SocialStudiesWorldHistoryUnit08B:GlobalIssues,PostWorldWarII(1945) tothePresent20122013

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1 HowdidtheUnitedStatesrespondto communistrevolutionsinCubaand Nicaragua? A TheUnitedStatesusedcovertactions withineachcountrytoundermine communistsuccess. B TheUnitedStatesestablishedfull diplomaticrelationstoencouragepeace andreconciliation. C TheUnitedStatesencourageda coalitionofnationstointervene militarilyandrestoredemocratic government. D TheUnitedStatesrequestedUnited Nations'assistancetoencourage democraticreformsthroughdiplomacy.

4 WhicheventattheconclusionofWorld WarIIinitiatedtheColdWar? F TheUnitedStatesusedatomic weaponsagainstJapanesecities. G Germanywasreorganizedintotwo separatenationswithdifferingpolitical systems. H EuropeandemocraciesformedtheNorth AtlanticTreatyOrganizationwiththe UnitedStates. J TheSovietUnionrefusedtopermit selfdeterminationinnationsliberated fromGermancontrol.

5 HowdidcommunistpoliciesinChinadiffer fromcommunistpoliciesintheSoviet Union?

2 Whichfactormostcontributedtothe creationofnewnationsinthedecades immediatelyfollowingWorldWarII? F decisionsbytheUnitedNationsto createnewnations G financialaidbytheUnitedStatesto impoverishedcultures H independencemovementsamong peoplewithinEuropeancolonies J thegrowingmilitarystrengthofboth theUnitedStatesandSovietUnion

A Chinesecommunistsarguedfor collectiveleadershipwhileSoviet communismwasledbyadictator. B Sovietcommunismemphasized industrializationwhileChinese communismfocusedonagricultural workers. C Chinesecommunistsdidnotpursuethe developmentofatomicweaponswhile Sovietcommunistssuccessfullycreated anatomicarsenal. D Sovietcommunismfocusedon confrontationwithWestern

3 WhichearlySovietleadersmost contributedtotheconsolidationof communistpowerintheSovietUnion? A LeonTrotskyandBorisYeltsin B C VladimirLeninandJosephStalin LeonidBrezhnevandYuriAndropov

democracieswhileChinesecommunism emphasizedfriendlydiplomacy.

D MikhailGorbachevandNikita Khrushchev

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Usethegraphandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthefollowingquestion.

Source:NationalResourcesDefenseCouncil 6 HowdidthecircumstancesoftheColdWarcontributetothedatatrendinthegraph? F G H Nuclearweaponsweretooexpensivetomaintain. TheAmericanandSovietmilitariesracedtohavethemostnuclearweapons. TheindustryoftheSovietUnionwasabletoproducenuclearweaponsfasterthantheUnited States. J TheAmericanmilitaryrequiredfewernuclearweaponssincetheyweremorepowerfuland accuratethanSovietnuclearweapons.

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7 Usethegraphicorganizerandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthefollowing question.

Whicheventbestcompletesthegraphic? A Russiadevelopshydrogenbomb B C Sputnikislaunched TheSpaceRacebegins

D ColdWartensionsdecline

8 WhichColdWarleader'sfrequent condemnationsofcommunismledtoa 1981attemptedassassination widelybelievedtohavebeensponsored bythecovertservicesoftheSoviet Union? F G PolishlaborleaderLechWalesa CatholicreligiousleaderPopeJohnPaul II H J IndiansocialleaderMohandasGandhi BritishpoliticalleaderPrimeMinister WinstonChurchill

9 HowhavesomePalestiniansattemptedto forcechangestotheirpoliticalsituation? A bybuildinganarmytothreateninvasion ofIsrael B bybuildingawallseparatingPalestinian landfromIsrael C bysuingtheUnitedNationsinthe InternationalCriminalCourt D byconductingterrorismtoraise internationalawarenessfortheir demands

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Usetheexcerptandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthefollowingquestion. Themartyrsofhistorywerenotfools,andourhonoreddeadwhogavetheirlivestostop theadvanceoftheNazisdidn'tdieinvain.Where,then,istheroadtopeace?Wellit'sasimple answerafterall. YouandIhavethecouragetosaytoourenemies,"Thereisapricewewillnotpay." "Thereisapointbeyondwhichtheymustnotadvance."Andthisthisisthemeaninginthe phraseofBarryGoldwater's"peacethroughstrength."WinstonChurchillsaid,"Thedestinyof manisnotmeasuredbymaterialcomputations.Whengreatforcesareonthemoveinthe world,welearnwe'respiritsnotanimals."Andhesaid,"There'ssomethinggoingonintime andspace,andbeyondtimeandspace,which,whetherwelikeitornot,spellsduty." YouandIhavearendezvouswithdestiny. We'llpreserveforourchildrenthis,thelastbesthopeofmanonearth,orwe'llsentence themtotakethelaststepintoathousandyearsofdarkness. RonaldReagan,"ATimeforChoosing,"televisedspeech,October1964 10 HowdidReagan'sattitudecontributetotheendoftheColdWar? F ItledtoaSovietmilitaryuprisingwhenAmericanmilitarystrengthexceededthestrengthof theSovietUnion. G ItledtoSovietrepublicsbreakingawayfromcommunistcontroltoalignwiththemilitary strengthoftheUnitedStates. H ItledtothecollapseoftheSovieteconomywhentheSovietUnioncouldnolongerafforda largemilitarytocounterthemilitarystrengthoftheUnitedStates. J ItledtothecollapseofcommunistcontrolintheSovietUnionwhenEasternEuropean nationsbuiltuptheirmilitaryinanexpectationofaconflictwiththeSovietmilitary.

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Usetheexcerptandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthefollowingtwo questions. AfterWorldWarI,theLeagueofNationsgrantedFranceandBritaincontrol("mandates") overformerOttomanterritories.FrancewasgivenSyriaBritaingotamandateoverwhat becameIsrael,theWestBank,theGazaStrip,andJordan. In1921,theBritishdividedtheirmandateintwo.EastoftheriverJordanbecamethe independentEmirateofTransjordan.WestoftheJordanbecamethePalestinemandateand remainedunderBritishcontrol. JewishimmigrationtotheHolyLand,whichhadbeengoingonsincethe1880s,increased justbeforetheSecondWorldWarduetothepersecutionofEuropeanJewsbytheNazisand subsequentHolocaust.ThelocalArabswantedtolimitthenumbersarriving.Therewere clashesbetweentheJewishimmigrantsandPalestinianssupportedbyneighboringArabstates. In1947,BritaingaveupitsmandateandtheUnitedNationstookoversupervision.TheUN suggestedtwostates:oneArab,oneJewish.TheJewsaccepted,theArabsrejectedtheplan. DavidBenGuriondeclaredthefoundationofthestateofIsraelonMay15,1948.Egypt,Syria, Lebanon,andJordaninvadedbutwerebeatenback. "TheArabIsraeliConflict,ABriefHistory,"TheGuardianwebsite, http://www.guardian.co.uk/ 11 WhichactionmostcontributedtotheestablishmentofIsraelasanindependentstatein1948? A militaryaidfromGreatBritain B C approvalbytheUnitedNations recognitionbytheSovietUnion

D economicaidfromtheUnitedStates

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WhyisconflictongoingbetweenmostArabstatesandIsrael? F G H J MostArabstatesarenotmembersoftheUnitedNations. MostArabstateshaveneveracceptedtheestablishmentofIsrael. MostArabstatesobjecttoBritishinterferenceinArabIsraelidiplomacy. MostArabstatesconsiderIsraelidemocracyathreattoIslamictheocracy.

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13

Howhavedecolonizationand independenceformanyAfricannations afterWorldWarIIaffectedtheir governmentandsociety? A Manyofthenewlyindependent nationshavecreatedIslamic theocracies. B Manyofthenewlyindependent nationshavestruggledwithethnic conflictandcorruptleadership. C Manyofthenewlyindependent nationshavereturnedtotribal leadershipandrejected industrialization. D Manyofthenewlyindependent nationshaveestablishedsuccessful democraciesandraisedthestandard ofliving.

15

Whydidthecommunistcommand economyoftheSovietUnioncollapseat theendofthe20thcentury? A Thecommunistsystemprovidedlittle incentivetomotivateworkersor improveproductionefficiency. B PresidentReagan'stradeembargo causedaneconomicshocktothe communistsystemthatitcouldnot manage. C DroughtsintheSovietUnioncauseda massiveagriculturalshortagethat forcedanintroductionoffreemarket practices. D TheSoviettradenetworkof communistpartnerswasdisrupted aftermanypartnernationsturnedto freemarketpractices.

14

HowdidthetransitionofIrantoan Islamictheocracyin1979resultina suspensionofdiplomaticrelationswith theUnitedStatesthatcontinuestoday? F IranheldAmericanembassyofficials hostageduringthetransition. G IranseizedAmericanbusinessesand propertywithoutcompensation. H TheUnitedStatesrefusedtoprovide anyfurtherfinancialormedicalaid. J TheUnitedStatesattemptedan invasiontoreestablishtheIranian monarchy.

Usetheinformationintheboxandyour knowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswer thefollowingquestion. MohandasGandhi NelsonMandela OscarRomero

16

Thepeoplelistedareexamplesof individualswho F G H J wontheNobelPeacePrize resistedpoliticaloppression lednewlyindependentnations inventednewmethodsoffarming

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Usetheexcerptandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthefollowingquestion. [T]hePresidentisauthorizedtouseallnecessaryandappropriateforceagainstthose nations,organizations,orpersonshedeterminesplanned,authorized,committed,oraidedthe terroristattacksthatoccurredonSeptember11,2001,orharboredsuchorganizationsor persons,inordertopreventanyfutureactsofinternationalterrorismagainsttheUnitedStates bysuchnations,organizationsorpersons. PublicLaw10740,approvedSeptember18,2001 17 HowdidthepassageofthislawinfluencetheU.S.responsetotheSeptember11,2001, terroristattacksontheUnitedStates? A Itprovidedfundingtosupportcovertactionsagainstterroristgroups. B C Itgavelawenforcementfewerrestrictionsoninvestigativepractices. ItpermitteduseoftheU.S.armedforcesinconjunctionwithothernations.

D Itgrantedthepresidentapprovaltoconductanynecessarymilitaryaction.

18

Usethepassageandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthefollowingquestion. OnJune4,1989,PolandwaschangingthefaceoftheColdWarbyholdingthefirstfree electionsincommunistEurope.AnticommunistactivistsstunnedbothPolesandnonPolesby thenumberofseatstheywonintheParliament.Theywon99of100seatsintheSenateand everysingleoneofthe161seatsinthelowerhouseofParliamentthatthecommunist governmenthadallowedtobecontested.Theseresultsassuredthatthemomentumforliberty acrosstheSovietempirewouldgrowuntilitbroughtdowndictatorsandcommunistpolitical partiesfromEastGermanytoMongolia. Whatwasthenameofthemovementandtheleaderwhowasresponsiblefortheeventsinthe excerpt? F G H J Perestroika,MikhailGorbachev Dtente,RichardNixon Glasnost,NikitaKhrushchev Solidarity,LechWasa

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Usethemapandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthefollowingtwoquestions.

19

HowdidthepoliticaldivisionofpostwarGermanyheightenColdWartensions? A PolandwasnotgrantedaseaportontheBalticSea. B C ManySlavicpeopleinWestGermanydidnothaveSovietprotection. WesternalliesmaintainedpossessionofthewesternhalfofBerlinlocatedwithintheSoviet controlledportionofGermany. D TheWestGermangovernmentwasunsuccessfulineffortstoreunitethetwohalvesduring theColdWarbecauseofresistancebyWesternallies.

20

The1948SovietblockadeoftheFrench,U.S.,andU.K.sectorsshownonthemapaboveled directlyto F G H J buildingoftheBerlinWall developmentoftheContainmentDoctrine theMarshallPlan theBerlinAirlift

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Usethegraphandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthefollowingquestion.

TheEconomistmagazine'sBigMacindexisbasedonthetheorythatthepriceofBigMacsaround theworldshouldbethesameduetocurrencyexchanges.Comparingthepricetotheworthofa dollarinacountrymayindicateinflationlevelswithinthatcountry.Ahigherpriceindicatesa nationmayhaveaninflatedcurrency. 21 TheuseoftheBigMacindexbyeconomistsdemonstrates A theglobalizationofAmericanproducts B C theexpansionoffreeenterprisepractices therisingtrendofglobalindustrialization

D thegrowingwealthofAmericancorporations

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Usetheexcerptandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthefollowingquestion. TheNorwegianNobelCommitteehasdecidedthatthe1988NobelPeacePrizeistobe awardedtotheUnitedNationsPeacekeepingForces.ThePeacekeepingForcesoftheUnited Nationshave,underextremelydifficultconditions,contributedtoreducingtensionswherean armisticehasbeennegotiatedbutapeacetreatyhasyettobeestablished.Insituationsof thiskind,theUNforcesrepresentthemanifestwillofthecommunityofnationstoachieve peacethroughnegotiations,andtheforceshave,bytheirpresence,made adecisivecontributiontowardstheinitiationofactualpeacenegotiations. ItistheconsideredopinionoftheCommitteethatthePeacekeepingForcesthroughtheir effortshavemadeimportantcontributionstowardstherealizationofoneofthefundamental tenetsoftheUnitedNations.Thus,theworldorganizationhascometoplayamorecentral partinworldaffairsandhasbeeninvestedwithincreasingtrust. ThePeacekeepingForcesarerecruitedfromamongtheyoungpeopleofmanynations, who,inkeepingwiththeirideals,voluntarilytakeonademandingandhazardousserviceinthe causeofpeace.IntheopinionoftheCommittee,theireffortscontributeinaparticularly appropriatewaytowardstherealizationofthegoalsoftheUnitedNations. TheNorwegianNobelPrizeCommitteepressrelease,September1988 22 WhywastheNobelPrizeforPeaceawardedtoamilitaryforce? F G H TheUnitedNationsPeacekeepingForcesactivelyresistcommunistexpansion. TheUnitedNationsPeacekeepingForcesinterveneinconflictstostopwarsofaggression. TheUnitedNationsPeacekeepingForceshelpyoungpeopleescapefrompooreconomic conditions. J TheUnitedNationsPeacekeepingForcesreduceconflictbetweenwarringpartiestryingto achievepeace.

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Usetheexcerptandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthefollowingquestion. IamamemberoftheAfricanNationalCongress.Ihavealwaysbeenamemberofthe AfricanNationalCongressandIwillremainamemberoftheAfricanNationalCongressuntilthe dayIdie.... Iamsurprisedattheconditionsthatthegovernmentwantstoimposeonme.Iamnota violentman.MycolleaguesandIwrotein1952toMalanaskingforaroundtableconferenceto findasolutiontotheproblemsofourcountry,butthatwasignored.WhenStrijdomwasin power,wemadethesameoffer.Againitwasignored.WhenVerwoerdwasinpowerweasked foranationalconventionforallthepeopleinSouthAfricatodecideontheirfuture.This,too, wasinvain. Itwasonlythen,whenallotherformsofresistancewerenolongeropentous,thatwe turnedtoarmedstruggle.LetBothashowthatheisdifferenttoMalan,StrijdomandVerwoerd. Lethimrenounceviolence.Lethimsaythathewilldismantleapartheid.Lethimunbanthe people'sorganisation,theAfricanNationalCongress.Lethimfreeallwhohavebeenimprisoned, banishedorexiledfortheiroppositiontoapartheid.Lethimguaranteefreepoliticalactivityso thatpeoplemaydecidewhowillgovernthem.... Icherishmyownfreedomdearly,butIcareevenmoreforyourfreedom....Iaminprison astherepresentativeofthepeopleandofyourorganisation,theAfricanNationalCongress, whichwasbanned.... WhatfreedomamIbeingofferedwhiletheorganisationofthepeopleremainsbanned?... Onlyfreemencannegotiate.Prisonerscannotenterintocontracts. NelsonMandela,alettertohisdaughterrejectingthegovernmentcondition thatherenounceviolenceinordertobereleasedfromprison,February1985 23 HowdidMandela'schoicetoremaininprisoninfluencethegovernmentofSouthAfrica? A Itledtothegovernmenteliminatingpoliciesthatpromotedracialsegregation. B C Itledtothegovernmentabandoningthepursuitofnuclearweaponstechnology. Itledtothegovernmentallowingthefirstdemocraticelectionofgovernmentleaders.

D Itledtothegovernmentrejectingcommunisteconomiccontrolsinfavoroffreemarket policies.

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Usetheexcerptandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthetwofollowing questions. Eveninthis20thcentury,onKampucheansoil,thecliqueofPolPotcriminalshad committedaheinousgenocidalact.Theymassacredthepopulationwithatrocityinalarge scale.ItwasmorecruelthanthegenocidalactcommittedbytheHitlerfascists,... ThemethodofmassacrewhichthecliqueofPolPotcriminalswascarrieduponthe innocentpeopleofKampucheaandcannotbedescribedfullyandclearlyinwordsbecausethe inventionofthiskillingmethodwasstrangelycruelsoitwasdifficultforustodeterminewho theyare...Theyhavethehumanformbuttheirheartsaredemonshearts.Theyhavegot theKhmerfacebuttheiractivitiesarepurelyreactionary.Theywantedtotransform Kampucheanpeopleintoagroupofpersonswithoutreasonoragroupthatknewand understandnothing,... Dedicationplaque(translated)attheChoeungEkmemorial tothosewhodiedintheKillingFields,erected1989 24 Wheredidtheeventsdescribedontheplaquetakeplace? F G H J Sudan Germany Indonesia Cambodia

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Whichatrocityisalsomentionedintheplaque? A theHolocaust B C Tutsimassacre Janjaweedattacks

D Srebrenicamassacre

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26

HowdidEuropeannationsbenefitfrom theMarshallPlan? F Ithelpednationsimproveprotections fromnaturalhazardslikeflooding. G Ithelpednationssettlenew immigrantsattheconclusionofWorld WarII. H Ithelpednationsimprovemedical technologyandprovidednew medicationstobattledisease. J Ithelpednationsreestablishfree marketpracticesandstrengthen democraticgovernment.

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AllofthefollowingarewaysthatShari'a lawinfluencesgovernmentandsociety insomeMuslimnationsEXCEPT F G H J requiringataxtohelpthepoor providingacodeformoralconduct regulatingtradeamongMuslimgroups regulatingfamilylifeandbusiness matters

29

Theuseofnapalmtoburnaway vegetationduringtheVietnamWarledto widespreadprotestintheUnitedStates because A itsusewasbannedbyinternational

Usetheinformationintheboxandyour knowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswer thefollowingquestion. IndiraGandhi MargaretThatcher GoldaMeir C B

lawduringtheKoreanWar ithadtobeimportedfromforeign countries ithaddevastatingandpainfuleffects onthepeoplewhowerehitbyit D itwasunpredictableandoften injuredthesoldierswhowereusingit

27

Howarethewomeninthelistsimilar? A Theywereculturalleadersintroducing newgenresofartandmusic. B Theywerenationalleaderswho successfullygovernedintimesofwar andunrest. C Theyweresocialleaderswhoforced governmentstoimproveopportunities forwomen. D Theywerehumanitarianleaderswho lednonprofitorganizationstofight povertyanddiscrimination.

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30

Usethepassageandyourknowledgeofsocialstudiestoanswerthefollowingquestion. WorldDisasterAverted Theworldbreathedacollectivesighofreliefafterthesuperpowersreachedanagreement endingtheimmediatethreatofnuclearwar.RussianleaderNikitaKhrushchevagreedto dismantleallRussianmissilesintheregionandshipthembacktotheSovietUnion.The announcementwasmadeinapublicmessagetoPresidentJohnF.Kennedybroadcaston MoscowRadio.Inresponse,PresidentKennedysaidthedecisiontoremovethemissileswasan "importantcontributiontopeace."HealsopromisedtheU.S.willnotinvadeandwilleventually lifttheblockadethatwasimposed.TheblockadewillcontinueuntileffectiveUNinspection ensuresthatthemissileshavebeendismantled. AdaptedfromBBCOnThisDay,19502005 Thepassageabovereferstowhichevent? F G H J theGulfofTonkinincident theU.S.missileconstructioninEasternEurope theBerlinBlockade theSovietplacementofmissilesinCuba

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Listthreesignificantinnovationsorinventionsofthelate20thcenturythattransformed communicationsglobally.Giveareasonforeachselection.

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Test Key Social Studies World History Unit 08B: Global Issues, Post World War II (1945) to the Present 2012-2013
## Item # Correct Answer Primary SE WHS.1(F) [S] WHS.1(F) [S] WHS.10(D) [R] WHS.13(A) [R] WHS.13(B) [R] WHS.13(C) [R] WHS.13(C) [R] WHS.13(D) [S] WHS.14(A) [S] WHS.13(D) [S] WHS.13(E) [R] WHS.13(F) [S] WHS.13(E) [R] WHS.14(A) [S] WHS.18(E) [S] WHS.22(E) [S] WHS.14(B) [S] WHS.18(E) [S] WHS.16(A) [S] WHS.13(C) [R] WHS.17(C) [S] Secondary SE None Obj/Cat STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 5 STAAR: World History 4 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 5 STAAR: World History 3 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 5

S0WH022892CS

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None WHS.29(F) [P] None

S0WH022898CS

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None

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None WHS.29(F) [P] WHS.29(F) [P] WHS.29(F) [P] None

10

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S0WH022923CS

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S0WH022891CS

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None WHS.29(F) [P] WHS.29(F) [P] None WHS.29(H) [P] WHS.29(H) [P] WHS.29(F) [P]

16

S0WH023033CS

17

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18

SWH23144CS

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S0WH022970CS

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SWH23142CS

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22

S0WH022985CS

WHS.20(D) [S] WHS.21(A) [S] WHS.22(C) [S] WHS.22(D) [S] WHS.22(F) WHS.24(B) [S] WHS.25(D) [S] WHS.28(C) [S] WHS.13(C) [R] WHS.28(D) [S]

WHS.29(F) [P] WHS.29(F) [P] WHS.29(F) [P] WHS.29(F) [P] None WHS.29(F) [P] None

STAAR: World History 4 STAAR: World History 4 STAAR: World History 4 STAAR: World History 4 None STAAR: World History 3 STAAR: World History 3 STAAR: World History 5 STAAR: World History 2 STAAR: World History 5

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S0WH022996CS

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None WHS.29(F) [P] WHS.29(F) [P]

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LOC23139

0 to 4

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Scoring Rubrics
31
Answers could include: Telecommunications: Development of mass communication and information industries including satellites, computers, the Internet that allow people to transmit information and business transactions quickly and cheaply Television broadcasts of news and popular shows to different areas of the world in short amounts of time spread culture Social media interconnects hundreds of millions of people providing rapid communications and a diffusion of ideas Computer: Smaller computers developed as a result of the space program where equipment had to be downsized for space capsules, (like silicon chips replacing vacuum tubes) Varietyofconsumerproductsusedcomputersandsiliconchipsaspartofproductionliketelephones,microwave ovens, automobiles Computers and the Internet allow people to transmit information and business transactions quickly and cheaply Transportation: Modern airplanes, (e.g., Concorde, make world travel faster and easier) Bullet trains Supertankers accelerate ocean trade Interstate highways in the United States Medical Advancements: Penicillin Laser and ultrasound improves surgery MedicalimagingCATscansandMRIsprovidethreedimensionalimagesofregionsofthebody Genetic engineering and cloning that introduces new genes into an organism

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