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SULIT 6355/1 English for Science and Technology Kertas 1 September 2009 1 jam

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2009

ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

6 3 5 5

Kertas 1 Satu jam lima belas minit JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU
Arahan For Examiners Use 1. 2. 3. 4. Tuliskan nama dan kelas anda pada ruang yang disediakan. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian : Bahagian A dan Bahagian B. Jawab semua soalan. Tuliskan semua jawapan anda untuk Bahagian A dan Bahagian B di ruangan yang disediakan. Anda dinasihatkan supaya mengambil masa 30 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam Bahagian A dan 45 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam Bahagian B. Marks Question 1 A Question 2 B TOTAL 10 30 50 10

5.

Instructions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Write your name and class in the space provided. This question paper consists of two sections : Section A and Section B. Answer all questions. Write all your answers for Section A and Section B in the space provided. You are advised to spend 30 minutes to answer the questions in Section A and 45 minutes on the questions in Section B Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 8 halaman bercetak [Lihat sebelah 6355/1 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA SULIT

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http://banksoalanspm.blogspot.com/ SULIT 2 Section A [20 marks] [Time suggested : 30 minutes] Question 1 Read the following text and complete the given task. 6355/1

Insects first appeared over 400 million years ago. Today, scientists have recorded over 900,000 species of insects, more than all other plants and animals. The typical insect structure, comprising a head, thorax and abdomen with six legs and a set of wings, is particularly mobile and robust. As a general rule insects get a very bad press. Over the centuries, insects have been responsible for spreading terrible diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness and plague. Insects such as locusts have also consumed crops before they are harvested, causing famine and starvation. However, despite such damning evidence, perhaps it is now time to restore the balance and consider life without insects. Insects are primary food source for the majority of reptiles, amphibians and birds. Deprived of their food source, such animals would quickly die out. Without insects, flowering plants would not be pollinated and would fail to reproduce. In addition, insects are natures most effective recyclers. Without insects to recycle the nutrients in dead animals and plants, the earth would swiftly cease to contain essential nutrient. Eventually, if there were no insects, only wind-pollinated plants would survive and the land would be inhabited by only a sparse and meagre animal life. There are a number of explanations for the amazing success of insects. Insects are capable of changing form, or metamorphosing, and consequently are able to exploit separate forms of food and habitat whether on land or in the water.

(Adapted from: Just English Vol 2. Issue 3)

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Based on the information from the text, complete the table below.

INSECTS

1._______________________________________________ TYPICAL STRUCTURE

2._______________________________________________

3._______________________________________________

4._______________________________________________

5._______________________________________________ THREATS 6._______________________________________________

7._______________________________________________ USEFULNESS 8._______________________________________________

9._______________________________________________ ABILITIES 10.______________________________________________

[10 marks]

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http://banksoalanspm.blogspot.com/ SULIT Question 2 Read the following text and complete the given task. 4 6355/1

When scientists first examined the human brain, they found it to be divided into two hemispheres, which are nearly identical in appearance, mirroring each other just as the two sides of the body do. When Roger Sperry examined patients whose connection between the two hemispheres - the corpus callosum - was severed, he found that the two sides of brain seemed to have different functions. Many investigators have studied the differences between the functions of the two hemispheres and have found their relationship to be quite complex. Unfortunately, however, most people have tended to over-generalise. The left brain is supposed to be logical, rational and analytical, whereas the right brain is supposed to be creative and emotional. The brains hemispheres are not so simplistically split into two neat divisions. In fact, both hemispheres participate in almost all our mental activities. Both hemispheres are in operation when we reason. The left hemisphere is dominant in recognising abstract differences. The right hemisphere tends to recognise sameness. The two hemispheres act as partners in language and communication. It appears that the left hemisphere is dominant when it comes to understanding grammar and syntax, but when it comes to interpreting emotions in communication, the right brain excels. Whenever we use language, both hemispheres process the information. The brain is not totally divided about music. Many people assume that music is mediated solely in the right brain. That is not so. It is true that the right brain recognises chords and melodies and seems to mediate pure and slow tones. The left hemisphere is also involved in music. Fast music, such as bluegrass, requires the brain to make judgments about sequencing and rhythm and for this the left hemisphere lends its services. Both hemispheres are involved in our mental activities which are in constant communication to make sense out of life.

(Adapted from: Refining Composition Skills)

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Based on the information from the text, complete the graphic organiser below.

BRAIN Left Hemisphere connected by 1._______________________________

Logical

Right Hemisphere

2.____________________ 3.____________________

Common assumptions

7.____________________ 8.____________________

4._________________________

Reasoning abilities

Recognising sameness

Language and Communication abilities

5._________________________ 9.____________________

6._________________________

Musical abilities

10.___________________

[10 marks]

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http://banksoalanspm.blogspot.com/ SULIT 6 Section B [30 marks] [Time suggested : 45 minutes] Read the information given and complete the task. Burning of fossil fuels Deforestation Open burning Disposing of waste in landfills Rising sea levels Droughts and intense rainstorms Loss of plants and animal species Health problems 6355/1

Write a report on the causes and effects of global warming. In your report, you must: use all the information given elaborate by giving relevant information provide any other additional information

Your report should not be less than 200 words.

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______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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SULIT 6355/2 English for Science and Technology Kertas 2 September 2009 1 jam

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MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2009

ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Kertas 2 6 3 5 5
2

Satu jam

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

Arahan 1. 2. 3. 4.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian dan 30 soalan. Jawab semua soalan. Hitamkan semua jawapan anda untuk Bahagian A dan Bahagian B di dalam kertas jawapan yang disediakan. Soalan-soalan yang dikemukakan dalam kertas soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, iaitu A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja

Instructions 1. 2. 3. 4.
This question paper consists of two sections and 30 questions. Answer all questions. Shade all your answers for Section A and Section B on the answer sheet provided. Questions in this question paper are followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose only one answer.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 15 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman tidak bercetak

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2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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Questions 1 25 are based on the given stimuli. Study the information carefully and choose the best answer. When an earthquake takes place beneath the sea bed, it may produce a wave in the sea. In the open ocean, the wave may hardly be noticed. But if it reaches shallow water near a coast, the wave may rise to heights of 30 metres or more. These giant waves are called tsunamis. 1. Tsunamis are caused by A B C D shallow waters near a coast giant waves of 30 metres or more wave movements in the open ocean earthquakes under the ocean floor

Chalk is a mineral usually found on the seabed and seaside cliffs. This mineral is formed from very fine grains of calcium carbonate that have separated from seawater and settled to become white, muddy sediment on the sea floor. Over millions of years, the sediment hardened to form chalk.

2.

The sediment is made up of A B C D tiny pieces of chalk calcium carbonate grains seawater and chalk grains mud and calcium carbonate

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Questions 3 4 are based on the following text. Viruses exhibit some but not all the characteristics of living things. Viruses, like all living cellular organisms, contain protein and nucleic acid. However, unlike cellular organisms, viruses can be solidified into crystals. But when placed in solutions, they become active again. Unlike cellular organisms, viruses do not repair, grow, or respond to stimuli. Viruses can reproduce only within a living cell, called a host cell. During reproduction, many viruses kill the host cell. However, cellular organisms do not necessarily need a host to reproduce.

3.

The word they refers to A B C D viruses crystals solutions organisms

4.

Both viruses and cellular organisms A B C D contain protein and nucleic acid. need a living cell to multiply. can be turned into crystals. can respond to stimuli.

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Wastewater treatment is essential in providing clean and safe water consumption. There are three basic phases of wastewater treatment in a treatment plant: primary, secondary and tertiary. In the primary phase, the first stage is screening where vertical metal bars remove bulky debris or objects. Next, it is passed through a grinder where organic materials are reduced in size. In a grit chamber, inorganic matters are removed. Then, in a sedimentation tank, organic materials are drawn off for disposal. Then it is further treated in a closed tank in a process called digestion. The final stage is drying where the digested sludge is dried and converted into fertiliser.

5.

Which of the following shows the stages of the primary phase of wastewater treatment? A screening B screening C screening D screening

digesting

grinding

digesting

grinding

drawing off organic matter

removing of inorganic matter

removing of inorganic matter

drawing off organic matter

removing of inorganic matter

drawing off organic matter

drawing off organic matter

removing of inorganic matter

grinding

digesting

grinding

digesting

drying

drying

drying

drying

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In most mammal species, females carry their young in the uterus during the development, nourishing them by a placenta, and give birth to live young. The placenta is a specialised organ within the womb of the mother that brings the bloodstream of the foetus into close contact with the blood stream of the mother. The placenta is attached to the umbilical cord. It serves as the provisional lungs, intestines and kidneys of the embryo, without ever mixing maternal and foetal blood. Food, water, and oxygen can pass across from mother to child, and wastes can pass over to the mothers blood and be carried away.

6.

A placenta within the womb of female mammals serves as A B C D the potential internal organs for the foetus the bloodstream for the foetus and the mother a passage for the supply of nourishment for the foetus a medium for close contact of the foetus and the mother

Gingko may be effective in treating ailments associated with decreased blood flow to the brain. The circulatory system in the body can be boosted by gingko as well and it is a good option in the treatment of circulation headaches. Linden relieves tensions and sinus headaches, helping to calm the mind. Also, linden flowers improve the overall functioning of the circulatory system and researchers believe it could cure migraine as well.

7.

Both gingko and linden can cure headaches because they work on the patients A B C D tensions migraines body circulation circulatory system

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Since Dollys birth in 1997, scientists have successfully cloned a wide variety of farm animals and cloning procedures have become increasingly efficient. Only a small fraction of the transplanted embryos survive to term, however, with most dying late in pregnancy. Those that survive to be born usually die soon thereafter. Many become oversized, a condition known as large offspring syndrome. The few cloned offspring that reach childhood face an uncertain future, as their development into adults tends to go unexpectedly haywire. Almost none survive to live a normal life span.

8.

Cloned farm animals A B C D will all become oversized are unable to live an expected life span develop normally as they reach adulthood have largely been successful to survive to term

Friction is a type of force that opposes the motion of an object when the object is in contact with another object or surface. Friction results from two surfaces rubbing against each other or moving relative to one another. It can hinder the motion of an object or prevent an object from moving at all. The strength of frictional force depends on the nature of the surfaces that are in contact and the force pushing them together. This force is usually related to the weight of the object or objects. 9. In order for objects to be moved A B C D their weight has to be the same. the surfaces must be in contact with each other. enough friction has to be forced upon the objects. force has to be applied to oppose the friction caused.

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Scientists have mapped the genetic code of honey bees, uncovering clues about their complex social behaviour and their heightened sense of smell. The honey bees or Apis mellifera evolve more slowly than other insects and have more genes related to smell. Even though the honey bees have tiny brains, they display mental prowess and can discern a flowers shape, colour and scent quite skilfully. 10. Compared to other insects, honey bees have a well-developed sense of smell because A B C D they are mentally well-developed their genetic code is more complex they have more smell-related genes their development is similar to others

Velocity / ms-1

10 - - - - - -W 8 6 4 2 0 Z I 2

Y I 4 I 6 I 8 I 10 I 12 I 14 time (sec)

11.

The graph shows a velocity time graph of a truck moving in a straight line. Where does the truck apply its maximum speed? A B C D W X Y Z [Lihat sebelah SULIT

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Hardware includes all the components used to make a computer. The entire computer frame that you see, regardless if the computer is switchedoff, is the hardware. Hardware is usually made of metal, plastic or fibre. It consists of all the parts of the computer which you can actually touch, including the keyboard, monitor, mouse, printer and disk.

12.

Based on the description in the above text, hardware is A B C D mainly made of metal and plastic the physical parts of a computer a set of keyboard, monitor, mouse, printer and disk the parts of a computer that can be seen only when it is switched on

Food and water are the most common sources of parasite transmission. Since most of us eat three times a day and drink water frequently throughout the day, our exposure to these sources is constant. Tap water has been found to be contaminated with parasitic organisms. Many restaurants have less than sanitary conditions ranging from food preparation and storage to the utensils and servers hands.

13.

People are easily exposed to contamination because A B C D people consume food and water many times a day sanitary measures are followed in restaurants food is left exposed all the time all water is contaminated

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Natural fibres must be cleaned or washed before being spun (twisted) into long threads of yarn. Man-made fibres are also spun: cotton polyester is a mix of natural and synthetic fibres, for example. The yarn is then woven into cloth. Not all fabrics are made by weaving. Knitting is a different process that entwines loops of yarns in a wax. 14. Natural fibres must undergo a number of processes before being turned into cloth. Which of the following is the correct order of the process? A B C D Washing ------- spinning ------- mixing Washing ------- weaving ------- knitting Cleaning ------- washing ------- knitting Cleaning ------- spinning ------- weaving

Earths Seasons

Sun

15.

Which statement is true from the diagram above? A B C D The Sun changes position during every Equinox. During the September Equinox the south experiences Summer. The Earths rotation around the Sun determines the different seasons. Winter is experienced by the Northern Hemisphere in December and June.

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Kinetic energy is energy in motion. Anything that is moving or changing has kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored energy. Something has potential energy when it is not moving, but it is about to move. Mechanical energy is produced by objects or machines changing their positions. Chemical energy is released when substances are broken down. 16. Which of the following would be an example of the energy in a wound-up spring? A B C D Kinetic energy Chemical energy Potential energy Mechanical energy

Two different blood types cannot be mixed together as the blood cells may clump together which can cause fatality. This is why blood types must be matched before blood transfusion can take place. A person with Type A blood can donate blood to a person with Type A or Type AB A person with Type B blood can donate blood to a person with Type B or Type AB A person with Type AB blood can donate blood to a person with Type AB only A person with Type O blood can donate blood to anyone.

17.

In case of emergency, which type of blood can be given to a patient with an unknown blood type? A B C D Type A Type B Type O Type AB

18.

The word clump can best be replaced with A B C D mix clot stick react

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People with short-sightedness (myopia) are not able to see objects that are far away. This is because light rays focus in front of the retina, a result from the fact that the eye is not able to focus light rays further back, despite maximum flattening of its lens. Short-sightedness mainly affects a persons ability to look at distant objects where the light rays come straight or parallel into the eyes. 19. Which of the following diagrams illustrates short-sightedness?

light

light

light

light

People with bulimia often go on eating spree (binge) and secretly vomit, losing the calories acquired. It is estimated that about 3% of females are bulimic. People with bulimia are also obsessed with their body, weight gain and how they appear to others. Unlike those with anorexia, people with bulimia are often not noticed because their weight varies slightly from their normal weight. At the same time, treatment is more effective for bulimia rather than anorexia. 20. It is true that bulimics A B C D openly vomit the food they consume. care less about their physical appearance. lose lesser weight compared to anorexics. need more effective treatment compared to anorexics.

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X Y

Strata of the Tropical Rainforest The emergents consist of the tops of the tallest trees, which are much higher than the average canopy height (ranging up to 270 feet or 81 m). It houses many birds and insects while the forest floor is teeming with animal life, especially insects and arachnids plus large animals. The understory is a dark, cool environment that is under the leaves but over the ground. Most of the understory of a rainforest has so little light that plant growth is limited. On the other hand, the canopy; the upper parts of most of the trees, is full of life. Insects, arachnids, many birds and some mammals thrive in this area. 21. In the diagram, the understory is labelled as A B C D W X Y Z

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Microcomputers or personal computers are small, lightweight and portable. Some of them are more powerful than some of the older, larger mainframe computers and minicomputers. Mainframe computers are physically the largest computers you will maintain. Their ruggedness makes them more suited than microcomputers and minicomputers to handle the mechanical shock and vibration, salt spray, temperature and humidity.

22.

The suitable computer to be used in a submarine is A B C D Minicomputer Microcomputer Portable computer Mainframe computer

Questions 23 24 are based on the following text. The term presbyopia means old eye and is a vision condition involving the loss of the eyes ability to focus on both near and far objects. It is a condition that occurs as part of normal aging, because when a person gets older, ones eye lenses become harder and less elastic. The muscles in the ciliary body also lose their ability to contract and relax. Presbyopia occurs gradually over a number of years and is usually noticeable by age 40-45.Presbyopia is corrected by wearing glasses with bifocal lenses to see near and far objects clearly. 23. The word elastic can be substituted by A B C D 24. rigid flexible dynamic movable

From the text, we can conclude that A all senior citizens experience this problem B old people tend to suffer from presbyopia C presbyopia can be overcome by wearing sunglasses D the elderlys eye lenses lose the ability to contract and relax

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The crystals of about eighty special minerals are known as gemstones. Many gemstones are used just for making jewellery while others have less glamourous uses. The most valuable gemstone is diamond. It is a crystal of carbon. It is an extremely hard substance that can cut through many materials. Industrial diamonds are used in the manufacture of drilling and cutting tools. The finest diamonds are cut and polished for jewellery. 25. Based on the text above, we can conclude that A carbon can be used to cut through many materials B diamond is the only gemstone suitable as jewellery C diamonds can slice through almost all common materials D carbon is used in the manufacture of drilling and cutting tools

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Questions 26 30 are based on the following passage. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given. The vibration of an earthquake is felt most strongly along the fault line at the epicenter. The majority of earthquakes seem to ____26____ at the depths of 10 to 20 miles below the epicenter. Some are deeper, but none come from a greater depth than 450 miles. It appears that ____27____ forces at these levels cause rocks to slowly, but positively, flow or creep.

The rocks behave as a spring being ____28____, adjusting gradually to the great pressure. Sometimes the rock is deformed too rapidly so that the limit of its ____29____ is reached, and it breaks. Some of the vast energy of the deforming forces is ____30____ by one rock mass rubbing on another. This causes vibration that is transmitted from rock to rock for thousands of miles. 26. A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D derive evolve originate commence central surface underneath underground bent broken twisted twirled power strength condition resilience spilled released confined absorbed

27.

28.

29.

30.

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Global warming
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search For past climate change, see paleoclimatology and geologic temperature record. Global mean surface temperature anomaly relative to 19611990

Mean surface temperature anomalies during the period 1999 to 2008 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-twentieth century and its projected continuation. Global surface temperature increased 0.74 0.18 C (1.33 0.32 F) during the last century.[1]A[] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that anthropogenic greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of the twentieth century,[1] and that natural phenomena such as solar variation and volcanoes probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950 and a small cooling effect afterward.[2][3] These basic conclusions have been endorsed by more than 40 scientific societies and academies of science,B[] including all of the national academies of science of the major industrialized countries.[4] Climate model projections summarized in the latest IPCC report indicate that global surface temperature will probably rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 C (2.0 to 11.5 F) during the twenty-first century.[1] The uncertainty in this estimate arises from the use of models with differing climate sensitivity, and the use of differing estimates of future greenhouse gas emissions. Some other uncertainties include how warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe. Most studies focus on the period up to 2100. However, warming is expected to continue beyond 2100 even if emissions stop, because of the large heat capacity of the oceans and the long lifetime of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.[5][6] Increasing global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, probably including expansion of subtropical deserts.[7] The continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice is expected, with the Arctic region being particularly affected. Other likely effects include shrinkage of the Amazon rainforest and Boreal forests, increases in the intensity of extreme weather events, species extinctions and changes in agricultural yields.

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Political and public debate continues regarding the appropriate response to global warming. The available options are mitigation to reduce further emissions; adaptation to reduce the damage caused by warming; and, more speculatively, geoengineering to reverse global warming. Most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Question: What Causes Global Warming? Answer: Scientists have determined that a number of human activities are contributing to global warming by adding excessive amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide accummulate in the atmosphere and trap heat that normally would exit into outer space. Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming While many greenhouse gases occur naturally and are needed to create the greenhouse effect that keeps the Earth warm enough to support life, human use of fossil fuels is the main source of excess greenhouse gases. By driving cars, using electricity from coal-fired power plants, or heating our homes with oil or natural gas, we release carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere. Deforestation is another significant source of greenhouse gases, because fewer trees means less carbon dioxide conversion to oxygen. During the 150 years of the industrial age, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by 31 percent. Over the same period, the level of atmospheric methane has risen by 151 percent, mostly from agricultural activities such as raising cattle and growing rice.

Effects of global warming

There are two major effects of global warming:

Increase of temperature on the earth by about 3 to 5 C (34 to 41 Fahrenheit) by the year 2100. Rise of sea levels by at least 25 meters (82 feet) by the year 2100.

More details about the effects of global warming :

Increasing global temperatures are causing a broad range of changes. Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion of the ocean, in addition to melting of land ice. Amounts and patterns of precipitation are changing. The total annual power of hurricanes has already increased markedly since 1975 because their average intensity and average duration have increased (in addition, there has been a high correlation of hurricane power with tropical sea-surface temperature).

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Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of other extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and tornadoes. Other effects of global warming include higher or lower agricultural yields, further glacial retreat, reduced summer stream flows, species extinctions. As a further effect of global warming, diseases like malaria are returning into areas where they have been extinguished earlier. Although global warming is affecting the number and magnitude of these events, it is difficult to connect specific events to global warming. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100, warming is expected to continue past then because carbon dioxide (chemical symbol CO2) has an estimated atmospheric lifetime of 50 to 200 years.

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