you? (Fuisteis, erais, estuvisteis o estabais vosotros?) Were they? (Fueron, eran, estuvieron o estaban ellos?).

EJERCICIOS VERBO TO BE PRESENTE

Utiliza el verbo TO BE en su forma correcta.

Jane a teacher? No, she you American? No, I .I

. She

a doctor.

Australian. . They . It . He at the university. on the chair. from Barcelona

John and Paul at home? No, they the book on the table? No, it your father from Madrid? No, he

Transforma las siguientes frases en frases a interrogativas o negativas, segn se pide en las instrucciones entre parntesis. 1. Your brother's a doctor. (frase negativa) . 2. Teachers are on holiday in August. (frase interrogativa) ? 3. It's late. (frase interrogativa) ? 4. You're from Denmark. (frase negativa) . 5. They're my friends. (frase negativa) . 6. I'm late for class. (frase interrogativa) ? 7. You're at home this weekend. (frase interrogativa) ? 8. This seat's free. (frase interrogativa) ? 9. She's married. (frase negativa) . 10. Mary's happy here. (frase negativa)

1. Completa con la conjugacin correcta del verbo to be en pasado simple (afirmativo). a) Mark _____ at school yesterday. b) Lissa _____ there. c) We _____ happy. d) Tom and Carl _____ good friends. e) The concert _____ amazing. f) You ______ right.

Presta atencin y corrige los errores en estas oraciones.

The film were boring _______________________________________________________________ We was not be there _______________________________________________________________ I not was angry ____________________________________________________________________ Peter and Marta werent hungry ______________________________________________________

6.- VERBOS EN PARTICIPIO PASADO

Podemos decir que el "participio pasado" es una "forma del verbo" que va acompaada de otro verbo (un verbo auxiliar) para formar un "tiempo verbal compuesto". En espaol el participio se forma con las terminaciones "ado/ada" o "ido/ida". Tambin existen formas irregulares como "visto" o "hecho". Se llaman "past participles" a los verbos que acaban en -ed o, en el caso, de los verbos irregulares los que aparecen en la tercera columna. Son el equivalente en espaol a los verbos terminados en -adoido y algunas formas irregulares como visto, dicho, etc Algunos ejemplos: Yo he caminado ("caminado" es el participio del verbo "caminar") Yo he dormido bien ("dormido" es el participio del verbo "dormir") La casa fue construida en 1990("construida" es el participio del verbo "construir") Yo he visto la pelcula ("visto" es el participio del verbo "ver". En este caso fjate que en espaol es irregular porque no termina en "ado" ni en "ido") Si te fijas bien, en estos ejemplos aparece un verbo auxiliar. En espaol esos verbos auxiliares son "ser/estar" o "haber". En ingls esos verbos auxiliares son el verbo "to be" (ser/estar) y el verbo "have" (haber). En ingls el "past participle" es: 1) Para los verbos irregulares, la tercera columna de la lista. 2) Para los verbos regulares son las terminaciones en "ed".
Infinitive arise[a'rais] be[bi] beat[bit] become[bikam] begin[bigIn] bet[bet] bite[bait] bleed[blid] Simple Past arose[a'rous] was [wuas] / were[wer] beat[bit] became[bikeim] began[bi'gan] bet[bet] bit[bIt] bled[bled] Past Participle arisen[a'risn] been [bin] beaten[bitn] become[bikam] begun[bi'gan] bet[bet] bitten[bItn] bled[bled] Spanish surgir, levantarse. ser golpear convertirse,llegar a ser comenzar apostar morder sangrar

Veamos ahora ejemplos en ingls: I have (I've) walked ("walked" es el participio del verbo "walk") I have (I've) slept well ("slept" es el participio del verbo "sleep") The house was built in 1990 ("built" es el participio del verbo "build") I have (I've) seen the film ("seen" es el participio del verbo "see")

EJERICIOS Complete with the verbs in the past simple or past participle.

The branch ________________________ me on the head. (hit) She has ______________________________ her shopping list and doesn't know what to buy. (forget) I'm glad we've ______________________________ the other team. (beat) She's ______________________________ the children some money to buy chocolate. (give) The dog ______________________________ up the bone. (dig) I've ______________________________ that pen you lost last month. (find) Have you ______________________________ Mary since she came back from Ireland. (see) She ______________________________ work at 5 o'clock and got home by 6. (leave) I ______________________________ what you meant. (understand) I _____________ quite a lot of money on new clothes and bought some boots as well. (spend) Mozart ______________________________ more than 600 pieces of music. (write) We ______________________________ Kate in town a few days ago. (see) Somebody has ______________________________ all my chocolates, the box is empty. (eat) I ______________________________ up in the middle of the night. (wake) He ______________________________ so happy when she agreed to marry him. (feel) Have you ______________________________ all the way from London ? (drive) She ______________________________ down and picked up the box. (bend) She marched out of the room and the door ___________________________ shut behind her. (swing) The sun ______________________________ every day while we were in Italia. (shine) Have you ______________________________ your homework yet ? (begin).

II.-SELECCIONA LA OPCIN CORRECTA PARA EL PAST PARTICIPLE

1. Drink: It's so hot that I've ______ five cans of Coke already this afternoon. drunk 2. drunken drank

Write: How many pages have you ______ for your homework? written writen wrote

3.

Steal: Someone has ______ my bicycle! Stolen stole stelt

4.

Fall: The price of oil has ______ rapidly since January. fell felt fallen

5.

Sell: Have you ______ your car yet? Sole sellen sold

ANSWERS: wrote saw eaten woke felt driven bent swung shone begun

ANSWERS: hit forgotten beaten given dug found seen left understood spent

7.-USO DEL PRESENTE PERFECTO Y PASADO PERFECTO En ingls utilizamos el tiempo presente perfecto cuando existe una conexin o relacin entre el pasado y el presente. Tiene dos usos principales: a) Lo utilizamos cuando nos encontramos interesados en el resultado presente de algo que ocurri en un momento no definido del pasado: - The secretary has decided to look for a new job. La secretaria ha decidido buscar un nuevo trabajo. - I'm afraid I have forgotten your name. Me temo que he olvidado tu nombre. b) Lo utilizamos para hablar acerca de una accin o situacin que comenz en el pasado y an contina: - How long have you worked here? Cunto tiempo has trabajado aqu? - She has been away on business since last week. Ella se ha ausentado por negocios desde la semana pasada. - I haven't seen Sylvia for several years. No he visto a Silvia durante varios. Con el presente perfecto utilizamos How long...? (Cunto tiempo...?) en preguntas relacionadas con la duracin y for (durante) o since (desde) para las respuestas. - How long have you worked at OM Personal? Cunto tiempo has trabajado en OM Personal? Observa que usamos for para expresar la duracin de una accin, y since para indicar cundo comenz la accin. - I've worked here for twelve months (for twenty years, etc). He trabajado aqu durante doce meses (durante veinte aos, etc) - I've worked here since January (since 1990, since Christmas, etc). He trabajado aqu desde Enero (desde 1990, desde Navidad, etc) A menudo el presente perfecto se utiliza con los adverbios just (justo), yet (an), still (todava), already (ya), ever (alguna vez), never (nunca), recently (recientemente), lately (ltimamente), so far (hasta aqu), up to now (hasta ahora). Observa algunos ejemplos: - They 've just signed an important contract. Ellos acaban de firmar un importante contrato. (RECUERDA: Present Perfect + JUST >> Acabar de hacer algo) - Sheila hasn't received an answer yet. Sheila no ha recibido respuesta an. - Have you ever used this type of machine? Has utilizado alguna vez este tipo de mquina? - We've had good results so far. Hasta aqu hemos obtenido buenos resultados.

Pasado Perfecto (Past Perfect Tense)

El Pasado Perfecto en el idioma ingls es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para referirnos a una accin que tuvo lugar en un momento anterior a otra accin, aunque ambas hayan sucedido en el pasado estableciendo un orden entre ellas, por ejemplo: The film had finished when she arrived at the cinema. La pelcula haba terminado cuando ella lleg al cine. (Primera accin: la pelcula haba terminado Segunda accin: ella lleg al cine)Sarah had prepared dinner when her husband got home. Sarah haba preparado la cena cuando su esposo lleg a casa. (Primera accin: Sarah haba preparado la cena Segunda accin: su esposo lleg a casa)

Para poder construir la forma afirmativa del Pasado Perfecto debemos utilizar como auxiliar el verbo TO HAVE en Pasado Simple y acompaado por el verbo principal en su Pasado Participio (ya sean verbos regulares o verbos irregulares):
I had bought a new car. Yo haba comprado un nuevo auto. You had cleaned the house. T habas limpiado la casa. He had brought the gifts. l haba trado los regalos. She had lost the credit card. Ella haba perdido la tarjeta de crdito.

Para formar una interrogacin deberemos colocar el auxiliar al comienzo de la oracin, luego el sujeto y posteriormente el verbo principal tambin en Pasado Participio:
Had I bought a new car? Haba comprado yo un nuevo auto? Had you cleaned the house? Habas limpiado t la casa? Had he brought the gifts? Haba trado l los regalos? Had she lost the credit card? Haba perdido ella la tarjeta de crdito?

Por su parte, la forma negativa se construye poniendo la negacin NOT entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal, por ejemplo:
I had not bought a new dress. Yo no haba comprado un nuevo vestido. You had not cleaned the house. T no habas limpiado la casa. He had not brought the gifts. l no haba trado los regalos. She had not lost the credit card. Ella no haba perdido la tarjeta de crdito.

Tambin puede utilizarse la forma contrada de la negacin colocando HADNT en vez de HAD NOT.

Ejercicios: Pasado Perfecto (Past Perfect Tense) (3). Sigue ejercitando el Pasado Perfecto
colocando en las siguientes oraciones la forma correcta del verbo que se encuentra entre parntesis. Es importante que luego las reescribas en interrogativo y negativo:

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Astronauts (fly) .. through space for hours. The boys (steal) . the bicycles. They (have) a long and uncomfortable trip. The beggar (find) five bottles of beer. He (show) . me the content of the parcel. My sister Ann (begin) . her diet a week ago. She (think) .. a good idea. The postman (deliver) my letter. He (retire) . from political life. Alice (leave) her bag on a chair. She (buy) a new pair of red shoes. We (have) lunch at a village inn. He (drink) . whisky before dinner. My sister (lose) . U$S 50 in the street. The children (kick) a ball very hard. My mother (receive) .. a letter from Canada. My father (give) .. me some money. Jenny (finish) her job at the office. They (enjoy) . Roys party. Pupils (learn) . the English lesson

Ejercicios: Presente Perfecto (Present Perfect Tense Para que puedas realizar ejercicios sobre el Presente Perfecto, te ofrecemos las siguientes oraciones en donde debes colocar el verbo que se encuentra entre parntesis en la forma correcta. Tambin te sugerimos que luego las reescribas en interrogativo y negativo: 1. The electrician (repair) the lighting system. 2. A thief (steal) Marys purse. 3. They (accept) .. credit cards. 4. We (sing) different songs at the camp. 5. The player (hit) me with the ball. 6. The students (print) the magazine. 7. The children (swim) in the lake. 8. The inspector (show) .. us the secret files. 9. Susan (get) $50 as a prize. 10. The passengers (watch) .. many movies. 11. He (build) .. a new department. 12. Jonathan (buy) . a new car and a new house. 13. The President (visit) .. the museum. 14. The secretary (ask) the boss to sign the letters. 15. Sarah (work) . for a building company. 16. The workers (clean) .. the theatre. 17. Jane (cut) . her finger. 18. Frank (fix) .. his bicycle. 19. Peter (eat) .. a lot of sandwiches. 20. My brothers (spend) their holidays abroad.

Clave:
1.Astronauts had flown through space for hours. Had astronauts flown through space for hours? Astronauts had not flown through space for hours. 1.The boys had stolen the bicycles. Had the boys stolen the bicycles? The boys had not stolen the bicycles. 1.They had had a long and uncomfortable trip. Had they had a long and uncomfortable trip? They had not had a long and uncomfortable trip. 1.The beggar had found five bottles of beer. Had the beggar found five bottles of beer? The beggar had not found five bottles of beer. 1.He had showed me the content of the parcel. Had he showed me the content of the parcel? He had not showed me the content of the parcel. 1.My sister Ann had begun her diet a week ago. Had my sister Ann begun her diet a week ago? My sister Ann had not begun her diet a week ago. 1.She had thought a good idea. Had she thought a good idea? She had not thought a good idea. 1.The postman had delivered my letter. Had the postman delivered my letter? The postman had not delivered my letter? 1.He had retired from political life. Had he retired from political life?

He had not retired from political life. 1.Alice had left her bag on a chair. Had Alice left her bag on a chair? Alice had not left her bag on a chair.

1.She had bought a new pair of red shoes. Had she bought a new pair of red shoes? She had not bought a new pair of red shoes. 1.We had had lunch at a village inn. Had we had lunch at a village inn? We had not had lunch at a village inn. 1.He had drunk whisky before dinner. Had he drunk whisky before dinner? He had not drunk whisky before dinner. 1.My sister had lost U$S 50 in the street. Had my sister lost U$S 50 in the street? My sister had not lost U$S 50 in the street. 1.The children had kicked a ball very hard. Had the children kicked a ball very hard? The children had not kicked a ball very hard. 1.My mother had received a letter from Canada. Had my mother received a letter from Canada? My mother had not received a letter from Canada. 1.My father had given me some money. Had my father given me some money? My father had not given me some money.

1.Jenny had finished her job at the office. Had Jenny finished her job at the office? Jenny had not finished her job at the office. 1.They had enjoyed Roys party. Had they enjoyed Roys party? They had not enjoyed Roys party. 1.Pupils had learnt the English lesson. Had pupils learnt the English lesson? The pupils had not learnt the English lesson.

8.- USO DE SUFIJOS Y PREFIJOS

LOS PREFIJOS Los prefijos son vocablos agregadas al comienzo de sustantivos, adjetivos, pronombres de pertenencia, adverbios y verbos, con el propsito de obtener un significado diferente. Algunos prefijos utilizados en el idioma ingls: El prefijo Mis Hacer algo incorrectamente, equivocado, errado, mal. Generalmente acompaa sin guin a verbos: print/misprint = imprimir/cometer errata represent/misrepresent = representar/falsificar take/mistake = tomar/error lead/mislead = liderado/mal liderado treat/mistreat = tratar/tratar mal judge/misjudge = juzgar/juzgar mal interpret/misinterpret = interpretar/mal interpretar inform/misinform = informar/desinforme handle/mishandle = manejo/mal manejo count/miscount = contar/error de cuenta conduct/misconduct = conducta/mala conducta chance/mischance = oportunidad/fatalidad calculate/miscalculate = calcular/calcular mal behave/misbehave = comportarse/portarse mal shapen/misshapen = forma/deformado to read/misread = leer/leer mal lead/misleading = guiar/descarrilar conception/misconception = concepcin/erradaconcepcin use/misuse = uso/mal uso Rich people mistreat poor people = (La) gente rica maltrata (la) gente pobre Some times a leader's personality can be misleading = Algunas veces la personalidad de un lider puede engaar There is a misconception on confrontation between the religions = hay un concepto errneo en la confrontacin entre las religiones El prefijo Over Over significa sobre, demasiado, excesivo, ms de: charge/overcharge = carga/sobrecarga El prefijo Over Over significa sobre, demasiado, excesivo, ms de: charge/overcharge = carga/sobrecarga time/overtime = tiempo,vez/horas extras, sobre tiempo heat/overheat = calor/sobrecalentamiento grown/overgrown = crecer/sobrecrecer all/overall = todo/sobretodo, abrigo paid/overpaid = pagar/sobre pago pass/overpass = paso/paso elevado sleep/oversleep = dormir/dormir demasiado Overall, how satisfied are you with the handling of this particular case? = En general, cmo satisfecho estan ustedes con el manejo de este caso particular? El prefijo Dis El prefijo Dis es una negacin que acompaa frecuentemente a sustantivos. Significa des, in : infectant/disinfectants = infectante/desinfectante arm/disarms = armado/desarmado honesty/dishonesty = honesto/desonesto ability/disability = habilidad/inhabilidad assemble/disassemble = montar/desmontar proportionate/disproportionate = proporcionado/desproporcionado agrement/disagreement = convenir/desavenir appear/disappear = aparecer/desaparecer obey/disobey = obedecer/desobedecer integrate/disintegrate = integrado/desintegrado obedient/disobedient = obediente/desobediente honor/dishonor = honor/deshonor order/disorder = orden/desorden respect/disrespect = respeto/irrespeto satisfied/dissatisfied = satisfecho/insatisfecho

time/overtime = tiempo,vez/horas extras, sobre tiempo heat/overheat = calor/sobrecalentamiento grown/overgrown = crecer/sobrecrecer all/overall = todo/sobretodo, abrigo paid/overpaid = pagar/sobre pago pass/overpass = paso/paso elevado sleep/oversleep = dormir/dormir demasiado Overall, how satisfied are you with the handling of this particular case? = En general, cmo satisfecho estan ustedes con el manejo de este caso particular? El prefijo over significa ms de.... overdone

count/discount = cuenta/descuento like/dislike = gustar/detestar rupt/disruptive = ruptura/reunir place/displace = ubicado/desplazado to prove/to disprove = probar/refutar trust/to distrust = confiar/desconfiar pleasure/displeasure = agrado/desagrado He disappared in Mexico = El Desapareci en Mjico

LOS SUFIJOS Son vocablos agregados al final de sustantivos, adjetivos, y verbos. Cambiando sustantivos en adjetivos, adjetivos en adverbios, verbos en sustantivos o en adjetivos, etc, con el propsito de obtener un significado diferente. El sufijo ABLESufijo que forma adjetivos a partir de verbos. No se aplica a sustantivos. Significa able, ible : to drink/drinkable = beber/bebible to reason/reasonable = razonar/rasonable to enjoy/enjoyable = disfrutar/disfrutable to remove/removable = remover/removible to believe/believable = creer/creble to explain/explainable = explicar/inexplicable Reasonable words can stop a fight and bring peace between people = Palabras razonables pueden detener una lucha y traer paz entre personas An American company makes these removable gold teeth = Una compaa Americana hacen removibles estos dientes color de oro El Sufijo Less Este sufijo nos brinda la posibilidad de alterar sustantivos para obtener adjetivos. Siendo muy util cuando tratamos con los comparativos. Es un sufijo tipo negacin y el cual significa sin. worth/worthless = til/intil hope/hopeless = esperanza/sin esperanza El Sufijo Ful El sufijo Ful es agregado a sustantivos para formar sustantivos y adjetivos. significan ada, ado, ido, oso : wonder/wonderful = maravilla/maravilloso color/colorful = color/colorido El Sufijo Ness Con el sufijo ness convertimos adjetivos calificativos en sustantivos. Pero si el adjetivo termina en y se cambia esta por la i antes de ser agregado el sufijo. Significa dad, eza Sick/sickness = enfermo/enfermedad Dark/darkness = oscuro/oscuridad Sad/sadness = triste/tristeza Happy/happiness= feliz/felicidad great/greatness = gran/grandeza Ill/ilness = enfermo/enfermedad Same/sameness = igual/igualdad Lone/loneness = slo/soledad Polite/politeness = corts/cortesa Blind/blindness = ciego/ceguera It is common for people to express both joy and sadness = Es comn para la gente expresar

home/homeless = casa/sin casa friend/friendless = amigo/desvalido use/useless = util/sin uso, sin utilidad harm/harmless = daino/inofensivo end/endless = fin/sin fin wire/wireless = alambre/inhlambrico care/careless = cuidado/descuidado God/Godless= Dios/ateo, sin dios He spent his money on many useless things = El gast su dinero en muchas cosas intiles You worthless leader = Usted lder intil wireless telephones are usually cheap = (los) Telfonos inalmbricos son usualmente baratos

ambos alegra y tristeza. People who want real happiness must first be sad = (La) gente quien quiere felicidad real debe primero estar triste. Children need to learn how to prevent illness = (Los) nios necesitan aprender a prevenir (la) enfermedad. The greatness of God = La grandeza de Dios. spoon/spoonful = cuchara/cucharada fright/frightful = miedo/miedoso beauti/beautiful = bello/hermoso peace/peaceful = paz/pacfico Power/Powerful = poder/poderoso respect/respectful = respeto/respetuoso Mercy/Mercyful = misericordia/misericordioso Truth/Truthful = verdad/verdadero They are frightful = Ellos estan temerosos Mexico has many wonderful building = Mjico tiene mucho edificio maravilloso We will visit one of the most beautiful cities there = Nosotros podremos visitar una de las ms maravillosas ciudades aqu

9.- USO DE LAS ORACIONES CONDICIONALES 10.- USO DE LOS VERBOS MODALES (CAN, COULD, SHOULD, WOULD) AFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE, QUESTION.