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Sinha Kota
NOMENCLATURE
Nomenclature of Simple Inorganic Compounds
Naming Of Anions
Rule 1:-If the anion contains only one element with a negative charge, then usually the
suffix ide is used.
e.g. F fluoride Cl chloride Br bromide
I
iodide O 2
oxide S 2
sulphide
N3 nitride P3 phosphide As3 arsenide
H hydride Au auride etc.
Rule 2:-*For an oxyanion (i.e. an ion with a negative charge which contains
oxygen alongwith some other element), suffix ate is used.
e.g. SiO32 silicate CO32 carbonate ZnO22 zincate
* If the nonmetal (other than oxygen) exists in more than one oxidation state,
then ite is attached to the lower one and ate is attached to higher one
e.g. SO42 sulphate, SO32 sulphite
NO3
nitrate, NO2
nitrite
SnO22 stannite, SnO32 stannate
PbO2 2
plumbite, PbO3 2
plumbate
* If more than two oxyanions exist, then prefix per should be used for anion
containing nonmetal in oxidation state higher than ate anion and prefix hypo
should be used for anion containing nonmetal in oxidation state lower than ite
anion.
e.g. ClO3 chlorate, ClO4 perchlorate
ClO2
chlorite, ClO
hypochlorite
Similarly IO2 is iodite ion, BrO3 is bromate ion etc.
PO43 phosphate HPO32 phosphite
H2PO2
hypophosphite
Miscellaneous anions
NH2 amide O22 peroxide
NH2 ionide O2 superoxide
N3
azide O3 ozonide
CrO22 chromate, Cr2O72 dichromate
MnO42 manganate, MnO4 permanganate
[Fe(CN)6] 3
ferricyanide, [Fe(CN)6]4 ferrocyanide
CN cyanide, OCN cyanate, SCN thiocyanate
CH3COO
acetate, C2O42 oxalate
Rule 3* Often when anion has 2 charge, e.g. CO32, then another species (e.g.
HCO3 ) is also possible. Then a prefix bi or hydrogen is attached.
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2 Chemistry by P.K.Sinha Kota
HS bisulphide or hydrogen sulphide etc.
* When anion has 3 charge, e.g. PO43, then following possibilities arise
HPO42
monohydrogen phosphate
H2PO4
dihydrogen phosphate
Cations
* Higher oxidation state is denoted by ic while lower one by ous . e.g.
Fe2+ ferrous Fe3+ ferric
Sn2+ stannous Sn4+ stannic
Hg2+ mercurous Hg2+ mercuric
Note: It is helpful if usual oxidation states of certain ions in aqueous solution are remembered.
e.g. Mn2+ manganese(II) ions
Cr 3+
chromium (III) ions
Ag+ silver (I) ions
Zn 2+
zinc (II) ions
H3O+ : hydronium
NO2+ : nitronium
NO+ : nitrosonium
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3 Chemistry by P.K.Sinha Kota
Exercise
Assuming the following compounds to exist, give the chemical formulae for
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4 Chemistry by P.K.Sinha Kota
Give names for the following Simple Compounds
1. Na3PO4 Sodium phosphate
2. CuSiO3 Cupric silicate or Copper silicate
3. Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulphate
4. NaIO3 Sodium Iodate
5. Al2(SO3)3 Aluminium sulphite
6. AlN Aluminium nitride
7. Cu(NO3)2 Cupric nitrate
8. AgClO4 Silver perchlorate
9. Fe3(PO4)2 Ferrous phosphate
10. RaCO3 Radium carbonate
11. Fe2S3 Ferric sulphide
12. Zn(NO3)2 Zinc nitrate
13. Li3N Lithium nitride
14. HgCl2 Mercuric chloride
15. CsI Cesium Iodide
16. Sr(NO2)2 Strontium nitrite
17. Hg2Br2 Mercurous bromide
18. NaHS Sodium bisulphide
19. KHCO3 Potassium bicarbonate
20. CaC2O4 Calcium oxalate
21. Pb(ClO4)2 Lead perchlorate
22. Ca(HPO3)2 Calcium phosphite
23. NaH2PO2 Sodium hypophosphite
24. CaCl2 Calcium chloride
25. RbNO3 Rubidium nitrate
26. NaH2PO4 Mono sodium dinitrogen phosphate
27. Na2HPO4 Disodium monohydrogen phosphate
28. SnCl4 Stannic chloride
29. KO2 Potassium superoxide
30. MgO2 Magnesium peroxide
31. Mn2O3 Manganese(III) oxide
32. FeO Ferrous oxide or iron (II) oxide
33. AuCl3 Gold(III) chloride
34. SnS2 Tin(IV) sulphide
35. Mg3As2 Magnesium arsenide
36. Ca3N2 Calcium nitride
37. Ca(N3)2 Calcium azide
38. Cu2[Fe(CN)6] Copper ferrocyanide
39. BaMnO4 Barium manganate
40. Ra(MnO4)2 Radium permanganate
41. RbIO2 Rubidium iodite
42. KO3 Potassium ozonide
43. Al2O3 Aluminium oxide
44. NaAu Sodium auride
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