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Theory The study of motion is divided into kinematics and dynamics.

Kinematics is a quantitative description of motion without reference to its physical causes. Under this kind of motion, the terms like displacement velocity and acceleration is defined. The dynamics is simple the study of the relationships between motion and force. The distance and displacement has a distinction. Distance (d) refers to the actual length of the path taken by an object in moving from its initial position to its final position. Displacement (d) refers to the straight line distance between its initial and final position, with direction toward the final postion. Distance is scalar, while displacement is vector. Speed and velocity has also something to do with the performed experiment. The term speed and velocity have distinct meanings. Speed is defined as the distance that a body moves in a unit time. It is a scalar quantity. Velocity is the result when the speed of the body is associated with a direction. And it is considered as a vector quantity. The speed of the body is the magnitude of its velocity. The SI unit for both speed and velocity is meter per second (m/s). While moving an object usually change its speed. And so it is required to distinguish between the average speed and instantaneous speed. The average speed of a body is the total distance it travelled divided by the time spent in travelling Average speed= v=

t and d are time and length intervals. t means final time minus the initial time. Similarly d is defined as the final position minus the initial position. Both taking the initial position as zero then both are equal with the final time/ position. The instantaneous speed of an object is its speed at a particular instant of time, with t being extremely small. Average velocity is the total displacement divided to total time. Similarly, instantaneous velocity is the velocity at an instant of time. Average velocity = v=

Acceleration has been defined to describe how velocity changes. It is the change in velocity with respect to time. Velocity can change in three ways: (a) change in speeds either decrease or increase; (b) change in direction and (c) change in speed as well as the direction. An object is said to be acceleration when it is either moving with changing speed, moving with constant speed but with direction, or moving with changing speed as well as changing direction. Acceleration = a=

or

The Si unit for acceleration is meter per second per second or meter per second squared. (m/s/s .

The simplest type of motion is the uniform motion. In this type of motion the velocity is constant, the acceleration is zero, and the instantaneous speed is equal to the average velocity. The equation relating displacement to time is.

When the displacement is plotted against time, the graph the graph must be straight line with a slope equal to v and a y-intercept equal to zero. Since the velocity is constant, the average velocity is equal to the instantaneous velocity. The velocity-versus-time graph is a horizontal line. The area bounded by the line and the time axis gives the displacement.

The equation relating displacement with time is

Assuming that the object starts from rest and the first term cancels out. It can be said that the displacement is directly proportional to the square of time. The graph therefore of displacement-versustime is parabola. The relation between velocity and time is . The graph of velocity-versustime is a straight line with a slope equal to the acceleration and a y-intercept equal to . If is zero, then the line must pass through the origin. The area under the graph gives the displacement. [Silverio, Angelina A. (2007). Exploring Life Through Science: Physics. 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. ] A stationary object does not move and so its position does not change, for as long as it is standing still. An example of this situation is when someone is waiting for something without moving. The person remains in the same position. [http://cnx.org/content/m38795/1.1/?collection=col11305/latest]

Figure no. _ Position-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs. The relation between graphs of position, velocity and acceleration as functions of time is summarised in the figure above. http://cnx.org/content/m38795/1.1/?collection=col11305/latest There are times that the slopes of a displacement-versus time or of velocity-versus-time graph is negative. When the slope tends to be negative, it means that, if a person moves along a straight line, there are two choices of direction to move. The person can either move to the left or to the right. The left of the origin can be designated as negative, and the right as negative. Thus, a positive slope representing either velocity or acceleration means that it is directed to the right of the origin. A negative slope means that the velocity or acceleration is directed to the left of the origin. A negative acceleration does not necessarily mean deceleration. Whenever the velocity and acceleration of a body are in the same direction, the body is speeding up. And whenever they ore oppositely directed, the body is slowing down. [ Silverio, Angelina A. (2007). Exploring Life Through Science: Physics. 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. ] The appearance of a Displacement vs. Time graph: with a constant velocity is a diagonal line from 0; with a constant velocity in negative direction is a diagonal line from y-axis to x-axis; with acceleration is a hyperbola; and with acceleration in an opposite direction is a negative hyperbola. The appearance of a Velocity vs. Time graph: with a constant velocity is a horizontal line on the second quadrant; with a constant velocity in negative direction is a horizontal line on the forth quadrant; with acceleration is a diagonal line from 0; and with acceleration in an opposite direction is a negative diagonal line.

FORMULA:
2

where: h=distance and g= gravity which is 9.80 m/s

where: a=acceleration, t=time

Application: 1. Devise a way to determine the height of a building using only a stopwatch. -using any object that would not break and a stopwatch we will able to determine the height of a building. The first thing to do is to drop the stone or anything that would not break from the top of the building, and with the use of the stopwatch, one must measure the time it took to reach the ground. And by using the formula :

We can calculate the height of the building. will be the initial velocity which is equal to zero and the acceleration is 9.80 . T will be the time the object took to reach the ground. 2. If you drop a feather and a hammer from the same height here on earth which will reach the ground first? Will you get the same result if you perform the experiment on the surface of the moon? - Knowing that the hammer is heavier than the feather, we can determine that it will hit the ground first than the feather. The hammer being heavier will be having a greater speed than of the feather. On the contrary, doing the experiment will result to a different result. The hammer and the feather will be reaching the ground at the same time because there is o gravity present in the moon.

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