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Mercury Lamps

TABTEOFCONIENTS
Page

Theory of Operation Lamp Construction lllumination Characteristics of Mercury Lamps Efficacy Spectral Energy Distribution Lamp Designations ......... Types of Mercury Lamps 40,75 and 100-Watt ..... 100, 175 and 2SO-Watt . . . 400-Watt

.-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4
5

6 6 6

6
6
7 7 7

700and 1000-Watt

......

Self-Ballasted Lamps RS Sun Lamp Performance Data . . Table of Performance Data . . Performance Data for Mercury Reflector Lamps Tableof Performance Data ....... Types and Applications

7
7

.10,I1
8
9

Candlepower Distributions Coefficients of Utilization - Zonal Cavity Method Mercury Lamp Ballasts . Low Power Factor Reactor Balast ....... High PowerFactor Reactor Ballast ... .. Low Power Factor Autotransformer Ballast High Power Factor Autotransformer Ballast Constant Wattage Autotransformer Ballast Premium Constant Wattage Ballast ...... Two Lamp Lead-Lag Reactor Ballast Two Lamp Series Constant Wattage Ballast Operating Characteristics of Mercury Lamps Lamp Life Lumen Maintenance ... Starting and Warm-Up Effect of Line Voltaqe Variation Lamp Operating Position Over-Wattage Operatio n Effect of Temperature Stroboscopic Effect Direct Current Operation

9,12,13 13,14
T4

T4

t4
14
15

15
16

16 16

I7
T7

I7
l6

I8 I8
19

19
19 19

Radiointerference .... Troubleshootinq ......

Bulb Shapes and S izes Warning Notice and Operating Instructions

20 20 20 20

SYTVANIA MERCURY TAMPS

THEORYOF OPERATION
The mercury lamp belongs to the classification known as high intensity discharge (H.I.D.) lamps. In lamps of this type, light is produced by the passage of an electric current through a gas or vapor under pressure instead of through a tungsten wire as in the
incandescent lamp.

bailasting device. Various types of ballasts for mercury lamps are described on pages 14 and I5.
When the line switch is turned on, the starting voltage of the ballast is impressed across the gap between the operating electrodes at opposite ends of the arc tube and also across the small gap between the operating electrode and the starting electrode. This ionizes

The first practical. mercury lamp was the CooperHewitt lamp developed by Peter Cooper Hewitt in 1901. This was a tubular source about 4 feet long the argon gas in the starting gap, but the current is which produced light that was distinctly bluish- limited to a small value by the starting resistor. When green in color at a high efficacy compared with the there is sufficient ionized argon and mercury vapor incandescent lamps of those days. The first high- distributed throughout the arc tube, an arc strikes pressure mercury lamp, similar to the ones used between the operating electrodes. This vaporizes today, was introduced in 1934 in the 400-watt size. more mercury, and the lamp quickly warms up to a Lamps now available range in size from 40 watts to stable condition. After the rrrain arc strikes, the startI000 watts. ing resistor causes the potential across the starting The electrical circuit of a typical mercury lamp is gap to be too low to maintain that discharge, and the shown schematically in Figure 1. Ballasts of the cor- lamp current flows between the operating elecrect size and type are required to operate mercury trodes. lamps on any standard electrical circuit to convert The ions and electrons which comprise the current the distribution voltage of the lighting circuit to the flow, or "arc discharge," are set in motion at tremenrequired starting voltage for the lamp and to control dous speeds on the path between the two operating the current during operation of the lamp. This cur- electrodes at opposite ends of the arc tube. The imrent control is necessary because the mercury lamp, pact of the speeding electrons and ions on the surlike all discharge light sources, has a "negative resist- rounding gas or vapor briefly changes their atomic ance" characteristic. Once started, the arc will structure. Light is produced from the energy given "runaway" with itself and draw an excessive current off by the affected atoms as they change back to that will destroy the lamp if not controlled by a their normal stritcture.

OPERATING MOGUL LIN E VOLTAG E

ELECT

TAG TO LAMP STARTING RESISTOR STARTING

ELECTRODE

FILLED WITH MERCURY AND ARGON

ARC TUBE

Figure

1.

Electrical circuit of a typical mercury lamp.

IAMP CONSTRUCTION
The basic parts of a typical mercury lamp are shown 2. Although there are many sizes and several shapes of mercury lamps, the most commonly

in Figure

used types are of two bulb construction with an outer bulb "jacket" and an inner bulb "arc tube". The arc tube, made of quartz, contains the arc, mercury vapor, electrodes and a small amount of argon gas. The outer bulb, usually filled with nitrogen, protects the arc tube from damage and atmospheric corrosion. It also regulates the arc tube operating temperature and acts as a filter to absorb ultraviolet radiation. Sylvania mercury lamps have a rough service onepiece arc tube mount frame construction. The arc tube is firmly supported and correctly positioned by

spring spacer supports. The operating electrodes are of trimetallic construction which insures high elec' tron emission and maximum lumen maintenance. A formed tungsten rod supports a spaced tungsten coil

with a trimetallic oxide emissive compound embedded firrnly within the spaced coils and protected by a threaded tungsten coil. The outer bulb is made of Borosilicate (hard) glass, and the mechanical nickel-plated brass base has a date recording feature for marking the month and year the lamp was installed. In some mercury lamps the inner surface of the outer bulb is coated with a white phosphor which improves the color by converting a large part of the ultraviolet energy radiated by the arc into visible

light, predominantly in the red region of the spectrum.

SHOCK ABSORBER SPR ING SPACER TABS

QUARTZ ARC TUBE

TRIMETA LLIC PERATING ELECTROOE

ARTING ELECTRODE (PROBE) ROUGH SERVICE ARC TUBE MOUNT

FRAME

SHOCK ABSOREER SPRING SPACER TABS

L IFE

RESISTOR

NICKEL PLATEO BRASS

ECHAN ICAL BASE WITH

DATE RECORDING FE ATURE

Figure
4

2.

Basic parts of a typical mercury lamp,

\*

ILTUMINATION CHARACTERISTICS OF MERCURY TAAAPS

Efficacy
High light output is one of the important advantages of mercury lamps. The initial efficacy (at 100 hours operation) ranges from 30 to 63 lumens per watt, depending on the wattage and color of the lamp. This does not include the ballast losses which should be added to the lamp watts when comparisons are made with other light sources. Spectral Energy Distribution operates. Standard H.I.D. rnercury lamps operate at vapor pressures within the range of one to ten atmospheres. At these pressures the mercury spectrum consists of four principal wavelengths in the visible spectrum, 404.7, 435.8, 546.1 and 578.0 nanometers, and two in the ultraviolet at334.2 and365.0 nanometers. The quartz arc tube transmits all waveIengths, but the glass outer bulb cuts off practically all wavelengths below 300 nanometers and passes only the near ultraviolet and the visible light.

The spectrum of a mercury lamp contains strong lines in the ultraviolet and visible regions. The pressure in the quartz arc tube is responsible to a large degree for the mercury lamp's characteristic spectral energy distribution. The exact spectral distribution varies greatly with the pressure at which the arc tube

The clear mercury lamp produces a bluish-white light in which there is virtually no red radiation. Because of the strong b1ue, green and yellow lines, these colors on objects are enhanced;but the lack of red makes orange and red appear brownish.

*lvE!n6fi lli
Correlated Color Tempsrature - 59O0'K Color Rsnderinq lndex - 22 CIE Chromalicity - x =.32Oy =.379

laNoxETERs

Correlated Color Temperarure - 3600.K Color Rendering lndex - 47 CIE Chromaticit - x =.400y = -380

Figure

3.

Spectral energy distribution of 400-Watt Clear

Figure

5.

mercury lamp (H33CD-400).

Spectral energy distribution of 400-Watt Warm

Deluxe mercury lamp (H33G L-400/WDX).

Correlatsd Color Temperature - 42O0'K Color Renderins Index - 45 CIE Chromalicity - x =.3a3 y =.419

Correlated Color Temperature

Color Fenderins lndex - 43 CIE Chromaticity - x =.382 Y =.385

40O0'K

Figure

4.

Spectral energy distribution of 4OO,Watt Colol

lmproved mercury lamp (H33c L-400/C).

Figure 6. Specral energy distribution of 400-Watt Brite-White Deluxe mercury lamp (H33GL-400/DX).

A phosphor coating on the inside of the outer bulb

greatly improves the color of the light by converting iome of the ultraviolet energy into visible light in the same way as in fluorescent lamps. (See Engineering Bulletin 0-341.) These phosphors not only improve the color rendering but also increase the initial light output for some types. The Sylvania Brite-White Deluxe mercury lamp, for example, has an europiumactivated phosphor coating that peaks in the red

region of the spectrum and also increases the initial efficacy. This improves the color rendition, as compared with clear mercury lamps. The color rendering capability of the Warm Deluxe mercury is superior to that of the Brite-White Deluxe mercury lamp. Spectral energy distribution curves for 400-watt mercury lamps of several types are shown in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6-

IAMP DESIGNATIONS
Mercury lamps have identifying designations of their own which are quite different from those for incandescent and fluorescent lamps. This system is authorized and administered by the American National Standards Institute (A.N.S.l.). All designations start with the letter "H" from the Greek word "Hydrargyrum", meaning mercury. Following this is an arbitrary number or numbers which indicate the electrical characteristics of the lamp and ballast. If there are two numbers, it indicates that the lamp will operate from either type of ballast. The two following letters identify the bulb size, shape, finish and other physical characteristics, excluding color. Where the outer bulb is phosphor-coated, a slant line
The standard ANSI designations have been revised to include lamp nominal wattage. At the same time the second of two sets of numbers describing the ballast

and one or more letters are added to specify the color. For example, the H33-IGL/DX designation for the 400-watt Brite-White Deluxe mercury lamp breaks down as follows: Old ANSI Designation H - Indicates mercury lamp 33-1 - Numbers for 400-watt ballasts GL - Two arbitrary letters which describe the physical characteristics of the lamp, such as bulb size, shape and finish. DX - indicates Brite-White Deluxe color. This part of the designation does not appear on clear lamps.
New ANSI Designation H - Indicates mercury lamp 33 - Numbers for 400-watt ballast GL - Same as old ANSI 400 Indicates nominal lamp wattage DX - Indicates color on coated lamps (In this example Brite-White Deluxe)

were dropped, i.e., 33-I became 33 for a 400-watt lamp. The designations were changed to help in identifying a particular lamp by its designation.

Using the new system the 400-watt DX Mercury

lamp becomes H33GL-400/DX.

TYPESOFMERCURYTAMPS
Mercury lamps for general applications range in size from 40 to 1000 watts. The most widely used mercury lamps are the 400-watt and 1000-watt sizes. Although the various sizes cannot be separated exactiy by applications, the following Eoupings may be made by wattages and common applications.

100, 175 and 250-Watt (Mogul Base, BT-25 and

BT-28 Bulbs)

40-100 Watt (Med. Base, A-23, B-21. G-40 Bulbs) These compact mercury lamps are approximately the same size as the ordinary 150-watt incandescent lamp and provide tp lo 2-I/2 times the light output of the corresponding wattage incandescent lamps. They are ideally suited for post lanterns, patios, motor courts, parking areas, buiiding entrances and resi.dential applications. The G-40 is ideal for decorative applications where bulb is visible. The 4o-watt H45AY-40/50/DX may be operated as a SO-watt
lamp on an H46 ballast.
6
t

Applications for these low-wattage lamps include general lighting in low bay areas, residential and secondary street lighting and floodiighting. For blacklight applications in the theater, nightclubs and other entertainment areas the clear lamps are used with a filter. They are available in clear and several
phosphor-coated types.

400-Watt (Mogul Base, BT-37 Bulb) This is the most popular lamp in the mercury line. It is commonly used for street lighting in downtown and intermediate areas, for industrial lighting in medium and hiqh bay areas and for floodlighting parking lots. Clear and several phosphor-coated types are available.

700 and 1000-Watt (Mogul Base, 8T-46 and

Bulbs)

8T-56

RS Sun Lamp

The 1000-watt mercury lamp is much more widely

the 700-watt. Included in its applications are roadway lighting in heavily tavelled areas, high bay industrial lighting and floodlighting for parkinq lots. These J.amps are made in clear and several
used than

phosphor-coated types.

CAUTION: The 1000-watt lamp is available in two types - the H34 High Current and the H36 Low Current. The former has a nominal operating current of 8 amperes and a rated average life of 16,000 hours, as compared with 4 amperes and 24,000 hours respectively for the latter. They are not interchangeable and must be operated on ballasts designed for that lamp type. Lamps and ballasts could be destoyed if
H34, HS6lamps are interchanged. Self-Ballasted Lamps Self-baliasted mercury lamps are available from sev-

The RS Sun Lamp is a 27 S-watt self-ballasted mercury lamp in an R-40 bulb with a built-in reflector to provide ultraviolet radiation for tanning. A Vycor glass bulb transmits the erythemal ultraviolet energy generated by the mercury arc which is controlled by an automatic starting switch and a tungsten filament which acts as a ballast. The arc and filament combined consume 275 watts, and the lamp can be operated directly on any 1 l0- I30 volt, 50-60 hertz alternating current circuit. A warm-up period of about two minutes is required to reach full ultraviolet output, and restart time is approximately 3 minutes if the arc is interrupted. Rated life of the Sun Lamp is 1200 applications. Read instructions carefully prior to actual usage. Fig. 7 is a spectral energy distribution (SED) curve for a typical sunlamp.

eral manufacturers in various wattages and bulb

shapes. These lamps are designed to operate directly

the external ballast required by standard mercury lamps. In self-ballasted lamps the necessary bailasting is provided by a tungsten filament which operates in series

on I20 volt or 220-240 volt circuits without

with a quartz arc tube to control the current and voltage. These lamps have considerably lower efficacies and shorter lives than mercury lamps using separate baliasts because of the lower efficacy o{ the tungsten filament.

Figurs

7.

275-Watt Sun Lamp

PERFOR'YIANCE DATA
Table 2 on pages 10 and 11 lists nominal values for physical, electrical and photometric characteristics of Sylvania mercury lamps. Dimensional and elec-

trical

values shown are equal

to or

exceed ANSI

standards wherever applicable.

PERFORMANCE DATA FOR

SYTVANIA TVIERCURY REFLECTOR TAAAPS

(Prcviously in Enginee ng Bulletin 0-329)

Performance data for all mercury reflector lamps are listed in Tabie I. Electrical parameters a.re the same as those given for standard types of comparable wattage in Table 2 on pages I0 and I1.

Sylvania Mercury Reflector lamps combine the directional advantages of incandescent reflector lamps with the high output feature of mercury sources. In common with other reflector lamps they offer built-in reflectors that virtually elimin-

ate the need for labor to clean fixtures. They have long 1ife, which further reduces the need for labor, and have good lumen maintenance. Reflector lamp sources are actually fixtures in themselves because of the built-in reflector and several other characteristics which produce various beam distributions from spot to very wide flood. Although they can be used without luminaires, it is recommended that they be installed in a metal shielding to protect the bulb from impact or other harm.

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lector Descriptions Mercury reflector lamps have three different types of reflector coatings as listed in the Reflector Description column of Table 1. These are: (1) Metallic; (2) Phosphor; (3) Metallic and Phosphor. With the metallic reflector, most of the light is directed through the face of the bulb. This is particularly helpful in dirty environments because most of the dirt collects on the outer surface of the reflector portion of the bulb and not on the face, which greatly reduces maintenance requirements. The phosphor coating allows some of the light to pass through the sides of the bulb but reflects approximately twothirds through the face of the bulb. The phosphor coating converts some of the ultraviolet energy from the arc tube into useful light and thus provides color improvement. The metallic reflector and phosphor coating combination directs color-improved light in the desired direction.
Ref

Color Designations Colors available for various types of Sylvania Mercury Reflector lamps are listed in Table I under Color Designation. Included are: (I) Clear, (2) Color Improved, (3) Brite White Deluxe. The clear lamps give the charactedstic mercury blue-green light that di.storts most colors. The color-improved lamps have a phosphor coating that adds red Light. Use of the Brite White Deluxe lamps brings the maximum in color rendition for mercury reflector lamps and an improvement in lumen output, compared with the color-improved 1amps. Candlepower Distribution Table 1 lists the maximum beam candlepowers and beam spreads available with Sylvania Mercury Reflector lamps. The candlepower distribution curves for the complete line are shown in Figures 8 to 15.

TYPES AND APPLICATIONS 100 Wart Par-38

Available in both spot and flood distribution (See Figure 8), these lamps can be used for general floodlighting. The distinctive blue-Eeen color does a particularly good job in brightlighting shrubs and trees. However, they are most often used with a filter for blacklight applications, such as egg candling, pass out identification, location of cracks and other defects in metal parts and decorative biacklighting.
100 and 175 Watt R-40 These lamps, with Brite White Deluxe color and medium base, are handy replacements for 150 Watt and 300 Watt, R-40 incandescent lamps when a ballast is added to each socket. Although they will physically fit fixtures designed for R-40 incandescent lamps with medium base, they must be used only with the proper ballast. The many applications for

ination is present. The H33DN-400/C and H33DN-400/DX make use of phosphor coatings
rather than metallic reflectors. The Brite White
DeLuxe H3SDN-400/DX is especially recommended where good color rendition and high lumen output
are

extremely dirty areas, especially where oil contarn-

important.

these lamps include private security lighting, lowbay warehouse lighting and landscape floodlighting. They are also recommended for lighting walkways, driveways, yards and patios.
400 Wafi R-57 The three lamps in this family are primarily used in

400 wafi R-60 The three lamps with R-60 bulbs offer a choice of three light distributions including Wide Flood, Very Wide Flood and Verv Wide Flood with High Beam, as shown in Figures 13 and 14. The proper lamp to use is determined by specific light intensity and light beam spread requirements. For the best color rendi tion the Brite White Deluxe H33FS-400/DX and H33HL-400/DX lamps are recommended. The three lamps in this family are used principally for outdoor floodlighting. They are especially recommended in such installations as sports fields, gas stations, parking areas, airports, railroad yards and building floodlighting.

industrial applications where conventional luminaires would be too difficult to maintain, either because of inaccessibility or an extremely dirty environment. Fixtures are not needed with these lamps, but they do require a hood or shield to protect the upper surface of the lamps. The metallic reflector H33FY-400 is used where color correction is unimportant and downlight only is desired. It is ideal for

watt 8T-56 Although this lamp has the same 8T-56 bulb as is used by standard 1000 Watt mercury lamps, it is
1000

2. Instead of the full phosphor coating of standard it has one-half of the bulb coated with phosphor, which serves as a serni-reflector. It provides better lumen maintenance and higher light utilization throughout life than the standard 8T-56 lamps with full phosphor. The H36KY-I000/DX rnust be operated with the low curent ballast.
lamps

classed as a reflector lamp but is also listed in Table

TABt

PERFORMANCE DATA FOR S

ulb

Base

Type

Liqhr 0verall
Center

Nominal Lamp Watts (A)

Shape

(AllScrew Type)
NickelPlated
Brass

ANSI 0osignation

ANSI 0esignation

Size

(l

Le

gth

!enqth
(lnches)

ches)

Length (lnches)

Color
Designation

40

H45A2.40/50 H45AY 40/50/DX H45AY 40/50/0X H43AZ i5 H43AY 75/DX H38MP r 00/DX H38AZ 100 H38AY 100/C H38AY.100/DX

H45 AZ H45 AY/DX

Clear

821

6.112
l\4ed

3 3i 4i3i 16 3 3r4'3/16 3.31413/ 16

2113211i?

Brite While 0eluxe

50tF)
75

H45 AY/OX H43.AZ

821
821

!nr

6112

2t 32!t18
1 3/6411/8

Brite Whire Dehxe

Clear Brite While 0 eluxe

[4ediu m

E|2
5.1116

H4] AY/OX
H

38

-4t\lPl

A23 821

3 1t2.\3116
3 31413/16

1.3/64i1/8
13/64+1/8

Brile White Deluxe

Clear Color lmproved Brite White Deluxe Clear

H38-AZ H48.AY/C
H38 AY/DX H38 4HT

6v2

100

H38HT-100 H38JA.t00/C H38JA-100/W H38iA.r 00/DX H38JA 1OO/N H33KB 175

H3SKC.175/C

H38.4JA/C

Color lmproved

H384JA/W H38 4JA/DX

H3S 22XB H33 22KClC

BI )5

111?

5r3/16

I 3/64,

1/8 Srne Ul/hite 0eluxe

175

Clear
C

olor lmproved

H3SKC.175/W
H3SKC 175/DX H3SKC 175/N 250

H3S.22KClW
H3S 22 KC/DX

tr,4oqLrl

5/r6

5rl

16

1 3/4.1/8 Brhe Whne Deluxe

H37K8.250 H37KC.250/C H37KC.250/W HtTKC-250/DX

H37.5K8 H37.5KC/C H37.5KC/W H37 5KC/DX

Clear

8T.28

[4ogu

8.5/ 16

513i16

2'r18
Erire White Dduxe

Hl7KC.250/N
H33AR-400 400 H33C0.400
H33 l AB

T t6

[4 Lrqu

t1

213116,1/8

Clear Clear

H33Gt.400/C
H33G L-400/W

H33,1C0 H33,1GL/C

Color Improved 8T

H33Gt.400/0X H33 G r.400/N

H331GL/W H331GL/DX
H35 18NA H35.18N D/C

3l

[4ogu

11.1 2

1-114

2 13/ r 6r

118

Srite Whire 0eluxe

i00

H35NA.700 H35N0.700/C H35N0 700/W H35NO ?t)tl/DX H34GV 1000

H34CW 1000/C

Clear

Color lmproved
BT 46
[4 ogu
I

H35 18ND/W H15.r8N O/DX H3412GV

14112

9r2J/8

511/4 Erile While 0eluxe

Clear

1000
High Current

H34.r2GWC
H3412GW/W H34.12GWDX H36,15GV
H36,15GW/C BT 56

Color lmproved liloq!

I

H3iGW 1000/W
H34GW 1000/DX

15.3/8

l12r 3/8

5.5i 811/4

Erite White Deluxe Clear BT 56 l\4oq

1000
Slandard

H36GVl000
H36GW 1000/C H36GW-1000/W

H36GW.1000/DX
1500

H36.15GWW H]6 ] 5GWDX H36.15GV

H36.15GW/C

r5

318

I t/:'J'8

Color lmproved

,118!tl4

!ryhite Brite Whits Deluxe

H36GV.1000 H36GW.1000/C

0ata G ven lor 1500 Watl 0perat on 0r H36 I5GV And H36 CWC tamps

Clear

Color lmproved

(A)

Nominal lamp watts do not include ballast watiage. Ballast wattage is approximatly 10 L5?/. of lamp watts Consult individLral ballast manufacturers data Warm up time 45 mins Re start time 46 mjns
qiven in eiqhths of an inch. Dimension given is

indl dimnsion Example: BT 56 paqe 20 )

is 56 eighths or 7 inches diam. (See

(B) Bulb diameter

nom

(C) App.oxlmate innial lumen values given after 100 hours of opera tion witir lamp operated at rated watts. Initial footcandle reading
shouldnotbetakenbeforel00hoursofoperation.

10

ILE

SYLVANIA MERCURY LAMPS

Vertical0peralion
Approximate lvlean l(msns Horizontal 0peration
For l\4inimum Sta(ing

lnitial
(100 Ht.)

As Percenr

lnitial

Life lndicated (E)

irial (100 Hr.)

Approximate ruiean Lurnens As Percent lnitial Fot Life lndicared (E)

Volts To Assure Given

Lamp 0perarion

Iamp 0peraiioq
Cunent (Amps) (Nom'rral) Life
(Hours) (E)

Srartin! Beliahility At

dicared Temp. 90% 90%

(c)

16000 H'
B5

(c) 24000 Hr
1145 1230

16000 Hr.
82 76.2

?4000 Hr

s8% (D)

(0)
N'F

(0)

+50
r

Horiz.
F

Horz.

-2n
r80

1200 1350 1680

19.2

50'

170.

90

88

0.5 3

.54

16000

192
87

r650
Not
2

162
8,1

2800
3150

Gs0

78
81

15

Not

200.
208

2r0.
210

225 225 ?25

130

135

n fi4 0.85 0 85

n65
0.88

16000 16000 16000

4400 4100 4000 4400 4100

4200

r30 r30

130

90 86
81

Applirabl

3800 3800

31

App

cab e

200

214

r30

088

85 68.0

4200
78.0 3900 3900

825
7S.0

820
78.0 73.0

76.0 68.5

4r00
4400
4500 3750

745 745
93 5

705 660
66.0

4200 4200 1450 1450 8000

80n0

645
645
88.0

200'

210*

?25

13n

r30

0.85

088

24000

i3.0
92.0 90.0 87.0 87 0

7850
850 8500
7

903
86.5 84.5

!1.0

8s.0
82.0 82.A 200

8!0
89.0

210

225

130

150

r.5 5

24000

8500 7000

845

12000
11850 13000 13000 11000 1S500 20500 20500

90.8 89.0 85.0 85 0

86.5
82.A

11400

87 5
85

82.5 78.5 73.0

r

11250
12300 12300

78.0

i8

79 5 79 5

90"

214

D5

130

1?9

2.1

2.15

24000

730

18500 91 2 90.6

12000

875

850
81.5 81.5

500 1S500
1S

895
865

8s.0 81.5 76.5

7

23000 23000
1C000

875

21150

320

190'

111

225

135

r30

32

3.4

24000

875
91.0 8S.0 85.5

21t50

6.5

41000 4t 000 44500 445n0

55000 55000 61000 61000

87.0 82.5 79.0 79 0

39000 39000

890
860
81.0

84.0 80.0 75.0 16 0

855 850
840
11

42000 42000
52000

215

325',

375

"

?65

250

28

30s

240fln

810
81 0

t
a

Not

52000
e

790
70.0

Applcab

58000
58

Not Applicable

200

"

325

3i5

135

r34

8.0

8.1

16000+

t7

000

70n
84.5

I
1l

5i 500 5i 500
63000

880
86.0
11 11

83.5

54500 54500 60000 60000

/90
74.0 65.5 65.5

78 70

sr
13

.0 .0

70.5
5

73.0
t)

215

325.

375-

265

252

40

4.3

2400n

63000 85000 85000

f,4ean LLmens For 2000 Hour L ie = 16000 It4ean Lunrefs

F0.2000 Hour L fe

= 76000

Data Not Availab e 0r App icab

2000

(D) Minimum stdrting volts required to assure qjven startinq reliabilirv al indicated temperature denotes, for example, that at 0'F with 210 volts open circuir voliaqe available that 90% of the 40o-waft lamps will ignjte and stabrlize to 95"/" of rheir minimum rared volrage within l5 minutes. Although a lower open circuit volrage may ignite th.' Ldmp a higher open ci.cuir volrage than rhis minlmum may be required for proper warm up. stabilization and reliability of

starting t hrough out th life of the lamp. See

(*)note.

(E) Rated life and mean

Lunlens based on L0 hours operatins tlme per slart. Mean lumens based on ballast cresr lactors ol I 4 to t.5 Mean lumens decrease with higher crest factors.

(F) For 50 watt operdtion

an H46 batlast is required. *Higher voltage may ba requued ro maintain tamp operation.

11

CANDLEPOWER DISTR IBUTIONS

r6

n
12

:=

e,
=

;4

t\

\
2A 40
Fiqure 8

60
IS

a0

DEGFE5 FFOM BEAN4 AX

Figure g

lcl
12

z
1

lt

;8
B

\
\ \

A\
Figure 11
DEGREES FROM AEAM AXLS

Fisuie 10

4 3

OEGBEES FROM AEAM AXIS

Figure 12
12

16

n
)
I

1.\

n le\
8T.56

nio
s

96
o5 ;4
3

;s
3

l
o

\l

r----f

s6

\ \

ft3

x*
I

DEGREES FROM BEAM AXIS

20

40

60

8090

o.u^.... ,^or

Figure 14

".o'L Figure 15

o,,130

'uo

of Utilization Table 3 lists Zonal Cavity Method Coefficients of Utilization for the most commonly used Brite White Deluxe Mercury Reflector Lamps. AII of these
Coeff icients

values are based on bare lamp candlepower measurements and will be slightly different when the lamps are used in protective hoods or shields.

TABLE 3
COEFFICIENTS OF UTILIZATION _ ZONAL CAVITY METHOD
RCC

*
0.50
+

0.80
0.30

0.50 0.10 0.50 0.30 o.10 0.50

0.30 0.30 0.10

0.00 0.00

RW*
RCR
1

EF FEC' I-IVE

FLOOR CAV TY REF LECTANCE 20%

0.94
0.81

1.04
0.91

1.00

0.96

0.98
0.86
0.7 5

175 WATT R-40

3 4
5

0.80
o.71

0.84 o.72 o.62

0.54

0.79
0.65

0.55
o.47

0.63

H398N,175lDX

8 10
1

0.56 0.49 o.44 0.40 0.36

0.93

0.46 0.40
0.36
0.31

0.40 0.34 0.29

0.26 o.22 0.84 0.67 0.55 0.46

0.67 0.59 0.53 o.47

0.69 0.60 0.45 0.39 0.35

0.31

0.28

o.42 0.38 0.35

o.77

o.27

o.92 0.76 0.64 0.54 0.46 0.39 0.33 o.29 o.25 o.22
0.7 0

0.94 0.83 0.73 0.65

0.57
0.51
0.4 5

0.91

0.89
o.7 4

0.84
o.71 0.51

0.78
0.67 0.59
0.51

o.62 0.54 0.46

0.39

0.41
0.3 7

o.44 0.38 0.34 0.30

o.27

0.43 0.37
0.3'1

0.34
0.67

0.33 0.29 o.25 0.22 o.62 0.50

0.41

o.27

0.23 o.20 0.50 0.40 0.33 o.28 o.23 0.20 0.16 0.14 o.12
0.11

4OO

WATT

3 4
5

0.80 0.70
o.62 0.54

0.88 o.73
0.61

0.73
0.61

0.66
0.57
0.51

0.53
0.4 5

R-57

H33DN-4OO/DX

0.48 0.43 0.39

0.3 5

0.3s 0.34 0.30

o.27 o.24 1.00

0.39 0.33 o.28

o.24
0.21

0.45 0.40 0.36 o.32 0.29

0.26

10
1

o.32
1.04
0.91

0.18 0.96 0.79 0.65 0.56

o.47

o.52 o.44 0.38 0.33 o.29 o.26 o.23 0.20 0.94

0.81

0.57 o.41

0.39 0.33 0.28 o.24

o.21

0.58 0.s0 o.44 0.39 0.35

0.31

0.18 0.16
0.91

o.2a 0.25 o.23 0.94 0.82 0.73 0.65 0.58

0.51

0.64 0.54 0.45 0.39 0.34 0.29 0.26 o.23 0.20 0.18
0.91

0.35 0.30 0.25

o.21

0.19
0.16

0.14 0.89 o.14 0.63 0.54 0.46 0.39 0.34 0.29 0.26 o.22

0.98
0.86

0.84
0.71

4OO

WATT

2 3

0.84
o.12

0.80
o.71

0.75
0.67

4
R-60

5 6
7

H33FS-4OO/DX

I
't0

0.63 0.56 0.50 0.45 0.40

0_36

o.62 0.54
0.47
0.41

0.69 0.60
o.52

0.76 0.64 0.55

0.46

0.78
0.67

0.59
0.51

0.59
0.51

0.36 0.32

o.2a

0.40 0.34 0.30 0.26 0.23

0.60 0.53
o.47

0.43
0.37
0.31

0.43 0.38 0.35

0.45 0.39 0.35

0.31

0.40 0.34 0.30

0.26

0.46
o.41

0.28

o.22

0.37 0.34

0.45 0.39 0.34 0.30

o.21

o.27

o.23 0.20

{Continued on following page)

TABLE 3 (Continued) COEFFICIEI\TS OF UTILIZATION _ ZONAL CAVITY METHOD

RCC-->

0.80 0.50 0.30 0.10 0.50

0.50 0.30
0.

0.30

0.00 0.10
0.00

RW---> RCR
1

to

0.50

0.30

I
1.05
1.01

EFFEC' rIVE FLOOR CAV TY REF LECTANCE 20%

4OO

WATT

2 3 4
5

R.60
H33H L-4OO/DX

6
7

o.92 0.82 0.73 0.65 0.59

0.53

0.86 o.74
0.6 5

0.57

8 9
10
1

0.48 o.44
0.41 0.91
o.7 7

0.50 0.44 0.40 0.36 0.33 0.85 0.69

0.57

0.97 0.80 0.68 0.58 0.50 o.44 0.38 0.34

0.31

0.98
0.87 o.77

0.95 o.a2
0.7'l

o.92 0.78 0.66

0.57

0.94 0.84
o.7 4

0.92 0.80 0.69

0.61

0.69 0.62 0.56

0.51

0.46

o.2a 0.80 o.62 0.49

0.41

o.42 0.39 o.74 0.63 0.54

o.47
0.41

0.63 0.55 0.49 0.43 0.39 0.35 o.32 0.70 0.57 o.47 0.40 0.34 0.29 o.25 o.22 0.19
o.11

0.50 0.43 0.38 0.34 0.30 o.27 0.67 o.52

0.41

0.67 0.60 0.54 0.49 0.45

0.41

0.38
0.6 5

0.54 0.48 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.32

0.61

0.90 0.76 0.65 0.56 0.49 0.43 0.38 0.34 0.30 o.27 0.59 0.46 0.36 0.30 0.25
o.21

0.85 o.72
0.61

0.54 o.47
0.41

0.35 0.32 0.28 0.25 0.46 0.35 o.2a 0.23 0.18 0.15 o.12 0.10 0.08
0.07

OOO

WATT

2 3

4
BT-56
5
t) 7

H36KY-1000/DX

I I

0.66 0.58 0.50 o.44 0.39 0.35

0.32 o.29

0.54 0.46
0.41

0.50
o-41

0.48
0.41

10

0.35 0.30 0.26 o.23 0.20

0.34 o.28 o.24 0.20 o.17 0.15

0.36 0.32 0.29 o.26 o.23

0.34 o.28 o.24 0.20

o.17

0.35
0.31

0.14 o.12

o.2a 0.25 0.22 o.20

0.35 0.30 0.25 o.22 0.19 o.17 0.15

0.17 0.15 0.13

0.1
1

RCC = Percent e{fective ceiling cavity reflectance.

RW = Percent wall reflectance.

RCR= Room cavity ratio.

MERCURY

IAMP BAILASTS
High Power Factor Reactor Ballast The reactor ballast can be corrected to high power factor by the addition of a capacitor across the line, as shown in Figure 17 Both lamp curent and regulation are essentially the same as with the low power

Mercury lamps, in common with all High Intensity Discharqe lamps, must be operated with an auxiliary device called a ballast. The principal functions of the ballast are the provision of zufficient voltage to start the lamp and the limiting of operating current to the lamp. If the current in an H.LD. lamp were not limited, it would quickly increase until the lamp burned out. AJI mercury lamps require a ballast that is designed to meet ANSI specifications for proper lamp operation. Low Power Factor Reactor Ballast The low power factor reactor is the simplest type of ballast. It consists of a wire eoil wound on an iron core placed in series with the lamp, and its only purpose is to limit the current in the lamp. Reactors can only be used when the line voltage is greater than the lamp starting voltage. Inherently, the power factor of the circuit is about 50% Iagging. Since the reactor only performs the function of current control, it is the most economical, smallest and most efficient ballast. However, it provides very little regulation for fluctuations in line voltage and is not recommended where line fluctuations exceed 5%. The connection schematic is shown in Figure 16.

factor reactor. The capacitor connected across the line does not affect the lamp circuit but increases the power factor of the system to better than 90%. Ih addition, it reduces the value of the input current under starting and operating conditions almost 50% over the low power factor systern, which permits the use of a larger number of ballasts and lamps on a line of a given wire size. Low Power Factor Autotransformer Ballast l4lhen the line voltage is below the minimum lamp starting voltage, a transformer is used in conjunction with the reactor to raise the line voltage. Normally this type of operation is performed by a combination of a secondary winding in series with a primary winding forming a single piece autotransformer, also called a high reactance ballast. This circuit has a power factor of approximately 50%, and the same advantages and disadvantages as the low power factor reactor circuit. A schematic drawinq of this type of ballast is shown in Figure 18.

High Power Factor Autotransformer Ballast The autotransformer ballast can be provided with

high power factor by the addition of a capacitor to the primary circuit, as depicted in Figure 19. In order to provide a more economical system, the high power factor autotransformer is generally designed with an extra capacitor winding. This combination of extended windings and capacitor increases the system power factor to approximately 90%. The effect on input current is the same as in the high power factor reactor. Lamp performance and regulation also remain the same.
Constant Wattage Autotransformer Ballast

lation and also has a small economical size is the constant wattage autotransformer (CWA). Other benefits accrued from the use of the CWA ballast are
high power factor, low line extinguishing voltage and

line starting currents that are lower than operating

currents. The basic electrical difference between the CWA ballast and the high power factor autotransformer ballast is that the capacitor is used i.n series with the lamp, as shown in Figure 20, rather than as a parallel component. This arrangement allows the lamp to operate with better wattage stability when the voltage on the branch circuit fluctuates. When the capacitor performs an important ballasting function, as it does in the CWA ballast, the circuit is called a lead circuit. In lag circuits inductance serves as the ballasting impedance, such as in the reactor and the high reactance autotransformer ballast. The capacitor

For applications where a stabilized light output is required with varying line voltages, the constant wattage or regulated type of ballast should be used. A ballast which supplies a reasonable degree of requ-

o
Figure 16. Low power factor leactor ballast. Figure 17. High power factol reactor ballast-

Figure 18. Low power factor autotransformer ballast.

Figure 19. High power factor autotlansf ormer ballast.

Figure

20, Constant wattage

autotransformel ballast.

purely a power factor correction component and has no ballasting property.

used in the lag
is

ctcuit

the other lamp fails. The two lamp lead-lag reactor ballast provides high power factor and reduces stroboscopic effect (see paqe I9). Two Lamp Series Constant Wattage Ballast Indoor applications of 40O-watt mercury lamps frequently use two lamp series constant. wattage ballasts. This circuit is basically the same as the single lamp conventional constant wattage circuit except that it operates two lamps in series on an isolated secondary winding, as shown in Figure 23.'The electrical characteristics are similar to the single lamp conventional constant wattage ballast except for regulation which is equal to the constant wattage autotransformer type.
Mercury ballast wattage losses average about l0% of the lamp watts, depending on the ballast and lamp
types.

Premium Constant Wattage Ballast

For applications requiring more stable light output with varying input voltages, the constant wattage (CW) ballast is recommended. This ballast, like the CWA ballast, uses a lead circuit; but unlike the constant wattage autotransformer, the conventional constant wattage ballast is built like an isolation transformer, as depicted in Figure 21. The CW ballast has the benefits of improved light output regulation and isolated load circuit over the CWA ballast. It also has the same advantages of the CWA ballast, such as high power factor, low line extinguishing voltaqe and low line starting currents.

Two Lamp Lead-Lag Reactor Ballast It is common practice to operate 2 400-watt or 2 1000-watt mercury lamps with a two lamp lead-lag reactor ballast which consists of two independent circuits. One lamp is operated with a reactor and the other with a reactor and capacitor connected in series, as shown in Figure22. Each lamp operates independently and continues to operate even when

Lamp starting currents are considerably higher for inductive (autotransformer or reactor) ballasts than for CWA or CW ballasts. In selecting the proper wire size for feeder and branch circuit lines, it is very important that consideration be given to starting currents. Ballast manufacturers' technical data should be consulted for specific values.

t--------l

------J
Figwe 22- Two lamp lead'lag
reactor ballast.

LIt{ E

-----J
Figure

21. Premium constant

wattage ballast.

Figure

23, Two lamp series (isolated) constant wattage ballast,

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF MERCURY TAMPS

Lamp Life Long average life is one of the outstanding characteristics of mercury lamps. Nearly all general lighting mercury lamps, 100 watts to 1000 watts, have a rated average life of at least 24,000 hours. The 40, 75 and 100-watt medium base lamps have a life rating of 16,000 hours. The A-23 and G-40 Iamps are rated at I6,000 and I0,000 hours, respectively.
100 CONTIN UOUS BU RNI NG

conditions and is always longer with continuous burning than with shorter burning cycles. Lamp Iife is also affected by other operating conditions, such as excessively high ambient temperature, Iine voltage and ballast design.
Lumen Maintenance

In common with other electric light sources, the light output of mercury lamps gradually declines
throughout 1ife, principally the result of the deposit of emission materials (including tungsten) lrom the electrodes on the walls of the quartz arc tube. The rating point of all mercury lamps is at 100 hours of operation because much of the "clean up" of impurities takes place during the first I00 hours of operation. After this period, lamps of the same basic design stabilize in their operating characteristics and the decline in light output then becomes much more Eadual.

(,

Zao

tr nor* -L a"
ta *o', *

; ll
l

/o

"taa-}\

?'o )
F

140 ,o

i'
cc

uJ 20
1o

4,OOO a,OOO 12,OOO t6,000 20,000 24,000

BURNING

TIME

HOURS

Figure 24. Typical lite expectancy or survival curves for 175, 400 and 100Gwatt mercury lamps at various burning cycles.

Typical survival curves for 775,400 and 1000-watt mercury lamps are shown in Figure 24. The actual life in service depends to a large extent on operating

Figures 25 to 30 illustrate the decline in lurnens of Sylvania mercury lamps from the I00 hour rating point to the burning time selected on the charts. It will be noted that the lumen maintenance is better for clear lamps than for corresponding sizes in color types and is somewhat better for vertical operation than for horizontal. The approximate mean lumens for the various types, determined by inteEating the lumen maintenance curves at 16,000 and 24,000 hours, are listed in Table 2. Lumen maintenance curves shown are based on operation on ballasts with current crest factors of 1.4 to 1.5; ballasts with higher crest factors will produce lower lumen maintenance and mean lumens.
loo

2"o

H39
H35

2eo
H39
-1

838

H34

H33 H35
H37 H36

tr
f-

zro
o4o

-to

o40

(
4,OOO I,OOO I2,OOO l6.000 20,O0O BURN ING TIME HOURS
24,000

6.0
0:

u20 lo

o
Figure

4.000 8,O00 r2,ooo I6,ooo 20,000 EURNING T]ME HOURS

Figure

24,00o

25. Approximate lumen maintenance of Clear

mercury lamps operating vertically-

26. Approximate lumen maintenance of Color lmproved mercury lamps operating vertically.

loo

2"0
t70

2"o
H39 f
70

H34

H39 H33
H35 H36

zuo
no
,to

o
F

H36 2 50 H3a o40 !r

cc

3
cc

30

20

lo

4.000 a,ooo I2,oo0 16,000 2o,oo0 AURNING TIME HOUBS

Figute

24,ooo

4,OOO 4,O00 l2,O0O 16,OOO 2O,O00

AUR NING

TIME

24,O00

HOUFS

27. Approximate lumen maintenance of White and Brite-White Deluxe mercury lamps operating vertically.

Figure 28. Approximate lumen maintenance of Color lmproved mercury lamps operating horizontally.

\
2ao
-70
H35 H37 H36
H3
r--

H39 H33

2eo
)70
H34
H39 H33 H35 ts37

;
4'o o40

?,o
F

O40 ,o

H36

fr.0
ca

i
Figure 5

u20

lo
o

4,OOO S.OOO t2,OO0 l6,OOO 20,OOO

BURN ING

o 2.1,00O

T]ME

HOURS

4,OO0 4,000 l2,oo0 16,000 20,ooo BUFINING TiME HOURS

24,000

Figure 29. Approximate lurnen maintenance ol Clear mercury lamps operating horizontally.

Figure

30, Approximate lumen maintenance of White and Brite-White Deluxe mercury lamps operating horizontally.

Starting and Warm-Up During the starting and warm-up period of a mercury lamp (described on page 3 of this bulletin) there are variations in lamp volts, Iamp current, lamp watts and light output- The amplitude and time of these variations are controlled by several conditions including lamp type, ballast type, Iine voltage, open or enclosed fixture, ambient temperature and wind speed. Normal operating values are generally reached after a warm-up period of four to five minutes. With a typical 400-watt mercury lamp operated on a reactor or autotransformer ballast the current drops and the voltage rises during the warm-up period until a point of stabilization is reached, as shown in Figure

ballasts are tapped to accommodate more than one line voltage, such as 1,20/240, and some have taps for line voltages that are different from nominal values, such as 1 10/120. Variations in the line voltage to the ballast will increase or decrease the lamp watts in various amounts, depending on the ballast type, as shown in Figure 32. Lamp Operating Position The pubJished light output ratings of mercury Iamps are established with the lamps operating in a vertical position. When the J.amps are operated horizontally, the wattage, light output and lamp efficacy decrease

3t.
Effect of Line Voltage Variation If the mercury ballast is tapped, it is very important to match the tap connection to the line voltage measured at the ballast for best lamp performance- Some
18

slightly. The reason for this is that the arc in the horizontal position tends to bow upward and comes closer to the cooler quartz arc tube wall which slightly reduces the vapor pressure in the arc. Table 2 lists separate lumen output ratings for both vertical
and horizontal operation.

Lrl

F
F

J
o

:
6
5

150

rated average life from 24,000 to 2,000 hours. This short life is acceptable for sports lighting because the burning hours per season are comparatively few and group replacement at regular intervals is generally economical. Effect of Temperature Unlike fluorescent lamps, the lumen output of mer' cury lamps is not significantly affected by changes in ambient temperature because the outer bulb acts as an insulator for the arc tube. However, to assure satisfactory starting at Iow temperatures, ballasts that supply higher starting voltages are required. The minimum starting volts to assure given starting reli ability at 50"F, 0'F and 20"F are listed in Table 2. For extreme low temperature starting, a Metalarc ballast can be used. Excessive base and bulb temperatures (above 2I0"C on the base of mogul screw lamps or above 400"C on the bulb wall) may cause Iamp failure or unsatisfactory performance due to damage to the arc tube, outer bulb, or other lamp parts. Luminaires with reflectors that concentrate the heat and light rays on either the outer bulb or the inner arc tube can cause serious trouble.
ER

100-

TIIVIE IN MIN UTES

Figure 31. Variations in lamp volts, amperes and watts of typical 400-watt mercury lamp during warm-up on a reactor or autotransf ormer ballast.

CONSTANT

Stroboscopic E{fect The arc in a mercury lamp operated on a 60 hertz alternating current is completely extinguished 120 times per second. The light from the clear lamp also goes out completely, but with the phosphor-coated Iamps there is some phosphorescent or "carry-over" action. That is, the coating continues to glow for a short period of time after the radiation from the arc is cut off. However, there is still a rapid variation in light output which, under certain circumstances, may produce what is called stroboscopic effect. Because of the stroboscopic effect, an object that is moving at a uniform speed may appear to move in jerks. Under the most extreme conditions, a rotating object, such as a fly wheel, may seem to be standing still or even rotating in a reverse direction. Stroboscopic effect is often unnoticed, and in most installations it is not a problem. It may be reduced by operating pairs of lamps on lead-lag type ballasts or three lamps on separate phases of a three-phase circuit. Many installations of mercury lamps are performing satisfactorily in areas where very fast motion occurs, such as machine shops, gymnasiums, tennis courts and other sports areas. Direct Current Operation Although mercury lamps are designed for operation on alternating current, they can be operated successfully on direct current if the proper ballasting circuit is used. The d-c voltage must be high enough to start the lamp, and a resistor of the correct size should be connected in series with the lamp to limit the lamp

o
CO

NSTANT

a5 85

10()

105

to

115

PERCENT LINF VOLTS

Figue32. Eftect oJ line voltage variation on lamp watts

with various ballast types.

Over-Wattage Operation

The operation of mercury lamps at higher than design wattages is not usually recommended. Although this will increase the light output, electrodes and arc tubes are subjected to excessive temperatures, and lumen maintenance and lamp life are adversely affected. However, there are some sports lighting applications using the IOOO-watt H36-15 mercury lamp on a special ballast that operates the lamp at 1500 watts. As Iisted in Table 2, this increases the initial light output from 57,500 to 85,000 lumens and decreases the

current. Published light output, Iumen maintenance and Iife ratings do not apply to mercury lamps when operated on d-c circuits. The polarity of the D.C. supply should be reversed each time the lamp is used to avoid excessive bombardment of one cathode with attendant lower maintenance and life. Radio lnterference Mercury Iamps that are operating normally will not

interfere with radio or television reception, except possibly for a brief period during starting. If RF noise seems to be caused by a lamp, it can generally be Lraced to a defective ballast or circuit.
Trou bleshooting

For complete information on troubleshooting procedures, refer to Engineering Bulletin 0-345, Troubleshooting Mercury-Metal Halide Lighting.

()

ll U
8T.56 8T,46

SYLVANIA MERCURY LAMPS Bulb Shapes and Sizes

??
8T.37
R-40

PAB.38

R-60

WARNING Use these lamps in fixtures and circuits wired with compatible auxiliary equipment. Operation with incompatible equipment can cause lamps to shatter which may result in personal injury and damage to equipment and property.
AJthough the medium base mercury lamps will

V
Br.2a

o tr
H
8T.25

Arl VV
8.21 A 23

fit into ordinary sockets they

should not be
OPERATI NG I NSTRUCTIONS

inserted in such sockets without special ballasts

required for operation of mercury Iamps. Do not remove or insert lamps when power is on. Do not scratch glass or subject lamps to undue pressure as either may cause lamp breakage. Protect operating lamps from moisture sources which can cause breakage or shattering. "This lamp can cause serious skin burn and eye inflammation from short wave ultraviolet radiation if the outer envelope of the lamp is broken or punctured. Do not use where people will remain for more than a few minutes unIess adequate shielding or other safety precautions are used. Certain types of lamps that will automatically extinguish when the outer envelope is broken are commercially available. "

These mercury, electric discharge lamps will operate satisfactorily only if the auxiliary equipment used conforms to established electrical, thermal, and physical specifications.

Although the outer bulb of these lamps are made of hard glass which resists thermal shock caused by moisture sources, moisture may
cause breakage or shattering.

Electrically insulate any metal support to outer bulb to avoid glass decompositionLamps should be screwed into sockets firmly without using undue pressure. Screw dome type lamps into sockets using the dome end

rather than the larger lamp diameter to avoid

damaging 1amp.

This product conforms to all

standards contained

in

applicable 21 CFR sub-chapter J.

For total load add auxiliary wattage to lamp

wattage.

Follow Operating Instructions.

Sylvania Lighting Center, Danvers MA 01923

H.l.D. Product Dept.