PT12

EMP2506

M.S. RAMAIAH SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDIES - Bengaluru

Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programme [PEMP] Department Course Batch Module Code Module Title Module Leader Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Electrical Machines and Power Engineering

PT 12 EMP2506 Power Electronics in Power System Engineering Thejaswini R

Assignment

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: 1. The Assignment consists of three parts 2. Part A is for 30 Marks, Part B for 35 Marks, Part C for 35 Marks 3. The Assignment should be neatly word processed 4. The Assignment should not exceed more than 35 Pages 5. The last date for Assignment submission is 25th May 2013 6. All the units of measurement wherever applicable should be SI Units only 7. The evaluation will be based on your report. You are encouraged to discuss with the module leader before making of your report. 8. You are encouraged to discuss the problem with your colleagues and faculty members. However the report submitted by each individual should be unique and you should be in a position to answer any queries. 9. Any missing data should be suitably assumed.

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April 2013

Assignment Objective: This module Power electronics in power system is an application of power electronics to power system.It deals with design, modeling, development and simulation of analog and digital power electronics control ., computation and integration of nonlinear, time varying energy processing electronic systems with fast dynamics. In this module, the students are taught analysis of power converters and its applications, power electronic control of electrical machines and power electronic controllers is emphasized. The students will be exposed to Digital Power electronics which, a fresh theory and novel research method. This assignment is framed with an intention to simulate electric drives for different applications and appreciate the importance of power electronics in power systems in the near future. This assignment is intended to appreciate the importance of power convertors in power systems The assignment is divided into three parts. Part A is report on application of power electronics in photovoltaic module . Part B is Modeling, design and Development of DC Drive, Part- C is test simulations at fixed steps using a discretized system ,implemented in part B.

PART A (30 marks) Introduction Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems require installation of some type of power electronics to control the flow of energy within the system. For a discussion around power electronics, the system types can be generalized as grid-direct and battery-based. Grid-direct systems refer to those that do not incorporate energy storage and use power electronics, typically referred to as inverters, to connect the PV array to the electric utility grid. The electric utility grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is an important technology for future renewable energy applications.. Solar micro-inverters convert direct current (DC) from a single solar panel to alternating current (AC). The key feature of a micro-inverter is not its small size or power rating, but its one-to-one control over a single panel and its mounting on the panel or near it which allows it to isolate and tune the output of that panel Micro-inverters have become common where array sizes are small and maximizing performance from every panel is a concern. The design of a high-efficiency grid-connected inverter that delivers power to the grid with low total harmonic distortion (THD) and high power factor (PF) is required.

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Problem Statement The main trends of the power electronics used in PV applications are due to the high demand for renewable energy sources applications, there is a continuing research for improving the total efficiency of these applications and by improving each electronic part included. As far as the PV systems are concerned the inverters efficiency is continuously improving and ways to minimize the weight of the devices are tested so as to decrease transportation costs and ease the installation. Moreover, the power and voltage range of the string and central inverters is increased, so that more efficient and cheaper PV installations can be realized using a relatively low number of inverters. Students are required to write a report on the topic application of power electronics in photovoltaic module to supply energy to the grid. The solar inverter is a critical component in a solar energy system. It performs the conversion of the variable DC output of the Photovoltaic (PV) module(s) into a clean sinusoidal 50- or 60 Hz AC current that is then applied directly to the commercial electrical grid or to a local, off-grid electrical network. Typically, communications capability is included so users can monitor the inverter and report on power and operating conditions, provide firmware updates and control the inverter grid connection. So students are required to write debate on the topic Grid connected Inverter verses Micro Grid Inverter which is standing in competition in solar energy for future?Which inverter is better for solar energy systems: Grid connected Inverter or Micro Grid Inverter. eassy on power electronic components associated with solar energy Report should consider the following:
1. Identify power electronic components around the PV module to supply energy to the grid 2. Techniques involved in front end of photovoltaic module for maximum power point tracking efficiency. 3. Techniques involved in rare end of photovoltaic module for maximum power point tracking efficiency.

4. Compare the system efficiency for different methods used at front end of PV module. 5. Discuss the economic aspects of integrated power electronic component to grid.

Guidelines for submission: You need to complete your debate within three A4 pages Students are advised to use only simple sentences Quotes and figures can be reproduced from literature with citation Expression of your own views through discussions on topics you come across while developing the debate will be appreciated Any data required for the solution can be appropriately assumed and the same should be stated in the report.

PART B (35 Marks) Introduction

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The DC motor is fed by the DC source through a chopper that consists of the Gate Turn Off(GTO) thyristor, and the free-wheeling diode. The DC motor drives a mechanical load that is characterized by the inertia J, friction coefficient B, and load torque TL (which can be a function of the motor speed). Thyristor is triggered by a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signal to control the average motor voltage. The motor torque is controlled by the armature current Ia, which is regulated by a current control loop. The motor speed is controlled by an external loop, which provides the current reference Ia* for the current control loop. The DC motor represented by the DC Machine block is modeled in two separate parts: electrical and mechanical. Speed regulation Problem Statement Design and development of chopper fed DC Motor drive for speed regulation dynamic performance. The motor used in this is a separately excited with the following specifications 5 HP/240 V, Ra =0.5, La =10mH, KE =1.23 V/(rad/s), KT = 1.23 N.m/A, Ls = 10 mH .

Report should include the following: 1. Implement the following equation: Tm = J

d + B + sgn()TL using Simulink dt

2. Implement electrical part of the DC motor drive using Simulink (Includes the DC source, the DC motor, and the chopper). 3. Cascade electrical part and mechanical dynamics .Compute load torque-speed characteristic for the same 4. Include PI Controller in speed control loop and compare the system. 5. Plot motor voltage, current and motor speed waveforms. 6. Implement GTO thyristor chopper for DC motor drive to control armature voltage. 7. Study the drive dynamic performance (speed regulation performance versus reference and load torque changes) by applying two successive changes of operating conditions to the DC drive: a step change in speed reference and a step change in load torque.

Guidelines for submission: Importance is given to the understanding of the subject, logical thinking, and compilation of data from reliable sources, utilization of the data to resolve the problem, explanation with diagrams and flow charts, style of presentation, originality, and validation of the relevance of the question in an industrial scenario. It should be expressed completely in your own words. Any data, figures and tables available in published literatures can be used to support your arguments with proper citation.

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Any data required for the solution can be appropriately assumed and the same should be stated in the report. Specifications to be followed: load torque from 5 N.m to 25 N.m at t = 1.2 s. and the reference speed from120 rad/s to 160 rad/s at t = 0.4 s. The required trigger signal for the GTO thyristor is generated by a hysteresis current controller, which forces the motor current to follow the reference within +h/2 and h/2 limits (h is the hysteresis band).

PART C (35 Marks): Introduction Discretizing electronic converters is advantageous because simulation is much faster than with a continuous system. You cannot discretize power electronic converters using forcedcommutated devices such as GTOs when these devices are simulated by individual blocks. However, discretization is possible when the Universal Bridge block or the Three-Level Bridge block is used to model the converter. Problem Statement: For the developed Continuous model of the DC drive and a variablestep solver of Part B, perform the simulations at fixed steps using a discretized system.In this context, students are required to test the designed chopper fed DC motor drive for its discretized system operation to address the following: 1. Discretization at fixed steps using a discretized system 2. Model the converter (Universal Bridge block or the Three-Level Bridge block is used).[The specified type of power electronic device(Universal bridge) is GTO/Diodes means that the converter consists of two GTO/Diode pairs (upper pair and lower pair) connected in series.] 3. Design and development of the discrete version of the DC drive. 4. The system is discretized with sample time Ts i.e. Ts = 10e-6. The control system and the DC machine is also discretized using the same 10 s sample time. 5. Compare continuous model (from part B) and discretized model and observe motor starting in the same.

Guidelines for submission: Your report should be based on literature review carried out by referring to standard journals. It should be expressed completely in your own words. Any data, figures and tables available in published literatures can be used to support your arguments with proper citation. Assume suitable data which ever is required to design, report your assumptions.

Learning outcomes: (5 marks) The students should write a paragraph on the module learning outcomes derived by solving this assignment referring to session 0 and how the module has benefited in understanding the various concepts of power semiconductor devices in the broad domain of power electronics.

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Marking Scheme Question No.

Content
Identify power electronic components around the PV module to supply energy to the grid Techniques involved in front end of photovoltaic module for maximum power point tracking efficiency. Techniques involved in rare end of photovoltaic module for maximum power point tracking efficiency.

Marks 6 7 7 5 5 6 5 6 3 4 4 7 5 4 7 7 7 5

Part A

Part B

Compare the system efficiency for different methods used at front end of PV module. Discuss the economic aspects of integrated power electronic component to grid. Implement the following equation: d Tm = J + B + sgn()TL using Simulink
dt

Part C Others

Implement electrical part of the DC motor drive using Simulink Cascade electrical part and mechanical dynamics .Compute load torque-speed characteristic for the same Include PI Controller in speed control loop and compare the system. Plot motor voltage, current and motor speed waveforms. Implement GTO thyristor chopper for DC motor drive to control armature voltage. Study the drive dynamic performance by applying two successive changes of operating conditions to the DC drive: a step change in speed reference and a step change in load torque Discretization at fixed steps using a discretized system Model the converter Design and development of the discrete version of the DC drive. The system is discretized with sample time Ts = 10e-6 the control system and the DC machine is also discretized using the same 10 s sample time. Compare continuous model (from part B) and discretized model and observe motor starting in the same

Comments on module learning outcomes

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Date: 14-03-2011