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Iron Box Principle: It converts electrical energy into heat energy.

It consist of a heating coil which gets heated and expanded when current passes through it viz thermostat. Thermostat acts as a switch and ,when the allowable temperature is reached it cuts of the current passes through it.

Water Heater: The dip tube feeds cold water from your home's water lines to the bottom of the tank's interior, where the water starts to warm up. The heating mechanism, either a burner or an element, stays on until the water reaches temperature. As the water heats, it rises to the top of the tank. The heat-out pipe is located near the top of the tank. Water exiting the water heater at the top is always the hottest in the tank at any given moment because it's the nature of hot water to rise above denser, cold water.

Refrigerator A refrigerator (fridge) will comprise of a circular path through which the volatile liquid can move cyclically. A volatile liquid means a liquid that vaporises fastly. The fluid starts its journey from a chamber and it reached near the space where food is kept. It vaporises by absorbing latent heat from the food chamber. Thus the food chamber gets cooled. The vaporised fluid moves in a circular way and reaches a compressor. The compresson converts the vapour back into liquid. The fluid then again circulates. Since all of this takes place fastly, the food chamber will remain cool anytime. The conventional fluid used in refrigerator is freon (I think so, doesn't remember accurately). Some use liquified oxygen as well.

Fan electric fan works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. There are two parts of this one is stator and other is rotar.induction machine are ac machines. Stator is given single phase ac voltage which produces sinuosoidal flux and emf is induced in the rotar and acc to lenz law current flows in a direction so as to oppose the cause that has

produced effect in this case it rotates in similar direction as that of sinuosoidal field and rotar rotates so blades attached to it also rotates and we get cool air.

Air Conditioner This is how the evaporation cycle in an air conditioner works. The compressor compresses cool Freon gas, causing it to become hot, high-pressure Freon gas. This hot gas runs through a set of coils so it can dissipate its heat, and it condenses into a liquid The Freon liquid runs through an expansion valve, and in the process it evaporates to become cold, low-pressure Freon gas This cold gas runs through a set of coils that allow the gas to absorb heat and cool down the air inside the building.

Microwave Oven A microwave oven uses microwaves to heat food. Microwaves are radio waves. In the case of microwave ovens, the commonly used radio wave frequency is roughly 2,500 megahertz (2.5 gigahertz). Radio waves in this frequency range have an interesting property : they are absorbed by water, fats and sugars. When they are absorbed they are converted directly into atomic motion and motion is converted into heat. Microwaves in this frequency range have another interesting property: they are not absorbed by most plastics, glass or ceramics. And metal reflects microwaves, which is why metals cause spark in a microwave oven. The reason that metal reflects microwaves is that no electronic waves resident in inside of conductor because conductors conductivity is infinity as we studied in our course. The property in this paragraph is possible because the frequency 2,500 megahertz is resonance frequency of water.

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