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conceito
Atipograa(do gregotypos "forma" egraphein "escrita") aartee oprocessode criao na composio de umtexto, fsica ou digitalmente.
Fonte: http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipograa
O que signica
Tipograa trata da impresso dos tipos. Tipologia o estudo da formao dos tipos.
O termo tipo o desenho de uma determinada famlia de letras como por exemplo: verdana, futura, arial, etc.
Objetivo da tipograa
Fazer com que o layout nal tenha uma atmosfera ou ressonncia apropriada ao contedo apresentado.
Alguns fatores que despertam o interesse visual escolha adequada de fontes tipogrcas; composio (ou layout) de texto; sensibilidade para o tom do texto; e relao entre texto e os elementos grcos na pgina.
Tipos de tipograa
Leitura contnua ou Longa durabilidade Efmera ou De impacto
Histria
blTKQr
Haste Bojo Serifa Perna Cauda Garamond, 200 pt.
Wednesday, May 20, 2009
Barra
Gancho
Garamond, 200 pt
Famlia de letras
Famlias de letras
As letras classicam-se de acordo com elementos grcos marcantes que as distinguem. Assim:
Famlias de letras
Famlias de letras
Famlias de letras
Alinhamentos
Justicado
todas as linhas tm o mesmo comprimento e so alinhadas tanto a esquerda quanto a direita. as linhas tm diferentes comprimentos e so todas alinhadas direita e irregulares a esquerda. as linhas tm diferentes comprimentos e so todas alinhadas esquerda e irregulares a direita.
Alinhado a direita
Alinhado a esquerda
Assimtrica
Centralizada
largura de uma coluna de texto chama!se medi largura de uma coluna de texto chama!se med As linhas criadas dentro da coluna ajudam o olho As linhas criadas dentro da coluna ajudam o olho seguir o texto e a sua largura deve ser combinada seguir o texto e a sua largura deve ser combinada o corpo de letra e a entrelinha de forma a facilita o corpo de letra e a entrelinha de forma a facilita viagem largura uma coluna de texto dode olho de linha para linha. viagem do olho de linha para linha.
Medida
As linhas criadas dentro da coluna ajudam o olho a seguir o texto e a sua largura deve ser combinada com o corpo de letra e a entrelinha de forma a facilitar a viagem do olho de linha para linha.
As armas e os Bares assinalados As armas e os Bares assinalados que da ocidental praia Lusitana, que da ocidental praia Lusitana, por mares nunca dantes por mares nunca dantes navegados, passaram ainda alm navegados, passaram ainda alm da Taprobana. da Taprobana. Medida Medida
f fo fo fo fo
Permite o encaixe de outras letras que caso contrrio cariam demasiado afastadas visualmente
Kern
Kern Kern
par depar letras tem o seu kerning definido na fonte Cada Cada par de letras tem o seu kerning definido na fonte Cada de letras tem o seu kerning denido na fonte digital, mas por vezes necessrios ajustes manuais, digital, mas por vezes so so necessrios ajustes manuais, digital, mas por vezes so necessrios ajustes manuais, sobretudo em tamanhos grandes. sobretudo em tamanhos grandes. sobretudo em tamanhos grandes.
correto incorreto
CorrectoCorrecto
Incorrecto Incorrecto
Espaamento
entre palavras.
(1/2)
Espaamento
(2/2)
NUNCA!
Entrelinha ou leading
A entrelinha o espao colocado entre duas linhas de texto. O ingls leading vem das tiras de chumbo (lead) que eram usadas para este efeito.
Espaamento entrelinha
ou Leading, o espao colocado entre duas linhas de texto. vem tiras de chumbo (lead) que medida da Leading entrelinha das igual ao corpo mais o espao eram usadas para este efeito.
Relaes
O espao entre linhas deve ser opticamente maior do 12px 24px que o espao entre palavras. Isto no significa uma entrelinha enorme, opticamente a palavra chave. O espao entre linhas deve ser opticamente maior do que o espao entre palavras. Isto no signica uma Fontes com altura de x menor, requerem entrelinha, como entrelinha enorme, opticamente menos a palavra chave. o caso da maioria das fontes serifadas. Georgia uma clara excepo: apesar de serifada, tem uma altura de x grande.
Linhas compridas requerem maior entrelinha e um corpo de letra maior. (medida com 54 caracteres)
Linhas curtas requerem uma entrelinha menor e tambm um corpo de letra menor. O objectivo manter o movimento do olho horizontal, no o deixando torna!se vertical.
10 regras bsicas
Regra 2 Os ttulos devem ser maiores que o corpo do texto e estar acima deste
hierarquia visual importante para comunicar claramente
Regra 3 O texto principal deve ser legvel para o meio em que aplicado
A distncia de leitura um dos fatores mais importantes
Recomendaes
Alinhamento
Evitar alinhamento centralizado em textos longos. O excesso de espao branco nas laterais tende a fazer a pessoa se perder.
Contraste
Evitar tipo claro em fundo claro, ou tipo escuro em fundo escuro. Texto para ser lido! Para impressos, o melhor sempre letra preta no papel branco. De qualquer maneira, contraste sempre.
Serifas
ltimas dicas ltimas dicas ideal para livros, material impresso Melhor para Web, monitor
theory is abranch developing branch of theoretical String theoryString is a developing of theoretical physics that physics that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into a quantum combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into a quantum theory of strings gravity.of The strings of string theory are one-dimensional theory of gravity. The string theory are one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer considered fundamental to the oscillating lines, but they are no longer considered fundamental to the theory, can be formulated in terms of points or surfaces too. theory, which can bewhich formulated in terms of points or surfaces too. Since its birth as the dual resonance model which Since its birth as the dual resonance model which described thedescribed the strongly interacting hadrons as strings, the term string strongly interacting hadrons as strings, the term string theory has theory has changed toof include any a group of relatedtheories superstring theories which changed to include any a group ofof related superstring which unite them. One shared property of all these theories is the unite them. One shared property of all these theories is the holographic holographic principle. theory in itself comes in many different formulations, principle. String theoryString itself comes many different formulations, each one with a different mathematical structure, and each best each one with a different mathematical structure, and each best describing different physical circumstances. But the principles shared describing different physical circumstances. But the principles shared by these their approaches, their mutual logical and consistency, and the fact that by these approaches, mutual logical consistency, the fact that some of them easily include the standard model of particle some of them easily include the standard model of particle physics, has physics, has led many tothe believe that led many physicists to physicists believe that theory is the theory correctis the correct fundamental description of nature. In particular, fundamental description of nature. In particular, string theory string is the theory rst is the rst for theory ofaeverything, a way tothe describe all the known candidate forcandidate the theory ofthe everything, way to describe all known natural forces (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak and strong natural forces (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions) and matter (quarks and leptons) in a mathematically interactions) and matter (quarks and leptons) in a mathematically complete system. complete system. Many detractors criticize theory because Many detractors criticize string theory string because it has not yetit has not yet provided experimental quantitative experimental predictions. Like any other provided quantitative predictions. Like any other quantum theory gravity,believed it is widely that testing the theory quantum theory of gravity, it of is widely thatbelieved testing the theory directly by experiment would require prohibitively expensive feats of directly by experiment would require prohibitively expensive feats of Whether there are stringent tests of engineering. engineering. Whether there are stringent indirect tests indirect of the theory is the theory is not yet known. not yet known.
Serifas impresso, serifas Serifas parapara impresso, sem sem serifas parapara cr cr
String theory is a developing branch of theoretical physics String theory is a developing branch of theoretical physics that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into quantum theory The of gravity. strings of string a quantuma theory of gravity. strings The of string theory are theory are one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer fundamental to the theory, which can be considered considered fundamental to the theory, which can be terms of points or surfaces too. formulatedformulated in terms of in points or surfaces too. Since its birth the dual model resonance model which Since its birth as the dualas resonance which described the strongly interacting hadrons as strings, the described the strongly interacting hadrons as strings, the term string theory has changed to include any term string theory has changed to include any of a group of a group of related superstring theories which unite One shared related superstring theories which unite them. One them. shared property all these theories is the holographic property of all theseof theories is the holographic principle. principle. String theory itself comes in many different formulations, String theory itself comes in many different formulations, each with a different mathematical structure, each one with a one different mathematical structure, and each and each best different describing different physical circumstances. But the best describing physical circumstances. But the principles shared by these approaches, their mutual logical principles shared by these approaches, their mutual logical consistency, and the fact that some of them easily include the consistency, and the fact that some of them easily include the standard model physics, of particle physics, has led many physicists to standard model of particle has led many physicists to believe that the theory is the correct fundamental believe that the theory is the correct fundamental ofparticular, nature. In string particular, string theory descriptiondescription of nature. In theory is the first is the first candidate for the theory of everything, a way to candidate for the theory of everything, a way to describe alldescribe all known natural forces (gravitational, electromagnetic, the known the natural forces (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions) matter (quarks and weak and strong interactions) and matterand (quarks and leptons) in a mathematically complete system. leptons) in a mathematically complete system. Many criticize detractors criticize string theory because Many detractors string theory because it has not it has not yet provided quantitative experimental predictions. yet provided quantitative experimental predictions. Like any Like any other quantum theory it ofisgravity, is widely believed that other quantum theory of gravity, widely it believed that testing the theory directly by experiment would require testing the theory directly by experiment would require prohibitively expensive feats of engineering. Whether there prohibitively expensive feats of engineering. Whether there are stringent indirect of the theory is not yet known. are stringent indirect tests of thetests theory is not yet known.
Serifas Unidades
Em tipografia utilizam!se trs unidades de medida*: Existem 3 unidades de media em tipograa Ponto Pica Em
Usado sobretudo para medir corpo de letra e entrelinha. Usado sobretudo para medir comprimento de linha, margens, grelhas. Medida relativa usada sobretudo para medir espaos e indentaes.
Para ser tecnicamente correcto: Uma pica escreve!se 1p0 (1 pica e 0 pontos); 1 ponto escreve!se 0p1. Etc.
dafont.com
www.fontsquirrel.com
Referncias e links
http://www.nitrodesign.com/designforlife