Section-A

1. Force is a vector quantity. (a) State which two of the following are also vector quantities. acceleration, distance, mass, speed, moment of force

[Total-6]

.. [1] (b) When two forces of 5 N are added, they may produce a resultant force that has any value between 0 and 10 N. (i) Describe how it is possible to produce a zero resultant force from two forces of 5 N. (ii) Describe how its possible to produce a resultant force of 10N from two forces of 5N. (iii) In the space below, draw a vector diagram to show how a resultant force of about 5 N may be obtained from the two 5 N forces. Clearly label the forces and the resultant.

[4]

2. A builder needs to determine the density of a solid cube of wood. He places the 50 cm mark of a uniform metre rule on a pivot, so that the rule balances. He then places the cube on the rule with its centre of gravity directly above the 75 cm mark. A mass of 0.050 kg is moved along the rule until balance is restored. This is shown in Fig. 2.1.[ON-11-1-21] [Total-5]

Figure 2.1 (Not to scale)

The rule is balanced when the 0.050 kg mass is at the 10 cm mark. (a) Calculate the mass of the cube.

mass = ...........................................................[3] (b) The cube has a volume of 1.6 10-4 m3. Determine the density of the wood.

density = .......................................................... [2] 3. Fig. 4.1 shows a glass lens in air and its two focal points F1 and F2.[ON-11-4] [Total-7]

Figure 4.1

Three rays of light pass through F1 to the lens. (a) (b) On Fig. 4.1, continue the three rays through the lens and into the air. State what happens to the speed of light on [2]

(i) entering the glass lens from air, .. [1] (ii) leaving the lens and returning to the air. .. [1] (c) Light of wavelength 6.0 10-7 m travels in air at a speed of 3.0 108 m / s. (i) Calculate the frequency of this light.

frequency = ....................................................[2] (ii) State the effect, if any, on the frequency as the light enters the glass from air. ... [1]

4. Fig. 4.1 shows a thermometer.

[Total-6]

Figure 4.1 (a) Explain how to calibrate a thermometer. ... ... .. [3] (b) (i) State the range of the thermometer in Fig. 3.1. ... [1] (ii) State how you know that the scale of the thermometer in Fig. 3.1 is linear. .... ... [1]

(c) Fig. 4.2 shows a thermometer which is more sensitive than the thermometer in Fig. 4.1. Only 0 C is marked on this new thermometer. On Fig. 4.2, draw the markings for 10 C and 20 C. temperature [1]

Figure 4.2

5. Fig. 5.1 shows a ray of white light incident on a glass prism.[MJ-10-5]

[Total-5]

Fig. 5.1 is not complete; it shows only the ray of red light produced from the white light.

(a) (i) On Fig. 5.1, draw the ray of blue light produced in, and beyond, the prism. (ii) State two colors of the spectrum found between the red and blue rays.

[2]

.. [1] (b) Fig. 5.2 shows the same prism with the ray of white light incident at a different angle.

Fig. 5.2 is complete; no spectrum is produced. (i) Explain why no light emerges from the prism at Q. ... . [1] (ii) Explain why no spectrum is produced. ...

. [1]

6. Fig. 6.1 shows how ultrasound is used to produce an image of the heart.[MJ-09-6]

[Total-6]

(a)

Define ultrasound. ... .. [1] The ultrasound has a wavelength of 1.2 10-3 m. The speed of the ultrasound in the human body is 1500 m / s. Calculate the frequency of the ultrasound.

(b)

frequency = [2] (c) Ultrasound is a longitudinal wave. Describe how particles in the body move as the ultrasound passes. You may draw a diagram if you wish.

.. .. .. [2] (d) There are small bubbles of gas in the body. Explain why these bubbles expand and contract as the ultrasound passes. .. .. .. [1]

7. (a)

An aeroplane becomes positively-charged as it flies through the air, because it loses particles from its metal surface.[MJ-10-6] (i) State the name of the particles lost from the metal surface. ... [1] (ii) The tyres of the aeroplane are made from an electrical conductor. Explain what happens to the charge on the aeroplane when it lands. ... [2] [Total-5]

(b)

Suggest why it is necessary to keep an aeroplane connected electrically to earth during refuelling. ... ... .. [2]

8. The table gives information about two household appliances.

(a) Write the missing values in the empty spaces in the table. (b) Why is more power needed for the water heater than for the television?

[3]

... ... . [1] (c) The water heater is connected to the mains supply. Explain why using a 3 A fuse would not be suitable. ... ... ... ... ... . [2] [MJ-05-5-6]

Section B Answer any two questions 9. Fig. 9.1 shows a thin sheet of metal suspended from a hole in one corner at A. The weight of the metal is 0.10 N and the centre of mass is at B. The diagram is drawn full scale.

(a)

Describe in detail how you would experimentally determine the position of the centre of mass of the sheet of metal. [6]

(b)

The sheet turns because of the moment of the weight about point A. (i) Define what is meant by the moment of a force. [2]

(ii) Using a distance measured on Fig. 9.1, calculate the moment of the weight about point A. State clearly which distance you measured and give the unit of your final answer. (c) Fig. 9.2 and Fig. 9.3 show a thick piece of wood with one corner on a table. [3]

Fig. 9.4 shows the same piece of wood balanced on the table. B is the centre of mass. (i) Explain why in Fig. 9.2 the piece of wood falls to the right and in Fig. 9.3 it falls to the left. (ii) Explain why the piece of wood in Fig. 9.4 does not fall over. (iii) Suggest how the thickness of the wood in Fig. 9.4 affects its stability. [2] [1] [1]

10. Fig. 10.1 shows two coils of insulated wire wound on an iron ring. Coil A is connected to a battery and a switch. The switch is open. Coil B is connected to a sensitive centre-zero voltmeter.

Figure 10.1

The switch is closed. There is a current in coil A. (a) On Fig. 10.1, (i) mark the direction of the current in coil A, (ii) draw the magnetic field lines produced in the iron ring. (b) As the switch is closed, the voltmeter deflects to the right and then returns to zero. (i) Explain why there is a deflection on the voltmeter. ... [2] (ii) The switch is opened. State and explain what happens to the deflection on the voltmeter. ... [2] (iii) Without changing coil A, state two changes to the apparatus that cause a greater deflection of the voltmeter. 1.. 2.. [2] (c) The battery in Fig. 10.1 is replaced by an alternating current (a.c.) supply. The output from coil B is used to power a lamp that is a long distance away. Each lead from coil B to the lamp has a resistance of 2.5 . These leads are represented by the two resistors shown in Fig. 10.2. [1] [3]

Figure 10.2

The output voltage of coil B is 240 V and the current in the circuit is 1.6 A. (i) Calculate the electrical power produced by coil B.

power = ...............................................................[2] (ii) Calculate the total power loss in the leads to the lamp.

power loss = .......................................................[3]

11. (a)

Some atoms that undergo radioactive decay have a half-life of 6 hours. The count rate near a sample of these atoms is initially 838 counts/minute. Background radiation near the sample is 18 counts/minute. (i) Describe the structure of an atom. It may help to draw a diagram. (ii) Explain what is meant by radioactive decay. State clearly which part of the atom decays. (iii) State what is meant by background radiation. (iv) The equipment is left undisturbed for 12 hours. Calculate the count rate due to the sample of atoms alone after this time. [2] [3] [1] [3]

(b)

The table shows a radioactive series. Atom A emits a beta-particle and becomes atom B. Atom B then emits a particle to become atom C.

(i) Calculate the proton number X of atom B and explain how you calculated it.

[2]

(ii) State the name of radiation Y and describe the changes that occur in the atom when this radiation is emitted. [3]

(iii) Using information from the table, explain why atoms A and C are not isotopes of the same element. [1] [MJ-05-11]