POKHARA UNIVERSITY Level: Bachelor Programme: BE Semester Spring Year : 2010 Full Marks : 100 Pass Mark : 45 Time

e : 3 hrs

Course: Power System Protection

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Attempt all the questions. 1. a. With a neat sketch, explain the operation of H.R.C fuse. Also mention the advantage of H.R.C fuse with a tripping device over H.R.C fuse without tripping device. b. Calculate the RRRV of 132kV circuit breaker with neutral earthed. S.C data as follows: Broken current is symmetrical; restriking voltage has frequency 20 kHz, p.f 0.15. Assume fault is earthed. a. Prove that the positive phase sequence, negative phase sequence and zero sequence fault currents in a single line to ground fault are equal and is given by the expression Ifa(1)=Ifa(2)=Ifa(0)=Vf/[Zkk(0)+Zkk(1)+Zkk(2)+3Zf] Also draw the equivalent circuit which allows us to calculate the fault current for the single line to ground fault. b. Explain with the help of neat sketch the construction and working of minimum oil circuit breaker. What are its advantages and disadvantages compared to bulk oil circuit breaker? a. A 3-phase, 8MVA, 6.6kV alternator with a reactance 10% is connected to a feeder of series impedance (0.12+j0.48) ohm/phase/km. The transformer is rated at 3 MVA, 6.6kV/33 kV and has a reactance of 5%. Determine the fault current supplied by the generator operating under no load with a voltage of 6.9kV, when a 3-phase symmetrical fault occurs at a point 20km along the feeder. b. A 132/33 kV substation with one transformer is connected on both HV and LV sides with generating units. Both sides of the transformers are equipped with wave traps, lightening arresters, circuit breakers, isolators and earth switches. You are required to shut down the transformer for maintenance purposes. Describe your stepwise actions with brief explanation. a. Why current and potential transformers are required in
1

8 7

2.

7 9

3.

4.

protective relaying scheme? Also, explain what happens if the secondary of the current transformer is open circuited while the primary is fully loaded. b. For a particular transmission line relays are used as shown in the figure. For discrimination, the time grading margin is 0.5 Sec. Determine the time of operation of the two relays assuming that both the relays have characteristics as given in the following table. The relay1 has a time setting multiplier of 0.2. Find the time setting multiplier of relay 2.

CB

CB Fault 2000A

Relay 2 125% Plug setting

Relay 1 100% Plug setting

and working of relay 5. P.S.M a. Explain the construction 2 4 5 the reactance 8 10 with 20 7 its torque equation. Operating time in Seconds 10 8 5 3 2 1.8 b. Explain the Merz-price protection scheme for star-star 8 transformer with neat diagram. a. Describe the relay with make type contact scheme popularly 7 6. used for tripping in circuit breaker with neat diagram. b. Differentiate the following: 8 i. Stroke A and Stroke B in lightening ii. Lightening arrester and Surge absorber Write short notes on any two: 7. 25 a. Multiple gap lightening arrester b. Primary and backup protection c. Requirements of a good protective scheme