A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT ON CLOUD COMPUTING

Submitted by D. Sai Krishna. (2220212108)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY In COMPUTER SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

GITAM UNIVERSITY
(Declared as Deemed to be University u/S 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

HYDERABAD CAMPUS 2012-2013

GITAM UNIVERSITY
(Declared as Deemed to be University u/S 3 of UGC Act, 1956) HYDERABAD CAMPUS

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
I Certified that this seminar report titled CLOUD COMPUTING is the bonafide work done by D. Sai Krishna who carried out the work under my supervision.

SEMINAR INCHARGE SHANTHI.M M.TECH. (PHD)

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Dr.S.PHANI KUMAR M.TECH.PH.D

Acknowledgement
I am thankful to my head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering and other faculty members for giving me an opportunity to learn and do this seminar. If not for the above mentioned people, my seminar would never have been completed in such a successfully manner. I once again extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

D. Sai Krishna.

Table of Contents
Chap. No.
1. 2.

title
Introduction Service Model 2.1 Infrastructure As Service 2.2 Platform As Service 2.3 Software As Servic

pg No.
1 3 3 4 4 7 7 7 7 7 9

Deployment Models 3.1 Public Cloud 3.2 Community Cloud 3.3 Hybrid Cloud 3.4 Private Cloud Architectures 4.1 Inter Cloud 4.2 Cloud Engineering Various Cloud Os 5.1 I Cloud 5.2 Joli Os 5.3 Eye Os 5.4 Cloudo 5.5 Chromium Os Conclusion References

10 10 10 11 11 12 13 14

6 7

List of figures Sl No.

1.1 2.1 4.1 5.3 5.4 5.5

Images
Cloud Model Service Models Architecture Eye Os Cloudo Chromium Os

Page No.
1 3 9 11 12 12

ABSTRACT

Cloud computing a relatively recent term, defines the paths ahead in computer science world. Being built on decades of research it utilizes all recent achievements in virtualization, distributed computing, utility computing, and networking. It implies a service oriented architecture through offering software and platforms as services, reduced information technology overhead for the end-user, great flexibility, reduced total cost of ownership, on demand services and many other things. This paper is a brief survey based of readings on cloud computing and it tries to address, related research topics, challenges ahead and possible applications.

Cloud OS, as a catalyst in unlocking the real potential of the Cloud-a computing platform with seemingly infinite CPU, memory, storage and network resources. Following established Operating Systems and Distributed Systems principles laid out by UNIX and subsequent research efforts, the Cloud OS aims to provide simple programming abstractions to available cloud resources, strong isolation techniques between Cloud processes, and strong integration with network resources. At the same time, our Cloud OS design is tailored to the challenging environment of the Cloud by emphasizing elasticity, autonomous decentralized management, and fault tolerance.

1. INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over a network (typically the Internet). The name comes from the use of a cloud-shaped symbol as an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it contains in system diagrams. Cloud computing entrusts remote services with a user's data, software and computation.

There are many types of public cloud computing: Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) Platform as a service (PaaS) Software as a service (SaaS)

Network as a service (NaaS) Storage as a service (STaaS) Security as a service (SECaaS) Data as a service (DaaS) Database as a service (DBaaS)

In the business model using software as a service, users are provided access to application software and databases. The cloud providers manage the infrastructure and platforms on which the applications run. SaaS is sometimes referred to as on-demand software and is usually priced on a pay-per-use basis. SaaS providers generally price applications using a subscription fee. Proponents claim that the SaaS allows a business the potential to reduce IT operational costs by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance and support to the cloud provider. This enables the business to reallocate IT operations costs away from hardware/software spending and personnel expenses, towards meeting other IT goals. In addition, with applications hosted centrally, updates can be released without the need for users to install new software. One drawback of SaaS is that the users' data are stored on the cloud providers server. As a result, there could be unauthorized access to the data. End users access cloud-based applications through a web browser or a light-weight desktop or mobile app while the business software and user's data are stored on servers at a remote location. Proponents claim that cloud computing allows enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with improved manageability and less maintenance, and enables IT to more rapidly adjust resources to meet fluctuating and unpredictable business demand. Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale similar to a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network. At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of converged infrastructure and shared services.

2. SERVICE MODELS
Cloud computing providers offer their services according to three fundamental models: infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS) where IaaS is the most basic and each higher model abstracts from the details of the lower models. In 2012 network as a service (NaaS) and communication as a service (CaaS) were officially included by ITU (International Telecommunication Union) as part of the basic cloud computing models, recognized service categories of a telecommunication-centric cloud ecosystem.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

In the most basic cloud-service model, providers of IaaS offer computers - physical or (more often) virtual machines - and other resources. (A hypervisor, such as Xen or KVM, runs the virtual machines as guests.) Pools of hypervisors within the cloud operational support-system can support large numbers of virtual machines and the ability to scale services up and down according to customers' varying requirements. IaaS clouds often offer additional resources such as images in a virtual-machine image-library, raw (block) and file-based storage, firewalls, load balancers, IP addresses, virtual local area networks (VLANs), and software bundles. IaaS-cloud providers supply these resources on-demand from their large pools installed in data centers.

For wide-area connectivity, customers can use either the Internet or carrier clouds (dedicated virtual private networks). To deploy their applications, cloud users install operating-system images and their application software on the cloud infrastructure. In this model, the cloud user patches and maintains the operating systems and the application software. Cloud providers typically bill IaaS services on a utility computing basis: cost reflects the amount of resources allocated and consumed. Examples of IaaS providers include Amazon CloudFormatio, Amazon EC2, Windows Azure Virtual Machines, DynDNS, Google Compute Engine, HP Cloud, iland, Joyent, Rackspace Cloud, ReadySpace Cloud Services, SAVVIS, Terremark and NaviSite.

Platform as a service (PaaS)

In the PaaS model, cloud providers deliver a computing platform typically including operating system, programming language execution environment, database, and web server. Application developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. With some PaaS offers, the underlying computer and storage resources scale automatically to match application demand such that cloud user does not have to allocate resources manually. Examples of PaaS include: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Cloud Foundry, Heroku, Force.com, EngineYard, Mendix, Google App Engine, Windows Azure Compute and OrangeScape.

Software as a service (SaaS)

In the SaaS model, cloud providers install and operate application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. The cloud users do not manage the cloud infrastructure and platform on which the application is running. This eliminates the need to install and run the application on the cloud user's own computers simplifying maintenance and support. What makes a cloud application different from other applications is its scalability. This can be achieved by cloning tasks onto multiple virtual machines at run-time to meet the changing work demand. Load balancers distribute the work over the set of virtual machines. This process is transparent to the cloud user who sees only a single access point. To accommodate a large number of cloud users, cloud applications can be multitenant, that is, any machine serves more than one cloud user organization. It is common to refer to special types of cloud based application software with a similar naming convention: desktop as a service, business process as a service, test environment as a service, communication as a service. The pricing model for SaaS applications is typically a monthly or yearly flat fee per user,so price is scalable and adjustable if users are added or removed at any point.

Examples of SaaS include: Google Apps, Microsoft Office 365, Onlive, GT Nexus, Marketo, and TradeCard.

3. DEPLOYEMENT MODELS

Public cloud
Public cloud applications, storage, and other resources are made available to the general public by a service provider. These services are free or offered on a pay-per-use model. Generally, public cloud service providers like Amazon AWS, Microsoft and Google own and operate the infrastructure and offer access only via Internet (direct connectivity is not offered).

Community cloud
Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the cost savings potential of cloud computing are realized

Hybrid cloud
Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models. By utilizing "hybrid cloud" architecture, companies and individuals are able to obtain degrees of fault tolerance combined with locally immediate usability without dependency on internet connectivity. Hybrid cloud architecture requires both on-premises resources and off-site (remote) server-based cloud infrastructure. Hybrid clouds lack the flexibility, security and certainty of in-house applications. Hybrid cloud provides the flexibility of in house applications with the fault tolerance and scalability of cloud based services.

Private cloud
Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. Undertaking a private cloud project requires a significant level and degree of engagement to virtualize the business environment, and it will require the organization to reevaluate decisions about existing resources.

When it is done right, it can have a positive impact on a business, but every one of the steps in the project raises security issues that must be addressed in order to avoid serious vulnerabilities. They have attracted criticism because users "still have to buy, build, and manage them" and thus do not benefit from less hands-on management, essentially "[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud computing such an intriguing concept".

3. ARCHITECTURES
Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud computing, typically involves multiple cloud components communicating with each other over a loose coupling mechanism such as a messaging queue. Elastic provision implies intelligence in the use of tight or loose coupling as applied to mechanisms such as these and others.

The Intercloud
The Intercloud is an interconnected global "cloud of clouds" and an extension of the Internet "network of networks" on which it is based.

Cloud engineering
Cloud engineering is the application of engineering disciplines to cloud computing. It brings a systematic approach to the high-level concerns of commercialisation, standardisation, and governance in conceiving, developing, operating and maintaining cloud computing systems. It is a multidisciplinary method encompassing contributions from diverse areas such as systems, software, web, performance, information, security, platform, risk, and quality engineering

4. VARIOUS CLOUD OS
I Cloud:
iCloud is a cloud storage and cloud computing service devolpers: from Apple Inc. launched : October 12, 2011. As of January 2013, the service has more than 250 million users Storage : 5gb

Joli Os:
contains 1500 apps entirely free opensource Javascript is responsible to handle event related tasks, among other tasks.

Eye Os:

Cloudo:
lamp server The communication between the server and client is obtained with AJAX data is stored in XML. XSL is used to transform the data to HTML

CHROMIUM OS:

open source

10. CONCLUSION

Cloud Computing is a vast topic and the above report does not give a high level introduction to it. It is certainly not possible in the limited space of a report to do justice to these technologies. What is in store for this technology in the near future? Well, Cloud Computing is leading the industrys endeavor to bank on this revolutionary technology. Cloud Computing Brings Possibilities.. Increases business responsiveness Accelerates creation of new services via rapid prototyping capabilities Reduces acquisition complexity via service oriented approach Uses IT resources efficiently via sharing and higher system utilization Reduces energy consumption Handles new and emerging workloads Scales to extreme workloads quickly and easily Simplifies IT management Platform for collaboration and innovation Cultivates skills for next generation workforce

Today, with such cloud-based interconnection seldom in evidence, cloud computing might be more accurately described as "sky computing," with many isolated clouds of services which IT customers must plug into individually. On the other hand, as virtualization and SOA permeate the enterprise, the idea of loosely coupled services running on an agile, scalable infrastructure should eventually make every enterprise a node in the cloud. It's a long-running trend with a farout horizon. But among big metatrends, cloud computing is the hardest one to argue with in the long term. Cloud Computing is a technology which took the software and business world by storm. The much deserved hype over it will continue for years to come.

11. REFERENCES
1. 2. 3. 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing http://www.jolicloud.com http://www.chromium.org/chromium-os https://www.icloud.com/