Top Quark Pair Production at Tevatron and LHC

Andrea Bangert, Herbstschule fuer Hochenergiephysik, Maria Laach, September 2007

Overview
Top pair production
Pair production as test of perturbative QCD

Top decay Cross section measurements at the Fermilab Tevatron Cross section measurements with the ATLAS detector at the LHC Conclusions
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Top Production

scale = R = F Parton Density Functions

Partonic cross section ij Short-distance hard scattering.

Calculated to NLO in perturbative QCD.

Parton density functions f(x,2) Non-perturbative but universal.

Determined from fits to experimental data.

Measurement of serves as experimental test of pQCD.

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Test of Perturbative QCD

s = 1.96 TeV

Top Decay
Top lifetime is t~10-24 s No top hadrons or bound states. (tWb) ~ 100% (W l)=1/3, (Wqq)=2/3 Top events identified by decay products: tt Wb Wb lvb lvb dileptonic Low background rates = 10.3% tt Wb Wb lvb jjb lepton+jets Manageable background = 43.5% tt Wb Wb jjb jjb hadronic or all jets High multijet background rates = 46.2%
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Tevatron Measurements
Kidonakis + Vogt: = 6.8 0.6 pb Cacciari et al: = 6.7 0.7 pb CDF, mt = 170 GeV: = 7.7 0.9 pb CDF, mt = 175 GeV: = 7.3 0.9 pb
Dilepton: Largest uncertainty on estimate of
Z+jet, +jet backgrounds. Lepton+jets: NN exploits kinematics and topology to distinguish ttbar from W+jet, QCD multijet backgrounds. Lepton+jets: Relies on b-tagging using displaced secondary vertices. Largest uncertainty on b-tag, W+Njet, QCD multijet backgrounds. Lepton+jets: Relies on soft lepton b-tag. Main uncertainties are on b-tag and mistag rate. MET: Requires missing ET. Selects tau+jets events. Trigger efficiency is dominant systematic uncertainty. Hadronic: Largest uncertainties are on QCD 6 multijet rate and b-tag rate of multijet events.

CDF Cross Section

The ATLAS Detector

Inner Detector surrounded by superconducting solenoid magnet.

Pixel detector, semiconductor tracker, transition radiation tracker.

Momentum and vertex measurements; electron, tau and heavy-flavor identification.

Lead / liquid argon electromagnetic sampling calorimeter.

Electron, photon identification and measurements. Scintillator-tile barrel calorimeter. Copper / liquid argon hadronic end-cap calorimeter. Tungsten / liquid argon forward calorimeter. Measurements of jet properties. Instrumented with muon chambers. Measurement of muon momentum. 7

Hadronic calorimeter.

Air-core toroid magnet

Muon spectrometer.

Cross Section Measurement with ATLAS

LHC starts up in 2008. L = 1033cm-2s-1 ~1 top pair per second Observation of top pair production will be initial landmark for ATLAS. Use ttbar analysis to understand the detector performance. Extract jet energy scale. Determine missing ET and b-tagging performance.

Cross section calculation for LHC:

mt = 175 GeV, s = 14 TeV NLO calculation: = 803 90 pb NLO + NLL: = 833 +5239 pb

Bonciani, Catani, Mangano, Nason, hep-ph/9801375

A. Shibata

Commissioning Analysis
Designed to perform first observation of top pair production with ATLAS.
L~100 pb-1 Represents ~ 80,000 top pairs.
Cut Flow
140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0
no cuts, = 0.53 one lepton, = 0.71 four jets, = 0.82 missing Et, = 0.82
Semileptonic ttbar with e, = 17.55% Semileptonic ttbar with , = 25.13% Semileptonic ttbar with , = 3.68% Dileptonic ttbar, = 7.73%

Until data is available, Monte Carlo generated events used to develop analysis. Selection cuts:
Designed to select semileptonic ttbar events with e, . Exactly one isolated e or . pT > 20 GeV || < 2.5 At least four jets. First three jets: pT > 40 GeV Fourth jet: pT > 20 GeV || < 2.5 missing ET > 20 GeV. No b-tagging is required.

Top Quark and W Boson Masses

Top Quark Mass for L = 97 pb -1
Events / 4.0 GeV
Semileptonic ttbar with e, = 16.83%

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 100 200 300 400

Semileptonic ttbar with , = 24.41% Semileptonic ttbar with , = 3.53% Dileptonic ttbar, = 7.17% Hadronic ttbar, = 0.10% W+N Jets Background, = 8.63% MCatNLO leptonic ttbar, = 13.25% Signal + Background, = 161.08, = 23.23, 2 / DoF = 1.08 Combinatorial + Physics Background

Generated top mass is 175 GeV. mW = 78.90 0.5 GeV. Generated W mass is 80.4 GeV.
Mass of Best Hadronic W Candidate for L = 97 pb -1
Events / 4.0 GeV
Semileptonic ttbar with e, = 16.83% Semileptonic ttbar with , = 24.41% Semileptonic ttbar with , = 3.53% Dileptonic ttbar, = 7.17%

mt = 163.4 1.6 (stat) GeV

600 500 400

Hadronic ttbar, = 0.10% W+N Jets Background, = 8.63% MCatNLO leptonic ttbar, = 13.25% Signal + Background, = 78.90, = 4.72, 2 / DoF = 1.21

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600

700 800 Mass [GeV]

300

Combinatorial + Physics Background

Trijet combination with maximal pT represents tWbjjb. Dijet combination with maximal pT represents Wjj. Fit mass distribution using Gaussian and polynomial; mean is fitted mass.

200 100 0 0

Cone4

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100

150

200

250

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350 10 400 Mass [GeV]

Cross Section Studies

~ 10% of sample used as data
~ 90% of sample used as model Ldata = 97 pb-1, Ndata ~ 45,000 LMC = 970 pb-1, NMC ~ 450,000 Efficiencies for each channel are calculated from Monte Carlo. Number of background events in data is determined using information from Monte Carlo. Assume data = MC.
Top Quark Mass for L = 97 pb -1
Events / 4.0 GeV

220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 100 200 300 400

Semileptonic ttbar with e, = 17.55% Semileptonic ttbar with , = 25.13% Semileptonic ttbar with , = 3.68% Dileptonic ttbar, = 7.73% MCatNLO leptonic ttbar, = 13.93% Signal + Background, = 164.97, = 17.37, 2 / DoF = 1.58 Combinatorial + Physics Background

kT (D=0.4)

500

600

700 800 Mass [GeV]

= 246.0 3.5 (stat) pb From Monte Carlo: = 248.5 pb

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Summary
Measurement of tt offers test of pQCD. Tevatron:
Theoretical calculation, s = 1.96 TeV: = 6.7 0.7 pb CDF experiment: = 7.3 0.9 pb

LHC:
Theoretical calculation, s = 14 TeV: = 833 +5239 pb ATLAS analyses currently performed using Monte Carlo generated events. Optimization of event selection and reconstruction, and evaluation of systematic errors is underway.

Measurement of tt with ATLAS is scheduled for LHC startup in 2008.

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Backup Slides

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Tevatron Top Mass

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Best Tevatron Run II (preliminary, March 2007)

All-Jets: CDF
( 943 pb )
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171.1 4.3 164.5 5.6 172.5 8.0 170.9 2.5 170.5 2.7 170.9 1.8
2/dof = 9.2/10

Dilepton: CDF
(1030 pb )
-1

Dilepton: D0
(1000 pb )
-1

Lepton+Jets: CDF
( 940 pb )
-1

Lepton+Jets: D0
( 900 pb )
-1

Tevatron
(Run I/Run II, March 2007)

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160 170 180 190 2 Top Quark Mass (GeV/c )

200

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Tevatron Cross Section Measurements

L = 1032cm-2s-1, s = 1.96 TeV

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Atlantis

Atlantis is an event display designed for the ATLAS experiment.

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Statistical Error on and

Error on efficiency: = ( (1- ) / Ni) Ne = Ne, N = N e = Ne / Ldata e = N / Ldata = (e2 + 2)

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