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Temperature
(oF)
-44
1)
1)
(oC)
Vapor Pressure
(psig)
(bar)
-42.2
-30
-34.4
6.8
0.5
-20
-28.9
11.5
0.8
-10
-23.3
17.5
1.2
-17.8
24.5
1.7
10
-12.2
34
2.3
20
-6.7
42
2.9
30
-1.1
53
3.7
40
4.4
65
4.5
50
10.0
78
5.4
60
15.6
93
6.4
70
21.1
110
7.6
80
26.7
128
8.8
90
32.2
150
10.3
100
37.8
177
12.2
110
43.3
204
14.1
It is common to distribute a mixture of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) (LPG) for
combustion purposes.
Propane is more suited to colder environments since it evaporates at -44oF (-42oC) at
atmospheric pressure. Butane evaporates at 33oF (-0.5 oC) at atmospheric pressure.
The vapor pressure of a mixture of the two products are indicated in the table below:
Vapor Pressure (psig)
Propane
(C3H8)
(%)
100
70
50
30
Butane
(C4H10)
(%)
30
50
70
100
-44
-30
6.8
-20
11.5
4.7
-10
17.5
3.5
24.5
15
7.6
2.3
10
34
20.5
12.3
5.9
20
42
28
17.8
10.2
Temperature 30
(oF)
40
53
36.5
24.5
15.4
65
46
32.4
21.5
3.1
50
78
56
41
28.5
6.9
60
93
68
50
36.5
11.5
70
110
82
61
45
17
80
128
96
74
54
23
90
150
114
88
66
30
100
177
134
104
79
38
Mixture
110
204
158
122
93
47
2
2
2
-3
1 psi (lb/in ) = 144 psf (lbf/ft ) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m ) = 6.895x10 N/mm2 =
6.895x10-2 bar
Note that the evaporation temperature is not the only parameter that influences on
evaporation of the propane butane mixture. Evaporation requires heat and if the heat
transferred to the liquid gas is limited - the liquid cools down and the evaporation is
reduced.
Larger consumers requires heat exchangers fueled with hot water, electric heater
or combustion of the propane butane mix itself to supply the evaporation heat.
Smaller consumers requires propane butane mix containers with efficient heat
transfer from the surroundings. By example - composite containers provides less
heat transfer compared to steel containers and may cause problems at lower
surroundings temperatures.
The tables below can be used for propane gas pipe sizing.
Pipe Size
(in)
12
24
50
1/2
70
48
33
22
15
3/4
145
100
69
47
32
274
188
130
89
60
1 1/4
560
387
265
182
123
1 1/2
840
580
400
274
184
1625
1117
768
527
354
2 1/2
2590
1780
1223
841
565
4580
3145
2160
1487
1000
9340
6415
4410
3030
2040
16900
11615
7980
5485
3690
27360
18800
12920
8880
5970
56220
38640
26560
18250
12270
12
24
1/4 (3/8)
11
3/8 (1/2)
22
15
11
1/2 (5/8)
45
31
21
15
5/8 (3/4)
79
54
37
26
3/4 (7/8)
112
77
53
36
1 (1 1/8)
239
165
113
77
1 1/4 (1 3/8)
430
295
203
140
12
24
1/4 (3/8)
12
3/8 (1/2)
26
18
12
1/2 (5/8)
50
34
23
16
5/8 (3/4)
83
57
39
27
3/4 (7/8)
128
88
60
41
1 (1 1/8)
258
177
122
83
1 1/4 (1 3/8)
450
308
211
145
pressure less than 10 kPa
fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 50%
The diagrams below indicates required capacity of relief valves on LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas - above ground and below ground tanks and
vaporizers.
Upstream Downstream
1/2
(psig)
(psig)
10
9
3/4
1 1/4 1 1/2
2 1/2
9.5
606
1265
2385
4896
9.0
875
1830
3550
8.5
590
1239
2330
4785
8
7
6
5
8.1
810
1690
3190
6550
7.6
510
1070
2020
4150
7.2
741
1550
2925
6006
6.6
500
1046
1971
4050
6.3
675
1410
2658
5460
5.7
419
875
1647
3380
5064
5.4
605
1268
2387
4998
4.7
407
850
1603
3290
4930
4.5
536
1120
2110
4325
98710