A.

Lack of Parallelism
1. infinitive-gerund She likes to hunt and fishing. ... to hunt and to fish -or- hunting and fishing. 2. phrase-clause Marx will certainly live an unhappy life because of his bitterness and because he is paranoid. ... because of his bitterness and paranoia -or- because he is bitter and paranoid. 3. misplaced correlatives Malthus is not only famous in England but also in America. ... is famous not only in England but also in America. 4. unnecessary shift in person and voice Last night I read for hours, and then several pages were written by me. ... and then wrote several pages. 5. improper series This book is interesting, instructive, and it is also important. ... and important.

B. Incorrect Case (Noun or Pronoun)

1. before a gerund Father does not approve of Jack and me joining a labor union. ... of Jack's and my joining a labor union. 2. predicate pronoun after a finite verb (phrase) The capitalist is him, the man slapping the worker. ... is he, the man slapping the worker. It certainly must have been her. ... must have been she. 3. subject of an infinitive I know he to be the landlord. ... him to be the landlord. 4. predicate pronoun after an infinitive I know the farmer to be he. ... the farmer to be him. 5. direct object after a verb (phrase) or verbal The manager called Tom and I into the board room. ... Tom and me into the board room. Who are you planning to fire? Whom are you planning to fire? 6. object of a preposition All but Nga and we are going to the protest rally. ... Nga and us are going to the protest rally.

C. Lack of Agreement (Subject-Predicate)

1. This peasant uprising with its many weapons are easy to fear. ... is easy to fear. 2. Owen's wide interests in health, productivity, and education proves that he was a good person. ... prove that he was a good person. 3. There seems to be several multinational corporations exploiting the peasants in that country. ... seem to be several multinational corporations ... 4. Each one of the Utopian Socialists are insane. ... is insane. 5. Neither Malthus nor Ricardo are in favor of birth control. ... is in favor of birth control. 6. 6. The committee on worker safety are about to announce its decision. ... is about to announce its decision.

D. Lack of Agreement (Pronoun and Antecedent)

1. Everyone in the factory is throwing their shoes into the machinery. ... is throwing her shoes into the machinery. 2. Each one of you factory owners must leave behind your factory. ... must leave behind her factory. 3. The more profit one makes, the more you want. ... the more one wants.

E. Dangling Element
1. participle Coming across the fields, the group of angry peasants met my gaze. ... fields, I saw the group of angry peasants. Bound in beautiful red leather, Pierre received a volume of Marx's Das Kapital for his birthday. Pierre received for his birthday a volume of Marx's Das Kapital, bound in beautiful red leather. 2. infinitive To derive profits effectively, several years should be spent studying economics. ... effectively, one should spend several years studying economics. 3. gerund phrase On entering the Village of Cooperation, several school houses became visible. ... I saw several school houses. 4. elliptical clause When eight years old, the child's parents sent him to work in the mines. When he was eight years old, the child's parents ...

F. Double Negative

1. Behind the loud weaving machine we could not hardly hear each other's voices. ... we could hardly hear each other's voices. 2. There cannot be any doubt but what Engels was a wealthy man. ... any doubt that Engels was a wealthy man. 3. I cannot help but think that capitalism is about to fall. I cannot help thinking that capitalism is about to fall. 4. Without hardly a warning, the nobles fenced in their lands for grazing. With hardly a warning, the nobles ...

G. Incorrect Tense (Sequence), Mood

1. present perfect for past I have worked for 18 hours last Saturday. I worked for 18 hours last Saturday. 2. past for present perfect Did you pay your rent yet? Have you paid your rent yet? 3. past for past perfect Yesterday I found my pitchfork where I left it last week. ... where I had left it last week. 4. perfect infinitive for present I would have liked to have been a wealthy man. I would have liked to be a wealthy man. 5. sequence The factory owner said yesterday that he cannot raise our wages. ... that he could not raise our wages. Fourier believed that the ocean was made of lemonade. ... that the ocean is made of lemonade. 6. mood If I was a landlord I would raise the rent every week. If I were a landlord ... If Henry George won the election, the city would have been better off. If Henry George had won the election ...

H. Incomplete Sentence
1. infinitive phrase To get enough to eat. Many people had to steal. To get enough to eat, many people had to steal. 2. dependent clause When the demand died down. The price dropped. When the demand died down, the price dropped. 3. participial phrase Trying to change the thread spool. The girl got her finger caught in the machine. Trying to change the thread spool, the girl got her finger caught in the machine.

4. appositive J.S. Mill wrote books in several fields. Philosophy, politics, and economics. ... books in several fields: philosophy, politics, and economics.

I. Faulty Reference (Pronoun)

1. vague John is a slow worker, which annoys his boss. John's slowness annoys his boss. 2. ambiguous There is a labor strike throughout the city. I'd like to crush it. ... I'd like to crush the strike. Smith's employer told him that he needed a tutor. ... told him, "I need a tutor."

J. Faulty Punctuation of Restrictive or Nonrestrictive Element

1. relative clause Marshall who was a famous economist was a caring man. Marshall, who was a famous economist, was a caring man. Capitalism is the system, that I like best. ... the system that I like best. 2. participial phrase The peasant working in the field saw the fire. The peasant, working in the field, saw the fire. George is the philosopher, most taken for granted. ... the philosopher most taken for granted. 3. appositive Economic Sophisms a book by Bastiat is a fine example of political satire. Economic Sophisms, a book by Bastiat, is a fine example of political satire.

K. Comma Fault
1. We easily took control of the factory, the owner left in a hurry. ... of the factory. The owner left in a hurry. 2. My father was a miner, my uncle was a farmer. ... miner; my uncle was a farmer. 3. The manager thought that my deportment had improved and so he changed the color of my cubicle. ... had improved, so he changed the color of my cubicle.

I. Incorrect Position
1. adverb I only saw Malpelo in the mine, no one else. I saw only Malpelo ...

2. phrase I saw a poster for a new political party in the train station. I saw in the train station a poster for a new political party. 3. clause My grandfather sold his fruitstand in New Jersey, which he designed and built. ... his fruitstand, which he designed and built, in New Jersey.

Hebrew-English Phrase Glossary

Here is a small translation dictionary of common Hebrew expressions of greeting or conversation "facilitators", especially ones you might encounter in e-mail. They are alphabetic by the English spelling of the Hebrew words. There are many common English spellings of the same Hebrew words, so this may cause some problems. For example, "Chag Sameach" (meaning Happy Holiday) is also often spelled "Hag Sameach" or even "Chag Sa'Mayoff". You may also see every combination of capitalization and small letters, except Yisrael which is always capitalized (but may be spelled Yisroel). And the phrase in Hebrew, among fluent Hebrew speakers, may be different from common Yiddish or other variations in the US or elsewhere. Oy veh! New entries are welcome send them to the webmaster via email for inclusion. Hebrew English

Al Tid'ag Am Yisrael Chai Be'ahava Be'ahavat Yisrael Baruch dayan emet Be'hatzlacha Be'koach Be'shalom Boker Tov

Don't worry The people of Israel live! With love With a love for Israel and its people Blessed is the Judge of truth Good luck! With strength With peace Good Morning

Chag Kasher V'Same'ach Wishing you a happy and Kosher Holiday (Passover greeting) Chag Sameach Chag Succot sameach Chodesh tov Erev Tov G'mar Chatima Tova Hakarat ha'emet Hakarat ha'tov Hazak Ve'ematz Wishing you a Happy Holiday Wishing you a Happy Succot Have a good month! Good Evening May you be sealed for goodness in the book of life Acknowledging the truth Acknowledge [a person] Be strong and brave

Ken yehi ratzon Klal Yisrael Kol Hakavod Kol Tuv Lamah Lo? L'shalom L'Shana Tovah L'shana Tovah Tikatavu Layla tov Lehit Lehitra'ot Mazal Tov Nesi'ah tovah Shalom Shalom uvracha Shalom v'Emet Shana Tovah U'metuka Shavuah Tov Tizke l'mitzvot Toda Toda raba Yihiyeh Tov Yishar Koach

May it be God's will The entirety of Israel Congratulations! Best wishes Why not? May there be peace Happy New Year May you be inscribed for a good year Good Night Later dude! See you later Congratulations Have a good trip! Hello/Peace/Goodbye Peace and blessing Peace and Truth Wishing you a good, sweet New Year Have a Good Week (Shabbat greeting) May you have the privilege of fulfilling the commandments Thank you Thank you very much Things will be okay Well done! Keep it up!

The flame can be seen as a primary Jewish metaphor for the soul. Judaism enjoins us to be careful lest we put out the flame of someone's soul through careless or deliberate words or acts. Candle flames are the Jewish ritual representation of the nature of the soul. For example, it is customary to light on the anniversary of a family member's death, a yartzeit (in Yiddish yar=year, tzeit=time) candle to commemorate the travel of their soul from this plane of being. As the Sabbath ends, we light a braided, multi-wicked Havdallah candle to symbolize how our souls braided closer together while enjoying sacred time and community....the flames dancing around the wicks reflects the dancing our souls have done together that particular Shabbat. On Hanukkah, the freeing of the Jewish soul is represented with eight days of candle lighting.

For Shabbat or holiday candle-lighting, one customarily lights a pair of candles, which mystics see as representing the feminine and masculine qualities within every human. Candles are very authentic Jewish prayer tools and Shabbat candle lighting as a routine can be very comforting. In our fast-paced rapidly changing world, some dependable, low-demand, comforting structures in time are always welcome. Not every Jew was reaching for spiritual intimacy with candle lighting. Yiddish prayers (called "tekhinas") remaining from an earlier more medieval mind set, tell us candle lighting was seen as a way of warding off dangerous spirits. Humans respond to light, in times of extended darkness we crave it. Today's dangerous spirits are our own mind states. Adults are as absorbed by looking at a flame, as are children, and the visual warmth and memories are healing. An ember glows and with a puff of our breath explodes into light, a candle burns and with that same out-breath can be extinguished. The Torah describes God's breath fluttering on the surface of the waters. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Even the flame extinguished has sent its influence forward as expanding heat and light. Is a soul only within the body - or is the body like the wick upon which the flame dances and when released where and how does the energy go? There are five levels of the soul according to Jewish mystical tradition. These levels form a powerful opportunity to increase awareness of what it is to have a soul.