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The benefits of indirect lighting

Proper classroom lighting is essential lo accomplish educational objectives. Poor iighting hindel.s a student's ability to see and cornprehend material presented on chalkboards and in books. And lllat detracts from thc Iearning process.

A few years ago, indirect lighting was widely used and accepted. By aiming the light upwards to the ceiling, very soit, non-glare illumination was achieved. The principle was to llood the ceiling with light, whicll was then rcflected down into the work arca. AlthoLrgh the amount ol' light in the work area was less lhan it $ould hx\c bccr lr,' n I Ji ect Lrrrr..raire, thc lack ofglare and shadows ofl\et the loss in quantity.
However. when studies indicated that morc light was necessar'y in schools, oflices. and storcs. indirect lighling becamc less frcqucntly r.rsed. This change

Holophane ClasspakrM luminaires produce good, uniform, effective ESI iootcandles; soften lamp brightness by rnaking the ceiLing the apparent source ot Iight; and provide a virtualLy shadow free, comfortable Lighting environment.

illumination. These mercury, metal

halidc and high pressure sodiunl lamps produce a grcat deal of light fronl a small source. Thcy ofcr a wide range ol' coloas and efliciencies, but are nlany timcs more emcient than incandescent and much more compact than lluorcscent
lamps.

Research over the past few years has established that the quality oflight, that

ofuselul light, is as quantity. This qualityquantity consideration is measured in

is the amount

inrportant

as

lo highcr footcandle levels was lnade

economically feasible by wide acceptance of the fl uorescent Ianlp.
To obtilin these higher light levels willl indirecl lighling, would have reqLrired an uneconomically large number of Luminaires. lncandescent, because the larnps themsclvcs did not have high output. Fluorescent, becallse thc lamps were relatively large ancl of low output per lanrp. A great deal of the light would have been blocked bv the fixrures req uired to hold theln. But now new Higll Intensit-"- Dischargc (HlD) lilht sources have madc it possible

effective or ESI footcandles, while quantity alone is measuled in rarv, "classical"

footcandlcs.
ESI values are derived througll a

Lanrpel)iciencr r. rneu,Jred in lLrnren\ per watt, which indicates the amount of light produced fol eacll watt ofelectricity corlsumed. Incandescent ]aInps provide
abour 20 umen. pe. ndlt: Ruote\cent. about 68 ; mercLfy. about 50; metal halide, about E0; high prcssurc sodium,

comparison of light at spccific points in a room to ligllt in a standard test laboratory spllere environment. A properly engineered indir{]ct HID systeln, like Holophane Classpak, produces good. urliform ESI; soltens luminaire brightness by ilaking the ceiling lhe aflirer rs,,rrrceofthc light; and provides a virtually shadow-free, comfortable and productive environment.

about

105.

For indirect use. these efllcient compacl \orrrce( requifc ir \pccirl l.rnrr':r.rc dcrrgrr to distributc thc light across a wide arca of the ceiling and to eliminate harsh bright
spots. This creates high quaLity lightingwithout glarc and shadows and provides equivalent or better visibility than many

to rcturn to solt, ellective, indirect

direct lighting systems which provide higher "classical" footcandle levels.

Classroom relighting performance companson, Broward Co.School District, Florida.

Lighting renovation lo improve energy-elf iciency and quality.

The Broward County School District
i11

Florida rccently improved the classloom lighting in five of thcir elernentary schools. In the choice of i! new system the County was concerned with many facets of the problern. .uch r. in iti:rl co't. l ,r t lre rrI itr ard in'ral.Jl.on - inr' rrJing _err ir irrg

they were able to irlcrease their ciassical lootcandles more than three tinres. Classical lootcandles were increased to a range of62 to 96 footcandles, averaging 78. The classical footcandies at thc dcsk tops wcre 9l't:; rLniform, meaning that throughout lhe room there was liltle variation in lootcandle levels.
ES-[

Installation and rewiring costs were minimized, made possible by utilizing the
existing wiring and circuits. Operational

cort' and ere.g) con.tmptiorr

u ere

reduced, and Iighting quality was greatly irnproteJ. Brouard ( ounr) ilchteved their inilial goal.

uperariolalco'l'undc rcrg)c,,lr\Jl lpl

as well as the

!,1

quality olthe lighting

system they would obtain.

footcandlcs were also increased threefold with a range of l7 to 90, averaging 49 arld again, the majority ofpoints in the room received very effective light.

ofthe rooms were previously lighted with 500W incandescents. When these were relighted as described abovc, footcandle Ievels we|e doubled while
Some eneJgy

LrsaEet;reAucd6t7oqNew Syslem Six 250W Clear l\4elal Halide Holophane Classpak

62 96 78
910/o

Many olthe 25'x3l'classroonrs with 9'

ceilings were lighted with six l00W silver bowl, indirect, incandescent fixtures. A great deal ofenergy was being used to produce a small amount of light. Initial classical footcarldle readings in the rooms ranged lrom 19 to 25 lootcandles, averagiig22. Uselul, or ESI footcandles ranged lrom 10 to 22, averaging 15.

Old System Six 300W Silver Bowl

Classical Footcand les

Low High
19 25
954/"
'10

At the suggestion ofthe electrical engineer, tlle County decided to colltinue rising an indirecl system. Religllling with
six Holophane Classpak Iuminaires, each using a 250W clear metal halide Iamp.

Average LJn iformity ESI (useful) Footcand les

Low High

,)'
15

17

Average Uniformity lnput Watts Per Fixtu re Total lnput Watts Watts Per Square Foot

90 49

73%
300
1800

2.32

290 1740 2.25

6l

c
3l

Classroom Layout
Classroom size: 25'x31'x9' cei ing height Reilectances: Cei ing-70%, Wall 50%,
Flaot

Work plane: 2.5'above floor

2Aoh

Holophane Classpak luminaire, 3O5O series

@ Eallast High power lactor

ballasts

deliver full wattage to the lamp for rated lumen output.

@ Surlace-mounted or recessed

I?allasts Shown is the surface-mounted ballast and cover suitable for hard as well as suspended ceilings. The ballast a..embl) cln a.o he rece..ed inl o Ihe plenum eliminatillg tlle lop canopy. Then only the sleek stem extends through the ceiling line. O Swivel suspension The standard Classpak is capable ofbeing mounted on
ceilings with a slope ofup to 15" from horizontal without special mounting

hardware.

Black a nodized slem The standard 3%" wide stem gives an esthetic balance io the overall appearance olC la..pal. The black anodized finish oD extruded aluminum protects against cracking or peeling ofthe finish from lamp heat.
The emergency lighting option available with the Holophane Classpak operates lron- rlre r inre po$er i. rupplieJ to the unir unlil the Iamp reache\ 60-70'. oi ir. rated output, giving a safe level of

Optional emergency relay system

rllumirar io r ar all I imes. Operare5 drrring lamp warm up as well as restrike. 6 Optional wire guard To protect again.r loreign objects entering the rrnir. the optional guard made of a 13 gauge steel nlesh with a maximum opening of 3",
may be used.

Reflector I hrough it. unique design. the reflector seryes to redirect the light to rnaximizc the I rea co\ ered on the su rface of the ceiling, so fewer units are required for good unifolm lighting design. & Baked while enamel exterior {inish The reflector and ballast canopy
Contact your local Holophane lighting
sales representative
The phys
umlnaLre

ca

lor application

assistancc, computer-aided cost studies, and sample units for trial installation. For inlbrmation on other Johns-M anville

prodLct. a r.d \J \rem., cr ll ll e Pri 'Jucl lnformation Center at 103-979-l 000.

accordance wilh acccpled lsl melh.ds and are sublecl lo manufa.llrinC varialions The! arc supp ied as a ^orma serv ce and are sublecl lo crranqe withoul nol ce. rechnic. chck your .ca Ho opha.e sa cs reprsenlal ve lo ass!re .utrenl nlormalion ll.oplrane s a Dvson of J.hns-Manv le Sa es CorPorat.n

c asspak reprcsent typ ca averaoe valus obla nd

propert es ol the Holophane

are finished in a durable baked white enamel paint. Other colors may be obtained on special request. @ Choice of lamps The Classpak 3050 series can accommodate a wide varietv of lamps alld wattages. l00, 150, 400W High pressure sodium

Holophane Div. Johns-[4anvi le Sales Corp., Ken

175,250,400W Mercury 175, 250, 40OW Metal halide

Uffi
Johns-Manville

Caryl Ranch, Denver, Colo.80217 / The Holophane Company, Lid., Bramalea, Oni, and Si. Hyac nihe, O!e. Canada/Holophane Europe Lim ted, Bond Ave., lM lton Keynes N4K1 1JG, Enqland/Folophane S.A. de C.V,, Aparlado PostalT5-415, Mexjco 14, D.F., Mexico/Holophane Auslral a, 133 Sackvl le St., Co ringwood, N4elbourne, Vicioria 3066, Auslral a