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Background Briefing: Vietnam-United States Strategic Partnership Carlyle A. Thayer March 13, 2013

[client name deleted] Q1. Have you heard anything about the Vietnam-US strategic partnership agreement? Are they negotiating now? What ministries are negotiating on this? And when do they plan to sign the agreement? Do you know the content of the US-Viet Nam strategic partnership agreement? What is the US asking Vietnam to satisfy? And what is Vietnam asking from the US? Diplomatic sources are speculating that the US is putting pressure on Vietnam and have asked Vietnam to make concessive on human right issues if Viet Nam wants to sign the agreement with the US. ANSWER: The U.S. Department of State and Vietnams Ministry of Foreign Affairs are the principal interlocutors. US-Vietnam discussions/negotiations on a strategic partnership have resumed. They stalled nearly two years ago when the US insisted on a separate article on human rights and Vietnam insisted that human rights be included in an article dealing generally with political relations. Since the talks stalled, the human rights situation in Vietnam has gotten worse. The US put a new proposal on the table early this year and Vietnam, after taking some time, has finally responded. President Truong Tan Sang will go to China and Vietnam is trying to arrange for him to visit the United States. Vietnam is also pressing for a visit by Secretary John Kerry and even President Obama later in the year. If things go well a US-Vietnam strategic partnership could be announced during one of these high level visits. Straws in the wind: Vietnam has released two high profile dissidents in recent months and permitted Amnesty International to make a visit. This is a start at addressing U.S. human rights concerns. Vietnam is poised to make its first contribution to UN peacekeeping and is negotiating with the U.S. for finance to build a peacekeeping training centre in Vietnam. Vietnam is faced with meeting all the legal and technical requirements for such U.S. support. Q2. Do you know when President Truong Tan Sang will go to China ?

2 The timing of President Sangs visit has not been announced. The discussions on Sang's visit to China were to take advantage of Xi Jinping's formally becoming president of China at the recent session of the National People's Congress. Q3. have you heard anything about President Sang's visit to the US? When will he visit the US? It is Vietnam that would like President Sang to visit the US to balance his visit to China. Vietnam has been pressing for high-level visit for over a year. There was a set back after the US pulled out of the human rights dialogue in December last year; but these have now been rescheduled for next month. There will have to be considerable progress on the strategic partnership for President Sang to visit the US. Suggested citation: Carlyle A. Thayer, Vietnam-United States Strategic Partnership, Thayer Consultancy Background Brief, March 13, 2013. Thayer Consultancy Background Briefs are archived at Scribd.com

3 40 years after flight to freedom, McCain urges Vietnam reforms 14 Mar 2013 22:35 GMT http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323826704578356004118901318. html By John McCain Forty years ago on March 14, my fellow prisoners of war in North Vietnam and I, dressed in cheap civilian clothes that had been provided to the 108 of us for the occasion, boarded buses for Gia Lam airport on the outskirts of Hanoi. A big green American C-141 airlifter was waiting there to fly us to Clark Air Force Base in the Philippines. At the airport, we lined up in formation according to our shoot-down date, and we tried to maintain a military bearing as cameras whirred and clicked and a noisy crowd of Vietnamese observed us. American and Vietnamese officers sat at a table, each holding a list of prisoners. When it was time for a prisoner to step forward, representatives from both militaries called out his name. They called my name, and I took a few steps toward the table and saluted. A U.S. naval officer returned my salute, smiled and shook my hand, and escorted me across the tarmac and up the ramp into the plane. I made the trip with two of my closest friends, Air Force officers Bud Day and Bob Craner, whose example and encouragement I had relied on for over five years. A few minutes into the flight, the pilot announced that we were "feet wet," which meant we were now flying over the Tonkin Gulf and were in international air space. Everyone cheered. I doubt that any of us expected we would ever return to the country we had yearned to leave for so long. It was hard to say goodbye to each other at Clark, and our farewells were very emotional. We made promises to stay in frequent contact, which we would do over the years, until death began to thin our ranks. There were no mixed emotions, however, as we took our leave of Vietnam, and no desire to renew the acquaintance in the future. As it turned out, I would return to Vietnam. I've been back many times since the end of the war. It's a beautiful country, and the Vietnamese are welcoming hosts. Most of my visits have been for official business: accounting for American POW/MIAs, helping to facilitate the normalization of relations between our countries, and promoting a future relationship that will serve both countries' interests. I've made friendships with people who were once my enemies. I've become fond of a place I once detested. I am pleased that America and Vietnam have made so much progress in building a productive, mutually beneficial relationship in the wreckage of a war that was a tragedy for both our peoples. Today, old grievances are being replaced by new hopes. Increasing numbers of Americans visit Vietnam every year -- including three U.S.

4 presidents while in office -- drawn to the country's spectacular natural beauty and friendly people. Bilateral trade is more than 80 times greater than it was in 1994, when the U.S. lifted its trade embargo. This has benefited the people of both countries and enabled millions of Vietnamese to lift themselves out of poverty. Similarly, the two countries' defense relationship has evolved to an extent that was simply unimaginable even a decade ago. Our militaries exercise together, and Cam Ranh Bay is again a port of call for the U.S. Navy. Indeed, the USS John McCain, a Navy destroyer named after my father and grandfather, recently made a port visit into Danang, which shows that if you live long enough, anything is possible. And yet, when it comes to the values that Americans hold dear -- freedom, human rights and the rule of law -- our highest hopes for Vietnam still remain largely just hopes. The government in Hanoi still imprisons and mistreats peaceful dissidents, journalists, bloggers, and ethnic and religious minorities for political reasons. It still maintains sweeping laws, such as Article 88, that give the state nearly unlimited power over its citizens. The government still hasn't taken modest actions that could put Vietnam squarely on the right side of internationally recognized human rights, such as ratifying and implementing the Convention Against Torture. In a positive recent step, the Vietnamese government has begun a dialogue with Amnesty International and suggested that Vietnam may finally reform its constitution to better protect civil and political rights for it citizens. I sincerely hope so -- for while great relationships can be built on the basis of common interests, as the U.S.-Vietnam one is now, the best and most enduring partnerships always rest on a foundation of shared values. In this challenge, as in every other challenge that the two countries have overcome together, I intend to remain Vietnam's dedicated friend. Our countries had a difficult and heartbreaking past. But they didn't bind themselves to that past, and they are now traveling the road from reconciliation to true friendship. This promising prospect is among the biggest and most satisfying surprises of my life, one that I expect will astonish me more in the years ahead. ENDS