GCSE CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEET 1

(a) (b) (c) (i) (ii)

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

proteins /amino acids nitrate will be used up eventually / will run out 23 + 14 + (3 16) = 85 14 / 85 100 = 16.5 (16.47) if incorrect, one mark is given for the correct fraction (ii) is marked consequentially on part (i) air water / natural gas / methane iron acts as a catalyst this increases surface area and increases the rate of reaction sulphuric acid

1 1 1 2

(d)

(i) (ii)

om

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(e)

(i) (ii)

(f) (g)

ma

increase in plant/algal growth plants/algae die and rot the rotting process uses up oxygen in the water lack of oxygen results in death of fish and other wildlife

ctiv

e.c

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TOTAL 15

GCSE CHEMISTRY

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 2
(a) provides raw materials to make useful products provides jobs for people adds valuable income to the local community THREE from : -removes a mineral that cannot be replaced -damages habitats of plants and/or animals -spoilheaps produced that are unsightly -named form of pollution from mining eg.noise/more lorries/dust (i) (s) = solid (g) = gas CaCO3 : 100 CaO : 56 CO2 : 44 1 1 1

(b)

3 1 1 1 1 1

(c)

(ii)

(d)

(i)

ctiv

100 tonnes limestone 56 tonnes calcium oxide 300 tonnes 168 tonnes 3,000 tonnes 1680 tonnes marked consequentially on the masses given in (c)

e.c

om

(ii) (e)

some limestone remains unreacted/does not get hot enough glass making / cement making / building material / neutralising agent for soils

1 1 TOTAL 15

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GCSE CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEET 3

(a) (b)

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

anode correctly labelled electrode on left Test use damp litmus paper Result - turns white / bleached kill bacteria in drinking water or swimming pools / manufacture of PVC or bleach or disinfectants 2Cl - Cl2 + 2e-

1 1 1

(c)

1 1

(d) (e) (f) (i) (ii) (g)

solution is alkaline sodium hydroxide

om

hydrogen

1 1 1

(h)

increase current of cell use different electrodes

ma

ctiv

FIVE from : - run cell with known concentration of salt solution - measure volume of gas collected after specified time/ time how long to collect a specified volume of gas - repeat experiment with weaker/stronger concentration of salt solution - use same volume of solution - use same electrodes - use same current 5 1 1

e.c

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TOTAL 15

GCSE CHEMISTRY

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 4
(a) Al3+ O2lowers melting point of the aluminium oxide ions need to be free to move towards the electrodes ions are able to move as a liquid / ions unable to move as a solid (i) (ii) Al3+ + 3e- Al 1 1 1 1 1 1

(b) (c)

(d)

oxide ions are attracted to the anode oxide ions lose electrons to form oxygen gas

om

1 1 1 1 1 1

(f)

(i) (ii)

United Kingdom

TWO from: - large amount of electricity not available - money for construction of plant not available - lack of suitable trained workforce

ctiv

e.c

(e)

method of extraction from the ores is related to a metal's position in the reactivity series metals at the top of the series need more energy than those lower down

2 TOTAL 14

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GCSE CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEET 5

(a) (b) C + O2

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

CO2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen in the air and dissolves in water forming sulphuric acid or 'acid rain' making the soil too acidic and damages the roots of the trees/ rain water is very acidic and attacks or damages leaves (i) (ii) neutralisation CaO : 56 SO2 : 64 32 / 64 56 = 28 tonnes if incorrect, 1 mark is given for the fraction mark consequentially on answers to (ii)

(c)

(iii)

(iv)

ctiv

TWO from : -do not want sulphur dioxide to escape so best to have excess calcium oxide -would be difficult to ensure thorough mixing of reactants -impurities may be present in calcium oxide / may be impure reaction is reversible/products break up to reform reactants

e.c

om

2 1 1 1

(d)

(i) (ii) (iii)

sulphuric acid

ma

sulphur trioxide

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TOTAL 14

GCSE CHEMISTRY

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 6
(a) (b) (i) (ii) (iii) (c) (i) (ii) + 189 kJ the minimum amount of energy needed to start a reaction line drawn from the reactants to the top of the curve speeds up the reaction / makes the reaction go faster 70 % 70 / 100 300 = 210 tonnes if incorrect one mark is awarded for the correct fraction mark consequentially on the answer to (c) (i) low rate of reaction / slow reaction low temperature makes the catalyst less effective 1 1 1 1 1

om

e.c

(iii)

1 2

(d)

(i)

(ii) (e) (i) (ii)

the reaction is too violent / too exothermic transition metal / transition element

ctiv

SO3 + H2SO4 H2S2O7 one mark for correct reactants, one mark for correct products

1 1 1

vanadium catalyst is not used up in the reaction

ma

TOTAL 13

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GCSE CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEET 7

(a) (b)

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

amount or percentage of copper present is very small reacts in air to form sulphuric acid this is the cause of 'acid rain' poisonous / causes pollution scores one mark sulphur dioxide reacted with air or oxygen to form sulphur trioxide sulphur trioxide absorbed into concentrated sulphuric acid (i) copper from the anode/impure electrode forms copper ions or dissolves copper ions turn to copper on cathode/deposited on cathode/pure copper impurities are left behind/fall to the bottom of the cell

1 1 1

(c)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(d)

(iii)

reduction is electron gain copper ions gain two electrons

(iv)

'anode slime' contains precious metals/named metals eg. silver, gold high melting points form coloured compounds

ctiv

e.c

(ii)

2e-

om

1 1 1

(e)

ma

TOTAL 15

QUESTIONSHEET 8
(a) (i) (ii) (b) (i) (ii) (iii) 1.03% oxygen

he

ww w.c

1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2

fractional distillation argon oxygen

(c) (d)

carbon dioxide & water vapour (i) (ii)

in electric bulbs, for risky welding jobs, etc. fast freezing food, for packing food, making ammonia, etc.

(e)

convert iron to steel (1) by burning impurities (1)

TOTAL 11

GCSE CHEMISTRY

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES QUESTIONSHEET 9

(a) (b) (i) (ii) (iii) (c) (d) (e)

air NO O2 NO2 platinum gases are cooled using water reacted with water and oxygen (i) (ii) (iii) ammonia solution / ammonium hydroxide neutralisation nitrogen is converted into plant protein crop yield is therefore increased 10% nitrogen 5% potassium no phosphorus is present

1 1 1 1 1

om

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(f)

(iv)

ma

ctiv

e.c

TOTAL 15

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GCSE CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEET 10

(a) (b) iron 3H2 2NH3

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

1 1 1 1 1 1

(c) (d) (i)

a reaction in which the products reform the reactants increases as the pressure increases decreases as the temperature increases pressure 225 atmospheres

(ii) (iii) (e)

om

temperature 300oC

1 1

line drawn between 300oC and 500oC lines and is closer to 300oC line

e.c

Two from: - more expensive plant or pipelines as they need to be thicker/stronger - greater risk of explosion / greater danger to workforce - higher power costs for compressor lower rate of reaction / reaction takes a long time cool down the mixture of gases ammonia will be the first to turn into a liquid recycled

2 1 1 1 1

(f) (g)

(h)

ma

ctiv

TOTAL 14

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GCSE CHEMISTRY

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 11
(a) (b) (i) haematite/magnetite carbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide this reacts with more carbon oxygen is removed CaCO3 CaO + CO2 1 1 1 1 2 1

(ii) (c) (i) (ii) (d)

limestone removes acid/sandy impurities molten iron slag need for shift work / unsociable hours

om

1 1 1

(f)

ctiv

THREE from : -near to supply of coal/coke or near to coalfield -near to a port for import of ore -good communication links eg. good road or rail links -availability of skilled workforce

e.c

(e)

3 1 1

(g)

ma

steel girders for construction / motor car bodies / shipbuilding

TOTAL 15

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GCSE CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEET 12

(a)

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

TWO from : - large amount of impurities present in ore/ only one tonne of metal formed from every 4 tonnes of ore - large amounts of energy required in the extraction process/ uses large amounts of electricity - special equipment required to cope with the high temperatures involved THREE from : - high demand reduces the Earth's resources - more fuel burnt that adds to atmospheric pollution/greenhouse effect/increase in carbon dioxide levels - bauxite ore will run out/is a non-renewable resource - problems involved in more recycling to meet the increased demand - more waste produced from purification of bauxite - more land used to build HEP plants to meet electricity demand

(b)

om

3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(c)

(i)

anode connected to +; cathode to electrolyte the solution aluminium metal the bottom layer

(ii)

oxygen formed at the anode reacts with the carbon forming carbon dioxide gas Al3+ + 3e- Al

(d)

(i) (ii)

molar mass of oxygen = 32 g each O2 releases 4 electrons to form 4/3 aluminium 4/3 27 10 = 360 tonnes

he

ma

ctiv

e.c

TOTAL 14

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GCSE CHEMISTRY

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 13
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) oxygen vanadium(V) oxide water (s) O2 (g) 1 1 1 2 1

toxic nature of the gas/forms acid rain hydrogen, sulphur and oxygen

om

1 1 1

(vii) dangerous reaction/ a sulphuric acid mist is formed

e.c

(viii) paints/fertilisers/car batteries/detergents/plastics/cleaning metals/ many more

TOTAL 9

QUESTIONSHEET 14
(a) (i) (ii) (iii) (b) (i) (ii) (c) N2 (1) 3 2 (l)

ctiv

2 1 l 1 1 1 1

heat speeds up the reaction

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sulphuric acid

he

as the pressure increases % of ammonia also increases as the temperature increases % of ammonia decreases construction cost or plant too dangerous

ma

iron behaves as a catalyst in speeding up the reaction

TOTAL 8

QUESTIONSHEET 15
(a) (i)

(I) coke (II) limestone slag

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TOTAL 8

(ii) (b) (i) (ii)

carbon monoxide 256 + 3 16 =160 1 mole of Fe2O3 gives 2 moles of Fe 320 tonnes gives 224 tonnes of iron

(iii)

GCSE CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEET 16

(a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (b) (i) cost of electricity

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

1 1 1 1 1

breaking down a substance by electricity reduce energy/lower the melting point of the aluminium oxide ions must be mobile oxide O2 near power station (1) electrolysis needs electricity (1) OR good transport system (1) import of bauxite/export of aluminium (1) making our resources last longer/cheaper metals/ lower energy costs conducts heat conducts electricity does not corrode

om

2 1 1 1 1

(ii) (c) (i) (ii) (iii)

ctiv

e.c he ma

TOTAL 11

QUESTIONSHEET 17
(a) (i)

One each for: sodium ----- electrolysis zinc ----------reduction with coke copper ------heat sulphide with oxygen

3 1 1 1 1 1

(iii) (b) (i) (ii)

carbon

displacement/ oxidation reduction/ reduction sodium more reactive than titanium

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(ii)

most reactive metals need electrolysis least reactive by heating

TOTAL 8

GCSE CHEMISTRY

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 18
(a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (b) (i) (ii) C E D B heating up incoming air Two from: nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide 1 1 1 1 1

om

2 1

(c)

carbon

e.c ctiv

TOTAL 8

QUESTIONSHEET 19
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) nitrogen is very unreactive products turn back into reactants a catalyst/ iron catalyst

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

returned to reaction/recycled/used again strong smell alkaline/ red litmus paper turns blue

(ii)

contain a lot of nitrogen improves crop yield

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(f)

(i)

ammonium nitrate

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ma

TOTAL 10

GCSE CHEMISTRY QUESTIONSHEET 20

(a) (i) (ii) sodium chloride

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

Two from: on roads in winter, seasoning, preserving food, glazing earthenware, curing bacon strong alkali Two from: soap, paper, dyes, rayon gas bleach

2 1

(b)

(i) (ii)

(c)

(i)

om

1 1

(ii)

e.c

Two from: treating water, swimming pools, making plastics, dyes, hydrochloric acid, solvents, refrigerants,bleaches

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ma

ctiv

TOTAL 10