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Asu n t o : De : Par a: Fe c h a:

Spotlight: Textos del 15 al 19 de abril de 2013 Spotlight Radio - Ecuador (ingles@hcjb.org) ivanmullo@yahoo.es; Viernes 12 de abril de 2013 8:10

Hello / Hola Ivn. I hope youve had a good week. / Espero que hayas tenido una buena semana. Im writing today with the scripts for the new Spotlight programs. I hope you enjoy the topics that will be presented. There are many interesting things to learn! / Te escribo hoy con los textos de los programas de Spotlight para la prxima semana. Espero que te gusten los temas. Hay muchas cosas muy interesantes para aprender! Here are some websites that I hope you will find useful as you learn English. If you know of any other great websites, please let me know so I can share them with other Spotlight friends. Thanks. / Aqu estn unos sitios web que espero que sean tiles en tu aprendizaje de ingls. Si conoces de otros buenos sitios, favor decrmelos para poder compartirlos con otros amigos de Spotlight. Gracias. Duolingo duolingo.com Multimedia English http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/ Free English Video Lessons http://www.engvid.com/ Curso Ingls http://www.curso-ingles.com/ Aula Fcil http://www.aulafacil.com/ British Councils Learn English http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/ English English http://www.englishenglish.com/ English Page http://www.englishpage.com/index.html English Club http://www.englishclub.com/ English Town http://englishtown.latam.msn.com/online/home.aspx English Zone http://english-zone.com/index.php Rong Chang http://www.rong-chang.com/ FreeRice http://freerice.com Grammar Quizzes http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/ Ingls Mundial http://www.inglesmundial.com/index.html Live Mocha http://livemocha.com/ Have a great weekend! / Que tengas un lindo fin de semana! Allen. P.D. Para que sepas, nosotros no enviamos tu direccin a nadie ms y trabajamos dentro de un sistema bastante protegido. Usamos un programa especial (Group Mail) para que los textos se enven individualmente a cada persona. As el e-mail que sale tiene solamente tu direccin y la ma. Somos muy cuidadosos para proteger tu direccin y privacidad, y quisiera que siempre hagas igual con la ma por favor. <><
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Allen C. Graham Radio HCJB, Quito - Ecuador Radio HCJB2, Guayaquil - Ecuador ALAS: Radio Internacional por Satlite Spotlight on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/spotlightradio

Spotlight - Ingls Especial 15 abr 16 abr 17 abr 18 abr 19 abr lunes 5581 Patrick Moore, Astronomer martes 5582 New Dawn: Community Radio on Bougainville mircoles 5583 High Speed Trains jueves 5584 Traveling with Mobile Telephones viernes 5585 Women Speaking Truth

El horario de Spotlight se encuentra en la ltima pgina del documento. Gracias. El audio de todos los programas de Spotlight est disponible en formato MP3 a travs de la pgina http://www.spotlightradio.net/listen/archives/

PROGRAM 5581: Patrick Moore, Astronomer (Patrick Moore, Astrnomo) Escuchar o bajar el MP3 de este programa a tu computadora en este link: http://www.spotlightradio.net/media/player/downloadlo.php?program=5581 Voice 1 Welcome to Spotlight. Im Colin Lowther. Voice 2 And Im Katy Blake. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand - no matter where in the world they live. Voice 1 Everyone has looked up into the sky at night. Everyone has seen stars in the night sky. But have you looked up and observed the mountains on the moon? Have you seen every planet that orbits the sun? Todays Spotlight is on a man who did this. He spent his whole life looking at the sky at night. He loved astronomy. He loved studying the moon, planets and stars. And he helped millions of other people enjoy it too. His name was Patrick Moore. Voice 2 Moore was born in 1923 in England. As a small boy he had a weak heart. He did not go to school. Instead, he learned at home. When he was six or seven years old his mother gave him a book. The book was about the planets. He read it from cover to cover. And he wanted to know more. He started to study the moon, planets and stars. He was excited by everything he learned. When he was only 11 years old, he even became a member of the British Astronomical Association. Voice 1 He was particularly interested in the moon. He used a telescope to study its surface. The telescope made everything look bigger and closer. He could see the detail of the surface of the moon clearly. He saw
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mountains. He also saw circle shaped craters. Objects hitting the moon make these craters. In this way he taught himself about the moon. He discovered many new things about it. When he was 13, he published a report about his discoveries. Voice 2 As Moore grew older he continued to learn more. He continued to study the moon and its mountains and craters. And he made special maps of what he saw on the moon. He did not do this as a job. He did it because he enjoyed doing it. He was an amateur. But many important people respected his research and his lunar maps. Voice 1 At this time no-one had travelled into space. But both the Soviet Union and the United States had space programmes. The people in these space programmes knew about Moore and his research. And both space programmes used his detailed lunar maps. Voice 2 In 1959 the Soviets launched the space rocket Lunik 3. It took the first pictures of the far side of the moon. The Soviets used Moores lunar maps to connect their pictures with images of the near side of the moon. Later the United States space programme NASA also used his detailed maps of the moon. The maps helped NASA scientists to plan their moon landings. Voice 1 So Moore played an important part in the early exploration of space. He also wanted to spread interest in astronomy. He wrote many popular books on the subject. But it was through television that he reached millions of people. He gave them an interest in astronomy. Voice 2 In 1957 the Soviets sent the first satellite, Sputnik I, into space. And in that same year Moore became the presenter of a BBC television programme. It was called The Sky at Night. Moore presented this television programme about space and astronomy for 55 years. This was until his death in 2012. Voice 1 Moore loved to communicate his subject. He was so excited about it that he would speak very fast and very loud. He was very tall and very large. He talked with knowledge and excitement about the moon and planets such as Mars, Venus, Saturn and Jupiter. He told people about comets, black holes, eclipses, meteors and far off stars and constellations. He made difficult things easy to understand. Voice 2 Moore was also interested in people. He talked to many scientists. He also met many astronauts who had gone into space. And some of them even appeared on The Sky at Night. He met the first man in space, the Russian Yuri Gagarin. He also met the first woman in space, the Russian Valentina Tereshkova. He also knew many of the American Apollo astronauts, including Neil Armstrong. Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon. He appeared on The Sky and Night programme and talked about the moon with Moore. Buzz Aldrin was the second man on the moon. He said that Moore helped people to understand the greatness of the Universe. Voice 1 Many people became excited about astronomy through Moore and The Sky at Night programme. Dr. Marek Kakula is the current Public Astronomer at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich in the United Kingdom. Kakula told the BBC that Moore had a big effect on the world of professional astronomy. He said: Voice 3 There are many trained astronomers like me who can date their interest in astronomy to watching Patrick on television.
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Voice 2 Moore did not just interest people in astronomy through his books and on television. He helped them develop their interest directly. He wrote letters of encouragement and support. He met people at events. And he even invited them to his home. There he shared his telescopes, his knowledge, and his food and drink. Brian May was one such person. May is part of the popular music group Queen. But he is also a scientist. He is an astrophysicist who studies the physics of the universe. May told the BBC: Voice 4 We all learned astronomy from Patrick Moore. We learned that kind of hunger and joy for knowledge that he had and shared with everybody. He lived and breathed his subject. And he shared it with everybody. He only lived to share his knowledge, his wealth and his time. Voice 1 Moore received many awards for his work during his life. He even received a knighthood from the Queen. So he became Sir Patrick Moore. But Moore always said that he was nothing more than an amateur. He was not a trained astronomer. He was somebody who did his work because he loved doing it. Voice 2 Do you enjoy doing something as an amateur? Do you tell other people about your interest? Share your experiences on our website http://www.radioenglish.net Voice 1 The writer of this programme was Shelagh Godwin. The producer was Nick Mangeolles. The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom. All quotes were adapted for this programme and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this programme again, and read it, on the internet at http://www.radioenglish.net This .programme is called, Patrick Moore, Astronomer. Voice 2 You can also leave your comments on our website. Or you can email us at radio@radioenglish.net. You can also find us on Facebook - just search for spotlightradio. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight programme. Goodbye.

PROGRAM 5582: New Dawn: Community Radio on Bougainville (Nuevo amanecer: Radio comunitaria en Bougainville) Escuchar o bajar el MP3 de este programa a tu computadora en este link: http://www.spotlightradio.net/media/player/downloadlo.php?program=5582 Voice 1 Welcome to Spotlight. Im Liz Waid. Voice 2 And Im Rena Dam. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand - no matter where in the world they live. Voice 3 "I am encouraged by what people do in difficult situations. Social change is a serious business. And New Dawn FM is about serious business." Voice 1 These are the words of Vice-chancellor Paul Greenfield at the University of Queensland, Australia. He spoke at an awards ceremony in 2009. The University gave the Communication and Social Change Award to New Dawn FM. Station manager Aloysius Laukai accepted the award, saying:

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Voice 4 "The crisis divided most of our people. We wanted to use freedom of expression to help bring people together after the conflict." Voice 2 Todays Spotlight is on New Dawn FM. New Dawn is a community radio station on the island of Bougainville. Bougainville is in the South Pacific Ocean, very close to the Solomon Islands. It is a part of the country of Papua New Guinea. But it has an independent local government. However, as Mr Laukai says, Bougainville has not always been peaceful. Voice 1 Over the years, many countries have occupied Bougainville. At the end of World War two, Australia ruled over Bougainville. It found that Bougainville was rich in copper, a useful metal. An Australian company dug the Panguna mine. There, the company removed the copper from the earth. Then they sold it. But the people of Bougainville did not get any money from the sale of the copper. Voice 2 Papua New Guinea became independent from Australia in 1975. Bougainville was now part of Papua New Guinea. But, the money from the Panguna mine still did not help Bougainville. Many people on Bougainville thought the Panguna copper mine was a problem. They wanted Papua New Guinea to fairly share the profits of the mine. They wanted to be independent from Papua New Guinea. Voice 1 In 1988 Bougainville began fighting against the government of Papua New Guinea. For ten years, there was violence in Bougainville. Over twenty thousand people were killed. Forty thousand people lost their homes. But, since 2001, there has been peace on the island. At that time, Papua New Guinea and Bougainville signed an agreement. And Bougainville has been autonomous since 2005. Much of their government is now independent from Papua New Guinea. Voice 2 Because of this conflict, Bougainville is not very developed. Many people on Bougainville do not have very good roads, electricity or communication systems. But many people have a radio! As a result, radio is one of the best ways to share important news. This gave Aloysius Laukai the idea of starting a community radio station. Voice 1 So in 2005 Mr. Laukai began New Dawn FM. It was not easy to start the radio station. It is not owned by any government. It is the work of a community doing something to help itself. Aloysuis Laukai tells Inter Press Service: Voice 4 Our biggest problem starting New Dawn FM was finance. We were just coming out of the crisis and we had no money. But we received some help through UNESCO and the German government. So we started the radio." Voice 2 New Dawn FM has three main kinds of programs: local events, community programs and programs about peace and reconciliation. For local events, New Dawn broadcasts programs about local weather, traffic and health. They also broadcast about local and national politics. Voice 1 In the recent election, New Dawn helped to share information. On New Dawns website, a listener named Peter Sepe writes: Voice 5 Thank you New Dawn. I am very happy. I would like to thank you for the update on election results in
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Bougainville. Without your daily news, the Bougainvilleans working in Australia and other countries will not know what is happening. Thank you New Dawn and Bougainville. Voice 2 New Dawn also brings people together through programs that build community. New Dawn aims to educate and empower people in Bougainville. For example, there are programs that give information about farming or health. One program is called Bougainville Women Today. This is a learning program for communities. It addresses womens health issues such as pregnancy in very young women or malaria. Voice 1 And Bougainvillians do not just listen to these New Dawn programs. They discuss and use the ideas and information. Aloysius Laukai explains one way that New Dawn involves the community: Voice 4 "We have established listeners clubs, like womens groups. They come and we design the programmes. Every time we broadcast a programme, we put it on a CD. And we send it out to these listeners clubs. Then they listen to them at their own place and at their own time." Voice 2 Bringing people together is a major aim of New Dawn FM. New Dawn has a special interest in reporting local reconciliation events. These build peace between people who were divided by the conflict. This is difficult to do after many years of fighting. But the people of Bougainville are trying to build a peaceful island. Mr. Laukai explains how New Dawn Radio is involved: Voice 4 We cover a lot of activities the government is doing for peace and reconciliation. If there is a happening, we broadcast from there to our listeners. Our aim is to make sure that North Bougainville understands what is happening in South Bougainville. Voice 1 This information brings more peace to people across the island of Bougainville. So far, New Dawn FM has had much success in this work. At times, the community does struggle to financially support New Dawn FM. But they continue to use radio to improve their community. Voice 2 The Communication and Social Change Award recognized the work of New Dawn FM. But there is an even greater award - the changes for people on Bougainville. People listen to New Dawn and learn about local events and community development. They are encouraged to work for peace and reconciliation. A listener named Paul brings this all together well - he writes on the New Dawn website: Voice 6 This is wonderful news to have a radio station - freedom of speech, a local voice, information for unity! I want to keep informed about the new life of Bougainville. Voice 1 The writer and producer of this program was Rena Dam. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program again, and read it, on the internet at http://www.radioenglish.net This .program is called, New Dawn: Community Radio on Bougainville. Voice 2 You can also leave your comments on our website. Or you can email us at radio@ radioenglish . net. You can also find us on Facebook [http://facebook.com/spotlightradio] - just search for spotlightradio. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.

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PROGRAM 5583: High Speed Trains (Los trenes de alta velocidad) Escuchar o bajar el MP3 de este programa a tu computadora en este link: http://www.spotlightradio.net/media/player/downloadlo.php?program=5583 Voice 1 Welcome to Spotlight. Im Robin Basselin. Voice 2 And Im Ryan Geertsma. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand - no matter where in the world they live. Voice 3 Monday morning in Tokyo, Japan. It is eight oclock in the morning. The Shinkansen express train is leaving for Osaka. It takes passengers out into the country. It makes the 560 kilometre trip in just two and half hours. Every day many passengers across the world travel like this. Today, millions of people use high speed trains. Soon, millions more will use them too. More and more countries are turning to high speed trains. They are a way to meet the growing transportation needs of the 21st century. Voice 1 These words begin a short film about high speed trains from the California state government. These are trains that travel much faster than normal trains. Some of them move at over 400 kilometres an hour! Todays Spotlight is on high speed trains. Voice 2 Many people think that high speed trains are the transportation of the future. There are double the high speed railways that there were even a few years ago. Japan, Germany, France, Spain and China have the most high speed railways. But there are plans for expanding the railways in the United States, Italy and Russia. Governments are starting new high speed railway systems in Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. Voice 1 Japan developed the first large system of high speed trains in 1964. This system of trains is called the Shinkansen. In English this word means new main line. Voice 2 Shinkansen trains are also called bullet trains. The trains are rounded like a bullet from a gun. Their sides are very smooth. Their front end is often pointed - as if they have a nose! This helps the trains move along their lines, or tracks, with great speed. The Shinkansen trains travel at over 200 kilometres per hour. Voice 1 Many people may be frightened to ride on such a fast train. But high speed trains are fun to ride! A man who lives in the city of Osaka describes it on the website Hubpages: Voice 4 Once you are on the train you can sit back and rest. While riding, train workers will bring drinks, snacks and meals. You can purchase these. The only other thing you should do is look out of the window. You could see the beautiful, snow covered Mount Fuji out of your window as you pass by. Voice 2 There are two main kinds of high speed trains. The first kind of high speed train is a magnetic levitation or mag-lev. This kind of train does not have a fuel engine. It uses electricity and magnetic power to move along at high speeds. This kind of train is easy to identify. It does not ride ON the track like other kinds of trains. It floats, or levitates, a few centimetres above the track. Voice 1 The only mag-lev train that carries passengers is in Shanghai, China. The Shanghai mag-lev train is the
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fastest passenger train in the world. It goes up to 430 kilometres per hour! It began service in 2004. It runs from the airport into the city of Shanghai. This trip is about 30 kilometres long. But it only takes the mag-lev train eight minutes! Voice 2 The other main kind of high speed train is not as fast as the mag-lev train. But it is more common. These high speed trains use the same tracks that traditional trains use. But they are designed to go much faster. The Shinkansen in Japan is this kind of train. The TGV train is also this kind of train. The TGV opened in 1981. It is a popular high speed train that is based in France. It can go up to 320 kilometers per hour. Voice 1 But the Shinkansen, TGV and mag-lev in Shanghai are all similar in one way. They are all owned by the government. In Italy, the new high speed rail line, NTV, is private. Individuals and companies own it, instead of the government. The leading businessman of NTV is Luca di Montezemolo. He is also the chairman of the famous car company Ferrari. Di Montezemolo hopes that the train will be good for the Italian economy and for travellers. Voice 2 The new NTV trains in Italy are red, smooth and shiny. They look a bit like Ferrari sports cars! But they are better for the environment than driving cars. Many people can travel in them at one time. This saves space and fuel. Trains also create less air pollution than cars. And a railway track takes up much less space than a large road for cars. Voice 1 High speed rail also has advantages over travelling by airplane. Airports must usually be away from big cities. This leaves enough room for the airplane to land. Trains do not need as much space. This is how the maglev train can reach into the city of Shanghai. It is faster and easier for passengers in the city to get to a train station than an airport. Voice 2 And, of course, high speed rail is fast! High speed rail travel is faster than travelling by car or bus. But it can also be just as fast as travelling by airplane. Before riding on an airplane, passengers spend a lot of time waiting. Airplane travel also requires passengers to go through more security. Voice 1 Finally, travelling by train can be safer than travelling in a car or by airplane. In fifty years, the Shinkansen in Japan has never had an accident! Voice 2 Safety, environment and time are all reasons why high speed trains are popular. Many people think that high speed rail may soon be the most important transportation. Todays program ends with news from the British Telegraph newspaper about one exciting new international project: Voice 5 China is talking about building a high-speed railway to India and Europe. It would take ten years or more to complete this international high speed railway. Passengers could get on a train in London and step off in Beijing in just two days. This is over 8000 kilometres away. This railway would bring together the whole of Central, East and South East Asia. Voice 1 The writer and producer of this program was Rena Dam. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program again, and read it, on the internet at http://www.radioenglish.net. This program is called, High Speed Trains.
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Voice 2 You can leave your comments on our website. Or you can email us at radio@radioenglish.net. You can also find us on Facebook - just search for spotlightradio. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.

PROGRAM 5584: Traveling with Mobile Telephones (Viajar con telfonos mviles) Escuchar o bajar el MP3 de este programa a tu computadora en este link: http://www.spotlightradio.net/media/player/downloadlo.php?program=5584 Voice 1 Welcome to Spotlight. Im Robin Basselin. Voice 2 And Im Colin Lowther. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. Voice 1 A group of friends are visiting the city of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. They are walking along a path near a sand beach of the ocean. The path is made of many small stones. These stones are many different colors and sizes. And together they create designs. In Rio de Janeiro, it is common to see mosaics like this in paths. Voice 2 As the friends walk, they notice an unusual mosaic. It is a square shaped design. And the stones are only two colors - black and white. This may be an unusual mosaic. But one of the friends clearly recognizes the design. He takes out his mobile telephone. He holds the telephones camera over the square mosaic. And a special program on his telephone reads the black and white design. Information appears on his telephone. It is information about the beach they are visiting. The mosaic in the path is a QR code. Todays Spotlight is on how the travel industry is using QR codes to improve visitor experiences. Voice 1 Every year, 2 to 3 million people from around the world visit Rio de Janeiro. Visitors travel to Rio de Janeiro to experience new things and learn about Brazils history and culture. But many people do not speak the local language. This can affect their experience. It can be difficult for them to read signs. And this can make it difficult for them to learn about and enjoy the places they are visiting. Voice 2 For a long time, visitors have traveled with guide books. They read these books and learn information about the places they visit. Other travelers go to visitor centers. These buildings have a lot of information about an area. And often, there are workers that speak many different languages. For many travelers, these resources work fine. But they are not always easy to find or use. Voice 1 So, in 2013, Rio de Janeiro decided to try something new. They began using Quick Response codes or QR codes. This technology lets the city share lots of information with its visitors. And they can do it quickly, at a low cost and in the travelers own language. Rio de Janeiro is not the only city that has started to use QR codes. Cities in many countries, like England, Wales, and Korea, have also begun using QR codes to help travelers. Voice 2 QR codes are square images made of two opposite colors - usually black and white. There is one large square image with four smaller squares in it. The smaller squares are in the four different corners of the QR code image. The rest of the large square contains many even smaller squares or dots. Every QR code design is unique
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or different. And the designs are organized to store information - like words, numbers or links to Internet websites. Voice 1 To read a QR code, a person needs a mobile telephone with a camera. The camera can scan or read any QR code. And a special program on the telephone translates the information stored in the code. Then, the information appears on the telephone. Voice 2 Cities are placing these QR codes in areas that are popular with visitors. They hope that travelers can learn more about the famous and important parts of their cities. QR codes store a lot of information. So, they can give visitors more information than a normal sign. Voice 1 And using QR codes costs the cities very little money. In many cases, cities can develop QR codes for free. The main cost is for making the QR code signs. Cities must pay for materials and for workers to place the signs at the popular visitor areas. Voice 2 Gibraltar is another place that uses QR code technology to help visitors. Millions of people visit the British territory of Gibraltar every year. They come to see the great Rock of Gibraltar. They want to learn all about the long history of this natural wonder. However, many visitors to Gibraltar do not know the local languages - English and Spanish. So Gibraltar uses their QR codes to offer visitors information in many languages. Roger Bamkin helped Gibraltar with its QR code project. He talked to the BBC news organization. He explained how this technology helps foreign visitors. Voice 3 "By scanning QR codes around them, visitors will be able to learn about the place they are visiting. The description will be written in their own language. And it will be a description written by someone who speaks that language. Voice 1 In Rio de Janeiro, the city placed its first QR code at Arpoador. This large rock is at the end of the famous Ipanema Beach. When a visitor uses their telephone to scan the Arpoador QR code, it takes their telephone to an Internet website. The website shows them a map of the area. They can also read about how the Arpoador rock got its name. And they can learn many other interesting facts about the beach. Voice 2 Diego Fortunato is a 25 year old visitor to Ipanema Beach. After scanning the QR code with his telephone, he told the Associated Press, Voice 4 Look, there is a little map. It even shows you where we are. Rio does not always have information for those who do not know the city. It is something the city needs. It is something the city has been lacking." Voice 1 Rio de Janeiro has worked hard to combine this new technology with old tradition. By creating the QR codes in paths, they honor the local tradition of path mosaics. By the end of 2013, Rio de Janeiro plans to have 30 QR codes throughout the city. It hopes that this will help visitors learn and enjoy the city even more. Voice 2 Fabricia Rosa works with the Rio de Janeiro QR code project. She believes the QR code is not just good for visitors, but also for the people of the city. She told the Epoch Times, Voice 5 It is a gift to the city that will last a long time. It is not only for visitors so that they can understand a
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little about the important memorials of the city. But it is also for the citizens of Rio. They may not know the history of that place. And this way, they can learn about it right there, very fast. With the new technology, everyone has a way of getting information. Voice 1 The writer of this program was Courtney Schutt. The producer was Mark Drenth. The voices you heard were from the the United Kingdom and the United States. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program again and read it on the Internet at http://www.radioenglish.net This .program is called, Traveling with Mobile Telephones. Voice 2 We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.

PROGRAM 5585: Women Speaking Truth (Mujeres hablando la verdad) Escuchar o bajar el MP3 de este programa a tu computadora en este link: http://www.spotlightradio.net/media/player/downloadlo.php?program=5585 Voice 1 Welcome to Spotlight. Im Robin Basselin. Voice 2 And Im Liz Waid. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. Voice 1 A woman sits in a court room. Her heart beats very fast. She is worried. Court officials ask her many questions. The questions are about something bad that happened to her. It is very hard for her to talk about this experience. But the woman tells her story. She was raped. And the man who forced her to have sex was a soldier. Voice 2 After the trial, the woman talked with the PBS news organization. She said: Voice 3 I was not feeling shame. I was really proud and full of strength. I looked him in the eye. Why is he not the one who is feeling shame? I wanted to prove that I had survived. I wanted to tell what had happened. Voice 1 This woman is called Witness 99. She is a Muslim who survived the Bosnian War. She is one of 16 women who spoke to the Yugoslav War Crimes Tribunal. Todays Spotlight is about the women from this tribunal. Voice 2 In 1991, the country of Yugoslavia had recently split into several smaller countries. There was fighting in a lot of these smaller countries, especially in the area called Bosnia. During this fighting, women were held in prison camps. Voice 1 One of these camps for women was in Foca. Foca is a small town in Bosnia. The soldiers made the women stay in a prison near the middle of the town. One woman told PBS how her time in the prison began, Voice 4 They said we should get ready. There was a truck waiting in front of the school. They did not tell us where we were going and we did not ask. We could not say anything.

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Voice 1 Another woman told about how they were treated in the prison, Voice 5 They would come in and call us names. They would tell us that we Muslims were getting what we deserved. Voice 2 Soldiers raped many of the women in these camps. Rape was used as a weapon of war. Voice 1 After the Bosnian war, women from the prison camps were asked to speak to the Yugoslav War Crimes Tribunal. The tribunal was at The Hague in the Netherlands. Sometimes it is difficult for national courts to bring justice for war crimes. So, an international legal trial or tribunal is used. And the United Nations enforces the law and decisions of the tribunal. Voice 2 The legal advisors and judges in the Yugoslav tribunal came from countries all over the world. People from the United States, Germany, Nepal, and Great Britain all came to help. Voice 1 The Yugoslav tribunal was the first international war tribunal since World War II. The tribunal after World War II was called Nuremberg. It was to punish Nazis for the crimes of the Holocaust. But almost no women were at the Nuremberg trial. Peggy Kuo, a legal advisor or lawyer from the United States, told PBS: Voice 6 If you look at the pictures of Nuremberg, it is almost all men... In that environment, women are not given a chance to be a part of the process - not even as a witness, in many cases. Voice 1 But the Yugoslav tribunal was different. Women were at the center of it. The trial started with three men who were head of the womens prison camp in Foca, Bosnia. The tribunal charged the men with rape as a war crime. And the women had to speak about what happened. Voice 2 Wendy Lobwein is an Australian lawyer. She talked to the International Criminal Court about the women at the tribunal. She said: Voice 7 Witnesses come for four main reasons. They come to speak for the dead. Or they come to look for justice now. Or they want the world to know the truth. Or they hope that such crime can be prevented in the future. Voice 1 Encouraging the women to speak was not easy. For many of the women, speaking at the tribunal was very hard. It meant sitting in the same room with the men who raped them. It meant that the world knew all about their lives. It meant that they had to answer a lot of questions about private things. The tribunal was very public. People all around the world knew about it and were watching. Voice 2 People also threatened the women. These people did not think the women should speak. They did not believe the women. They thought the women should not try to punish the men. So, the women were afraid of what might happen to them if they did speak. Voice 1 The people at the tribunal did everything they could to protect the women. The tribunal did not release their names. They called them by a number instead of their name. When the trial was talked about on the news, the women were called by their numbers. No pictures of the women were released. Even their voices were
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changed. Only the people in the court could see the witnesses. Refir Hodzic is a writer who reported on the trial. He talked with PBS about the womens stories: Voice 8 It was about the truth. It was about all of us knowing what happened. But the women paid the price. Let us not forget this. This truth was not said in a private doctors office, where they could know that no one else would know. It was said in a public place. We can try to believe that their identities were protected... But in their communities, everyone knew who spoke. It was a pure act of heroism, especially because no one could know what would happen in the end. Voice 2 At the end of the trial, the men charged with these war crimes were found guilty. They were sentenced to many years in prison. Voice 1 The tribunal brought justice for the war crimes. But it also had another effect. The women who spoke at the Yugoslav tribunal changed the lives of women everywhere. They talked and the world listened. And their stories are helping other women around the world share their similar stories of struggle. Witness 99 told PBS: Voice 3 I was happy to be able to say what had happened to me. I was happy to say who had done this to me and my people. I feel like I did my duty. I had come to look him in the face. I came to speak. Voice 2 The writer of this program was Dianna Anderson. The producer was Mark Drenth. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. All quotes were adapted and voiced by Spotlight. You can find our programs on the internet at http://www.radioenglish.net. This program is called Women Speaking Truth. Voice 1 We hope you can join us for our next Spotlight Program. Goodbye.

You can hear Spotlight En Ecuador HCJB FM lunes a viernes a las 20h30 Quito 89.3, Manab 92.5, Esmeraldas 98.3 y Tungurahua 96.1. HCJB AM 690 y 6050 kHz regional, lunes a viernes a las 22h30. HCJB-2 FM lunes a viernes a las 21h00 Guayas/Los Ros 102.5 y El Oro 94.7. Radio Ondas de Esperanza, 94.3 FM, Provincia de Loja, lunes a viernes a las 19h30. Radio Shalom, 104.9 FM, Provincia de Morona Santiago, lunes a viernes a las 18h45. La Voz de Los Caras, Provincia de Manab, 95.3 FM, lunes a viernes a las 19h30. Romina FM, Provincia de Manab, 101.7 FM, lunes a viernes a las 14h00. Radio Visin Cristiana Internacional, 1330 AM, Provincia de Azuay, lunes a viernes a las 13h00. Radio Encuentro, 100.3 FM en la pennsula de Guayas, 19h15, lunes a viernes, y en la Provincia de El Oro a la misma hora en 100.9 FM. Radio Punto, 1130 AM, Provincia de Imbabura, a las 19h15, lunes a viernes. Radio Interocenica, en la Regin Amaznica en 96.5 FM (Napo) y 103.5 FM (Pastaza), a las 19h15, lunes a viernes. En Venezuela
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Radio ALAS 100.1 FM, San Fernando de Apure, lunes a viernes a las 19h45. En Per Radio El Sembrador 105.1 FM, Tacna, lunes a viernes a las 22h30. En los Estados Unidos... ...Radio KNOG 91.1 FM (Nogales y Phoenix), 100.1 FM (Nogales, Tucson) y 102.7 FM (Tucson); lunes a viernes a las 22h00. En Espaa Radio Vida 95.1 FM, La Lnea de la Concepcin, Cdiz, lunes a viernes a las 12h00 y 17h30. En Onda Corta para Amrica Latina WRMI, Radio Miami Internacional, mircoles a las 18h45 hora local de Quito, 2345 UTC, en 9955 kHz (banda de 31 metros). Si no aparece el horario de transmisin de tu emisora local, envanoslo por favor a la siguiente direccin: ingles@hcjb.org. Dnos el nombre de la emisora, la frecuencia, la hora de transmisin, la ciudad y el pas. Muchas gracias.

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