Metalarc Lamps

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Lamp Conslruct on Operat ng Pr nc ples and Cnaractenst

cs

op' " '' q Po't or f, tr ot op^rat .g

Lumen Output and

..

6 6 7

Dos - oT
N,4a

ntenance

drP I '' E"F o en ptr dlL ^

Table of M n mum Ba ast Voltage Bequ rements

n | 1'e - .ordlr r/ Dtdg'dt ' Ba last ng Metalarc Lamps t -ec- o- | 'lp .ol age .dr .rl o'r d-.p Wdrr Up C'a a o strcs Super 1V eta arc Lamps Prncpes ol Operaton Horzontal Lamps La-'lp Co-rsl -ct or Output. L fe and LLrmen lVa ntenance Prncples of Operaton Vert ca Lamps _a- p Co1 r ,, -,o^ Output L fe and Lumen lVa ftenance IVF-d d.C App a( o1r lro .", a L gl- ro L.r. ^o Ca. d1d pd.L q Lors Bu d ng and S gn Floodl ghtlng Sports Arena and Stad um L ght ng Co-rrerc d lrgh'19 -oJb esl'oo- 19 lVera a'c B r' ,^g Pos.r o'rfveta arc and Super Metaiarc Warn ng Operate n Enc osed F xtures Only. ll Ji'ra. o e' Fao "t or F po' u'^ ll Electrrca Shock Hazard V Proper Care and N4a ntenanc-^ Key to Date of lVafulacture instal at on and Operat ng lnstruct ons
St1636.1-9p

.9 . 10
10

1'l
11

METALARC LAMPS
Sylvanias Meta arc arnp s a member of the h gh ntensrty d scharge (H .D.) lamp fam y and is the most eff cient source of wh te light ava lab e today. It has h gh effrcacy econom cal y reasonab e lfe, except ona coor rendering abilty and good umen

ntenance Phys cally, lvleta arc lamps are cornpact n sze and have the same outsde
ma

Mela arc amp s shown n F gure 1 lvetalarc lamps are ava lab e in a broad range of sizes in wattages from 175 to 1500 and umen packages from 14,000 to 155000. lvlost of the wattages are ava able n a Metalarc C vers on wh ch provides sllght y better color rendit on and s ghtly corre ated co or temperature. Some of the types of f,4eta arc amps are avarlab e in a 3K vers on wh ch uses a special phosphor coat ng to ach eve an ncandescent range correlated color ternperatLrre

ons as correspond ng wattage mercury amps. lnternal y, they d ffer cons derab y from rnercury amps the constructon of a typca
d mens

Figure

1. Construction oI oo-Watt,

Base

Up Burning Metatarc lamp.

state dode and

a bmeta swtch. The

dode

LAMP CONSTRUCTION
The Meta arc arnp has a quartz arc tube wh ch s s ghtly smal er than that of the same wattage mercury amp. The arc tube conta ns argon gas and mercury pius thor um rod de, sodium od de and scand um odide. These three rnater als are responsib e for the outstand ng pedormance of th s remarkable iqhl source. The ends of the arc tube have a heat reflectinq coatjng to control the temperature of these areas durng operaton Ternperature contro ls essenta to the N/letalarc lamps operation and s d scussed n the next
sect on

augments lhe b meta swtch dur ng lamp warmup A Boros cale (Hard) glass bu b protects the nner parts and also absorbs u trav o et from the arc

OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND

CHARACTERISTICS
The Meta arc d scharge d flers tn a very s gntf canl way from the mercury system. in a mercury amp. al of the discharge Tnateria s in the vapor state s nce the waltemperalure of the arc tube s h gher than the bo Ing temperature of mercury The

The Meta arc lamp uses a sp t trame construct on Thrs s necessrtated by the hrgh electrochemica
wh ch requres max mum poss ble solat on of meta parts from the arc tube. The arc tube harness nc udes spr ng su pports at the neck and dome, wh ch make the mount structure very durabe and resstant to rough serv ce and v brat on. The bimeta sho(ng swtch n the l\,4etalarc amp coses during lamp operat on provrd ng a short c rcu t between the stad ng e ectrode and the adlacent main e ectrode Thrs ensures that there is no potenta difference between the ma n e ectrode and the start ng e ectrode whrch can lead to e ectrolyt c farlure of the arc tube seal. Some Meta arc amps use a so d
4

actvty of the addtve system

iodide addtves rn lhe Vletaarc system have boil ng points cons derab y h gher than the wa temperature of the arc tube and some of the mater al rema fs condensed n a so d state The quantrt es of the meta 1c odides n the vapor state are governed by the temperature of the co dest spot on the inter or surface of the arc tube. Thts phenomenon accounts for many of the characteristics of Metalarc amps vrhich are discussed n subsequent sect ons
l

The lvletaarc amp uses the same starting pr nc p e as a mercury vapor amp but d tfers s gn f cant y rn start ng requ rements and characterist cs When voltage rs app ed to the amp. in t a tonization takes
p ace in the space between the marn electrode and the adlacent starting electrode Because of

.-l

Fisu'," 2.

sp"",,";";";

iiit,in,tion ot rzs-wutt
Figure

Metalarc Clear lamp.

3.

Speclral energy distribution of 250_Watt Metalarc clear lamp.

the presence of meta od des n the arc tube the votage requ red for this to take pace s rnuch h gher n a N/letalarc arnp When there s suffrc ent onizat on. the lamp wi I strike from main e ectrode to main e ectrode Once the arc s established, the amp begins to warm up. As the warm up progresses the metal additves beg n to enter the arc stream and to emit the r charactenst c radiation. Because of the nature of the metal od de add tive system the susta ning characteristcs of the baL ast are Tnore stringent then those requlred for a mercury lamp
When the amp is fuliy warmed up and the add t ve meta s are in proper concentrat on n the arc, the r etfect s cearly seen. The spectral outpLrt of the

Figure

4.

Spectral energy distribution of 400-Watt Metalarc Clear lamp.

amp contans a of the wavelengths that the human eye s responsve to and much of the radiated energy s sh fted nto areas of the spectrum where the mercury amp is defrcrent. S nce a I wavelengths or co ors are nc uded n good relat ve ba ance, the overa I appearance of the amp co or s white and thus provides exce ent rendrt on of all co ors
The spectral energy d str but ons of c ear N/leta arc amps are shown in F gures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Note

Figure

5. Spectral enerqy distribution oI 1000-Watt

Metalarc Clear lamp.

the cont nuous spectrum throughout the v s b e

band
The second firalor advantage of the Meta arc lamp

n compafson wrth the mercury vapor ai'n p s substanta y greater efficacy. ngenera onasze for s ze bas s the Metalarc arnp has 65 to 70
percent greater eff cacy. The Super Meta arc famr y extends th s advantage to nearly 100 percent

Figure

6.

Spectral enersy distribution of 1500-Walt Metalarc Clear lamp.

though the Meta arc lamp has exce lent co or qualty for most rghting applicat ons, there are
A

some inter or I ghting appl cations, such as stores

Figure

7. Spectral energy distribution ol 17s.Watt

Metalarc/C lamp.

supermarkets, and other commerclal lnter ors where even better co or rendition s des rable. For these applicat ons, the l'.4 eta arc/C amp is recommended. Th s amp has a phosphor coating which ncreases the percentages of red orange and yellow wavelengths n the spectrum as deplcted n the SED curves (F gures 7 8, 9 and 10). The Metalarc/C lamp also features a ower color temperature (warmer ght) and a more diffuse source of ght which aids n reducrng brightness and g are For lghting app catons where an even warmer ght source s des red the 3K lvetalarc amp s ava ab e wh ch has a color temperature n the sarne range as fcandescent
sources.

OPERATING POSITION
E

The standard

lvleta

arc products are

universal

Figure

8.

Spectral energy distribution of 250-Watt Metalarc/C lamp.

burning position arnps w th three exceptions The 175 watt amp s restricted to vertrca base up or veft caL base down or entations. The 750 watt amp s restricted to base up only operation. The 1500 watt lamp s available n a base up to horizonta ,.ersor a"d a ba.e do^r .e <o-r

Super Metalarc lamps have spec fic orientat of requ rements which wi be d scussed n more detai in a fol ow ng section There s an operat ng posrt on gu de on the ast page of this bulletln wh ch deta s operating postion restrctons by
type.

All Meta arc and Super N/etalarc lamps must be operated n sutably enclosed fxtures. EFFECT OF OPERATING POSITION
rat ngs of N4etalarc amps are estabi shed w th the lamps operated n the vedical and horizonta pos tron When operated n pos t ons other than vertica the lamp wattage and umen output decrease sl ghtly as does the umen maintenance and mean luniens over fe The

The published
Figure

9.

Spectral energy distribution o{ 4o0-Watt Metalarc/C lamp.

OPEFATING ANGLE FFOIV I]ORIZONIAL

90

ao

70

60

so

40

30

20

a4

F30

!'o
010203040506070a090
OPERAIING ANGLE FROM VERTICAL IN OEGREES

Figure '10. Spectral energy distribution 1000-Watt Metalarc/c lamp.

of

Figurel'1. Metalarc lamps- typical lumen output characteristics.

operatng postons which produce the owest

lumen output (and should therefore be avo ded) are approx mately 20-30'from horlzonta (60'70" from verlcal). n operatng postions other than vedca the arc tends to bend upward thereby producnq non-unform heating of the arc tube wa , resulting in less etficient operat on. Figure 11 is a graph of ght output versus lamp operat ng pos tion for N,4 eta arc amps.
l\

tt
---l_ L lt

gbo

=,n trn
45
gL]FN

LU[/EN OUTPUT AND I\i]AINTENANCE

The arc system rs chemically comp ex and requires a per od o{ operatron for a ts components to stabi ze. A per od of seasoning of J00 hours s required for the amp to reach a set
N/leta

\G IOURS

1 N

IHOUSANDSI

Figure 12. Approximate lumen maintenance oJ 175,Watt Metalarc Clear lamp. Curves based on vertical operation.

of

performance characteristics that are a mean ngfu basis for spec f cat on of performance over fe A published lamp spec frcations are based on l0O hour measurements.
umen ght The decline in maintenance characteristics output over amp life is very gradua The three ma1or causes of the decline n output are deter orat on of the electrodes over time, oss of transm ssron of the arc tube due to blackening and sh fts in the chem ca baance of the addtive materia s. The umen ma ntenance s better when l\,4eta arc lamps are burned for a onger per od per staft hence the best ma ntenance w I resu t from cont nuous operat on.
[,4eta

arc amps have very good

Figure 13. Approximate lumen maintenance of 250 Wan Metalarc Clear lamp operated venically on various burnins cycles.

NOTE: When Metalarc amps are used in a cont nuous y operating mode Sy van a recommends that a t mer be nc uded in the ght ng circu t to cyc e the ampsat eastonceper
week.

rao < 70 :-- 60 2 -50 o40 F 230 a20 (l

.t

z 10Q >90 l

\ _:\

.t^l'^'uJ US

-I

SI Ftgl""*"

i'',qBJ

The umef

es somewhat with amp sze, as depcted by the curves n Figures l2 to 16. F gures 17 through 20 show the lumen
fira ntenance var

10 o

o 1 ? 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 13 14 15
BUFN NG HOI]RS (IN THOUSANDS) for vertical operation.

rnaintenance for the phosphor coated Meta arc/C amps. In the case of the phosphor coated amp there ls an add t ona deprec atron of light w th fe due to the deprec ation of the phosphor ins de the

Figure 14. Approximaie Iumen maintenance of 400-Wart Metalarc Clear Iamp at various burning cycles. All curves are

amp.

Hor

zontal lumen maintenance

\
:&

\.I

CONIINUOUS
1O HRS /START

approximately 50/o ower than ve( cal ma ntenance

at the end of rated life

l,

5 HFS /SrAAr

NOTE When evaluat ng a Metalarc lghting instal atof. the amps shou d be operated for 100 horrrs to a low them to stab ze

,r rrousANosl Figure '15. Approximate lumen maintenance oI 1Ooo-Watt Metalarc Clear lamp. All curves based on vertical operation.

too

160 =50 bao 33a

>90 rao 170 i60 z -50 o20

dD r0
o

-t

\i:\

coNTrNLro

s::l"r,

In
o 5oo rooo
BUNN!N6 HOURS
r5oo

o123456)89
BIJ RN

ING tsOURS 1IN THOUSANDS)

ro

Figure 16. Approximate lumen maintenance of 1soo,Watt Metalarc Clear lamp. Curve based on 4 hours operating per start.

Figure 20. Approximate lumen maintenance o{ 1000-Watt lvletalarc/C lamp at various burning cycles. Curves based on vertical operation.

\ \
250
o

Zso
\r rNi

5ro
8eo t

-fl,Il
rk;

T_

iso
zo

.(J,

-30 5:o
0123613
BUIN
NG HO!J BS

u30

.t

0r2345673
SUNNINC I]OURS 1 N TNOUSANOSI

lIN THOUSANDSI

Figure 17. Approximate lumen maintenance of 17s-Watt Metalarc/C lamp. Curves based on vertical operation.

Figure 21. Typical lile expectancy or morratity curves for 17s-Watt Metalarc tamps at various burning cyctes.

9e0 ;du
2

iso
E30
10

!# li'

#i-

ffi

F\

0 r 2 3 4 5 6 7 I I 10 | t2 13 l4
Figure 18. Approximate lumen maintenance of 250-Watt Metalarc/C lamp operated verrically on a 'lO hour cycle. 100
BIJRN ING I]OUAS 1IN TI]OUSANDSI

t5

Figure 22. Typical life expectancy or mortatity curves for 4oo-Watt Metalarc lamps at various burning cycles. All curves apply to operation on single tamp ballast, or independent operation (parallel) dual baltast. 4 r00

: l

90 ao
70 60 50

"l l_Llus.l iil!1I'o

\. t:] -ro\*:- SI
s>;+-'

:
f

-l^rrh

= o

40
30

"F -r

-.

-.-..\

Ish F-t F-'

tli::

Us

20
cc

30 20
10

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 l5
AURNING HOURS ( N THOUSANDS)
vertical operation.

0123456789

Figure 19. Approximate lumen maintenance o{ 400-Watt Metalarc/C lamp at various burning rycles. Curves based on

BURN NG HOUAS (IN THOUSANDSI

ro

Figure 23. Typical life expectancy or mortatity curves for 1Ooo-Watt Metalarc lamps at various burninq cvctes.

:30
5?o

(S-oe Eng neer ng BLr et n 0 324 and 0 341.) A though ves of lvleta arc amps ar-o rot as ong as those of mercury lamps of the same wattages. it s expected that fe rat ngs w I be f creased as rrnproveinents are made in des gn

lLrorescenl amps

r60
E

j50
330 8uo

ad'"..

,:'tJ la iqr o.

EFFECT OF TEI\,4PERATURE
Operal on oi the l,/leta arc arJip s essent a y ndependent oi amb eft temperature because the

o!ter lacket contros the arc tubes operatng

"
"Tr"NrNc.ME

nouss

Figure 24. Typical li{e expeclancy or mortality curves {or '1500-Watt Metalarc lamps at operating cycle o{ 5 hours per starl.

temperature Wattage. !men output and co or do not vary apprecaby wth temperature. Howev-.r amb ent temperature can affect ba iast performance lvh ch n turn can alfect amp operat on

LAMP LIFE
\y'elalarc amp fe is the -. apsed t [.]e n hours at h ch 500/b of a large samp e popu at on ol amps \rv, reach formal efd of fe \,vl.ren operated at coftro ied nomrnal ba last nput on T0 hour cyc es I the ved ca postion (Super [v]eta arc n nomrna des gn Dos t on )
v\'

Normal eno of fe s fa ure to start or come up to des,qn power This s caused by gradua deteroraton of the amps eectrodes over lfe E ectrode deteroraton is most severe durng
stad ng. Lofger operat ng cyc es y e d onger larnp fe and better umen maintenance Typica mortal ty of fe expectancy curves are shown n F gures 2l

e the arc tube rs protecied and re at ve y ndependenl of ambeni lamp envronmefta iernperatur-o c-oTta n efv ronmental condit ons musl be ma nta ned for norma amp performance. Amonq these are 21OrC rnax m!m on the mogu scre\( base and 350oC on the outer gass bu b of a 175 and 250 walt types ,10OoC on ali other types Refocus ng or concentrat on of energy or use of alrxl lary eqLr pment such that nternal amp componerls are sublected to abnorma thermal. mechanca or eectrca condtofs must be avo ded. (Abnormal be ng srgn f cartly d iferent
Whr
f rom those norma ly assoc ated w th operatron n typ ca contemporary genera ght ng lum naires w th s xty he(z magnet c meta hal de aux ary equ pmef t ) The comp ex ty of amp. lum na re and aux ary equ pment nterrelal onships necessrtates much care n the desrgn of ne\\i products or mod f cat on oi ex st ng ones.

trrrough

2,1

The shape ol the lletalarc mo(a ty curve d ifers n that t does nol conta n a sudden sharp d p slah as s charact,oflsl c of rf candesc-oft and

TABLE

MINIMUM BALLAST VOLTAGE REOUIREMENTS FOR IVIETALARC LAMPS

LAMP WATTS

SINE-WAVE BALLAST 1.414 CREST FACTOR PEAK VOLTS

Above 50"F
RIVIS

TYPICAL LEAD.PEAKED BALLAST 1.82 CREST FACTOR

PEAK VOLTS
F

VOLTS
Below 50'F

RMS VOLTS

Below 50'F to -20" F s40 540 540 750 750

Above

50'F
ao1 382

to -20"
)o1 JOZ

Above 50"F 540 540 540 622

Below 50'F

Above

Below 50'F

to -20"
RAn

50'F 295 295 295 340 340

to -20'F
295 295 295 410 410

175 250 400

1000 1500

540

540
540 622 622

440 440

382 530
530

622

540 540 750 750 at

20"F.

NOTEi These are minimum requirements for 98% probability of starting at 50"F and 90% probability

IMPORTANT: Metal-Halide (lead-peak) ballasts will operate mercuty lamps {sine-wave) ballasts will operate Metalarc lamps only if the above required peak voltage
the specified temperatures.

of

equal wattage- Mercury

from the ballast at

is available

The starting of Metalarc lamps is sens tive to temperature. At ow temperatures the reduced rnercury vapor pressure rnakes lamp ign t on more d fficult n a hot restr ke condrt on following a power nterrupt on the ampmustcool sothatthe arc tube pressure s reduced belore the balast voltage rs sutf cient to start the amp. The rnin mum start ng voltages requ red to assure starting re abil ty at 50oF and 2OaF are listed in Table L

Note

to

lght

ng

equlpment designers:

ln

equ pment des gn, extreme caution must be used to assure that the therrnal environment created by the system and the e ectr cal nput comply with the nom na conditions dscussed above Dev ation from these nom na condtlons may cause a change in larnp operat ng voltage, wattage. umen output and result rn deterioration of lamp

cornponents resu t ng
performance.

n reduced

amp

light output wh ch, under certa n c rcumstances may produce what s ca led stroboscop c effect Because of the stroboscop c eflect, an oblect that is moving at a un form speed may appear to move in jerks U nder the most extreme cond tions a rotatlng object such as a fly wheel, may seem to be stand ng st I or even rotat ng n a reverse d rect on. Stroboscoptc elfect s otten unnot ced and in most nstal ations t s not a prob em lt may be reduced by operatlng pa rs of lamps on lead ag type ba asts or groups of three arnps on separate phases of a three-phase c rcu t. Many nstal ations of Meta arc lamps are performing satisfactor y n areas where very fast motion OCCLTS cLrA ac .rdCl- ^e ShOpc qr--a( trr tenns courts and other spo(s areas The phys cal, electrica and photometrlc c ,:ric-a'rs, cS ol M^tald c Br^1ps atd Qt . o^ 1 Product lnformat on and Specify nq Gu de
MA-143R2

STROBOSCOPIC EFFECT
The arc rn a lvletalarc amp and a other e ectr c d scharge lamps operated on 60 hertz p a ternat ng cu rrent s com etely ext nguished 120 times per second. The lght output of the anrp s modu ated at th s rate Th s varrat on rs greater in a c ear lamp than nalvetaarc/Cora3KMetalarc

CHROMATICITY DIAGRAM
gure 25 is a graphrcal representalron of the apparent color of a amp. This graph s cal ed a
7

amp. With the phosphor-coated lamps there s sonre phosphorescence or'carry-over" action. That is, the coat ng cont nues to glow for a short per od of time after the radiat on f rom the arc s cut off . However there is st I a rapid variat on n

chromat c ty (color) diagram and shows the x and y coord nates or the des gn center of a N/lela arc lamp and also shows the correlated color

temperature in degrees Ke v n. The etter

the d agram is the des gn center of the 1000.Watt

clear N,4eta arc amp. Other N/letalarc lamps have chromatic ty des gn centers as ind cated by the r x and y chromaticrty coordinates shown n Table 1l (Paoes 16 2i).
The chromatlcity coordjnates have manufactur ng
to erances lust as are {ound in umens and phys ca srze to erances. On a chromat city dlagram the llmits or to erances for a particu ar amp are descr bed by a color ova 'as shown n the ftgure. comp eted lamp must have its and y chromat c ty coord nates fall wthinthisoval n order to meet the manufacturng spec fications for an

A
o

acceptable

arn p

''X

COORDINATE

Figure 25. Typical Chromaticity Diagram

10

During the first 100 hours of operation of a lamp the ova does not apply s nce the amp has not fuly stab lzed and settled into rts final color lamps aged 100 hours. however, shou d fall wthrn the coor ova when operated at deslgn wattage. No co or eva uation shou d be made, therefore. on a new y installed group of amps wh ch have not operated 100 hours. t must be understood that the apparent co or of the lamp does not indicate that the amp s not produc ng the ful rated umen

output, nor does

ndicate that ts co or rendering

ab ty s inadequate Color samp es illum nated by the lamp wil verify the adequacy of the co of and
a footcandle meter wiL demonstrate the relative umen output of the lamp. Correlated co or temperature, co or rendering rndex and x and y chromat crty coord nates for Metalarc lamps are given n Table I (Pages 16 21)

BALLASTING METALARC LAMPS

The Metalarc amp ach eves ts high etf cacy and exce ent color charactelst cs from the add tives n the discharge The presence of metal iodides rn the amp lead to specia bai ast ng requ rements. The od de material makes t more d fficult to ion ze the gas n the arc tube and therefore a higher open circu t vo tage s required to start a i\l eta arc lamp. To provide qood umen ma ntenance a current crest factor of 1.8 or less dur ng operation s required Current crest factor is the ratio of peak to BMS current These requ rements are satisf ed by the ead peak autotransformer c rcu t which bu lds a peak on a sine waveform and satisfies the current crest factor requirement. Ba lasts with a s ne waveform are sat sfactory f the peak voltage rneets the m n mum requ rements of the spec fic
amp.
In add t on to starting and operating requtrements

re gnite it every half,cycle. This voltage requirement s higher wlth N,4eta arc amps than with mercury vapor lamps due to the presence of the meta od des. This reign tion vo tage s affected by the waveform of the current supplied to the amp during warmup. A ser es of shorl, high current pu ses wth a ong o{f time between them eads to a condition where arc conductiv ty dec nes signrficantly between current pulses. Th s eads to a h gher voitage requirement to reignite the larnps.

to

The presence of the add t ve system mposes sho(

term votage demands on the warmup. The lead peak c rcuit

bal ast durng satisf es these requirements. Circurt and ine vo tage re at onsh ps affect the phase re ation of the votage and current suppl ed to the amp These re ationsh ps must be cons dered n the desrgf of bal ast ng for [\,4etalarc

lamps
Start ng vo tage requirements for l\,4etalarc lamps are isted in lab S m lar wattage Super lvetalarc

amps operate on the same auxrliary equ pment as standard Meta arc lamps. EFFECT OF LINE VOLTAGE VARIATION
lf

the

N,4eta

arc ba last

rs

tapped, it is very rnipofiant

to match the tap connect on to the line voltage

measured at the ba last for best arnp performance. Some ba asts are tapped to accommodate more than one ne votage, such as 120/240. and some have taps for line vo tages that are different from nom na values, such as 110/120. Var ations n the I ne votage to the ba last wi I increase or decrease the larnp watts in var ous amounts. depend ng on the ba ast type, as shown in Fiqure 28

the N/letalarc amp must be

prov ded correct electncal nput durrng its warmup per od. Any arc lamp extingu shes every electrica ha f-cycle or one hundred and twenty t mes per second on a s xty hertz suppiy. The amp requ res suff cient vo tage

T-pE

PEAK =
AN]S

AK - \./2

RMS

rl

] 8 RMS

Figure 26. Sine Waveform Relationship.

Figure 27. Lead-Peak Waveform Relationship.

R EA

CTOR

BA LLAST

\ '/

SUPER METALARC
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIONHORIZONTAL LAIVPS

110

i- los 3
:;
F
1oo

/ /

z a c.95 U

Super lvetalarc amps are a resu t of deta led stud es of the phys cs of the Nletalarc d scharge The charactenstics of partcular interest are the effects ol arc bendrng n nonvertca operatng
pos t ons and the effect on co d spot temperature of var ous orientat ons The resull of these stLrd es s the Super Metalarc {am y wh ch are des gned

for a srngle
\r-eod-pen<
I

operat

ng

pos

on and

offer

s gn ficantly higher eff cacy

I,'IETAL.HALIDE

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

PERCENT LINE VOLTS Figure 28. Effecl of lin voltag variation on lamp watts with various ballast types.

LAMP WARM UP CHARACTERISTICS

400 Watl N,4 eta arc lamp on a typical commercia ead peak autotransformer bal ast. The characteristics of other Metaiarc amps are sim ar

of a

F gure 29 shows the lamp warmup character st cs

Figure 30 is a schemat c of a N/leta ar. amp ng n the hor zontal pos tion The arc stream is bowed upward away from the ax s of arc tube and addtrve materaL are condensed along the bottom surface The bow ng effect causes the top porton of the tube to approach the acceptabe temperature m ts of the qLrartz arc tube niatena Conversely the bottom of the arc tube s at a considerab y ower temperature and promotes condensat on of the metal ha rde addit ves, thus affect ng etf cacy and co or
operat

/-,:s
TIME.MINUTES

Super N/leta arc lamps are des gned to adapt to and ut ize these natura cond t ons. The arc tubes of Super Ny'eta arc lamps are forned to accomrnodate the natura cond t ons of the arc. thus prov drng un form wa I temperature Th s n turn ncreases both the amount afd un formrty of add tive materral n the d scharge with resu tant higher eff cacy and coor unrformty Super Metalarc amps prov de approx mately twentyjrve percent h gher eff cacy oveT s m ar wattages as straight wa standard N/leta arc amps

Fisure 29. Warmup characterisrics Metalarc lamp.

ol a 40o Watt

FREE BURNING ARC

STANDARD HORIZONTAL ARC TUBE

Horzonta Super lVetalarc amps have the same ba lasting requlrements as the same wattage standard N/letalarc amp A horizonta Super Meta arc lamps must be operated n suitably enclosed fixtu res LAI'/P CONSTRUCTION The arc tube geometry deveoped for the hor zontal Super Metalarc amps necess tales contro of the lamp operat ng posrt on. To ach eve th s a special base and Lam p socket holder have been developed These are the Post on Or ented Mogul Base (POMB) and Postion Oriented Mogu Socket (POMS). The POMB has a locat ng p n attached to the shel of the base that postvey stops the amp n the cutout of the POMB The toerances allowed for nsta at on are + 150/d n

Figure 30. Schmatic diagram of a standard Metalarc arc tube operatinq in a horizontal orientation.

12

two planes. The longitud nal axis of the amp must meet this requ rement and the vert ca center ne of the body of the arc tube is he d to the same

mts. These toerances are allowed in order to account for physica mitatons of actua fxtures and nstallat ons but the lamp is rea y a po nt design and the deal sto perfect orentatron fthe al owed to erances are exceeded amp performance w I be compromised and life w il be shortened The POMS wtll accommodate a stafdard mogu base and mercury or \,4etalarc amps can be used n these sockets Fgure 31 shows the cofstructon detai s of a hor zontai Super Metaarc lamp.
POSITION OR IENTED I\lOGU L BASE

Figure 32. Spectral energy distibulion of MS4OO/HOR Clea. lamp.

LOC KIN G PIN

SPECIA LLY CONTOURED

Figure 31. Construction of a horizontal Super Metalarc lamp. Only differences from standard Metalarc lamps are

hightighted.

Fiqure 33. Spectral enerqy distribution ol

OUTPUT, LIFE AND LUMEN I\4AINTENANCE

gures 32 and 33 are spectra energy d stributions lor the hor zontal operating Super Meta arc lamps
F*

I z 100

:
l

90

cc

ao
10
60 50

F-igure 34 s amp morta ly curve. Lumen rnaintenance characteristlcs are shown tn F gure 35

o
F
ca

40
30 20 10 o

z
o

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION VERTICAL LAMPS

Vefi

a so

o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9101112 13 14 15
fo. 400 Watt Super Meralarc lamps at various burning cycles. All curves apply to operation on single lamp
Figure 34. Iypical life expectancy or monality curues

ca y operat ng Super Meta arc lamps are

ballast, or independent opration {parallel) dual ballast.

the resu t of detai ed studies of arc behavior Many N4eta arc lamps are operated vert ca ly and any mod f cat on to improve eff ciency rn th s orieftat on wou be a s gnif cant benefit As w th the hor zonta Super Metalarc lamps. adaptat on of the amp des gf to natura lamp operat ng cond t ons

\
s'"

prov des an improved Meta

vertca y convect on currents tend to separate into upper and ower patternS The lower convect on pattern s r cher n the high elt crency add t ve mater al and

na

arc amp. operated cy ndrca arc tube

ou Zb

ts output s c oser to that of a mercu ry d scharqe.

OPERATING TIME-HOURS

Figure 35. Typical lumen maintenance curve for 400 Watt Super Metalarc horizontal lamps on a ten hour per slart operatinq cycle.

13

The average etfect of these two patterns is the total

lamp output.
By forming the arc tube to the expanded seclion geometry shown in F gure 36, the convection circulation currents are modifled to a sing e pattern w th an overa increase n the addit ve content of the arc Th s des gn ncreases lamp efficacy by

OUTPUT LIFE AND LUIVEN MAINTENANCE F gure 37 ls a spectra energy drstfbut on of the 1\151000. Lumen ma ntenance and morta rty are shown n F gures 38 and 39 \ulS4OO lumen ma ntenance and morta rty are shown n F=igures 39 A and 39 B.

twentyj ve percent.

Figure 37. Spectral energy distribution of the MS1O00 Super Metalarc lamp

CLE qR

Figure 36. Arc tube geometry of the MS1OOo Super Metalarc lamp.

:60
C

OAT

:l)

The sing e convection pattern causes the arc to be slight y less stab e than arc n a stra ght walled tube and there may be an almost mperceptib e shifting or wandering effect
Vefiica y operating Super Meta arc amps have the same ba ast ng requirements as the same wattage standard Metalarc lamps. Vertica Super iV eta arc

6"
t

i30
Prc

BUAIINC HOUAS I N IHOUS^NDS]

Figure 34. Typical maintenance curve

for 1000 Watt Super Metalarc lamps on a ten hour per start operaiing cycle.

lamps are ava able in base up and base down desrqns and must be operated within 15'of verticai in su tably enclosed fixtures.

roo ...\J

-90 gBo

JS

""r-! ;:--

l-dD;

LAMP CONSTRUCTION
S

Fd F
=

3uo
F30
z

nce this amp des gn is intended for vert cal operatlon no special base and socket arrangement is requ red With the exception of the special expanded sectlon arc tube the vertcal Super Metalarc lamp construct on is ldentical to a standard Meta arc amp.

juo
boo
{r
10

3
BU RN

10

ING HOURS 1IN THOUSANOS)

Figure 39. Typical life expectancy or mortality curves for 1000 Watt Super Metalarc lamps at various burnins cycles

14

9sa
3?o ?60

ato b.o

1H++
auANrNc Houtss irN rHousrNos) suRN N6 aOURS lrN TBOuSANOST

iro
52"

Figure 39A. Typical lumen maintenance curve for 4oo-Watt Super Metalarc venical lamps on a 10 hour per stan operating cycle.

Figure 398. Typical life expectancy or monality curves for 400 Watt Super lvletalarc lamps at various burning cycles. All curves apply to operation on single lamp ballast, or independent operation (parallell dual ballast.

METALARC APPLICATIONS
INDUSTRIAL LIGHTING
Meta

USED CAR AND PARKING LOTS

The true color rend tron propeaties of

arc amps,

1OOO'Watt s1zes,

especially the 400 Watt and are the best choice for most

ndustr
h

a I ght ng applicat ons that require relat vely gh mounting of the lum na res. Obv ously the

entire range of lamps can be app ied to the various mount ng he ghts and ntensrty requ rements met fter or lighting. one nstal ation over

l\,4eta arc lamps have made it easy to locate a car by its color in the general lighting of extens ve sa es lots There are now many installat ons using poles 30 to 120 feet h gh w th 2 or more 1000-Watt Metalarc lamps per po e to produce br ght uniform ilum nat on The sales of used cars depend on the eye appeal-

400'Watt lvleta arc amps, mounted at 20 provide ght ng of 80 footcandles in the feet, unc ean atmosphere of a metal stamping and form ng plant A signif cant insta lat on, mounted 60 feet above the floor in a 180 x 50 foot room. at Cape Kennedy's Jet Propulson Laboratories Spacecraft Assemb y area uses lOOO-Watt Metalarc lamps. A ighting eve of 500 footcandles of shadowless white lght, w th fa thf ul color rendrt on, permrts rap d documentary and eng neer ng sequential co or photography w thout the use of f lters or other corrective means ln chemca and petroeum pants, where color dentifrcat on of p pes. circu ts, warning or caut on areas s of paramount importance N/leta arc lamps have found ready acceptance
For outdoor areas adjacent to factories, the high efficacy of N,4eta arc lamps perm ts econom c protect ve and parking lot lghtlng installations. Another interest ng outdoor app catron is the um nat on of one of the nation's float ng dry docks w th N/leta arc lamps. The wealth of bflght. white ght alJows after dark repa r and f nish ng activit es wilh a min mum of supplementa light ng.
1

900

ln

glitter, sparkle, high intens ty and true color renditron of cars Many used car ots across the country are currently using, with ncreased sa es, the br ghtet more efficrent lght ng of l\,4eta arc lamps to add spark e. mproved co or and saies appeal to cars.
BUILDING AND SIGN FLOOD LIGHTING

ln the ream of advertsing, slgn boards and build ng f ood lghting the 400-Watt Metalarc rs
be ng grven prirne cons deratron as the workhorse of that ndustry. B llboards ighted from the bottom w several N,4etalarc amps f oodllghting

th

in

equ pment assume dramatic new d menstons with

excel

ent coor rendton and hioh evels

of

um nat on. A more recent technique of ght ng high rise signs ut I zes Metalarc amps mounted on or close to the ground, a naTrow beam fixture is used to project the light up to the s gn l\,4aintenance becomes much less expens ve when compared to the nterna ly ighted plastic s gn norma ly used for this

app cat on Bu dings that may

be

nconspcuous n the
appearance arc ghting

da),4 me take on an attent on attracilng

at night when f oodiighted w th lveta equ pment.

15

SPORTS ARENA AND STADIUM LIGHTING

lvleta

arc's high

eff

cacy and

super

or

color

suspended or recessed lighting equipment, l\,4eta arclc or the Metalarc/3K lamps create a
br ght, cheerful store atmosphere that is p easing to merchants and customers. lvlany supermarkets are benefiting from an average of 140 200 footcandles or more throughout the store. Th s s considerab y above the nat onal average of less

tion are dramatica 1y llustrated every t me Metalarc lamps are used in sports arenas and stad ums. Most major sporting events are now te ecast n co or lnstead rf black and whlte. Because coor telecasting of footbal games, baseball seres, hockey matches and other sporting events, requ res severa times more ght than back and white, rnany sports arenas and stad ums are ghted with Nileta arc lamps wh ch provde the necessary h gher footcand es and
rend exce lent color. 1SOO-Watt Metalarc lamp s spec f cal y gned for sports lght ng applications. lwo of des the mportant features of this lamp are ts h gh umen output and good malntenance. The arc tube s designed to withstand the high currents present while mainta ninct good co or rend t on and h gh ight output throughout rated life. The

than 100 ln superrnarkets. Especally benefca a so s the h gh level of vertrcal footcandles from
Metalarc/C or the N/letalarc/3K ighting equipment, which provides adequate luminatlon not only at the top she t but at the middle and bottom shelves as wel . Colors of merchand se and packag ng are espec ally v vid under Metalarc/C or the Meta arc/3K lamps

The

1500'Watt 1V eta arc lamp operates at a corre ated color temperature, wh ch rs compat b e with color televis on broadcast ng equipment. lt is, therefore, highly su ted to sports arena and stadium lighting applications where max mum lghttng evels at mlnimum cost are of prlme mportance.

App cat ons of N/leta arc lamps are continuing to grow n number neary everyday. The future for this compact and h ghly efi c ent Ight source, wth ts exceJent color renderng characterstcs, s lmited on y by the maginat on of the des gners of today's af d tomorrow s ight ng nstallat ons and
equ pment. N,4etalarc lamps now br ng the chal enge of creating new and excit ng light ng concepts to the daily scope of the applicat on light ng eng neers and arch tects.

COMMERCIAL LIGHTING

TROUBLESHOOTING
For complete
informat

For commercial interiors, such as banks department stores, furniture stores, appliance dea ers and supermarkets. the l\,4etalarc/C or the
Meta

on

of

troubleshooting
O-345,

arc 3K lamp has been accepted by

procedures refer to Eng neer ng Bu let n lloubleshooting H D Lghtlng Systems.

merchants as an

idea ght source. Used n

16

Metalarc Lamps

Burning Positions

150 150

BASE UP IO HORIZONTAL (BU HOR)

BASE DOWN
(BD
)

HORlZONTAL
(HOR)

150 150

150 150
V ERTJCAL BASE DOWN

VERTICAL BASE UP +T5o

UNIVERSAL

+T5o

METALARC AND SUPER IVETALARC WARNING

I. OPERATE IN ENCLOSED FIXTURES ONLY The Sy van a Metalarc and Super N/leta arc. amps

NJURY AND PROPERTY DAI,/AGE FFOM HOT QUARTZ ABC TUBE PART CLES. SHATTERED GLASS BURNS, AND FIRE. Enclosed rnatena s

must be operated on y n f xtures which are enc osed wth tempered glass, or other suitable
mater a s spec f ed by the fixture manufacturer for use w th Sy van a 1amps. These lamps are sublect to a type of fa ure n wh ch the arc tube, operat ng at a pressure of approx mate y 50 p.s. . burstsafd shatters the outer lacket resu t ng n the drscharge of hot quartz arc tube part c es (as h gh as 1B32oF 1000"C) and the outer lacket partrc es. ntheevent of such fa lure THERE lS A RISK OF PERSONAL

must withstand thrs risk lf you have an open if you do not know whether the enclosures in your fixture can saiely withstand an arc tube rupture, contact GTE Sylvania or your fixture manuJacturer for information.

lixture or

U. L Standard 1572 (December 10, 1984) may not wthstand an arc tube ruplure. The risk of fire and injury to persons or property may be present even though the enclosures have U. L. labels.

Enc osu res wh ch com ply w th

II. ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION EXPOSURE IH]S tAMP CAN CAUSE SERIOUS SKIN BURN AND EYE NFLAN/MATION FROIV SHORTWAVE ULTRAVOLET RADIATION IF OUTER JACKET OR ENVELOPE OF THE LAIVP IS BROKEN OR PUNCTURED Do not use where peope wil rema n for more than a few m nutes unless adequate sh elding (tempered glass or other su table enc osure materials described rn
paragraph I above) or other safety precautions are used. Lamps that w I automatica y extingu sh when the outer enve ope s broken or punctured are commercial y availab e. TH S LAN/P CONFORIIS TO FEDERAT STANDARD 21CFR,1O4O30

KEY TO DATE OF MANUFACTURE

The date of manufacture of this amp s shown n coded nformat on v sible e ther on the meta tab inslde the lamp near the base or embossed on the base. The letters "SR" always precede the date code. The numbers following 'SR' represent a 3 dig t, 10 year (120 month) date code stafiing wth January 1981 as 001 and end ng wth December

1990 as 12A aor example. date code 007 designates a lamp manufactured n Ju y 1981.
INSTALLATION AND OPERATI NG

INSTRUCTIONS

arc amps w I operate satisfactori y on y f the aux liary equipment (eg bal ast. startet capac tor
[\,4eta

III, ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD Do not remove or nse( lamp when power is on. lf outer jacket is broken, shut off power mmedlate y and remove lamp after it has coo ed.

& socket) conforms to e ectr cal spec f cat ons set forth n the Product Bulletins ava lab e from GTE
Sy

vania.

N4eta

arc anrps wil not operate

w th

aux ary equ pment des gned for mercury lamps of the sanre wattage.
Lamps shou d be screwed rnto the socket firm y without using undue pressure. Screw lamp nto socket using dome end rather than the arger lamp d ameter to avoid damag ng the amp This amp s equ pped wth a date-record ng base. There s no guesswork about the burn ng life of the lamp. (S mp y scratch through the appropriate code numbers, the month and year the lamp is
installed)

IV PROPER CARE AND MAINTENANCE

To m nim ze the hazards described above

l)

Operate amps on y ln compat ble f xtures and on c rcu ts wired w th appropflate auxi ary equ pment (See Operatng lnstructons
be ow);

2)
3) 4)

Operate amp ony in postion specified Operat ng nstructions be ow, Do not expose lamp to mo sture, Replace amp f outer bulb s scratched;

in

5) Repace amp at or before the end of rated life as specrf ed in GTE Sylvan a Product Bu et ns for each lamp typei 6) Turn lamp off for at least fifteen minutes at least once a week,
7) Electrca y nsulate any rneta support n contact wth outer lacket to avoid g ass
decom pos tion;

The letters BD BU-HOR" BU', HOR'. or 'U appear on the outer lacket beneath the Sylvan a"' 1ogo, and specify the posrt on n which the amp must be operated. These pos t ons are as follows:

BD-Base Down, lamp must be operated on y n a postion wh ch is wrthin 15o of Base Down Vert ca BU-HOR Base Up to Horizontal, lamp must be operated n a postion +9Oo of Base Up BU-Base Up Only, lamp must be operated n a positon whch s wth n 15o Base Up. HOR-Horizontal, lamp must be operated on w th n 15' ot hor zonta

a pos tion which s

U-Universal, Lamp must be operated burninq posit on

in

any

,18

SYLUA N tA

ll!;i'Xfrco""'"

ut

GiEl

ffi
Location Sales Offices
(TO OBTAIN SALES AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION)

Distribution Centers
(TO ORDER LAMPS AND TO OBTAIN SHIPPING INFORMATION) WAREHOUSE STOCKS MAINTAINED IN THESE LOCATIONS

Zip Code Atlanta, Ga. Aoston. Mass. Buffalo, N.Y. Charlotte. N.C.
Chicago, lll. (Elk Grove Vilage)
2115 Sylvan Rd.. S W. 444-762-1741 2115 Syvan 30344 01970
14224

Zip Code

Rd.

S W

4047621181
105 Andover Slreet P.O Box 377, Danvers, 617 777 19AO X2A66
N4A

30344 01923

60 Boston Street, Salern, IVA

617-777-1900-X3673

25 Dewberry Lane, Gardenviie lnd. Park

716 668 7559 3811 North Dav dson Sl.. P O. Box 5246 744-334-4671

25 Dewbeny Lane. Gardenvrle lnd Park

716 668 7555

3811 Nonh Davrdson Sl .

24225 60007 45242 44135 744 334 4671

O Box 5246
28225
s

800 Devon Ave., Elk Grove Vilage, lllnois

312,593-3400 5480 Creek Road 513 793 6444 4848 West 1301h Slreet
216-267-6AAA

800 Devon Ave, Elk Grove V llage. lllno

312-593-3400 5480 Creek Road 513 793 6440 4848 Wesl 1301h Street 2T6-267-6800

60007

Cincinnati. Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio Dallas, Texas
(Carro lton)

44135 75011 5018

802r 6
N4l

2040 McKenzie
214 247 78AA

Dr PO

Box 5018 Carrollton. TX

2040{vlcKenzeDr,PO Box 5018 Carrollton. TX

214 241,1800

750f-5018
80216 44126
06r 03

Denver. Colorado

4675 Holly Streel

303-399-1760 10800 Ford Road. Dearborn. Ml 313 582 8754 100 Constilut on Plaza 203 249 5823

4675 Holly Sveel

303,399-1760 10800 Ford Road Dearborn 313 582 8754 105 Andover Slreel 611777 lgAO

Detroil, Michigan
(Dearborn)

Hartford, Conn. Honolulu. Hawaii

Houston. Texas Kansas City, Kansas Los Angeles, Calif. Minneapolis, Minn.
(Frid ey)

PO

Box 377. Danvers MA

01923
f.

770 Kapiolan Blvd Su te 513

808-536,5267 96813 77448
661 15 P

l8ll

Adran Road. Burlngame Ca

4i5 697 3500

1440 Greengrass Dr 713 869 8671

940r 0 714O8
661 15

I440 Greengrass Dr.

713 869 8671

450 FLrnston Road

913-371 -3773

450 Funslon Road

913-371-3773

6505 East Gayharl Slreel,

213 726 1666

Box 2795
900s1 55421 70r 83 10017

6505 East Gayhart Slreel 213 7261666 5330 lndusirial Bvd. N.E.. Ffldley Minn.
612 571 9400 5510 Jelferson Highway 504,733-6970 1000 HLry er Slreet. Teterboro. N J 212 244 AA2A 7492 Chan.eLor Driv-6 P 305-859,6220
55421

5330 lndustrial Blvd N E.. Frdley, lV nn

612-571-9444 5510 Jetlerson Hrghway 504 733 6970

New Orleans, Louisiana New York. New York Orlando, Florida Philadelphia. Penn.
(Devon)

70183

237 Park Avenle. glh

212-503-1410

F oor

7492 Chancellot Dflve P.O Box 133274

305-859-6220 32859
19333
P

O Box

133274 32859

465 Devon Park Oriv P.O. Box 500. Devon. PA

215 293

9330

465 Devon Park Drve.

215-293-9330
412 781 1533

Box 500. Devon. PA

19333

Pittsburgh, Penn St. Louis, lllissouri

(Hazelwood)

450 Butler Street.

412.7A1 4533

O. aox 9544
15223

450 Bltler Slreel P

Box 9544
15223 63412 94010

5656 Campus Parkway. Hazelwood. MO 314-731-5515

5656 Campus Parkway Haze wood, MO 314 731,5515 94010 98108 18T1 Adrian Foad. B!rlingame Calit 415-697-3500

san Francisco. Calil.

lBurlingame)

l81T Adrian Road Burlingame, Calil.

415 697-3500

Seattle, Washington

750 So.

lV

chigan Slreel

750

So

M ch

gan Street 98r08

07608

206-t 63-2664 1000 Huy er Streel 201 2AA 9484

206 763 2660 1000 Huy er Street

Telerboro, New Jersey

Washington, D.C.
(Springf e

6610 Eleclron c
703-354,3100

Drve Springfield.

VA
22151

6610 Eleclronc
703 354 3100

Drve Springfield

VA

Va.)

Pfinted n

usA

GTE PRODUCTS CORPORATION Lighling Center Danvers. lvlassachusetts 01 923 617-777-1900