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Calluses, also called keratomas or tylomas, are areas of thickened skin caused by repeated friction and pressure. They form to protect the skin and the structures beneath it from injury or damage and can develop on any part of the body. People who work with their hands often develop calluses that help protect the fingers and palms, and musicians often develop callused fingertips from playing stringed instruments. On the feet, calluses usually develop on the sole (plantar surface), either on the heel or under the metatarsal heads (i.e., the area where the long inner bones of the toes extend into the foot). These areas typically bear most of the pressure from standing and walking. As calluses thicken, additional pressure against the skin may cause pain. Calluses also can form nucleated skin lesions underneath bony prominences on the plantar surface of the foot. These areas also can be very painful.
Calluses also may form when an irregularity in the shoes causes friction against the skin. Narrow-toed orhigh-heeled shoes can cause many painful foot conditions, including calluses. Wearing ill-fitting shoes or socks and participating in athletic events such as running also increase the risk. Wearing shoes with extra width and depth, soft soles, and lower heels may help to prevent calluses.
Diagnosis of Calluses
Diagnosis is usually based on physical examination. X-rays may be used to detect abnormalities in the underlying bony structures of the feet that may be the cause of the calluses. Publication Review By: Steven L. Rosenberg, D.P.M., John J. Swierzewski, D.P.M., Stanley J. Swierzewski, III, M.D. Published: 01 Jan 2000 Last Modified: 23 May 2011