Solutions Ch 11 July 5, 2008 81

SOLUTIONS CHAPTER 11 EXERCISES

7. Consider particles characterized with a density of 1.5 g/cm
3
. At 25C and 1 atm,
determine the terminal settling velocity of particles falling in air that are (a) 15, (b) 25,
and (c) 150 m in diameter.


Determine the Stokes settling velocity for each size particle using Equation 11.3. At
25C, the viscosity and density for air are assumed as 6.6610
-2
kg/mhr and 0.0012
g/cm
3
, respectively. For the 15 m particle, Stokes equation predicts:


( )
( )
( )
2
s
t
3 3
2
-6
2 3 3
3
t
-2
g - D
v =
18
m g 1kg 100 cm
9.81 1.5 - 0.0012 15 10 m
s cm 1000 g 1m
v 15m = 9.9 10
kg 1hr
18 6.66 10
m hr 3600 s
m
s

(
(

| |

|
\ .
=
| |

|
\ .
i


Similarly Stokes velocity can be determined for the 25 and 150 m particles:

v
t
(25 m) = 2.76 10
-2
m/s

v
t
(150 m) = 9.93 10
-1
m/s


8. Consider a settling chamber to treat a particulate ladened air stream having a
volumetric flow of 1.0 m
3
/s. Design a settling chamber to collect particles 10 m in
diameter having a density of 1700 kg/m
3
. The chamber is to be 1.5 m in width and 1.5 m
in height. (a) How long must the settling chamber be to give theoretical perfect
collection efficiency? (b) Using the length determined in part (a), determine the
collection efficiency for 5 m particles with the same density.

Part a. Using Stokes Law, determine the terminal settling velocity for the 10 m
particle.

( )
( )
( )
2
s
t
2
-6
2 3
t
-2
g - D
v =
18
m kg
9.81 1700 - 1.2 10 10 m
m s m
v 10m = 0.005
kg 1hr s
18 6.66 10
m hr 3600 s
(
(

| |
|
\ .
=
| |
|
\ .
i

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from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
Solutions Ch 11 July 5, 2008 82

Solve Equation 11.5 for the length of chamber required for theoretically removing 100%
of the 10 m particles.

t
v LW
= 100
Q


( )
( ) ( )
3
t
m
1.0 100
s Q
L = = = 133 m
m 100v W
100 0.005 1.5 m
s
| |
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .


Wow, longer than a football field!

Part b. And similarly for the 5 m particle use Stokes Law to determine the terminal
settling velocity.

( )
( )
( )
2
s
t
2
-6
2 3
t
-2
g - D
v =
18
m kg
9.81 1700 - 1.2 5 10 m
m s m
v 5m = = 0.0013
kg 1hr s
18 6.66 10
m hr 3600 s
(
(

| |
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .
i


Use Equation 11.5 to determine the removal efficiency of the 5 m particles.

( )( )
t
3
m
0.0013 133 m 1.5 m
v LW s
= 100 = 100 = 26%
m Q
1.0
s
| |
|
\ .


9. Design a settling chamber to collect particles 50 m in diameter and 111 lb/ft
3
in
density from an air stream with a volumetric flow of 8 ft
3
/s. The cross-sectional area of
the square inlet is 9 ft
2
. (a) How long must the chamber be to give theoretical perfect
collection efficiency? (b) Determine the collection efficiency for 10 m particles with the
same density. Assume the gas stream temperature is 70F such that the gas density and
viscosity are 0.075 lb/ft
3
and
5
1.23 10 lb ft s

i , respectively.

Part a. Using Stokes Law, determine the terminal settling velocity for the 50 m
particle.

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from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
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Solutions Ch 11 July 5, 2008 83
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
s
t
2
2
2
-6
2 3 2
t
-5
g - D
v =
18
3.28 ft
m lb
32.2 111- 0.075 50 10 m
s ft m
v 50m = 0.43
lb
18 1.23 10
ft s
ft
s
(
(

| |
| |
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
=
| |
|
\ .
i


Solve Equation 11.5 for the length of chamber required for theoretically removing 100%
of the 10 m particles.

t
v LW
= 100
Q


( )
( ) ( )
3
t
ft
8.0 100
s Q
L = = = 6.2 ft
ft 100v W
100 0.43 3 ft
s
| |
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .



Part b. And similarly for the 10 m particle use Stokes Law to determine the terminal
settling velocity.

( )
( )
( )
( )
2
s
t
2
2
2
-6
2 3 2
t
-5
g - D
v =
18
3.28 ft
m lb
32.2 111- 0.075 10 10 m
s ft m
ft
v 50m = = 0.017
lb s
18 1.23 10
ft s
(
(

| |
| |
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
| |
|
\ .
i


Use Equation 11.5 to determine the removal efficiency of the 10 m particles.

( )( )
t
3
ft
0.017 6.2 ft 3.0 ft
v LW s
= 100 = 100 = 4%
ft Q
8.0
s
| |
|
\ .




2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained
from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
Solutions Ch 11 July 5, 2008 84

10. Process exhaust gas with a volumetric flow rate of 100,000 cfm that contains 5 gr/ft
3

of cement PM is to be treated with an ESP. Regulatory requirements dictate that the
outlet PM concentration must be 0.02 gr/ft
3
. Assume a plate-to-plate spacing of 10
inches and an applied voltage of 15,000 volts. The smallest particles in the gas stream
are 2 m in diameter and all particles have a dielectric constant of 5.5. Estimate (a) the
particle drift velocity and (b) the required collection plate area to meet regulations.
Assume standard temperature and pressure. (c) Assume plates with length and height of
30 ft are used. Estimate the number of plates required.


Part a. Knowing the dielectric constant for the dust, calculate the constant P.


( ) 3 5.5
3
P = = = 2.2
+ 2 5.5 + 2


Use Equation 11.7 to estimate the drift velocity for 2 m particles.


( )( )
2
-3 2 -3
p
1kV 1
= 8.42 10 E d P = 8.42 10 15,000 V 2 m 2.2
1000 V 5 in.
ft
= 0.33
s
| |
|
\ .



Part b. Use the Deutsch-Anderson Equation 11.6 to determine the required collector
plate surface area.

First, determine the required removal efficiency using Equation 11.2.


( )
3
in out
in
3
gr
5 - 0.02
PM - PM
ft
= = = 0.996 or 99.6%
gr
PM
5
ft


Convert units for the volumetric flow rate:


3 3
ft 1 min ft
Q = 100,000 = 1,667
min 60 s s


Solve the Deutsch-Anderson Equation for collector area, A


A
= 1- exp -
Q
| |
|
\ .


2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained
from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
Solutions Ch 11 July 5, 2008 85

( ) ( )
3
2
ft
-1,667
-Q
s
A = ln 1- = ln 1- 0.996
ft

0.33
s
A = 27,900ft of collection area required
( (



If a plate length of 30 ft with height of 30 ft were used, the plate area can be calculated.
Recognize that both sides of the plates are utilized as collectors.

Plate Collection Area = ( )
2
plate
A = 30ft 30ft 2 = 1,800 ft

To determine the number of plates required:


plate
2
2
A
number of plates required - 1 =
A
27,900ft
number of plates required - 1 =
ft
1800
plate
approximate number of plates needed = 17


2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained
from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.