My name Tamilarrasi d/o Rajamoney. I am from Preparation Course Bachelor of Eduucation Programme (semester 1).

First of all, I would like to thank my basic mathemathic lecture Pn. Rafidah binti Wahap, who have gave this wonderfull opputunity to express my thoughts during Im doing this assignment. The topic that she gave me is Fibonacci Sequence . without her guidance and assistance I would not willing to finish this assignment. During Im doing this assignment, a have faced a lot of troubles exspeacially to gather all my otes on the topic Fibonacci sequence. Its make me feel some difficulities to find out my notes. Only few of my seniors knows about this topics and I found out that they also not that sure about my assignment topic. Besides that, there are some problems on connecting wireless in our campus. Recently, I become to know that the wireless in our campus has blocked for few weeks. Its make me trouble to find out ideas avout my topic in internet. I also have to thank my parents who support me in finance category. They have send me some moral supports when doing my assignment. My friends also give me some advises to make it better. They also give me some guidance on steps and preparation of my project. Eventhough I face a lot of troubles, I have gain many benefits after Ive finish this project. Finally, Ive finish my assignment completely and successfully. Thank you!

Biography
Leonardo was born in Pisa, Italy in about 1170. His father Guglielmo was nicknamed Bonaccio ("good natured" or "simple"). Leonardo's mother, Alessandra, died when he was nine years old. Leonardo was posthumously given the nickname Fibonacci (derived from filius Bonacci, meaning son of Bonaccio) Guglielmo directed a trading post (by some accounts he was the consultant for Pisa) in Bugia, a port east of Algiers in the Almohad dynasty's sultanate in North Africa (now Bejaia, Algeria). As a young boy, Leonardo traveled there to help him. This is where he learned about the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. Recognizing that arithmetic with Hindu-Arabic numerals is simpler and more efficient than with Roman numerals, Fibonacci traveled throughout the Mediterranean world to study under the leading Arab mathematicians of the time. Leonardo returned from his travels around 1200. In 1202, at age 32, he published what he had learned in Liber Abaci (Book of Abacus or Book of Calculation), and thereby introduced Hindu-Arabic numerals to Europe. Leonardo of Pisa (c. 1170 c. 1250), also known as Leonardo Pisano, Leonardo Bonacci, Leonardo Fibonacci, or, most commonly, simply Fibonacci, was an Italian mathematician, considered by some "the most talented mathematician of the Middle Ages". Leonardo became an amicable guest of the Emperor Frederick II, who enjoyed mathematics and science. In 1240 the Republic of Pisa honored Leonardo, referred to as Leonardo Bigollo by granting him a salary. In the 19th century, a statue of Fibonacci was constructed and erected in Pisa. Today it is located in the western gallery of the Camposanto, historical cemetery on the Piazza dei Miracoli.

Fibonacci sequence
It is easy to see that 1 pair will be produced the first month, and 1 pair also in the second month (since the new pair produced in the first month is not yet mature), and in the third month 2 pairs will be produced, one by the original pair and one by the pair which was produced in the first month. In the fourth month 3 pairs will be produced, and in the fifth month 5 pairs. After this things expand rapidly, and we get the following sequence of numbers: In the Fibonacci sequence of numbers, each number is the sum of the previous two numbers, starting with 0 and 1. Thus the sequence begins 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610 etc. The higher up in the sequence, the closer two consecutive "Fibonacci numbers" of the sequence divided by each other will approach the golden ratio (approximately 1 : 1.618 or 0.61 The Fibonacci sequence in sound, starting with harmonic intervals going up, and melodic intervals going down.In mathematics, the Fibonacci numbers are the following sequence of numbers:

By definition, the first two Fibonacci numbers are 0 and 1, and each remaining number is the sum of the previous two. Some sources omit the initial 0, instead beginning the sequence with two 1s.In mathematical terms, the sequence Fn of Fibonacci numbers is defined by the recurrence relation

with seed values

The Fibonacci sequence is named after Leonardo of Pisa, who was known as Fibonacci (a contraction of filius Bonaccio, "son of Bonaccio".) Fibonacci's 1202 book Liber Abaci introduced the sequence to Western European mathematics, although the sequence had been previously described in Indian mathematics

Liber Abaci
In the Liber Abaci (1202), Fibonacci introduces the socalled modus Indorum (method of the Indians), today known as Arabic numerals (Sigler 2003; Grimm 1973). The book advocated numeration with the digits 09 and place value. The book showed the practical importance of the new numeral system, using lattice multiplication and Egyptian fractions, by applying it to commercial bookkeeping,

conversion of weights and measures, the calculation of interest, money-changing, and other applications. The book was well received throughout educated Europe and had a profound impact on European thought. Liber Abaci also posed, and solved, a problem involving the growth of a hypothetical population of rabbits based on idealized assumptions. The solution, generation by generation, was a sequence of numbers later known as Fibonacci numbers. The number sequence was known to Indian mathematicians as early as the 6th century, but it was Fibonacci's Liber Abaci that introduced it to the West.

List of Fibonacci number

The first 21 Fibonacci numbers (sequence A000045 in OEIS), also denoted as Fn, for n = 0, 1, 2, ... ,20 are

F F F F F F F
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

F7 F8 F9

F1 F1
0 1

F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17

F18

F19

F20

0 1 1 2 3 5 8

1 2 3 3 1 4

55 89

14 23 37 61 98 159 258 418 676 4 3 7 0 7 7 4 1 5

Using the recurrence relation, the sequence can also be extended to negative index n. The result satisfies the equation

Examples of Fibonacci sequence

Fibonacci numbers in nature
1. Sunflower head displaying florets in spirals of 34 and 55 around the outside Fibonacci sequences appear in biological

settings, in two consecutive Fibonacci numbers,

such as branching in trees, arrangement of leaves on a stem, the fruitlets of a pineapple, the flowering of artichoke, an uncurling fern and the arrangement of a pine cone. In addition, numerous poorly substantiated claims of Fibonacci numbers or golden sections in nature are found in popular sources, e.g. relating to the breeding of rabbits, the spirals of shells, and the curve of waves. The Fibonacci numbers are also found in the family tree.

2.
.

The growth of this nautilus shell, like the growth of populations and many other kinds of natural growing, are somehow governed by mathematical properties exhibited in the Fibonacci sequence. And not just the rate of growth, but the pattern of growth. Examine the crisscrossing spiral seed pattern in the head of a sunflower, for instance, and you will discover that the number of spirals in each direction are invariably two consecutive Fibonacci numbers.

3.

The

Fibonacci

sequence

makes its appearance in other

ways within mathematics as well. For example, it appears as sums of oblique diagonals in Pascals triangle:

Fibonacci's Rabbits
4. The original problem that Fibonacci investigated (in the year 1202) was about how fast rabbits could breed in ideal circumstances. Suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits, one male, one female, are put in a field. Rabbits are able to mate at the age of one month so that at the end of its second month a female can produce another pair of rabbits. Suppose that our rabbits never die and that the female always produces one new pair (one male, one female) every month from the second month on. The puzzle that Fibonacci

posed was...

How many pairs will there be in one year?

1. At the end of the first month, they mate, but there is still one only 1 pair. 2. At the end of the second month the female produces a new pair, so now there are 2 pairs of rabbits in the field. 3. At the end of the third month, the original female produces a second pair, making 3 pairs in all in the field. 4. At the end of the fourth month, the original female has produced yet another new pair, the female born two months ago produces her first pair also, making 5 pairs.

Identities
Most identities involving Fibonacci numbers draw from combinatorial arguments. F(n) can be interpreted as the number of sequences of 1s and 2s that sum to n 1, with the convention that F(0) = 0, meaning no sum will add up to 1, and that F(1) = 1, meaning the empty sum will "add up" to 0. Here the order of the summands matters. For example, 1 + 2 and 2 + 1 are considered two different sums and are counted twice. This is discussed in further detail at YoungFibonacci lattice.

First identity
Fn = Fn 1 + Fn 2 The nth Fibonacci number is the sum of the previous two Fibonacci numbers. F(n+1) = F(n) + F(n1).

Second identity
The sum of the first n Fibonacci numbers is the (n + 2)nd Fibonacci number minus 1.

Interest
Interest is a fee paid on borrowed assets. It is the price paid for the use of borrowed money or, money earned by deposited funds. Assets that are sometimes lent with interest include money, shares, consumer goods through hire purchase, major assets such as aircraft, and even entire factories in finance lease arrangements. The interest is calculated upon the value of the assets in the same manner as upon money. Interest can be thought of as "rent of money". For example, if you want to borrow money from the bank, there is a certain rate you have to pay according to how much you want loaned to you. Interest is compensation to the lender for forgoing other useful investments that could have been made with the loaned asset. These forgone investments are known as the opportunity cost. Instead of the lender using the assets directly, they are advanced to the borrower. The borrower then enjoys the benefit of using the assets ahead of the effort required to obtain them, while the lender enjoys the benefit of the fee paid by the borrower for the privilege. The amount lent, or the value of the assets lent, is called the principal. This principal value is held by the borrower on credit. Interest is therefore the price of credit, not the price of money as it is commonly believed to be. The percentage of the principal that is paid as a fee (the interest), over a certain period of time, is called the interest rate.

Types of interest
Simple interest
Simple interest is calculated only on the principal amount, or on that portion of the principal amount which remains unpaid. The amount of simple interest is calculated according to the following formula:

where r is the period interest rate (I/m), B0 the initial balance and m the number of time periods elapsed. To calculate the period interest rate r, one divides the interest rate I by the number of periods m. For example, imagine that a credit card holder has an outstanding balance of $2500 and that the simple interest rate is 12.99% per annum. The interest added at the end of 3 months would be,

and he would have to pay $2581.19 to pay off the balance at this point. If instead he makes interest-only payments for each of those 3 months at the period rate r, the amount of interest paid would be,

His balance at the end of 3 months would still be $2500. In this case, the time value of money is not factored in. The steady payments have an additional cost that needs to be considered when comparing loans. For example, given a $100 principal:

Credit card debt where $1/day is charged: 1/100 = 1%/day = 7%/week = 365%/year.

Corporate bond where the first $3 are due after six months, and the second $3 are due at the year's end: (3+3)/100 = 6%/year.

Certificate of deposit (GIC) where $6 is paid at the year's end: 6/100 = 6%/year.

There are two complications involved when comparing different simple interest bearing offers. 1. When rates are the same but the periods are different a direct comparison is inaccurate because of the time value of money. Paying $3 every six months costs more than $6 paid at year end so, the 6% bond cannot be 'equated' to the 6% GIC. 2. When interest is due, but not paid, does it remain 'interest payable', like the bond's $3 payment after six months or, will it be added to the balance due? In the latter case it is no longer simple interest, but compound interest. A bank account offering only simple interest and from which money can freely be withdrawn is unlikely, since withdrawing money and immediately depositing it again would be advantageous.

Compound interest
Compound interest is very similar to simple interest; however, with time, the difference becomes considerably larger. This difference is because unpaid interest is added to the balance due. Put another way, the borrower is charged interest on previous interest. Assuming that no part of the principal or subsequent interest has been paid, the debt is calculated by the following formulas:

where Icomp is the compound interest, B0 the initial balance, Bm the balance after m periods (where m is not necessarily an integer) and r the period rate. For example, if the credit card holder above chose not to make any payments, the interest would accumulate

So, at the end of 3 months the credit card holder's balance would be $2582.07 and he would now have to pay $82.07 to get it down to the initial balance. Simple interest is approximately the same as compound interest over short periods of time, so frequent payments are the best (least expensive) payment strategy. A problem with compound interest is that the resulting obligation can be difficult to interpret. To simplify this problem, a common convention in economics is to disclose the interest rate as though the term were one year, with annual compounding, yielding the effective interest rate. However, interest rates in lending are often quoted as nominal interest rates (i.e., compounding interest uncorrected for the frequency of compounding).[citation needed] Loans often include various non-interest charges and fees. One example are points on a mortgage loan in the United States. When such fees are present, lenders are regularly required to provide information on the 'true' cost of finance, often expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR). The APR attempts to express the total cost of a loan as an interest rate after including the additional fees and expenses, although details may vary by jurisdiction. In economics, continuous compounding is often used due to its particular mathematical properties.

I am Tamilarrasi D/O Rajamoney from PPISMP unit Pengajian Tamil/Pendididkan Jasmani/Kajian sosial. Im studying at IPGM Kampus Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuala Lipis, Pahang. This basic mathemathic coarse work were given by Pn. Rafidah binti Wahab is lecture of my basic mathemathic subject. Thia coarse work was given to me on 10 august 2009 until 10 september 2009. This assignment is about Fibonacci Sequence and Interest. This work devided four parts which is called as part A, part B, part c, and part D. I find out some notes about the topics in library. Ive explain about the interest too. There a re some notes about simple interest, compound interest, and introduction about interest. I have refer some refrance books, in the library. I also axcess some internet websites to collect notes on my topic. Finally, I finish my task with reflection and bibliography. Lastly, I would like to thank all my members who give supports and advices to me Thank you!

NO 1. 2. 3. INTRODUCTION TASK QUESTION PART A:- FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

TOPIC

:- 3 EXAMPLES OF CREATION OF NATURE :- DISCOVERIES 4. PART B:- INTEREST :- SIMPLE INTEREST :- CALCULATON OF SIMPLE INTEREST :- COMPOUND INTEREST :- CALCULATION OF COMPOUND INTEREST 5. 6. 7. 8. PART C:- REFLECTION BIBLIOGRAPHY ATTACHMENT 1 REFERANCE

INSTITUT PERGURUAN KAMPUS TENGKU AMPUAN AFZAN,KUALA LIPIS

BASIC MATHEMATICS

[ FIBONACCI SEQUENCE]

NAME: TAMILARRASI A/P RAJAMONEY UNIT: BAHASA TAMIL/PENDIDIDKAN JASMANI/KAJIAN SOSIAL I.C: 910725-08-6220 COARSE: PREPARATION COURSE BACHELOROF EDUCATION PROGRAME (SEMESTER) NAME OF LACTURE: PN.RAFIDAH BINTI WAHAP

DATE OF COMPLETION: 10 SEPTEMBER 2009

ATTACMENT 1
1.

A(t) = A0 . (1 + t . r ) A0 = RM 2000 t = 0.06 = A(t) = 2000 (1 + 0.18) = 2000 (1.18) = RM 2360

Interest = balanced interest = saving accounts = interest = RM 2360 RM 2000 = 360

2..

i.

How much money will you have after five years ? A(t) = A0 (1 + r/n)n.t

A0 = RM 7500 r = 0.06 n = 12 nt =12 5 = 60 = A(t) = 7500 (1+ 0.06/12)60 = 7500(1.005)60 = 7500(1.349) = RM 10117.50

ii.

Find the interest after five years.

Interest = balance interest = saving accounts = interest = RM 10117.50 RM 7500 = RM 2617.50

3.

i.

8.25% compounded quarterly = 0.0825/4 = 0.02065

ii.

8.3% compounded semiannually = 0.083/2 = 0.0415 The better choice is 8.25 rate compounded quarterly

4.

A(t) = A0(1+ r/n)n.t A0 = x A(t) = RM 20000 r = 0.08 n = 12 nt = 12 5 = 60 = 20000 = x (1+ 0.08/12)60 = x(1+ 0.006667)60 = x(1.006667)60 = x(1.4898) x = 20000/1.4898 x = RM 13424.1 5.

A(t) = A0 ( 1+ r/n)n.t A0 = x A(t) = RM 500000 r = 0.09 n = 12 nt = 12 35

= 60 RM500000 = x(1+ 0.09/12)420 = x(1+ 0.0075)420 = x(1.0075)420 = x(23.06) x = 500000/23.06 = RM 21682.57

6.

i.

Determine the amount financed. = monthly payment number of payments = RM 194.38 60 = RM 11662.80

ii.

Determine the total installment price = 194.38 60 = 11662.80

iii.

Determine the finance charge = amount financed (car cost down payment) = RM 11662.80 RM 9045 = RM 2617.80

BIBLIOGRAPHY
D.Paling,C.S Banwell,K.D.Saunders(1971). Making Mathematics 4A Secondry course, second edition.Oxford university Pres, Ely House, London W.I. Blitzer,Robert (2001). Thinking mathematically/ -3rd edition. Charles P. M keague(1972). Basic mathematic/-5th edition. Charles(1999).mathemathic for elementary school teacher. Miller, heeren, Hornsby(2000). Mathematical ideas. Raymond A. barnatt(1971). College mathematics. Wikipedia.org/ wiki Fibonacci number Googles.com.my Yahoo.com.my Wikipedia.interest.com.my