CHA PT ER 1 - T he Nature of Chemistry 01-[0 1z]. H ow d oes p ure water differ fro m an a queous so lution of salt?

All of these answers are co rrect ex cept: (A) o ne is clear, the other is clou dy. (B) one evap orates to leave no residue; the other evapo rates to leave a white residue. (C) one is electrically conductive, the other is not electrically conductive. (D) one tastes salty, the other doe snt. (E) the density of one is 1 g/mL , the other has a greater density. 02-[01z]. Which are physical changes? (1) boiling of water. (2) dissolving sugar in water. (3) oxidation. (4) acid-b ase neutralizatio n. (5) shattering o f glass. (6) expa nsion w hile being heated. (7) corrosion of alum inum. (A) all of them. (B) 1, 2, 5. (C) 2, 4, 7. (D) none. (E) 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. (F) 1, 2, 5, 6. 03-[0 1z]. C onve rt 3.4 kilogram s to milligrams. (A) 34. (B) 340. (C) 3400. (D) 0.34. (E) 0.034. (F) 0.0034. (G) 3.4 x 106. (H) 3.4 x 10-6. 04-[01z]. A microliter is: (A) 10-3 L. (B) 10 -6 L. (C) 10 -9 L. (D) 10 +3 L. (E) 10 +6 L. (F) 10 +9 L. 05-[01z]. A cubic meter contains how many cubic centimeters? (A) 100. (B) 1000. (C) 10+4. (D) 10 +6 . (E) 10 +8. (F) 10 +9. 06-[01z]. The density of platinum is 23.4 g/cm 3. Calculate the mass of 75.0 cm 3 of platinum. (A) 1.76 kg. (B) 5.70 g. (C) 1.6510-3 g. (D) 5.7010-3 g. (E) 1760 kg. (F) 5700 kg. 07-[01z]. How many cubic centimeters are there in a liter? (A) 1. (B) 10. (C) 100. (D) 1000. (E) 106. (F) 0.001. 08-[01z]. Convert 6.0 10-3 meter to millimeters. (A) 6.0 (B) 60. (C) 600. (D) 0.60. (E) 0.060. 09-[01z]. 10 liters contains how many cubic centimeters? (A) 100. (B) 1000. (C) 10 +4. (D) 10 +6. (E) 10 +8. (F) 10 +9. 10-[01z]. 100 liters contains how many cubic centimeters? (A) 100. (B) 1000. (C) 10+4. (D) 10 +5 . (E) 10 +6. (F) 10 +7. (D) 10 +8. (E) 10 +9. (F) 10 +10. 11-[01z]. A milliliter is: (A) 10-3 L. (B) 10 -6 L. (C) 10 -9 L. (D) 10 +3 L. (E) 10 cubic centime ters. 12-[0 1z]. C onve rt 454 milligram s to grams. (A) 4.54. (B) 4.54x10-3. (C) 454,000. (D) 227. (E) 0.000454. (F) 0.454. (G) 4540. 13-[01z]. The chem ical symbol for chromium is: (A) Ch. (B) C. (C) Cr. (D) Cm. (E) Cu. 14-[01z]. The quantity 4 x 106 micro grams is the sam e as: (A) 0.004 grams. (B) 4 x 10 9 nanograms. (C) 0.000004 kilogram. (D) 0 .4 milligram. (E) 40 picogram s. 15-[01z]. What the prefix "k" mean? (A) 1000. (B) 106. (C) 100. (D) 10 -3. (E) 10 -6. 16-[01 z]. W hich is not a physical change? (A) boiling of water. (B) dissolving sugar in water. (C) a nail rusting. (D) hammering gold into a thin sheet. (E) stretching a rubber band. (F) expansion of a gas while being heated. (H) melting of ice in a pressurized chamber. 17-[01 z]. W hich is not a physical change? (A) melting ice. (B) dissolving salt in water. (C) combustion. (D) bending a nail. (E) shattering of glass. (F) shrinking of a gas while being cooled. 18-[01 z]. W hich is not homogeneous? (A) a pure compound. (B) a pure element. (C) a dissolved mixture of salt in water. (D) sugar dissolved in water. (E) a mixture of iron filings and powdered sulfur. (F) an alloy. (G) air (on a clear day).

19-[0 1z]. W hich of the follow ing is not a physica l proc ess: (A) photosynthesis. (B) freezing water. (C) pulverizing an aspirin. (D) sawing a board into two pieces. (E) dissolving food dye in water. 20-[0 1z]. W hich of the follow ing is a ph ysical process: (A) corrosion of an iron nail. (B) water vaporizing. (C) acid neutralizing a base. (D) decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. (E) formation of ozone in the stratosphere from oxygen. (F) digesting food. 21-[0 1z]. Y ou we igh a block o f a substance that measures 0.3 meter x 40 centimeters x 1 000 millimeters, and obtain a measurement of 80 kilograms. What is the specific gravity (g/cm 3) of the block of wood? (A) 15. (B) 67. (C) 1.5. (D) 6.7. (E) 0.15. (F) 0.67. (G) 0.15. (H) 0.067. 22-[01z]. The chem ical symbol for iron is: (A) I. (B) Ir. (C) F. (D) Fe. (E) In. 23-[0 1z]. A cubic centimeter is eq ual to: (A) 1 milliliter. (B) 10 milliliters. (C) 100 m illiliters. (D) 1000 milliliters. (E) 1 microliter. 24-[01z]. The prefix " :" means: (A) 10 . (B) 10 . (C) 100. (D) 10. (E) 10 -2. (F) 10 -3. (G) 10 -6. (H) 10 -9. 25-[01z]. The prefix "n" means: (A) 10 . (B) 10 . (C) 100. (D) 10. (E) 10 -2. (F) 10 -3. (G) 10 -6. (H) 10 -9. 26-[01z]. The prefix "m" means: (A) 10 . (B) 10 . (C) 100. (D) 10. (E) 10 -2. (F) 10 -3. (G) 10 -6. (H) 10 -9. 27-[01z]. The prefix "M" means: (A) 10 . (B) 10 . (C) 100. (D) 10. (E) 10 -2. (F) 10 -3. (G) 10 -6. (H) 10 -9. 28-[01z]. The prefix "c" means: (A) 10 . (B) 10 . (C) 100. (D) 10. (E) 10 -2. (F) 10 -3. (G) 10 -6. (H) 10 -9. 29-[01z]. The prefix "milli" means: (A) 10 . (B) 10 . (C) 100. (D) 10. (E) 10 -2. (F) 10 -3. (G) 10 -6. (H) 10 -9. 30-[01z]. The prefix "micro" means: (A) 10 . (B) 10 . (C) 100. (D) 10. (E) 10 -2. (F) 10 -3. (G) 10 -6. (H) 10 -9. 31-[01z]. The prefix "centi" means: (A) 10 . (B) 10 . (C) 100. (D) 10. (E) 10 -2. (F) 10 -3. (G) 10 -6. (H) 10 -9. 32-[01z]. The prefix "kilo" means: (A) 10 . (B) 10 . (C) 100. (D) 10. (E) 10 -2. (F) 10 -3. (G) 10 -6. (H) 10 -9. 33-[01z]. You use a very delicate scale which can measure to the nearest microgram. You measure a grain of salt and record a value of 1.458 milligram. However, you later find out that the scale gave faulty measurements and a properly m easuring scale gives the actual value of 1.92 7 milligra m. T herefo re, the first (faulty) scale ha s: (A) good accuracy and goo d precision. (B) bad accuracy and bad p recision. (C) good accuracy and p oor precision. (D) bad accuracy and good precision. [This is actually discussed in Chapter 2] 34-[01z]. Correct Celsius temperatures for freezing water, room temperature, body temperature, and boiling water are, respectively: (A) 32, 75, 98, 212. (B) 0, 25, 50, 100. (C) 0, 10, 30, 100. (D) 0, 25, 37, 100. (E) 0, 23, 27, 100. (F) 0, 15, 47, 100. 35-[01z]. Absolute zero is what temperature in Kelvin and Celsius, respectively? (A) -100, 0 . (B) -2 73, 0 . (C) 0, -273 . (D) 0 , -100 . (E) -273, -1 00. 36-[0 1z]. T he de finition of a substance is: (A) matter that is pure and has a fixed composition. (B) matter that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes. (C) matter that can be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes. (D) any kind of matter that can be separated into simpler substances by physical mea ns. 37-[01 z]. A substance that cannot be d ecom posed into simpler substances by chem ical changes is: (A) a solution. (B) an element. (C) a compound. (D) a mixture. (E) an electrolyte.
6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3

38-[0 1z]. A substance that can be dec omp osed into simp ler substances by che mical changes is: (A) a solution. (B) an element. (C) a compound. (D) a mixture. (E) an electrolyte. 39-[01z]. A mixture is: (A) matter that is pure and has a fixed composition. (B) matter that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes. (C) matter that can be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes. (D) m atter that can be separated into simp ler substances by p hysical means. 40-[01z]. The states of matter are: (A) elements and compound s. (B) solid, liquid, gas. (C) heterogenous and hom ogeneous mixtures. (D ) chem ical and physica l. (E) kinetic and potential. 41-[01 z]. The two kinds of pure sub stances are: (A) heterogeneo us and ho mogeneous. (B ) solutions and m ixtures. (C) elements and compound s. (D) liquids and solids. (E) metric and English. 42-[01z]. Homogeneous mixtures are: (A) impossible. (B) solutions. (C) possible only at high pressures. (D) compo sed only of elements. (E) of constant composition. ****************************************************************************** CH AP TE R 2 - Atom s and Elem ents 01-[02z]. How many neutrons does U-238 (238U) have? (A) zero. (B) 2. (C) 4. (D) 92. (E) 146. (F) 238. 06-[02z]. What element has 14 protons? (A) he lium. (B ) carb on. (C ) nitroge n. (D) oxygen. (E) neon. (F) silico n. (G) argon. 07-[02z]. Which has the same empirical formula as CH2? (A) C 6H 6. (B) C 4H 8. (C) C 3H 8. (D) C 2H 2. 08-[0 2z]. A toms w hich have the sa me nu mbe r of pro tons and a different num ber o f neutrons are called: (A) allotropes. (B) isotopes. (C) halogens. (D) barytropes. (E) different elements of the same periodic family. (F) isomers. 09-[02z]. W hich is most likely to be ionic? (A) B 2H 6. (B) LiBr. (C) NF 3. (D) NO Cl. (E) H 2CO. 12-[02z] W hich is an isotope of carbon-12? (A ) boron-11. (B)
11

C. (C) 12N. (D)

12

C. (E) lithium-6.

13-[02z]. How many neutrons does tritium ( 3H) have? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (E) 4. 18-[0 2z]. T he atomic numbe r of an element equals to: (A) its atomic mass divided by two. (B) the number of protons. (C) the number of neutrons. (D) the number of protons plus neutro ns. (E) the charge. (F) the elec tronegativity. (G ) its ionization po tential. 19-[02z]. W hich element is diatomic in nature? (A) oxygen. (B) carbon. (C) phosp horus. (D) krypton. (E) water. 20-[02z]. Which element is diatomic in nature? (A) phosphorus. (B) nitrogen. (C) argon. (D) carbon. (E) sodium. (F) platinum. (G) gold. 21-[0 2z]. A beta p article is a(n): (A) gamma ray. (B) electron. (C) hydrogen atom. (D) uranium particle. (E) helium atom. (F) neutron. (G) proton. 22-[0 2z]. A n alpha particle is a(n): (A) gamma ray. (B) electron. (C) hydrogen atom. (D) uranium particle. (E) helium atom. (F) neutron. (G) proton. 23-[02z]. A nonmetal element: (A) gives up electrons readily. (B) reacts with water to form an acid solution. (C) conducts heat easily. (D) is malleable.

24-[0 2z]. C arbo n-12 and carbo n-13 are: (A) allotrop es. (B ) isotop es. (C) monotrem es. (D) barytrope s. (E) different elem ents of the same perio dic fam ily. 25-[0 2z] D iamo nd and graphite are: (A) allotrop es. (B ) isotop es. (C) monotrem es. (D) barytrope s. (E) different elem ents of the same perio dic fam ily. 27-[02z] A monoatomic gas would be: (A) nitrogen. (B) oxygen. (C) chlorine. (D) argon. (E) iron. (F) bromine. 28-[02z]. How big, approximately, is an atom? (A) 1 millimeter. (B) 0.01 meter. (C) 1000 kilometers. (D) 10 -4 nanometer. (E) 10-7 millimeter. (F) size of a bacterium . (G) size of a virus. 29-[02z]. How m any neutrons are in 37Cl? (A) 37. (B) 35. (C) 17. (D) 20. (E) none. 30-[02z]. How many neutrons are there in an alpha particle? (A) 0. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (E) 4. 31-[02z]. How many neutrons are there in a beta particle? (A) 0. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 4. (E) 92. 32-[02z]. How many neutrons does carbon-13 have? (A) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (D) 8. (E) 10. (F) 12. (G) 13. 33-[02z]. How many neutrons does thorium-232 have? (A) 232. (B) 90. (C) 140. (D) 142. (E) 150. (F) 164. 34-[02z]. How many neutrons does zirconium-91 have? (A) 91. (B) 40. (C) 41. (D) 90. (E) 51. 35-[02z]. How many protons are there in manganese-55? (A) 12. (B) 24. (C) 55. (D) 30. (E) 25. 45-[02z]. Mix a mo lten mixture of beryllium and potassium and then cool to form a homogeneous solid. W hat is the result? (A) allo y. (B) sa lt. (C) molecu le. (D) element. 47-[0 2z]. W hich is an alloy? The com pound formed by: (A) reacting iro n with chlorine. (B ) reacting sulfur with oxyge n. (C) reacting nickel with cob alt. (D) silver with oxygen. (E) hydrogen with nickel. (F) carbon with hydrogen. 48-[02z]. W hich is impossible? (A) 1H 3. (B) 7N 15. (C) 90U 238. (D) 3Li7. (E) 22Ti48. (F) 11Na 23. 49-[02z]. W hich is impossible? (A) 1H 3. (B) 5C 12. (C) 92U 233. (D) 4Be 7. 50-[02z]. Limestone when reacted with acid gives off a gas. What is the gas? (A) carbon dioxide. (B) hydrogen. (C) oxygen. (D) methane. (E) argon. 62-[02z]. What element has 12 protons? (A) m agnesium. (B ) carbon. (C ) nitroge n. (D) oxygen. (E) neon. (F) silico n. (G) argon. 63-[02z]. What is the charge on a hydroxide ion? (A) -3. (B) -2. (C) -1. (D) 0. (E) +1. 66-[02z]. What is the most common element in the earths crust? (A) iron. (B) nitrogen. (C) oxygen. (D) silicon. (E) sodium. (F) chlorine. (G) argon. 70-[02z]. Which compound would be molecular? (A) SO 3. (B) KI. (C) FeCl3. (D) CaS. (E) CuCl. (F) Rb2O. 71-[02z]. Which compound would be molecular? (A) CO 2. (B) LiCl. (C) Y 2O 3. (D) MgO. (E) AgCl. (F) FeS. 74-[02z]. Which is a nonmetal? (A) silver. (B) potassium. (C) iodine. (D) ruthenium. (E) lead. 75-[02z]. W hich is a salt? (A) B 2H 6. (B) LiBr. (C) NF 3. (D) NO Cl. (E) H 2CO.

76-[02z]. Which is a semiconductor? (A) francium. (B) germanium. (C) hafnium. (D) americium. (E) polonium. (F) ruthenium. 77-[02z]. Which is an ionic compound? (A) NF 3. (B) methane. (C) CH 3OH. (D) NOCl. (E) Ag 2S. (F) Br2. (G) krypton. (H) beta particle. (I) ammonia. 78-[02z]. Which is an ionic compound? (A) NF 3. (B) xenon. (C) CH 3OH. (D) NO Cl. (E) CaI2. 79-[02z]. W hich is an isotope of nickel-58? (A) nickel with 30 neutrons. (B) 58Fe. (C) iron atom with the same numbe r of neutrons as 58Ni. (D) nickel atom with a different number of neutro ns as 58Ni. (E) copper with the same mass of nickel-58. 81-[02 z]. W hich is not one of the most common ten elements in the earths crust? (A) sodium. (B) calcium. (C) silicon. (D) chlorine. (E) iron. 88-[02z]. A salt is a compound composed of: (A) a metal and a nonmetal. (B) two or more different metals. (C) two or more nonm etals. (D) only one kind of atom. (E) only protons and electrons. 89-[02z]. A molecular compound is composed of: (A) a metal and a nonmetal. (B) two or more different metals. (C) two or more nonmetals. (D) only one kind of atom. (E) only protons and electrons. 90-[02z]. An alloy is composed of: (A) a metal and a nonmetal. (B) two or more different metals. (C) two or more nonme tals. (D) only one kind of atom. (E) only protons and electrons. 91-[02z]. An example of a metalloid is: (A) sodium. (B) brom ine. (C) germanium. (D) plutonium. (E) hydrogen. 92-[0 2z]. S alts are m ade up of: (A) ions. (B) molecules. (C) only one kind o f element. (D) only metals. (E) only no nmetals. 93-[02z]. Which is a halogen? (A) chlorine. (B) phosphorus. (C) salt. (D) carbon. (E) sodium. (F) calcium. 94-[02z]. Which is an alkali metal? (A) chlorine. (B) phosphorus. (C) salt. (D) carbon. (E) sodium. (F) calcium. 95-[02z]. Which is an alkline earth? (A) chlorine. (B) phosphorus. (C) salt. (D) carbon. (E) sodium. (F) calcium. 96-[02]. Which is a noble gas? (A) oxygen. (B) nitrogen. (C) helium. (D) hydrogen. (E) methane. 97-[02]. Which is diatomic? (A) neon. (B) phosphorus. (C) hydrogen. (D) methane. (E) lithium. 98-[02]. The elements on the left-hand side of the Periodic Table are (A) gases. (B) metalloids. (C) metals. (D) nonmetals. (E) liquids. (F) brittle. 126 -[02z ]. Dalton wo uld have said : (A) 1 mole of carbon atoms would contain the same volume as 1 mole of hydrogen atoms. (B) 1 liter of carbon would be a mole of carbon atoms. (C) 1 liter of carbon would contain many atoms, each atom having the same weight (mass). (D) 1 liter of methane would react with 1 liter of oxygen. (E) 1 gram of carbon wo uld react with 1 gram of hydrogen. (F) 1 liter of oxygen and 1 liter of hydrogen wo uld contain the sam e numb er of atoms. 136 -[02z ]. Mendeleev organized the Periodic Table o n the basis of: (A) atomic numbers. (B) year of discovery. (C) atomic mass. (D) density. (E) Lavoisiers predictions of valence. (F) Bo hrs theory. (G) Lucre tius visions o f atomic shap es. (H) Berzelius observ ations o f radioactivity. 137 -[02z ]. Mendeleev sorted his periodic table o n the basis of:

(A) atomic number. (B) atomic mass. (C) ionization energy. (D) ease of extraction from ores. (E) density. (F) chronology (dates) of discovery. (G ) melting point. 138 -[02z ]. The periodic table o f Me ndeleev co ntained eleme nts which were arranged in ascend ing ord er of : (A) atomic number. (B) density. (C) atomic mass. (D) vapor pressure. (E) atomic volume. 139-[02z]. Which person accurately determined atomic weights in the mid 1800s? (A) Mendeleev. (B) Davy. (C) Lavoisier. (D) Berzelius. (E) Dalton. (F) Bunsen. (G) E. Rutherford. 140-[02z]. Who discovered plutonium? (A) Lucretius. (B) Democritus. (C) Lavoisier. (D) Dalton. (E) Rutherford. (F) Bohr. (G) Seaborg. (H) Curie. 141 -[02z]. W ho first used the law of conservation of mass in his famous experiments? (A) Dalton. (B ) Ernest Rutherford. (C) Lavoisier. (D) Davy. (E) M endeleev. (F) Geber. (G) Cavend ish. (H) Mendeleev. 142-[02z]. Who invented spectroscopical analysis of the elements? (A) Mendeleev. (B) Davy. (C) Lavoisier. (D) Berzelius. (E) Dalton. (F) Bunsen. (G) E. Rutherford. 143-[02z]. Who proved the atom has a nucleus? (A) Mendeleev. (B) Davy. (C) Lavoisier. (D) Berzelius. (E) Dalton. (F) Bunsen. (G) E. Rutherford. 144-[02z]. Who would have said, "Carbon atoms are hard, featureless spheres, all of which have exactly the same weight." (A) Lucretius. (B) Democritus. (C) Lavoisier. (D) Dalton. (E) Rutherford. (F) Bohr. (G) Seaborg. (H) Curie. 156-[02z]. Polonium was: (A) predicted by Mendeleev. (B) discovered by Curie. (C) weighed by Berzelius. (D) listed by Lavoisier. (E) o bserved by Lucretius. (F) co llected by Democ ritus. 172 -[02z ]. W hich element was the m ost recen tly discovered? (A) phosphorus. (B) carbon. (C) germanium. (D) tin. (E) iron. (F) nickel. (G) mercury. (H) hydrogen. 173 -[02z ]. W hich element was the m ost recen tly discovered? (A) sulfur. (B) carbon. (C) gallium. (D) lead. (E) mercury. (F) nickel. (G) cobalt. (H) oxygen. 182-[02z]. Which of the following elements did Mendeleev predict? (A) francium. (B) scandium. (C) hafnium. (D) americium. (E) polonium. (F) ruthenium. 193-[02z] Which of the following elements did Mendeleev not predict? (A) scandium. (B) germanium. (C) gallium. (D) rhenium. ******************************************************************************

CHAPT ER 3 - Chemical Compounds 01-[03z]. Different compounds which have the same molecular formula are called (A) isotopes. (B) allotropes. (C) isomers. (D ) baryons. (E ) identical. (F) isobars. (G ) isogons. 02-[03z]. Name the following compound: Na 3PO 4. (A) sodium phosphite. (B) sodium hypophosphite. (C) sodium phosphate. (D) sodium perphosphate. (E) sodium polysulfate. 03-[0 3z]. W rite the chemical formula for sulfuric acid . (A) HSO4-1. (B) H 2SO 3. (C) H 3SO 3. (D) H 4SO 4. (E) H 2SO 4 . (F) H 2SO 5.

04-[0 3z]. W rite the chemical formula for calcium hypochlorite. (A) C aOCl. (B ) Ca(OC l) 2. (C) Ca(OHCl). (D) CaCl2. (E) C aClO 2. 05-[03z]. Name the following compound Ba(OH) 2. (A) barium oxyhydride. (B) barium hydroxide. (C) barium hydride. (D) barium hydrate. (E) barium hydronium. 06-[03z]. W hich is a liquid at room temperature? (A) ethane. (B) propane. (C) hexane. (D) O 2. (E) CH 4. 07-[03z]. W hich is not a liquid at room temperature? (A) methyl alcohol. (B) ethyl alcohol. (C) methane. (D) octane. (E) iso propyl alco hol. 08-[03z]. Which is butane? (A) CH 4. (B) C 2H 6. (C) C 3H 8. (D) C 4H 10. (E) C 5H 12. 09-[03z]. W hich has no isomers? (A) propyl alcohol. (B) decane. (C) hexane. (D) methane. (E) octane. 10-[02]. What is the name for HCl? (A) chloric acid. (B) hydrochloric acid. (C) chlorous acid. (D) hypochlorous acid. (E) hypochloric acid. 11-[02]. What is the formula for ferric hydroxide? (A) Fe(OH)2. (B) Fe(OH) 3. (C) Fe 2(OH). (D) Fe 3(OH). (E) Fe 2(OH)3. (F) Fe3(OH)2. (G) Fe 2(OH)2. (H) Fe 3(OH)3 . 14-[03z]. What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate? (A) Ca(HCO 3) 2. (B) CaCO 3. (C) CaCO2. (D) CaHCO 3. (E) CaC 2. 15-[03z]. What is the chemical formula for sodium bicarbonate? (A) NaHCO 3. (B) NaCO 3. (C) Na 2CO 3. (D) Na2HCO 2. (E) NaC 2. 16-[0 3z]. T he nam e of K ClO 4 is: (A) potassium chloride. (B) potassium hypochlorite. (C) potassium chlorite. (D) potassium chlorate. (E) potassium perchlorate. 51-[03z]. Name the compound Fe(NO 2) 3. (A) ferric nitrate. (B) ferrous nitrate. (C) ferric nitrite. (D) ferrous nitrite. 52-[03z]. Name the compound KCN. (A) potassium cyanide. (B) potassium nitrite. (C) potassium carbonitrile. (D) potassium nitrilocarbon. (E) potassium carbide. 53-[03z]. Name the compound Na 2SO 3. (A) sodium sulfide. (B) sodium sulfite. (C) sodium hyposulfite. (D) sodium persulfate. (E) sodium sulfate. 54-[03z]. Name the compound Na 3PO 3. (A) sodium phosphide. (B) sodium phosphite. (C) sodium hypophosphite. (D) sodium perphosphate. (E) sodium phosphate. 55-[03z]. Name the compound MgCO 3. (A) magnesium chlorite. (B) oxymagnesium carbon. (C) carobonatomagnesium oxide. (D) magnesium carbonate. (E) magnesium carbonite. 57-[03z]. The best name for H 2SO 4 is: (A) hydrogen sulfur oxide. (B) proton sulfite. (C) hydrogen sulfite. (D) sulfuric acid. (E) dihydrogen persulfate. (F) alpha vitriolate. 58-[03z]. The formula for ferric chloride is: (A) FeCl2. (B) Fe 2Cl3. (C) FeCl3. (D) Fe 3Cl. (E) FeC l. 63-[03z]. What is the charge on a hydroxide ion? (A) -3. (B) -2. (C) -1. (D) 0. (E) +1. 64-[03z]. What is the formula for ferric nitrate? (A) Fe(NO 2) 2. (B) Fe(NO 3) 2. (C) Fe(NO 4) 3. (D) Fe(NO 2) 3. (E) FeNO 3. (F) FeNO 2. (G) FeNO 5. (H) Fe(NO 3) 3. 65-[03z]. W hat is the formula for nitric acid? (A) H 2NO 2. (B) HNO 3. (C) HNO 2. (D) H 2NO 3.

67-[03z]. Which is magnesium sulfide? (A) Mg(SO 2) 2. (B) MgS 2. (C ) M gS. (D ) M g 2S. (E) M g 2SO 2. (F) M g 2SO 3. 68-[0 3z]. W rite the chemical formula for p otassium chlorite. (A) K ClO 2. (B) K ClO 3. (C) K ClO 4. (D) KClO. 69-[03z]. W rite the formula for uranium hexafluoride. (A) U 2F 3. (B) UF3. (C) UF 4. (D) U 2F 5. (E) UF 5. (F) UF 6. 83-[03z] What is the formula for potassium hydroxide? (A) K(H 2O). (B) K 2OH. (C) KOH 2. (D) KOH. (E) K(OH)2. 84-[0 3z]. T he form ula of phosp horus trichloride is: (A) PCl 2. (B) PCl3. (C) PCl4. (D) PCl5. (E) P 2Cl3 . (F) P 3Cl5. 85-[0 3z]. T he form ula of phosp horus pentachloride is: (A) PCl 2. (B) PCl3. (C) PCl4. (D) PCl5. (E) P 2Cl3. (F) P 3Cl5. 86-[0 3z]. T he form ula of osmium tetroxid e is: (A)Os 4O. (B) Os4O 3. (C) OsO 2. (D) OsO 3. (E) OsO 4. 87-[03z]. What is the formula for calcium hypochlorite? (A) CaCl2. (B) C aClO 2. (C) C a(O Cl) 2. (D) C aClO 4. (E) C a(ClO 3) 2. (F) CaO 2Cl4. (G) CaClCN.

****************************************************************************** CH AP TE R 4 - Quantities of rea ctants and products 01-[04z]. When 10.0 g of methane (CH 4) is reacted with oxygen (O 2), how many grams of carbon dioxide result? (A) 21.45. (B) 27.43. (C) 17.82. (D) 31.67. (E) 36.45. 02-[0 4z]. B alance the follo wing eq uation. C 2H 6 + Cl2 C 2Cl6 + H Cl. T he resp ective coefficients will be: (A) 1,1,1,1. (B) 2,1,2,1. (C) 1,2,1,2. (D) 1,3,1,3. (E) 1,6,1,6. 03-[04z]. How many grams is 2.50 moles of KNO 3? (A) 101. (B) 98.9. (C) 252. (D) 39.6. (E) 2.50. 04-[04z]. How many atoms of hydrogen are there in 45.0 g of water? (A) 2.5. (B) 45.0. (C) 1.50 x 10 24. (D) 3.00 x 1024. (E) 6.02 x 1023. (F) 2.4 x 10 23. 05-[04z]. A 5.325 gram sample of methyl benzoate is found to contain 3.758 g of carbon, 0.316 g of hydrogen, and 1.251 g of oxygen. What is the empirical formula of methyl benzoate? (A) C 2H 4O. (B) C 4H 4O. (C) C 4H 10O 3. (D) C 2H 2O. (E) C 4H 8O. (F) C 5H 10O. (G) CH 3O 2. 06-[0 4z]. H ow m any mo les of H 2O are produced when 5.5 moles of methane (CH 4) are burned in oxygen? (A) 1 98. (B ) 5.5. (C ) 11. (D) 2 .75. (E ) 9.9. (F ) 0.10 . (G) 0 .36. 07-[0 4z]. H ow m any grams of H 2O are produced when 5.5 moles of methane (CH 4) are burned in oxygen? (A) 198. (B) 5.5. (C) 11. (D) 2.75. (E) 9.9. (F) 0.10. (G) 0.36. 08-[04z]. Who first used the law of conservation of mass? (A) Dalton. (B) Einstein. (C) Lavoisier. (D) Davy. (E) Mend eleev. 09-[04z]. The fermentation of glucose C 6H 12O 6 prod uces ethyl alcoh ol C 2H 5OH and carbon dioxide CO 2 . How many grams of glucose are needed to produce 2.00 grams of carbon dioxide? (A) 88. (B) 2.04. (C) 4.09. (D) 0.0226. (E) 1.36. (F) 12.27. (G) 0.00753. (H) 0.0678.(I) 180. (J) 0.680. (K) 0.0389.

10-[04z]. The fermentation of glucose C 6H 12O 6 prod uces ethyl alcoh ol C 2H 5OH and carbon dioxide CO 2 . How many moles of glucose are needed to produce 2.00 grams of carbon dioxide? (A) 88. (B) 2.04. (C) 4.09. (D) 0.0226. (E) 1.36. (F) 12.27. (G) 0.00753. (H) 0.0678.(I) 180. (J) 0.680. (K) 0.0389. 11-[04z]. The respiration of glucose C6H 12O 6 produces water H 2O and carbon dioxide CO 2. How many grams of glucose are needed to produce 2.00 grams of carbon dioxide? (A) 88. (B) 2.04. (C) 4.09. (D) 0.0226. (E) 1.36. (F) 12.27. (G) 0.00753. (H) 0.0678.(I) 180. (J) 0.680. (K) 0.0389. 12-[04z]. The respiration of glucose C6H 12O 6 produces water H 2O and carbon dioxide CO 2. How many moles of glucose are needed to produce 2.00 grams of carbon dioxide? (A) 88. (B) 2.04. (C) 4.09. (D) 0.0226. (E) 1.36. (F) 12.27. (G) 0.00753. (H) 0.0678.(I) 180. (J) 0.680. (K) 0.0389. 13-[04z]. Which is a strong electrolyte? (A) glucose [a sugar]. (B) lithium chloride. (C) acetic acid. 14-[04z]. How many atoms of oxygen are there in 100 g of CaCO 3 ? (A) 6.02 x 10 23. (B) 1.81 x 1024. (C) 4.34 x 1022. (D) 2.02 x 1025. (E) 5.11 x 1022. 15-[04z]. How many grams is 2.70 moles of KNO 3? (A) 101. (B) 2.70. (C) 272. (D) 136. (E) 20.2. 16-[04z]. How many moles of water is 45.00 g of water? (A) 0.400. (B) 2.498. (C) 810.7. (D) 56.34. (E) 400.1. 17-[04z]. How much do all of the oxygen atoms weigh in a mole of calcium hydroxide? (A) 20.4. (B) 40.1. (C) 16.0. (D) 32.0. (D) 57.6. (E) 74.1. 18-[04z]. In the oxidation of carbon monoxide, CO + O 2 CO 2, how much carbon dioxide (in grams) is produced from 10 grams of O 2? (A) 27.51. (B) 16.00. (C) 32.00. (D) 13.75. (E) 55.01. (F) 110.02. (G) 49.02. 19-[04z]. In the following reaction, PCl5 + H 2O H 3PO 4 + HC l, how many molecules of water react with one molecule of phosphorus pentachloride? (A) 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (E) 5. (F) 6. (G) 0. 20-[0 4z]. D etermine the formula weight o f phospho rus pentachlo ride. (A) 208.23. (B) 138.13. (C) 94.98. (D) 40.01. (E) 591.94. (F) 367.10. (G) 180.47. 21-[0 4z]. In the fermentation of glucose, C 6H 12O 6 C 2H 5OH + CO 2, how many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced from two molecules of glucose? (A) 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (E) 5. (F) 6. (G) 12. 22-[04z]. How atoms of hydrogen are there in five molecules of glucose C 6H 12O 6? (A) 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (E) 5. (F) 6. (G) 10. (H) 12. (I) 15. (J) 30. (K) 60. (L) 100. 23-[04z]. How m any moles of glucose (C6H 12O 6) are there in 1 milligram of glucose? (A) 180.16. (B) 5.55. (C) 78.25. (D) 5.55x10-6. (E) 1.80x106. (F) 3.00. (G) 7.82x10 -3. (H) 3,000. (I) 1. (J) none. 25-[04z]. How many grams are 2 moles of carbon dioxide? (A) 12. (B) 44. (C) 24. (D) 88. (E) 32. 26-[04z]. How many moles of iron are there in 1 milligram of iron? (A) 180.16. (B) 1.79 x 10-5. (C) 0.0007825. (D) 5.55x10 -6. (E) 0.005585. 27-[04z]. How many molecules of glucose are there in 5 grams of glucose? (A) 5.00 x 10 23. (B) 1.80 x 1023. (C) 1.67 x 1022. (D) 5.67 x 1024. (E) 3.24 x 1025.

28-[0 4z]. In the reaction o f H 2SO 4 + NaOH sodium sulfate + water, how many molecules of water are produced from one molecule of sulfuric acid? (A) zero. (B) one. (C) two. (C) three. (D) four. 29-[04z]. In the oxidation of carbon monoxide, CO + O 2 CO 2, how much carbon dioxide (in grams) is produced from 47 grams of O 2? (A) 366. (B) 129. (C) 183. (D) 4400. (E) 74. 30-[04z]. In the oxidation of carbon monoxide, CO + O 2 CO 2, how much carbon dioxide (in grams) is produced from 47 grams of CO? (A) 366. (B) 129. (C) 183. (D) 4400. (E) 74. 31-[04z]. How many grams is 4.25 x 10 20 molecules o f H 2O? (A) 4.25 x 10 20. (B) 142. (C) 1420. (D) 0.0127. (E) 0.127. 32-[04z]. 0.600 Mole of a substance weighs 62.5 grams. How many moles of it are there in 100 grams? (A) 0.600. (B) 0.104. (C) 0.0096. (D) 0.96. (E) 1.04. 33-[04z]. What is the coefficient in front of BF 3 when the following equation is balanced? BF 3 + NaBH 4 NaBF4 + B 2H 6 . (A) 1. (B) 2 . (C) 3. (D) 4 . (5). 34-[0 4z]. T he law o f conservation of mass states: (A) the total mass of reactants is the same as the total mass of pro ducts in a chemical reaction. (B) the ma ss of a reaction is preserved only in a combustion reaction. (C) the total mass of reactants is the same as the total mass of products in a chemical reaction only if gases are not involved. (D) the total number of moles of reactants equals the total number of moles of products in a chemical reaction. (E) molecules are never destroyed or changed during a chemical reaction. 35-[0 4z]. A balanced chem ical reaction shows: (A) equal numbers of total molecules on each side of the equation. (B) equal numbers of kinds of molecules on each side of the equation. (C) equal numbers of atoms of each element on each side of the equation. (D) equal numbers of kinds of compounds on each side of the equation. (E) equal numbers of kinds of states of matter on each side of the equation. 38-[04z]. What is the molar mass of cholesterol if 0.00105 mole weighs 0.406 gram? (A) 406. (B) 387. (C) 250. (D) 145. (E) 105. (F) 86. 39-[04z]. How many moles of chloride ions are in 0.075 g of aluminum chloride (AlCl3)? (A) 0.00056. (B) 0.0011. (C) 1.7 x 10 -3. (D) 4.8 x 10-2. (E) 0.67. (F) 1.6. 40-[04z]. What is the mass, in grams, of 2.50 x 10-3 mole of aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO 4) 3? (A) 7.5 x 10 -2. (B) 0.178. (C) 0.856. (D) 2.56. (E) 7.67. (F) 10.67. 41-[04z]. Automotive air bags inflate when sodium azide, NaN 3, vigoro usly dec omp oses to its component elem ents 2NaN 3 2Na + 3N 2. How many moles of N 2 are produced by the decomposition of 2.50 mole of NaN 3? (A) 1.00. (B) 1.75. (C) 2.50. (D) 3.75. (E) 4.85. (F) 6.77. 42-[04z]. Automotive air bags inflate when sodium azide, NaN 3, vigoro usly dec omp oses to its component elem ents 2NaN 3 2Na + 3N 2. How many grams of NaN 3 are required to form 6.00 g of nitrogen gas? (A) 1.28. (B) 2.45. (C) 3.75. (D) 4.58. (E) 7.33. (F) 9.28. (G) 12.4. 43-[04z]. Automotive air bags inflate when sodium azide, NaN 3, vigoro usly dec omp oses to its component elem ents 2NaN 3 2Na + 3N 2. How many grams of NaN 3 are required to produce 10.0 ft3 (280 L) of nitrogen gas if the gas has a density of 1.27 g/L? (A) 50. (B) 100. (C) 250. (D) 350. (E) 450. (F) 550. 44-[0 4z]. T he co mbu stion of octane, C 8H 18, proceeds 2C8H 18 + 25O 2 16CO 2 + 18H 2O. H ow m any mo les of O 2 are need ed to burn 0.75 0 mo le of C 8H 18? (A) 5.67. (B) 9.38. (C) 12.4. (D) 17.8 (E) 23.5. (F) 32.9.

45-[0 4z]. T he co mbu stion of octane, C 8H 18, proceeds 2C8H 18 + 25O 2 16CO 2 + 18H 2O. H ow m any grams of O 2 are need ed to burn 5.00 grams of C 8H 18? (A) 1.75. (B) 3.75. (C) 6.75. (D) 10.7. (E) 17.5. (F) 25.0. 46-[04z]. Washing soda is Na 2CO 3!xH 2O. When a 2.558 g sample of washing soda is heated at 125 /C, all the water of hydration is lost, leaving 0.948 g of Na 2CO 3. What is the formula of washing soda? (A) Na 2CO 3!H2O. (B) Na 2CO 3!2H 2O. (C) Na 2CO 3!4H 2O. (D) Na2CO 3!6H 2O. (E) Na 2CO 3!8H 2O. (F) Na 2CO 3!10H 2O. ****************************************************************************** CHA PT ER 5 - Chem ical Reactions 01-[05z]. A silver nitrate (AgNO 3) solution reacts with a sodium chloride solution (NaCl) to form a white precipitate. What is the white precipitate? (A) AgNO3. (B) AgCl. (C) Ag2O. (D) NaNO 3. (E) NaCl. (F) Ag(OH) 2. (G) Ag. 02-[0 5z]. G ive the two products of the acid-base reaction betwe en carbonic acid and so dium hydro xide. (A) H 2O and Na2CO 3. (B) NaHCO 3 and NaOH. (C) NaCl and H2O. (D) H 2O and H 2CO 3. (E) Na 2O and H 2O. (F) H 2O and NaOH. 03-[0 5z]. In the following reaction, what is oxidized? Mg + H Cl MgCl 2 + H 2. (A) Mg. (B) HCl. (C) MgCl 2. (D) H 2. 04-[0 5z]. In the following reaction, what is red uced ? M g + H Cl MgCl 2 + H 2. (A) Mg. (B) HCl. (C) MgCl 2. (D) H 2. 05-[0 5z]. In the following reaction, what is the o xidizing agent? Mg + H Cl MgCl 2 + H 2 . (A) Mg. (B) HCl. (C) MgCl 2. (D) H 2. 06-[0 5z]. In the following reaction, what is the reducing agent? M g + H Cl MgCl 2 + H 2 . (A) Mg. (B) HCl. (C) MgCl 2. (D) H 2. 07-[05z]. Calculate the molarity of dissolving 26.7 g of Na 2SO 4 in 400 mL o f solution. (A) 2.67. (B) 0.470. (C) 0.165. (D) 2.13. (E) 4.00. (F) 0.25. (G) 0.188. 08-[0 5z]. If yo u dilute 2 50 m L of a 0 .300 M solution of gluco se, to a final volum e of 1.00 L , the resulting molarity will be: (A) 0.100. (B) 0.075. (C) 0.15. (D) 1.20. (E) 0.150. (F) 0.600. 09-[05 z]. W hich is not an acid ? (A) citric acid. (B ) HC lO 4. (C) hyd rogen chloride. (D ) acetic acid. (E ) HF . (F) SiO 2. 10-[0 5z]. C alculate the num ber o f grams of solute in 0.25 0 L o f 0.15 0 M KB r. (A) 4.46. (B) 17.85. (C) 2.68. (D) 1.11. (E) 0.568. (F) 8.92. (G) 29.75. 11-[05z]. W hat is the oxidation number of phosphorus in P 4? (A) +4. (B) -4. (C) zero. (D) +2. (E) -2. 12-[05z]. What is the oxidation number of chlorine in HClO? (A) +7. (B) +5. (C) +3. (D) +1. (E) -1. (F) -3. 13-[05z]. What is the oxidation number of oxygen in water? (A) zero. (B) +1. (C) +2. (D) +3. (E) -1. (F) -2. (G) -3. 14-[05z]. W hat is the oxidation number of chromium in CrO 4-2 ? (A) +1. (B) +2. (C) +3. (D) +4. (E) +5. (F) +6. (G) +7. (H) +8. 15-[05z]. W hich is a base? (A) HCl. (B) H 3PO 4. (C) Ba(OH) 2. (D) CH 4. (E) MgCl2. (F) H 2O 2.

17-[05z]. What is the molarity of 20.0 g of NaCl in 100 mL of solution? (A) 3.42. (B) 0.342. (C) 0.300. (D) 2.92. (E) 1.25. (F) 2.14. 18-[0 5z]. W hat is the oxidatio n number in c hlorine in KC lO 4? (A) zero. (B) +1. (C) -2. (D) +3. (E) -4. (F) +5. (G) -6. (H) +7. (I) -8. 19-[05z]. W hat is the oxidation number in manganese in KM nO 4? (A) zero. (B) +1. (C) +3. (D) +5. (E) +7. 20-[05z]. What is the oxidation number of Na in NaCl? (A) zero. (B) +1. (C) -1. (D) +2. (E) -2. (F) +3. (G) -3. 21-[05z]. What is the oxidation number of S in Na2S? (A) zero. (B) +1. (C) -1. (D) +2. (E) -2. (F) +3. (G) -3. 22-[05z]. What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in water? (A) -4. (B) -3. (C) -2. (D) -1. (E) 0. (F) +1. (G) +2. (H) +3. (I) +4. 23-[05z]. Calculate the molarity of a solution produced by dissolving 10 g of Epsom salt, MgSO 4, in enou gh water to form 500 mL of solution. (A) 1.32. (B) 2.64. (C) 0.66. (D) 0.17. (E) 2.1x10 -3. 24-[0 5z]. If yo u add the following to water, the water will still not cond uct electricity. (A) table salt. (B) table sugar. (C) acetic acid. (D) potassium perchlorate. (E) cupric sulfate. 25-[05z]. What is the etymological origin of the modern chemical symbol Hg of mercury? (A) " Hyd ro-argentum." (B ) "H ydro-gold." (C) "H igh-gold." (D ) "H oney-gold." (E) "H ot-gold." 26-[05z]. W hich is an electrolyte? (A) sugar. (B) gasoline. (C) sodium chloride. (D) water. 27-[0 5z]. E thyl alcoh ol can be dissolved : (A) in water, but not in gasoline. (B) in gasoline, but not in water. (C) in both water and in gasoline. 28-[05z]. You make 1.00 liter of sugar solution by adding 18.0 g of glucose to 982 g of water. Now set the solution in the kitchen and let it evapo rate. After a week you find the volume is now 500 mL (no sugar is lost, of course, just water is lost). What is this final molarity of glucose? (A) 18.0. (B) 9.0. (C) 5.0. (D) 2.0. (E) 1.00. (F) 0.50. (G) 0.20. (H) 0.11. (I) 0.056. 29-[05z]. W hich is a weak electrolyte? (A) sodium chloride. (B) acetic acid. (C) sucrose. (D) sodium sulfate. 30-[05z]. W hen you mix a solution of sodium iodide with silver nitrate, a yellow precipitate occurs. What is the yellow precipitate? (A) sodium hydroxide. (B) silver hydroxide. (C) sodium nitrate. (D) silver iodide. (E) silver nitrate. (F) sodium-silver alloy. 31-[05z]. React nitric acid with magnesium carbonate. What gas is produced? (A) steam. (B) nitric oxide. (C) carbon dioxide. (D) magnesium hydroxide. (E) Epson gas. (F) magnesium carbide. (G) methane. 32-[05z]. You have a 0.256 M solution of sucrose. Take 120 mL of this solution and allow to concentrate (by standing in the sun for a day) to 83 mL. What is the molarity of the new solution? (A) 0.177. (B) 5.65. (C) 0.370. (D) 2.70. (E) 0.128. (F) 0.0561. 33-[05z]. You have a 0.256 M solution of sucrose. Take 120 mL of this solution and dilute it by adding 120 mL of water to make a total volume of 240 mL. What is the molarity of the new solution? (A) 0.177. (B) 5.65. (C) 0.370. (D) 2.70. (E) 0.128. (F) 0.0561. 34-[05z]. You have a 0 .50 M solution of sucrose. Take 10 m L of this solution and add 90 mL of water. What is the molarity of the new solution? (A) 0.25. (B) 0.090. (C) 0.05. (D) 0.009. (E) 0.005. 35-[0 5z]. T he eq uation M(old) x V(old) = M (new) x V(new) is used in:

(A) calculating new molecular masses. (B) calculating new solution concentrations after dilution. (C) calculating new oxidation numbers. (D) calculating which reactions will give precipitates. (E) calculating which compounds are acids. 36-[05z]. Which will have the highest concentration of potassium ion? (A) 0 .2 0 M KCl. (B) 0 .1 5 M K 2CrO 4. (C) 0 .0 80 M K3PO 4. (D) 0.10 K 2HPO 4. (E) 0.25 M KNO 3. 101-[05z]. In KNO 2, the oxidation number of nitrogen is: (A) zero. (B) -1. (C) +1. (D) -2. (E) +2. (F) -3. (G) +3. 102-[05z]. The hydroxide of which element is amphoteric? (A) barium. (B) iodine. (C) aluminum. (D) magnesium. (E) chlorine. (F) sodium. (G) calcium. 103-[05z]. The trioxide of which element, when dissolved in water, forms a strong acid? (A) lithium. (B) carbon. (C) phosphorus. (D) sulfur. (E) calcium. (F) selenium. 104-[05z]. The oxide of which of these forms a strong base? (A) calcium. (B) aluminum. (C) nitrogen. (D) carbon. (E) iodine. 105 -[05z]. W hich is false about elemental sodium? (A) gains electrons easily. (B ) has a m etallic luster. (C) co nduc ts electrons easily. (D) co nducts heat easily. (E) after reacted with oxygen ga s and then dissolved in water, forms a base. (F) is ma lleable. (G) is a metal. 106-[05z]. Who first prepared metallic potassium and sodium? (A) Mendeleev. (B) Davy. (C) Lavoisier. (D) Berzelius. (E) Dalton. (F) Bunsen. (G) E. Rutherford. 107-[05z]. Calculate the molarity of a solution produced by dissolving 11.7 g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO 4, in enough water to form 1 25 m L of so lution. (A) 1.32. (B) 2.64. (C) 0.66. (D) 0.17. (E) 2.1x10 -3. (F) 23.4. 108-[05z]. If the concentration of vinyl chloride C 2H 3Cl in the atmosphere is 2.0 x 10-6 g/L, what is the concentration in moles/liter? (A) 2.4 x 10 -6. (B) 3.3 x 10-8. (C) 4.8 x 10-10. (D) 1.6 x 10-13. (E) 6.7 x 10-15. 109-[05z]. If the concentration of vinyl chloide C2H 3Cl in the atmosphere is 2.0 x 10-6 g/L, what is the concentration in molecules/liter? (A) 2.0 x 10 16. (B) 5.4 x 1018. (C) 5.6 x 1019. (D) 7.3 x 1020. (E) 6.2 x 1021.

****************************************************************************** CHA PT ER 6 - Energy and C hemical Reactions 01-[0 6z]. T he first law o f thermo dynamics states that: (A) work = force distance. (B) kinetic energy = mv2. (C) the specific heat of a substance is the heat gained per degree K elvin divided by the m ass of the substance. (D ) the total energy in a system is conse rved. (E) all spontaneous processes must be exothermic. (F) the )H value of all elements is zero. 02-[06 z]. W hich is not an exothermic process? (A) freezing water. (B) burning wood . (C) rusting iron. (D) m etabolism o f glucose in the bod y. (E) photo synthesis. (F) reaction of sodium with water. 03-[06z]. Calculate the heat required to decompose calcium carbonate (limestone, CaCO 3) to lime (calcium oxide, CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), CaCO 3( s ) CaO(s ) + CO 2( g ), if the following information is given: )H f = -1206.9 kJ/mol for CaCO3( s ) )H f = -635.1 kJ/mol for CaO(s ) )H f = -393.5 kJ/mol for CO 2( g ) Answer in kJ/mol: (A) +2235.5. (B) +96 5.3. (C) +178.3. (D) + 1448.5. (E) -223 5.5. (F) -965.3. (G) -178.3. (H) -

1448.5. 04-[06z]. W hen iron reacts with O 2 to form Fe2O 3 ( s ), 824 kJ are evolved per mole of oxide formed: 2Fe(s ) + 3/2 O 2( g ) Fe 2O 3( s ). How many kJ of heat energy are evolved when 27.9 g of Fe react with O2 to form Fe2O 3? (A) 206. (B) 103. (C) 53.0. (D) 55.8. (E) 111.6. (F) 223.2. 05-[06z]. Using the following )H f values, CO 2( g ) = -39 3.5; H 2O( l) = -28 5.8; O 2( g ) = 0; CH 4( g ) = -74.81; the following reaction, CO 2( g ) + H 2O( l) O 2( g ) + CH 4( g ) is: (A) exothermic. (B) endothermic. (C) neither. 06-[06z]. W hat is the heat of combustion of benzene (C 6H 6), that is, the )H for the following reaction, C 6H 6( l) + 15/2 O 2( g ) 6CO 2( g ) + 3 H 2O ( l) knowing the following information: 6 C(graphite ) + 3 H 2( g ) C 6H 6( l) )H = + 49.0 kJ C( graphite ) + O 2( g ) CO 2( g ) )H = -393 .5 kJ H 2( g ) + O 2( g ) H 2O( l) )H = -285 .8 kJ (A) -630. (B) -728. (C) -2598. (D) -2361. (E) -3267. (F) -3169. (G) -2696. 07-[06z]. The enthalpy of vaporation of ethanol is: (A) positive. (B) negative. (C) 0. 08-[06z]. Using the following )H f values, CO 2( g ) = -39 3.5; H 2O( l) = -28 5.8; O 2( g ) = 0; CH 4( g ) = -74.81; for the following reaction, CO 2( g ) + H 2O( l) O 2( g ) + CH 4( g ), calculate the enthalpy of reac tion. (A) + 445 .1. (B ) +222.5 . (C) +100 0. (D ) +890.3 . (E) -445.1 . (F) -22 2.5. (G ) -100 0. (F) -890 .3. 09-[06z]. Which has a standard enthalpy of formation = 0? (A) hydrogen chloride. (B) graphite. (C) water. (D) ice. (E) calcium carbonate. 10-[0 6z]. Y ou get the same value of )H whe n you calculate for the p rocess H 2O( s ) H 2O( l), as you do when you calculate of )H for the process H 2O( s ) H 2O( g ) H 2O( l). This is a consequence of which law: (A) law of conservation of heat. (B) first law of thermodynamics. (C) Hess law. (D) Bohrs law. (E) Grahams law. (F) photoelectric law. (G) Hunds law. 11-[06z]. Which process is endothermic? (A) freezing water. (B) burning wood . (C) rusting iron. (D) m etabolism o f glucose in the bod y. (E) photo synthesis. 12-[06z]. Which process is endothermic? (A) sweat evaporating. (B) respiration. (C) reaction of sodium in water. (D) sulfuric acid reacting with sodium hydroxide. (E) hydrogen reacting with oxygen. 13-[06z] Calculate )H for the reaction CH 4( g ) + F2( g ) CF 4( g ) + HF( g ), using the )H f values CH 4( g ) = -74.8; CF 4( g ) = -679.9; HF( g ) = -26 8.6. (all values in kJ. Be sure to balance). (A) -3456 . (B) -1 245 . (C) -1680 . (D) -2 920 . (E) -23. 14-[06z]. The )H for pho tosynthesis is: (A) equal in value but opposite in sign to the combustion of cellulose. (B) equal both in value and sign to the combustion of gasoline. (C) equal in value but opposite in sign to the conversion of diamond to graphite. (D) equal both in value and sign to the conversion of gaseous carbon dioxide to solid carbon dioxide. 15-[06z]. Compare the combustion of diamond and graphite (burning in oxygen). Which produces more heat? (A) diamond. (B) graphite. (C) both are the same. 16-[06z]. How m uch heat is evolved when 1 g of diamond is burne d in ox ygen to give carbon dioxide, comp ared to when 1 g of grap hite is burned in oxygen to give carb on dioxide? A nswer: the com bustion of diam ond gives: (A) 32 kJ more. (B) 32 kJ less. (C) 160 J more. (D) 160 J less. (E) 1.90 kJ more. (F) 1.90 kJ less. (G) 393 J more. (H) 39 5 J less [ CAUTION : sometimes "J" is used in the answer, sometimes "kJ"].

17-[0 6z]. E vaporatio n of sweat is a(n): (A) exothermic pro cess. (B) end othermic p rocess. (C) no nspontaneous chemical proc ess. (D) combustion p rocess. 18-[06z]. W hich food has the most fuel value? (A) fat. (B) cellulose. (C) starch. (D) protein. 19-[06z]. Which food has about the same amount of chemical energy (in the body) as gasoline (in a car)? (A) vitamins. (B) carbohydrates. (C) proteins. (D) fats. (E) water. 20-[0 6z]. T he first law o f thermo dynamics is also know n as: (A) B oyles law. (B) H ess law. (C ) law of conse rvation of energy. (D) Plancks law. (E ) Heisenberg s unc ertainty principle. 21-[06z]. Which is an endothermic process? (A) the melting o f ice. (B) the reaction o f HC l( g ) with Zn(s ) to form H 2( g ) and ZnCl2( s ). (C) gaseous HCl dissolving in water. (D) charcoal burning in the atmosphere. (E) FeS 2( s ) + O 2( g ) Fe( s ) + SO 2( g ). (F) atmospheric moisture (dissolved in the gaseous atmosphere) condensing to dew (water collecting on the grass). 22-[0 6z]. T he first law o f thermo dynamics states that: (A) energy is conserved during a chemical reaction. (B) mass remains unchanged during a chemical reaction. (C) every chemical reaction must be exothermic. (D) endothermic processes are only seen in physical processes. (E) the enthalpy of a chemical reaction is measured for a variable pressure. 23-[0 6z]. O xidatio ns are usually: (A) exothermic. (B) endothermic. (C) neither exothermic nor endothermic. (D) impossible in the presence of oxygen. (E) inv olving a positive entha lpy. 24-[0 6z]. W hen the enthalp y is negative in an aqueous chemical reaction, (A) the aqueous solution cools down. (B) the )H is positive. (C) the aqueous reaction spontaneously heats up. (D) the water freezes. (E) the water electrolyzes into hydrogen and oxygen. 25-[06z]. As ethyl alcohol (C 2H 5OH ) evap orates, the pro cess is: (A) exothermic. (B) endothermic. (C) either exothermic or endothermic, depending on the temperature. 26-[06z]. How m uch energy in kJ is produced when 30 .0 grams of liquid hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) decomp oses to liquid water? (A) 98.0. (B) 105.7. (C) 86.4. (D) 93.2. (E) 153. (F) 176. (G) 100. 27-[0 6z]. F or evapo rating wa ter, )H is: (A) negative. (B) positive. (C) zero. 28-[06z]. W hat is the )H (in kJ) for converting 18 grams of liquid water to water vapor? (A) +44. (B) +188. (C) +286. (D) +89. (E) +4.0. 29-[0 6z]. T he ferm entation of glucose, C 6H 12O 6 , prod uces ethyl alcoh ol C 2H 5OH and CO 2 according to the equation C 6H 12O 6( s ) 2C 2H 5OH( l) + 2CO 2( g ) How much heat (in kJ) is given off as this 1.0 gram of carbon dioxide is produced? (A) 41.2. (B) 19.4. (C) 9.7. (D) 2.3. (E) 1.0. (F) 0.79. (G) 0.39. (H) 0.080. 30-[0 6z]. T he ferm entation of glucose, C 6H 12O 6 , prod uces ethyl alcoh ol C 2H 5OH and CO 2 according to the equation C 6H 12O 6( s ) 2C 2H 5OH( l) + 2CO 2( g ) . The reac tion is: (A) exothermic. (B) endothermic. (C) both exothermic and endothermic, depending upon the room temperature. 31-[06z]. Calculate )H (in kJ) for the reaction 2C(s ) + H 2( g ) C 2H 2( g ), given the follow ing reactions and their respective enthalphy changes: C 2H 2( g ) + 5/2 O 2( g ) 2CO 2( g ) + H 2O( l) )H = -129 9.6 kJ C( s ) + O 2( g ) CO 2( g ) )H = -393 .5 kJ 2H 2( g ) + O 2( g ) 2H 2O( l) )H = -571 .6 kJ

(A) -2264.7. (B) +226.8. (C) -59. (D) -334.5. (E) +334.5. (F) +512.9. (G) +1477.7. (H) -624.1. 32-[06z]. Calculate )H (in kJ) , invoking Hess law, for the pro cess C 2H 6( g ) C 2H 4( g ) + H 2( g ), given the following information 2 C 2H 6( g ) + 7 O 2( g ) 4 CO 2( g ) + 6 H 2O( l) )H = -311 9.4 kJ C 2H 4( g ) + 3 O 2( g ) 2 CO 2( g ) + 2 H 2O( l) )H = -141 0.9 kJ H 2( g ) + O 2( g ) H 2O( l) )H = -285 .8 kJ Answers: (A) +137. (B) +583. (C) -267. (D) -198. (E) -436. 33-[06z]. Calculate the )H for the hydrogenation of ethylene C 2H 6( g ) given the follow ing inform ation.. 2 C 2H 6( g ) + 7 O 2( g ) 4 CO 2( g ) + 6 H 2O( l) C 2H 4( g ) + 3 O 2( g ) 2 CO 2 ( g ) + 2 H 2O( l) H 2( g ) + O 2( g ) H 2O( l) Answers: (A) -226.7. (B) -52.30. (C) -84.68. (D) -174.4. (E) (C 2H 4) to ethane (C2H 6) (in kJ/m ol), C 2H 4( g ) + H 2( g )

)H = -311 9.4 kJ )H = -141 0.9 kJ )H = -285 .8 kJ

-32.4. (F) -311.4. (G) -279.0. (H) -137.0.

34-[06z]. How much heat (kJ) is necessary to evaporate 1.00 g of ethyl alcohol? (A) 278. (B) 168. (C) 42.6. (D) 6.02. (E) 2.19. (F) 0.92. (G) 0.18. (H) 0.033. 35-[06z]. Calculate the )H for the combustion of 1.00 mole of glucose(C 6H 12O 6), in kJ (assume water in the liquid phase). (A) -2803. (B) +2803. (C) -1456. (D) +1456. (E) -1967. (F) +1967. 36-[06z]. Which process is exothermic? (A) water boiling. (B) water freezing. (C) ice melting. (D) water evaporating. (E) sugar dissolving in water. 37-[0 6z]. C alculate the heat (kJ) necessary to eva porate 18 grams of water. (For this pro blem, ignore the algebraic sign). (A) 44.0. (B) 527.6. (C) 285.8. (D) 241.8. (E) 0. 38-[06z]. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation (kJ) of solid Mg(OH) 2, given the following data: 2H 2( g ) + O 2( g ) 2H 2O( l) )H = -571 .7 kJ 2M g( s ) + O 2( g ) 2MgO(s ) )H = -120 3.6 kJ Mg(OH) 2( s ) MgO(s ) + H 2O( l) )H = +3 7.1 kJ Answers: (A) -924.8. (B) -1812.4. (C) -1738.2. (D) -999.0. (E) -1135.4. (F) -669.0. (G) -743.2. 39-[06z]. Calculate the )H (kJ) for the reduction of 100 g of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide (react carbon dioxide with eleme ntal hydrogen to give carbon monoxide and wa ter; all reac tants and products in the gas phase). (A) +93.6. (B) -93.6. (C) +41.2. (D) -41.2. (E) +64.4. (F) -64.4. (G) +25.1. (H) -25.1. 40-[0 6z]. If )H for the reaction CO 2( g ) + 2H 2O( l) CH 4( g ) + 2O 2( g ) is +890 kJ, what is )H for the reaction CH 4 ( g ) + O 2( g ) CO 2( g ) + H 2O( l)? Answers: (A) +1780. (B) -1780. (C) -890. (D) +445. (E) -445. (F) +29.8. (G) -29.8. 41-[0 6z]. G iven the following data, 2 SO 2( g ) + O 2( g ) 2 SO 3( g ) )H = -196 .7 kJ SO 3( g ) + H 2O( l) H 2SO 4( l) )H = -130 .1 kJ what is the enthalpy (in kJ) for the reaction of 2 SO 2( g ) + O 2( g ) + 2 H 2O( g ) 2 H 2SO 4( l)? Answers: (A) 66.6. (B) 326.8. (C) -326.8. (D) 456.9. (E) -456.9. (F) -66.6. (G) 0. 42-[06z] Which of the following has a standard enthalpy of formation of 0 kJ/mol at 25 / C and stand ard atmosp heric pressure? (A) H 2O( l). (B) O 2( g ). (C) Fe( l) (D) H Cl( g ). SiO 2( s ). 43-[06z]. Given the chemical equation S(s ) + O 2( g ) SO 2( g ), )H = -297 kJ, what is )H (in kJ) for 4.00 g of sulfur burning to form sulfur dioxide? (A) -586. (B) -37. (C) -293. (D) -145. (E) -425. 44-[0 6z]. T he de finition of a chang e in enthalpy )H is:

(A) the heat gained or lost by a system at constant temperature. (B) the heat gained or lost by a system at constant pressure. (C) the work performed by a system during constant volume. (D) the temperature gained by a system divided by the work performed. (E) the change of kinetic energy as a system is cooled to absolute zero. 45-[06z]. The enthalpy of formation )H f of a sub stance is the entha lpy change for the reaction where: (A) the substance is formed from its constituent elements. (B) the substance is formed by photosynthesis. (C) the substance is formed from com mon oxides. (D) the substance is formed from naturally occurring compounds. (E) the substance is forme d from fossil fuels. 46-[06z]. Does it take more heat to evaporate 1 gram of water, 1 gram of methyl alcohol, 1 gram of ethyl alcohol, or 1 gram of benzene? (A) 1 gram of water. (B) 1 gram of methyl alcohol. (C) 1 gram of ethyl alcohol. (D) 1 gram of benzene. (E) theyre all the same. ****************************************************************************** CH AP TE R 7 - Electro nic Co nfiguratio ns and the Pe riodic Table 01-[07z]. What element would have two 2s electrons and three 2p electrons? (A) hydrogen. (B) helium. (C) carbon. (D) nitrogen. (E) boron. (F) neon. 02-[07z]. Which atom is spherical in shape? (A) nitrogen. (B) hydrogen. (C) uranium. (D) neon. (E) iron. 03-[07z]. What would include a configuration of 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 64s 03d 10? (A) Zn+2. (B) Fe. (C) Br-1. (D) K +1. (E) Kr. (F) As -3. 04-[07z]. Green light has a wavelength of 500 nm. What is the frequency in Hz? (A) 5.00 10 8. (B) 6.00 1014. (C) 0.200. (D) 1.67 10 10. (E) 500. (G) 1.67 108. (H) 6.00 10 -4. 05-[07z]. W hat is the total energy, in joules, of a mo le of photons of green light (500 nm)? (A) 2.39 10 5. (B) 6.02 1023. (C) 5.67 1010. (D) 1.07 1020. (E) 1.07 10-17. (F) 3.56 10 -7. (G) 7.88 1019. 06-[07z]. What is the wavelength, approximately, of KRLD radio station, which broadcasts at 1080 kilohertz? (A) the distance from Denton to D allas. (B) a millimeter. (C) the distance from the W illis library to the Union, about two city blocks. (D) the diameter of an atom. (E) the size of a bacterium (F) the distance from the earth to the sun. 07-[07z]. Which, of the following list, has the shortest wavelength? (A) b lue light. (B ) X-rays. (C) radio waves. (D ) ultraviolet light. (E) infrared light. 08-[07z]. Which, of the following list, has the greatest velocity? (A) green light. (B) red light. (C) X-rays. (D) infrared light. (E) theyre all the same. 09-[0 7z]. T he waveleng th of ultraviolet light is ab out: (A) 200 :m. (B) 2 m. (C) 0.2 :m. (D) 200 m. (E) 2 nm. (F) 2 km. (G) 2 10-3 m. 10-[07z]. W hich light has the greatest energy? (A) a photon falling from n = 4 to n = 1. (B) a photon falling from n = 2 to n = 1. (C) a photon falling from the nucleus to n = 1. 11-[07z]. How m any electrons can one orbital contain? (A) none. (B) one. (C) two. (D) eight. (E) infinite number. 12-[0 7z]. A s one moves from tellurium to iodine, an electron has b een p laced in the: (A) s subshell. (B) p subshell. (C) d subshell. (D) f subshell. 13-[07z]. Which element has the configuration? 1s22s 22p 63s 23p 64s 23d 2 ?

(A) calcium. (B) vanadium. (C) titanium. (D) zirconium. (E) argon. (F) praseodymium. (G) helium. 14-[07z]. With which element was helium confused when it was first observed in the sun? (A) calcium. (B) lithium. (C) rubidium. (D) francium. (E) sodium. (F) cesium. (G) bromine. 15-[0 7z]. A monochromatic, coherent source of light is a: (A) volcano. (B) magnesium fire. (C) light-emitting diode. (D) laser. (E) Bunsen burner. (F) spectroscope. (G) star. 16-[07z]. Which one of these has have a noble-gas configuration? (A) Mn +3. (B) Cl+1. (C) B. (D) the P atom in PCl5. (E) Br -1. 17-[07z]. What is the frequency of blue light (in Hz) whose wavelength is 430 nm? (A) 6.97 x 10 14. (B) 2.45 x 1010. (C) 7.36 x 108. (D) 9.29 x 105. 18-[07 z]. The w avelength of X -rays are about the size of: (A) atoms. (B ) bacteria. (C) p rotons. (D) fingernails. 19-[07 z]. W hat does not have d electrons? (A) gadolinium. (B) potassium. (C) iron. (D) barium. (E) bromine. 20-[07z]. W hich orbital is shaped as a sphere? (A) s . (B) p . (C) d . (D) f. 21-[07z]. What are the quantum numbers of the last electron added to calcium? (A) n = 0, l = 0, m = 0, s = +. (B ) n = 3, l = 1, m = 1, s = +. (C) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, s = +. (D ) n = 4, l = 1, m = -1, s = +. 22-[07z]. Which element glows red in a flame? (A) indium. (B) barium. (C) potassium. (D) strontium. (E) sodium. 23-[07z]. Which element glows green in a flame? (A) indium. (B) barium. (C) potassium. (D) strontium. (E) sodium. 24-[07z]. Which element glows yellow in a flame? (A) indium. (B) barium. (C) potassium. (D) strontium. (E) sodium. 25-[07z]. Which element glows purple in a flame? (A) indium. (B) barium. (C) potassium. (D) strontium. (E) sodium. 26-[07z]. Who invented the phrase "atomic number"? (A) Rutherford. (B) M endeleev. (C) M eyer. (D) D alton. (E) M oseley. (F) Berzelius. (G) D emoc ritus. 27-[07 z]. W hat has f electrons? (A) erbium. (B) potassium. (C) hydrogen. (D) barium. (E) bromine. 28-[07z]. If the quantum number m = 3, then the orbital: (A) must be s . (B) may be s . (C) cannot be s . 29-[07z]. Which is impossible? (A) (A) n = 1, l = 0, m = 0, s = -. (B) n = 3, l = 1, m = -1, s = -. (C) n = 5, l = 3, m = +3 , s = +. (D ) n = 2, l = 2, m = 0, s = +. (E) n = 6, l = 0, m = 0, s = +. 30-[0 7z]. T he spectra o f two different gase ous elements at roo m temperature and 1 atmosp here p ressure : (A) may o r may not be different. (B) must be different. (C) must be the sam e. (D) must be the same co lor. (E) must be continuous spectra. 31-[0 7z]. A s an elec tron in an atom falls from a n orb ital with n = 4 to an orbital with n = 1, (A) energy is absorbed by the hydrogen atom. (B) a continuous spectra is emitted. (C) a photon is emitted by the atom. (D) the electron falls to an orbital with m = +1. (E) the spin of the electron changes to zero.

32-[07z]. What are the quantum numbers of the last electron added to sodium? (A) n = 0, l = 0, m = 0, s = -. (B) n = 3, l = 1, m = 1, s = -. (C) n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = -. (D) n = 3, l = 1, m = -1, s = -. (E) n = 3, l = 2, m = +1 , s = -. (F) n = 5, l = 2, m = -2, s = -. 33-[07z]. The wavelength of infrared light is about how long? (A) micrometer. (B) nanometer. (C) meter. (D) 10 -4 meter. (E) kilometer. 34-[07z]. Calculate the wavelength of light whose frequency is 4.69x10 14 Hz. (A) 4.69 meters. (B) 640 nanometers. (C) 14.1 millimeters. (D) 6.40x10 -3 meter. (E) 1.56x10-9 meter. (F) 14100 meters. 35-[07z]. A photon is: (A) a negatively charged particle. (B) a quantum of light. (C) a wavelength of an alpha particle. (D) a wave of a positron. (E) a positively charged particle. 36-[07z]. What is the wavelength of radiation that has photons of energy 5.44x10-18 J? (A) 36.5 nm. (B) 740 km. (C) 460 nm. (D) 220 :m. (E) 14.2 mm: (F) 89.2 m. 37-[07z]. 56 Megahertz is: (A) 5.6x105 Hz. (B) 0.056 kilohertz. (C) 56 thousand Hz. (D) 56X10-6 millihertz. (E) 56,000,000 Hz. (F) 5.6x109 microhertz. 38-[07z]. Who invented spectroscopical analysis of the elements? (A) Mendeleev. (B) Davy. (C) Lavoisier. (D) Berzelius. (E) Dalton. (F) Bunsen. (G) E. Rutherford. 39-[07z]. WGAT-FM broadcasts at 366 MHz. What is its wavelength? (A) 366 m. (B) 2460 m. (C) 737 nm. (D) 253 km. (E) 820 mm. 40-[07z]. Which element has 2 electrons in its 3p subshell? (A) carbon. (B) boron. (C) silicon. (D) chlorine. (E) hydrogen. (F) magnesium. (G) beryllium. 41-[07z]. The electronic configuration 1s22s 22p 6 3s 23p 6 is not corre ct for: (A) Ar. (B) Cl-1. (C) K +1. (D) Cl. (E) S -2. 42-[0 7z]. W hich is imp ossible for the quantum numbe rs for a p articular orbital? (A) n = 1, l = 1, m = 1;. s = + ; (B) n = 3, l = 1, m = 1; s = -; (C) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0; s = + ; (D) n = 5, l = 2, m = -2; s = -; (E) n = 1, l = 0, m = 0; s = +. 43-[0 7z]. If electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength the size of an atom , then it would be: (A) red light. (B) b lue light. (C) infrared. (D) ultraviolet. (E) X -rays. (F) radio wave s. 44-[0 7z]. E nergy is emitted when an electronic tra nsition o ccurs: (A) from n = 2 to 4. (B) from an s orbital of radius 2.12 to radius 8.48 . (C) from an s orbital to an f orbital in the same shell. (D) from an orbital in the valence shell to an unoccupied orbital in an inner shell. (E) in an H +1 ion. 45-[07z]. What has the electronic configuration 1s22s 2? (A) hydrogen atom. (B) hydrogen ion. (C) helium. (D) helium ion. (E) lithium. (F) lithium ion. (G) beryllium. (H) beryllium ion. 46-[07z]. Which element has 5 electrons in its 3d subshell? (A) carbon. (B) boro n. (C) silicon. (D) chlorine. (E) hydrogen. (F) manganese. (G) iron. 47-[07z]. WBAP broadcasts at 820 kHz. What is its wavelength? (A) 366 m. (B) 2460 m. (C) 737 nm. (D) 253 km. (E) 505 mm.

48-[07z]. Which has the electronic configuration of 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 6? (A) Ar +1. (B) Ne. (C) Na +1. (D) Cl-1. (E) Kr. 49-[07z]. W hich is formed by remo ving an electron from an s orbital, and the simultaneous transfer of the remaining s electron of that orbital to a d orbital? (A) H +1. (B) Ag+1. (C) Fe +3. (D) As-3. (E) Zn +2. (F) Ti+4. 50-[07z]. The reason Fe+3 is so stable is because: (A) the ions electronic configuration 1s22s 22p 63s 23p 64s 03d 5 is symmetrical. (B) the ions electronic configuration 1s 22s 22p 63s 2 3p 64s 23d 3 has the minimum number of electrons in d orbitals. (C) the ion is spherical. (D) the ion has attained an inert gas configuration. (E) the ion possesses a "magic number" of 23 electrons. (F) the color of Fe +3 is low-energy red. 51-[96]. The ions of atomic number 21-30 are formed by initial loss of electrons from which orbital? (A) 3d. (B) 4s. (C) 3p. (D) 4p. 52-[07z]. 1s22s 22p 63s 23p 64s 23d 104p 65s 24d 105p 66s 24f145d 106p 3 is the electronic configuration for: (A) mercury. (B) gadolinium. (C) bismuth. (D) antimony. (E) lead. (F) gold. 53-[07z]. When do two elements have identical emission spectra? (A) when they are heated. (B) when they are ionized. (C) never. (D) when they are in cationic form. (E) when they are observ ed in the sun. (F) when they are placed in a o xyacetylene torch flame. (G) when they are cooled to abso lute zero. 54-[07z]. Those elements in which a d subshell is being filled are called the: (A) representative elements. (B) main-group elements. (C) transition elem ents. (D) lanthanide elements. (E) actinide elements. 55-[07z]. Which of the following is not a main-group element? (A) argon. (B) potassium. (C) titanium. (D) chlorine. (E) lead. (F) barium. 56-[0 7z]. H unds ru le states that: (A) no two electrons in an atom can have the same values for n , l, m (or ml), and s (or ms ). (B) the lowest state of an electron configuration is attained by maxim izing the numbe r of electrons with the same electron spin. (C) there is a limit to the certainty of determ ining the p osition and m ome ntum sim ultaneo usly of an electro n. (D) orbitals within the same subshell are degenerate. (E) the emission spectrum of an element is a line spectrum. 101-[07z]. What atom is the largest? (A) sodium. (B) silicon. (C) fluorine. 102-[07z]. W hat atom is the largest? (A) iodine. (B) lithium. (C) sulfur. 103-[07z]. Which element loses an electron the most easily? (A) sodium. (B) rubidium. (C) sulfur. (D) tellurium. 104-[07z]. Which element gains an electron the most easily? (A) sodium. (B) rubidium. (C) sulfur. (D) tellurium. 105-[07z]. Which would conduct electricity the most readily? (A) sulfur; (B) germanium; (C) silver; (D) neon; (E) selenium; (F) silicon. 106-[07z]. Which element was predicted by Mendeleev? (A) silicon. (B) germanium. (C) iodine. (D) fluorine. (E) cesium. (F) arsenic. (G) aluminum. (H) strontium. 107-[07z]. Which element was discovered by Bunsen? (A) silicon. (B) germanium. (C) iodine. (D) fluorine. (E) cesium. (F) arsenic. (G) aluminum. (H) strontium.

108 -[07z ]. W hich is an alkali me tal? (A ) osmium; (B ) barium; (C) sodium; (D ) gold; (E) aluminum ; (F) iod ine. 109-[07z]. Who predicted the s, p, d, and f orbitals? (A) Einstein. (B) Schrdinger. (C) Heisenberg. (D) B ohr. (E) Davy. (F) Lavoisier. (G) M endeleev. (H) Bunsen. 111-[07z]. W hich is a semiconductor? (A) germanium. (B) iodine. (C) terbium. (D) barium. (E) hydrogen. 112 -[07z]. W hat is not a property of metallic sodium? (A) malleable. (B) conducts electricity. (C) conducts heat. (D) accepts electrons when reacting with nonmetals. (E) can be cut with a knife. (F) when cut exposes a shiny surface but rapidly oxidizes in the atmosphere to form a layer of white oxide. 113 -[07z]. W hich is the most electronegative atom in this series? (A ) Ca. (B) H. (C) C . (D) O. (E) S. (F) As. 114-[07z]. Which scientist was the most recent? (A) Bohr. (B) B oyle. (C) Bunsen. (D) Curies. (E) Dalton. (F) Davy. (G) Lavoisier. (H) Mend elev. 115-[07z]. Which scientist was the earliest? (A) Bohr. (B) B oyle. (C) Bunsen. (D) Curies. (E) Dalton. (F) Davy. (G) Lavoisier. (H) Mend elev. 116-[07z]. Who first isolated potassium in elemental form? (A) Bohr. (B) B oyle. (C) Bunsen. (D) Curies. (E) Dalton. (F) Davy. (G) Lavoisier. (H) Mend elev. 117-[07z]. Who discovered the Periodic Table? (A) Bohr. (B) B oyle. (C) Bunsen. (D) Curies. (E) Dalton. (F) Davy. (G) Lavoisier. (H) Mend elev. 118-[07z]. Who discovered the spectroscopic analysis of elements? (A) Bohr. (B) B oyle. (C) Bunsen. (D) Curies. (E) Dalton. (F) Davy. (G) Lavoisier. (H) Mend elev. 119-[07z]. Who discovered radium? (A) Bohr. (B) B oyle. (C) Bunsen. (D) Curies. (E) Dalton. (F) Davy. (G) Lavoisier. (H) Mend elev. 120-[07z]. Who first proposed atoms as featureless spheres, differing only in weight? (A) Bohr. (B) B oyle. (C) Bunsen. (D) Curies. (E) Dalton. (F) Davy. (G) Lavoisier. (H) Mend elev. 121-[07z]. Who first proposed that water was a compound, rather than an element? (A) Bohr. (B) B oyle. (C) Bunsen. (D) Curies. (E) Dalton. (F) Davy. (G) Lavoisier. (H) Mend elev. 122-[07z]. W hat atom is the largest? (A) potassium. (B) germanium. (C) bromine. (D) argon. 123-[07z]. Which element loses an electron the most easily? (A) potassium. (B) lithium. (C) sulfur. (D) iodine. 124-[07z]. Which element is an alkaline earth? (A) osmium; (B) barium; (C) sodium; (D) gold; (E) aluminum; (F) iodine. 125-[07z]. Which element is a halogen? (A) osmium; (B) barium; (C) sodium; (D) gold; (E) aluminum; (F) iodine. 126 -[07z ]. Mendeleev sorted his periodic table o n the basis of: (A) atomic number. (B) atomic weight. (C) ionization energy. (D) ease of extraction from ores. (E) density. (F) chronology (dates) of discovery. (G ) melting point. 127 -[07z ]. Reacting calcium o xide with water gives: (A) a strong b ase. (B) a strong acid. (C) a ne utral salt. (D) limestone. (E) carbon d ioxide. (F) an comb ustible gas.

128 -[07z ]. The major distinction o f osmium and iridium is that they share the ho nors fo r being : (A) the most dense element. (B) the most electrically conductive element. (C) the most reactive element. (D) the most important element in semiconductors. (E) the only elements never found in meteorites. 129-[07z]. Which atom is the largest? (A) iodine. (B) rubidium. (C) bromine. (D) strontium. (E) carbon. (F) selenium. 130-[07z]. W hich atom or ion is the largest? (A) O -2. (B) F -1. (C) Ne. (D) Na +1. (E) M g +2. 131 -[07z ]. Elem ents kno wn to the ancien ts include: (A) silver, chlorine, potassium. (B) gold, lead, mercury. (C) calcium, tungsten, cobalt. (D) titanium, platinum, barium. (E) silicon, helium, hydrogen. (F) chromium, lithium, sodium. 132 -[07z ]. The inert gases includ e: (A) neon, oxygen, fluorine. (B) krypton, hydrogen, argon. (C) helium, hydrogen, xenon. (D) neon, krypton, argon. (E) fluorine, bromine, chlorine. 133-[07z]. Which element, of the following group, has the greatest electron affinity? (A) iridium. (B) mercury. (C) gold. (D) cesium. (E) lead. (F) iodine. (G) iron. (H) lithium. (I) chlorine. (J) argon. 134-[07z]. Which element, of the following group, has the greatest density? (A) iridium. (B) mercury. (C) gold. (D) cesium. (E) lead. (F) iodine. (G) iron. (H) lithium. (I) chlorine. (J) argon. 135-[07z]. Which element, of the following group, loses an electron the most easily? (A) iridium. (B) mercury. (C) gold. (D) cesium. (E) lead. (F) iodine. (G) iron. (H) lithium. (I) chlorine. (J) argon. 136-[07z]. Which has the greatest electronegativity? (A) hydrogen. (B) rubidium. (C) iodine. (D) calcium. (E) chlorine. (F) beryllium. (G) helium. 137-[07z]. Which has the greatest electronegativity? (A) O. (B) K. (C) Br. (D) He. (E) Ge. 138 -[07z ]. W hich has the greatest elec tronegativity? (A) C l. (B) L i. (C) I. (D ) Ar. (E ) Pt. 139-[07z]. Which has the greatest electronegativity? (A) hydrogen. (B) rubidium. (C) fluorine. (D) calcium. (E) chlorine. (F) beryllium. (G) helium. 140-[07z]. W hich ion is the largest? (A) F -1. (B) Na+1. (C) K +1. (D) Br-1. (E) Al+3. (F) I-1. (G ) M g +2. 141-[07z]. W hich ion is the smallest? (A) F -1. (B) Na+1. (C) K +1. (D) Br-1. (E) Al+3. (F) I-1. (G ) M g +2. 142-[07z]. Which is a lanthanide element? (A) uranium. (B) sodium. (C) dysprosium. (D) osmium. (E) protactinium. (F) iodine. 143-[07z]. What element, once used in 7-up soft drink, is now used to treat manic-depression? (A) sodium. (B) potassium. (C) iodine. (D) lithium. (E) calcium. (F) strontium. 144-[07z]. What elements have the lowest ionization energies? (A) those elements on the right side of the periodic table. (B) nonmetals. (C) those elements on the left side of the periodic table. (D) halogens. (E) lanthanide elements. 145-[07z]. What elements have the greatest electron affinities? (A) those elements on the right side of the periodic table. (B) metals. (C) those elements on the left side of the periodic table. (D) alkali group . (E) actinide elements. 146-[07z]. W hat are the expected ions when K 2O is dissolved in water?

(A) K +1, H +1. (B) K +1, O -2. (C) K +1, OH-1. (D) K +2, H 3O +1. (E) no reac tion occurs. 147-[07z]. What are the expected compounds when Cl2 is dissolved in water? (A) HCl and H OCl. (B) O 3 and HCl. (C) HOCl and OH -1. (D) Cl+1 and OH -1. (E) Cl3+1 and Cl+1. 148-[07z]. W hat is an allotrope of oxygen (O 2)? (A) NOX . (B) ozone. (C) smog. (D) photodissociated nitrogen. (E) nitrate. 149-[07z]. Which is a gas at room temperature? (A) BaO. (B) CaCl2. (C) SnCl2. (D) S iO 2. (E) NO. (F) I 2. 150-[07z]. Which forms an acidic solution when dissolved in water? (A) BaO. (B) CO. (C) SO 2. (D). Na 2O. (E) NaCl. 151-[07z]. Which of the following is largest in size? (A) Cl+1. (B) Cl. (C) Cl-1. (D) I +1. (E) I. (F) I-1. 152 -[07z]. T he prop erty of gold that allows it to be ham mered into a thin film is its (A) conductance. (B) color. (C) luster. (D) malleability. (E) ionic character. 153-[07z]. Which element would have the luster of a metal but would be brittle? (A) potassium. (B) tungsten. (C) sulfur. (D) phosphorus. (E) silicon. (F) barium. 154-[07z]. Which is a metalloid? (A) germanium. (B) iodine. (C) cerium. (D) lithium. (E) lead. 155-[07z]. There are four ferromagnetic (strongly magnetic) elements at room temperature. What are they? (A) N a, Fe, N i, Pb. (B ) Fe, C o, Ba, Ge . (C) T i, Cu, Fe , Zn. (D ) Ni, Fe, Co , Gd. (E) Fe, Cr, C u, V. (F ) Ga, As, Fe, Pb. ****************************************************************************** CHA PT ER 8 - Co valent Bonding 01-[08z]. W hich of the following has covalent bonding? (A) KH. (B) H 2CO. (C) FeCl 3. (D) CaO. 02-[08z]. How many valence electrons does an oxygen atom have? (A) 2. (B) 6. (C) 8. (D) 16. 03-[08z]. How many nonbonding valence electrons does ammonia have? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 6. (E) 8. 04-[08z]. How many nonbonding valence electrons does methane have? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 6. (E) 8. 05-[08z]. An atom has the electronic configuration 1s22s 22p 63s 23p 3 has how many valence electrons? (A) zero. (B) 2. (C) 4. (D) 5. (E) 6. (F) 7. (G) 8. 06-[08z]. In the Lewis dot structure, how many dots would surround an atom of B (boron)? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (E) 4. (F) 5. (G) 6. (H) 7. (I) 8. 07-[08z]. In the Lewis dot structure, how many dots would surround O-2 ? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (E) 4. (F) 5. (G) 6. (H) 7. (I) 8. 08- [08 z]. W hich does not have covalent bonding? (A) CO 2. (B) H 2O. (C) PCl5. (D) PCl3. (E) CO. (F) Rb 2S. 09-[08z]. W hich has the longest bond? (A) H -H. (B) C-C. (C) C=C . (D) C /C. 10-[08z]. Which bond is the most polar? (A) Cl-Cl. (B) H-Cl. (C) Cl-Br. (D) H-H.

11-[0 8z]. In benz ene, there are: (A) six equal carbon-carbon bonds. (B ) twelve equa l carbon-carbon bonds. (C ) six different carbon-carbon b onds. (E ) twelve different carbo n-carbon bond s. 12-[08z]. Use bond energies to calculate the enthalpy change (in kJ) in the reaction CH 4 + 4 F 2 CF 4 + 4HF. The follow ing bo nd energies are given (in kJ): C-H 413 ; F-F 155; C -F 48 5; H-F 56 7; H-H 436; C -C 34 8; C= C 614. Answers: (A) +484. (B) -484. (C) +1936. (D) -1936. (E) +201. (F) -201. (G) +549. (H) -549. (I) +124. (J) -124. 13-[08z]. Use bond energies to calculate the enthalpy change (in kJ) in the reaction H 2C=CH 2 + F 2 H 2FCCFH 2. The follow ing bo nd energies are given (in kJ): C-H 413 ; F-F 155; C -F 48 5; H-F 56 7; H-H 436; C -C 34 8; C= C 614. Answers: (A) +484. (B) -484. (C) +1936. (D) -1936. (E) +201. (F) -201. (G) +549. (H) -549. (I) +124. (J) -124. 14-[08z]. Use bond energies to calculate the enthalpy change (in kJ) in the reaction H 3CCH 3 H 2C=CH 2 + H 2. The follow ing bo nd energies are given (in kJ): C-H 413 ; F-F 155; C -F 48 5; H-F 56 7; H-H 436; C -C 34 8; C= C 614. Answers: (A) +484. (B) -484. (C) +1936. (D) -1936. (E) +201. (F) -201. (G) +549. (H) -549. (I) +124. (J) -124. 15-[08z]. Why is the value for H-F the largest value of all the single bonds? (A) Because the atoms are close and the electronegativity difference between the atoms is great. (B) Because of hydrogen bond ing. (C) Be cause of resonance. (D ) Beca use of sp 3 hybridization. 16-[08z]. W hich has the longest bond? (A) H -H. (B) C-C. (C) C=C . (D) C /C. (E) Br-Br. (F) C=O. 17-[08 z]. W hich species does not have an octet of electrons? (A) Br -1. (B) BF3. (C) Ar. (D) water. (E) ammonia. (F) methane. (G) PCl3. 18-[08z]. Which has a complete octet of valence electrons? (A) Be. (B) Cl-1. (C) H +1 . (D ) Zn. (E) A l. (F) M g +1 19-[08z]. The octet rule does not apply to: (A) hydrogen. (B) sodium. (C) carbon. (D) chlorine. (E) argon. 20-[08z]. Which has a triple bond? (A) ethylene. (B) methane. (C) diatomic chlorine. (D) diatomic nitrogen. (E) diatomic oxygen. (F) diatomic hydrogen. (G) xenon. (H) ozone. 21-[08z]. In the Lewis dot structure of carbon dioxide, how many nonbonding valence electrons are there surrounding the carbon atom? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (E) 4. (F) 5. (G) 6. (H) 7. (I) 8. 22-[08z]. In the Lewis dot structure of freon (CF 4), how many nonbonding valence electrons are there surrounding each fluorine atom? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (E) 4. (F) 5. (G) 6. (H) 7. (I) 8. 23-[08z]. Which is the most polar bond? (A) Cl-Cl. (B) Cl-Br. (C) H-Cl. (D) H-H. (E) H-C. 24-[08z]. W hich has a triple bond? (A ) O 2. (B) H 2. (C) H 2C 2. (D) CO 2. (E) I2. 25-[08z]. W hich of the following has a nonpolar covalent bond? (A) HF . (B) LiF. (C) F 2. (D) Ar. 26-[08z]. W hich has the great bond enthalpy? (A) O= O. (B) S=S . (C) O-O. (D) C /C. 27-[08z]. For the process H-H 2H ! , )H is: (A) negative. (B) positive. (C) zero. 28-[08 z]. How many valence electrons do es O -2 have? (A) zero. (B) 2. (C) 6. (D) 8. 29-[08z]. Which bond has the greatest dipole? (A) C-H. (B) C-C. (C) O-H. (D) H-H. 30-[08z]. In the Lewis dot structure for CH 2Br 2, how many valence electrons surround each hydrogen atom? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (E) 4. (F) 5. (G) 6. (H) 7. (I) 8.

31-[08z]. In the Lewis dot structure for SO 2, how many double bonds are there? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (E) 4. 32-[08z]. W hich has the greatest bond enthalpy? (A) C-H. (B) C-I. (C) O-H. (D) I-I. 33-[08z]. Which of the following has a nonpolar covalent bond? (A) SO 2. (B) MgF 2. (C) O 2. (D) Ne. (E) CCl4. 34-[0 8z]. In the Lewis do t structure of N 2, how many nonbonding electrons reside on each nitrogen atom? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (E) 4. (F) 5. (G) 6. (H) 7. (I) 8. 35-[08z]. Which has a double bond? (A) CH 4. (B) C 2H 6. (C) C 2H 4. (D) C 2H 2. (E) C 2Cl6. 36-[08z]. Which has a double bond? (A) Cl2. (B) H 2. (C) O 2. (D) N 2. (E) Br2. 37-[08z]. W hich has the shortest bond? (A) C-C. (B) H -H. (C) O-H. (D) Cl-Cl. (E) Br-I. 38-[08z]. W hich has the shortest bond? (A) C /C. (B ) C=C. (C) C-C. (D) I-I. (E) S-Cl. 39-[0 8z]. B ond ing which occ urs with the com plete transfer of electrons from one element to ano ther is called: (A) covalent. (B) ionic. (C) metallic. (D) resonance. (E) formal. (F) enthalpic. 40-[08z]. In the formation of a compo und XY where there is a complete transfer of electrons from X to Y to form complete electron octets about both X and Y could b e: (A) ClF. (B) NaK . (C) SO. (D) CO . (E) KBr. (F) HB r. 41-[08z]. Which of the following would have an electron configuration of 1s 22s 22p 6? (A) O. (B) F +1. (C) Cl-1. (D) Na+1. (E) S -2. (F) Kr. 42-[08z]. In which of the following does a bromine atom have a partial negative charge? (A) ClBr. (B) IBr. (C) B rO 3-1. (D) Br2. (E) OBr 2. (F) Br +1. 43-[08z]. Which of the following has a triple bond? (A) CO. (B) NO 3-1. (C) C 2H 6. (D) CO 2. (E) H 2SO 4. (F) C 2H 4. (G) C 2Cl6. ****************************************************************************** CHAP TER 9 - Molecular Structures 01-[09 z]. W hich molecule has sp 2 hybridization? (A) H-C /C-H. (B) H 2C=CH 2. (C) CH 4. (D) H-H. 02-[09 z]. W hich molecule is not polar? (A) CO 2. (B) NH 3. (C) H 2O. (D) HCF 3. (E) H Cl. 03-[0 9z]. H ow m any F-bonds are there in H 2C=CH 2? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 2. (E) 3. (F) 4. (G) 5. (H) 6. (I) 7. (J) 8. 04-[09 z]. W hich is not true about sp3 hybridization in CCl4 ? (A) all bonds are equal length. (B) all bonds are equal strength. (C) the angle between the bonds is 120 /. (D) all bonds are F-bonds. (E) all bonds are polar. 05-[09z] Which molecule has octahedral geometry? (A) water. (B) ice. (C) PCl5. (D) SF 6. (E) benzene. (F) BF 3. 06-[0 9z] H ow m any B-bonds are there in N 2? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D). 3. (E) 4. 07-[09z]. Which molecule is polar? (A) CO 2. (B) BF3. (C) CCl4. (D) H 2S. (E) F 2. 08-[09z]. W hich is the main compound in gasoline? (A) C 4H 10. (B) C 8H 18. (C) CH 4. (D) kerosene. (E) paraffin wax.

09-[09z]. Which molecule is the most polar? (A) CH 4 (B) CO 2 (C) CF 4 (D) I-I (E) CO. 10-[09z]. Which molecule is the most polar? (A) CH 4 (B) CO 2 (C) CF 4 (D) F-F (E) H 2O (F) BF3. 11-[09z]. Which molecule is linear? (A) BF 3 (B) CS2 (C) SF6 (D) PCl5 (E) H 2S. 12-[09z]. Which molecule is the most polar? (A) BF 3 (B) H 2O (C) H 2 (D) H-I (E) Cl-Br. 13-[09z]. Which molecule is trigonal planar? (A) BF3 (B) NH 3 (C) CH 4 (D) O=O (E) SF6. 14-[09z]. Which molecule is linear? (A) BF 3 (B) CO 2 (C) UF6 (D) PCl5 (E) H 2O. 15-[09z]. Which molecule has a trigonal planar geometry? (A) NH 3. (B) H 2O. (C) AlCl3. (D) UF6. 16-[09z]. W hich molecule is linear? (A) H 2O. (B) CO 2. (C) CF4. (D) PH 3. (E) Cl2S. 17-[09z]. Which molecule has zero net polarity? (A) HF. (B) CF 4. (C) NF 3. (D) H 2O. (E) SF2. 18-[09z]. W hat molecule has a bent geometry? (A) H 2O. (B) CO 2. (C) C 2H 2. (D) N 2. (E) H 2. 19-[09 z]. W hich molecule has sp 3-hybridization? (A) CH 4. (B) H-H. (C) H 2C 2. (D) N 2. (E) H 2CCH 2. 20-[09z]. Which molecule has sp-hybridization? (A) CH 4. (B) H-H. (C) I 2. (D) N 2. (E) H 2O. 21-[09z]. The fact that CF 4 is nonp olar p roves: (A) the C-F bond is nonpolar. (B) the CF4 molecule is symmetrical. (C) the electronegativy of fluorine and of carbon are the same. (D) the CF4 molecule is sp-hybridized. (E) the CF 4 molecule is linear. ****************************************************************************** CHA PT ER 10 - Gases and the Atmosphere 01-[10z]. Gas and liquids are similar with regard to which property? (A) they are both compressible. (B) they both have similar densities. (C) they both have similar distances between the molecules. (D) they are both fluids. (E) they both have hydrogen-bonding. 02-[10z]. A fixed quantity of gas at 23/ C exhibits a pressure of 500 torr and occupies a volume of 10.3 L. What volume (in L) will the gas occupy if the pressure is increased to 2.0 atm (and keeps the same temperature)? (A) 20.6. (B) 5.15. (C) 3.38. (D) 0.295. (E) 10.3. (F) 41.2. (G) 0.500. 03-[10z]. A 1.0 flask contains Xe at STP, and a 2.0 flask contains Ar at STP. The ratio of the number of molecules of Xe:Ar is: (A) 2.0. (B) 1.0. (C) 0.5. (D) cannot determine. 04-[10z]. Flask X contains 1.0 L of CO 2 at 0 / C and 1.0 atm pressure . Flask Y contains 2.0 L of N 2 at 0 / C and 0.5 atm pressure . W hich has the large r number o f molecules? (A) X > Y . (B) X < Y . (C) X = Y . (D) cant predict. 05-[10z]. Flask X contains 1.0 L of CO 2 at 0 / C and 1.0 atm pressure . Flask Y contains 2.0 L of N 2 at 0 / C and 0.5 atm pressure . W hich has the greater density? (A) X > Y . (B) X < Y . (C) X = Y . (D) cant predict. 06-[10z]. Flask X contains 1.0 L of CO 2 at 0 / C and 1.0 atm pressure . Flask Y contains 2.0 L of N 2 at 0 / C and 0.5 atm pressure . W hich has the mo lecules moving faster? (A) X > Y . (B) X < Y . (C) X = Y . (D) cant predict. 07-[10z]. Flask X contains 1.0 L of CO 2 at 0 / C and 1.0 atm pressure . Flask Y contains 2.0 L of N 2 at 0 / C and 0.5 atm pressure. Which molecules have a greater average kinetic energy?

(A) X > Y . (B) X < Y . (C) X = Y . (D) cant predict. 08-[10z]. W hat is the partial pressure of oxygen on top of Mo unt Everest, where the atmospheric pressure is about 0.25 atm? Ab out: (A) 40 torr. (B) 250 torr. (C) 380 torr. (D) 700 torr. (E) 2000 torr. 09-[10z]. The partial pressure of oxygen in a scuba divers tank containing ordinary air, at 100 feet below the surface in the oc ean (the pressu re incre ases ab out 1 atm every 33 feet) is about: (A) 10 millitorr. (B) 1 torr. (C) 200 torr. (D) 600 torr. (E) 1000 torr. (F) 3 kilotorr. 10-[10z]. Calculate the density, in g/L, of a 5-L flask containing CO 2 at 1 atm and 100 / C. (A) 1.43. (B) 0.802. (C) 44.0. (D) 7.20. (E) 3.45. (F) 22.4. 11-[10z]. How many liters does a mole of helium occupy at STP? (A) 22.4. (B) 8.20. (C) 12.3. (D) 1.00. (E) 2.00. (F) 4.00. 12-[10z]. If 1.0 L of hydrogen (200/ C, 1 atm) reacts with 1.0 L of oxygen (200 / C, 1 atm) to form water, then what will the final total volume (in L) be (200 / C, 1 atm)? (A) 0.5. (B) 1.0. (C) 1.5. (D) 2.0. (E) 3.0. 13-[1 0z]. E qual volum es of different gases at the sa me p ressure and the same temp erature will have: (A) the same density. (B) the same mass. (C) the same chemical identity. (D) the same number of molecules. (E) the same molar mass. (F) the sam e speed of the molecules. 14-[10z]. A fixed quantity of gas at 23/ C exhibits a pressure of 740 torr and occupies a volume of 10.3 L. What volume (in L) will the gas occupy if the temperature is increased to 150 / C (and keeps the same pressure)? (A) 14.7. (B) 67.2. (C) 5.10. (D) 27.2. (E) 1.20. (F) 0.23. 15-[10z]. Flask X has 1.0 L of SO2 at 1.2 atm pressure and 25 /C. Flask Y has 2.0 L of SO2 at 1.2 atm pressure and 25 / C. W hich flask has the greater density? (A) theyre both the same. (B) flask X has the greater density. (C) flask Y has the greater density. (D) one cannot predict 16-[10z]. Flask X has 1.0 L of CH 4 at 1.0 atm pressure and 25 /C. Flask Y has 2.0 L of CF 4 at 2.0 atm pressure and 25 / C. W hich flask has the faster moving m olecules? (A ) theyre both the same. (B) flask X ha s the faster molecules. (C) flask Y ha s the faster m olecu les. (D) one canno t pred ict. 17-[10z]. W hat factors influence the speed of molecules in a flask of gas? (A) tem perature, mo lecular mass, and pressure . (B) tempe rature a nd molecu lar mass, but not pressure. (C) temperature , but not molecular mass and not pressu re. (D ) molecular mass and pressure , but not temperature. (E) molecular m ass, but not pressure and not temperature. 18-[10z]. A fixed quantity of gas at 23/C exhibits a pressure of 748 torr and occupies a volume of 10.3 L. What volume will the gas occupy if the temperature is increases to 145 /C while the pressure is held constant? (A) 64.9 L. (B) 1.63 L. (C) 7.29 L. (D) 14.5 L. (E) 335 L. (F) 5.15 L. 19-[10z]. A 1.0-L flask containing neon gas and a 1.0-L flask containing CO 2 gas are at the same temperature and pressure. What is the ratio of the number of moles of neon:number of moles of carbon dioxide gas? (A) 50:50. (B) 40:60. (C) 45:55. (D) 60:40. (E) 55:45. (F) 32:68. (G) 68:32. 20-[10 z]. A 50.0-L flask contains He at 2.00 atm and 298 K . A 1.0-L flask contains N 2 at 4.00 atm and 298 K. W hich gas is more dense? (A) they are the same. (B) the He is more dense. (C) the N 2 is more dense. 21-[10z]. A 8.94 g sample of gas occupies 100 L at 380 torr and 0/C. What might the gas be? (A) CO 2. (B) UF6. (C) SO 3. (D) He. (E) I 2. (F) Br 2. (G) CH 4. (H) N 2. 22-[10 z]. A 5.0-L flask co ntains N 2O 4 gas at 0 /C and 1.0 atm. A 10.0-L flask contains NO 2 gas at 0 /C and 1.0 atm. Which flask has the greater mass?

(A) the N 2O 4 flask. (B) the NO 2 flask. (C) they are both the same. (D) cannot be determined. 23-[1 0z]. A 1-L flask of carb on dioxide is at 0 /C and 1.0 atm. A 1-L flask of helium is at 0 /C and 2.0 atm. The two different gases have the same: (A) speed of the mo lecules. (B) kinetic energ y of the molecules. (C) density. (D) mass. (E ) numbe r of molecules. 24-[10z]. What volume (in liters) does a mole of a gas occupy at STP? (A) you cant determine, it depends upon the identity of the gas. (B) 1. (C) 82.0. (D) 22.4. (E) 760. 25-[1 0z]. T he greatest difference betwe en a ga s and a liquid is that the gas is typically more: (A) dense. (B) able to form mixtures. (C) compressible. (D) opaque. (E) mo lecular. 26-[1 0z]. B oyles La w states tha t the volume o f a samp le of gas increases as: (A) the temp erature increases. (B ) the pressure increases. (C) the temperature decreases. (D) the p ressure decreases. 27-[1 0z]. T he kinetic energy of the m olecu les of a ga s dep end princip ally upo n: (A) the temperature of the gas. (B) the pressure of the gas. (C) the van der Wahls forces of the gas. (D) the volume of the gas. (E) the density of the gas. (F) the molecular m ass of the molecules. 28-[10z]. What is the volume of a sample of helium gas if 6.28 grams at 0.86 atm and at -12/C? (A) 9.76. (B) 7.18 L. (C) 39.0 L. (D) 17.9 L. (E) 4.00 L. (F) 5.40 L. 29-[10z]. A 1.0-L flask contains CO 2 at 2.00 atm and 29 8 K. A 1.0-L flask contains N 2 at 1.00 atm and 298 K. Which gas is more dense? (A) they are the same. (B) the CO 2 is more dense. (C) the N 2 is more dense. (D) cannot be determined. 30-[10z]. A 2.54 g sample of gas occupies 0.875 L at 685 torr and 35/C. What might the gas be? (A) CO 2. (B) UF6. (C) SO 3. (D) He. (E) I 2. (F) Br 2. (G) CH 4. (H) N 2. 31-[10z]. A 2.0-L flask contains CO 2 at 1.0 atm and 273K. A 5-L flask contains He at 1.0 atm and 273 K. In which flask are the gas molecules moving faster? (A) the CO 2 flask. (B) the He flask. (C) they are both the same. (D) cannot be determined. 32-[10z]. A 1.0-L flask contains CO 2 at 1.0 atm and 273 K. A second flask, 1.0-L, contains CO 2 at 2.0 atm and 273 K. In which flask are the gas molecules moving faster? (A) the first flask. (B) the second flask. (C) they are both the same. (D) cannot be determined. 33-[1 0z]. A 2.0-L flask contains C O ga s at 0 /C and 1.0 atm. A second flask, also 2.0 L, contains SO 2 gas at 0 /C and 1.0 atm. Which flask has the greater mass? (A) the CO flask. (B) the SO 2 flask. (C) they are both the same. (D) cannot be determined. 34-[10z]. Boyles law describes the relationship between: (A) P and V. (B) V and T. (C) n and R. (D) T and P. 35-[1 0z]. " Equal volumes of gases at the sam e temp erature and p ressure contain equal numbers o f molecules" is: (A) Boyles law. (B) Charles law. (C) The law of constant volumes. (D) Avogadros law. (E) Moles law. 36-[10z]. A sample of solid calcium carbonate decomposes upon heating to give solid CaO and gaseous CO 2. The CO 2 is collected in a 250-mL flask and has a pressure of 1.3 atm and a temperature of 31 /C. How many grams of CaCO 3 were decomposed? The balanced equation is CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2. (A) 5.72. (B) 1.30. (C) 0.49. (D) 19.34. (E) 67.32. 37-[10z]. An weather balloon has a volume of 6.0 L at sea level (1.0 atm) and 22 /C. T he ba lloon is allowed to ascend to 20,000 feet, where the the pressure is 354 torr. The temperature at 20,000 feet is -21/C. What is the new volume of the balloon at 20,000 feet? (A) 11 L. (B) 17 L. (C) 35 L. (D) 56 L. (E) 124 L.

38-[10z]. What is the density of carbon tetrachloride vapor (g/L) at 0.940 atm and 125 /C? (A) 4.43. (B) 35.5. (C) 10.2. (D) 15.3. (E) 21.7. 39-[1 0z]. If yo u double the volume o f a contained gas, kee ping the temperature the sam e, the pressure will: (A) double. (B) halve. (C) stay the same. (D) quadruple. 40-[10z]. The planet Schmooz has an atmosphere composed of 1.5 mole percent CO 2, 18.0 mole percent O 2, and 80.5 mole percent Ar. At sea level of Schmooz the pressure is 760 torr, just like on earth. What is the partial pressure of O 2? (A) 137 torr. (B) 79 torr. (C) 18 torr. (D) 237 torr. 41-[10z]. How many molecules are there in a 1-liter flask of CO2 at 2 atm and 0 /C? (A) 2.15x10 23. (B) 4.30x1023. (C) 5.38x1022. (D) 2.69x1022. (E) 1.08x1023. 42-[10z]. Take a 1.0-L container of air at 25/C. compress it to 0.5-L, while keeping the temperature the same. What has happened to the average speed of the molecules, before and after this operation? (A) they speed up. (B) they slow down. (C) their speed remains the same. 43-[10z]. What has the greatest pressure? (A) 1-L container with 2.0 moles of CO 2 at 1 atm. (B) 1-L container of 4.0 moles of CH 4 at 2 atm . (C) 1-L con tainer of 2.0 moles of O 2 at 1 atm . 44-[10z]. What diffuses most rapidly from a pinhole? (A) H 2 at 100/C. (B) H 2 at 200/C. (C) He at 200/C. (D) Theyre all the same. 45-[10z]. Which of the following is a natural outgrowth (that is, could be derived) from the ideal gas equation, PV = nRT ? (A) A vogad ros law. (B) H esss law. (C) M endeleevs Periodic T able. (D) ionic configurations. (E) p hase diagrams. 46-[10z]. How many molecules are there in a 2-liter flask of He at 2 atm and 0 /C? (A) 2.15x10 23. (B) 4.30x1023. (C) 5.38x1022. (D) 2.69x1022. (E) 1.08x1023. 47-[10z]. What is the density of helium (g/L) at 100 torr and 0/ C? (A) 4.43. (B) 0.023. (C) 1.02. (D) 15.3. (E) 4 x 10 -4. 48-[10z]. A bubble of gas of 1.00 liter released by a Scuba diver on the ocean floor at 100 ft (4.3 atm pressure) rises to the surface o f the oce an (sea level, of course ) now has a vo lume o f how m any liters? (assum e no change in temperature): (A) 4.3. (B) 0.23. (C) 3.3. (D) 2.3. (E) 1.3. 49-[1 0z]. W hat is the partial pre ssure o f oxygen (in atmospheres) brea thed b y a Scuba diver at 100 ft? (4.3 atm pressure; assume normal atmospheric composition)? (A) 0.22 (B) 0.86. (C) 2.56. (D) 5.8. (E) 8.6. 50-[10z]. Let the air out of a bicycle tire (inflated to 60 psi) into the atmosphere (15 psi). By adiabatic expansion, the air cools from 30 /C to 10/C. (thus, the process is: compressed, warm air expanded, cool air). What has happened to the average speed of the molecules, before and after this operation? (A) they speed up. (B) they slow down. (C) their speed remains the same. 51-[10z]. In the oxidation of methane to give carbon dioxide and water, how many liters at STP of carbon dioxide are produced from 0.32 grams of methane? (A) 0.089. (B) 0.45. (C) 1.29. (D) 0.015. (E) 2.4 x 10-4. 52-[10z]. Consider two closed containers. Container 1 contains 2.0 liters N 2 at 2.0 atm pressure and 20 / C. Container 2 contains 1.0 liter of CH4 at 4.0 atm pressure and 20 / C. Which container contains the greater number of molecules? (A) Container 1 . (B) Container 2 . (C) They are the same. (D) There is no way to determine. 53-[10z]. Consider two closed containers. Container 1 contains 4.0 liters CO 2 at 2.0 atm pressure and 40 / C. Container 2 contains 2.0 liters of N 2 at 4.0 atm pressure and 40 / C. Which container contains the greater number of molecules? (A) Container 1 . (B) Container 2 . (C) They are the same. (D) There is no way to determine.

54-[10z]. Consider two closed containers. Container 1 contains 2.0 liters N 2 at 2.0 atm pressure and 20 / C. Container 2 contains 1.0 liter of CH4 at 4.0 atm pressure and 20 / C. Which container contains the greater mass? (A) Container 1 . (B) Container 2 . (C) They are the same. (D) There is no way to determine. 55-[10z]. Consider two closed containers. Container 1 contains 4.0 liters CO 2 at 2.0 atm pressure and 40 / C. Container 2 contains 2.0 liters of N 2 at 4.0 atm pressure and 40 / C. Which container contains the greater mass? (A) Container 1 . (B) Container 2 . (C) They are the same. (D) There is no way to determine. 56-[10z]. Consider two closed containers. Container 1 contains 2.0 liters N 2 at 2.0 atm pressure and 20 / C. Container 2 contains 1.0 liter of CH4 at 4.0 atm pressure and 20 / C. Which container contains the greater density? (A) Container 1 . (B) Container 2 . (C) They are the same. (D) There is no way to determine. 57-[10z]. Consider two closed containers. Container 1 contains 4.0 liters CO 2 at 2.0 atm pressure and 40 / C. Container 2 contains 2.0 liters of N 2 at 4.0 atm pressure and 40 / C. Which container contains the greater density? (A) Container 1 . (B) Container 2 . (C) They are the same. (D) There is no way to determine. 58-[10z]. Consider two closed containers. Container 1 contains 2.0 liters N 2 at 2.0 atm pressure and 20 / C. Container 2 contains 1.0 liter of CH4 at 4.0 atm pressure and 20 / C. Which container has molecules with greater speed? (A) Container 1 . (B) Container 2 . (C) They are the same. (D) There is no way to determine. 59-[10z]. Consider two closed containers. Container 1 contains 4.0 liters CO 2 at 2.0 atm pressure and 40 / C. Container 2 contains 2.0 liters of N 2 at 4.0 atm pressure and 40 / C. Which container has molecules with greater speed? (A) Co ntainer 1 . (B) Container 2 . (C) They are the same. (D) There is no way to determine. 60-[1 0z]. C harles Law states that the vo lume o f a samp le of gas increases as: (A) the temp erature increases. (B ) the pressure increases. (C) the temperature decreases. (D) the p ressure decreases. 61-[1 0z]. C harles law describes the relationship between: (A) P and V. (B) V and T. (C) n and R. (D) T and P. 62-[1 0z]. S ome substances can oc cur in the gaseo us state below their bo iling temp erature , where they are know n as: (A) condensates. (B ) vapors. (C ) sublimates. (D) p ascals. (E) hypo baric gases. 63-[10z]. In the kinetic-molecular theory, several assumptions are made regarding the nature of gases. Which below is one of these assumptions stated incorrectly? (A) molecules are in continuous chaotic motion. (B) the volume of gas molecules is negligible compared to the volume of their container. (C) their collisions are elastic. (D) the average kinetic energy o f the gas m olecu les is pro portional to the absolute tempe rature. (E ) all molecules of a gas samp le have the sam e kinetic energy at any give n instant. 101 -[10z]. W hat is not true about the stratosphere? (A) As you ascend (rise) through the stratosphere, the temperature increases. (B ) As you ascend (rise) through the stra tosphere, the pressu re incre ases. (C ) The critically important ozone layer is in the stratosphere. (D) The stratosphere is the region immediately above the troposphere. (E) Most of the weather (rain, snow, hail, thunderstorms) occurs below the stratosphere. 102-[10z]. What gas is present in the atmosphere to the extent of about 1%? (A) nitrogen. (B) oxygen. (C) carbon dioxide. (D) carbon mono xide. (E) argon. 103 -[10z ]. Acid rain is cau sed b y: (A) carb on dioxide. (B) ca rbon m onoxid e. (C) sulfur pollutants. (D) o zone. (E ) methane. (F) freo ns. 104 -[10z ]. W hat is the m ost common ca tion in the earths oceans? T he cation of: (A) K . (B) C a. (C) Mg. (D) Na. (E) Fe. (F) Li. (G) T i.

105-[10z]. What are the two most common ions in the ocean? (A) Fe+3 and Fe+2. (B ) M g +2 and SO 4-2. (C) Na +1 and Cl-1. (D) K +1 and NO 3-1. (E) Ca+2 and CO3-2. (F) Li+1 and F-1. 106 -[10z ]. Pollutant gase s generated in the trop osphere find their way into the stratosphere: (A) very slowly. (B) immediately. (C) never. 107-[10z]. What gas is present in the atmosphere to the extent of about 360 ppm? (A) nitrogen. (B) oxygen. (C) carbon dioxide. (D) carbon monoxide. (E) argon. 108-[10z]. What is the most common inert gas (Group VIII) in the atmosphere? (A) helium. (B) neon. (C) argon. (D) krypton. (E) xenon. (F) radon. 109-[10z]. Atomic oxygen is formed in the outer regions of the atmosphere by a process known as (A) equilibrium. (B) photodissociation. (C) photoprecipitation. (D) condensation. (E) aurora phenomena. (F) catalytic conversion. 110 -[10z]. W hat is not true ab out ozone? (A ) Ozone created in the tro posphere is a po llutant. (B ) ozo ne created in the stratosphere is beneficial to mankind. (C) ozone absorbs ultraviolet light. (D) the formula for ozone is O3. (E) the highest rate of ozone formation occurs in a band at an altitude at about 50 km. (F) the strongest and most important wavelength of solar absorption by ozone is at about 600 nm (the red region) of the spectrum. 111-[10z]. What depletes the ozone from the stratosphere? (A) CFCs. (B) water moisture. (C) argon. (D) atomic nitrogen. (E) carbon monoxide. (F) carbon dioxide. 112-[10z].Which of the following is the least common in the earths atmosphere? (A) oxygen. (B) nitrogen. (C) argon. (D) methane. (E) carbon dioxide. 113 -[10z]. W hat does not bind to the iron atom in hemoglobin? (A) oxygen. (B) nitrogen. (C) carbon monoxide. (D) cyanide. 114 -[10z ]. Pho toche mical smog is caused by: (A) carbon dioxide. (B) carbon monoxide. (C) nitrogen oxides. (D) freons. (E) argon. (F) helium. 115 -[10z ]. The greenhouse effect is caused mostly by: (A) oxygen. (B) carbon dioxide. (C) argon. (D) nitrogen. (E) ozone. (F) krypton. 116-[10z]. The greenhouse effect is caused by certain molecules in the atmosphere: (A) absorbing infrared radiation which radiates from the earth, preventing the radiation from leaving the atmosphere of the earth. (B) absorbing infrared radiation which radiates from the sun, blocking the radiation from entering the atmosphere of the earth. (C) photodissociating into atomic oxygen and nitrogen. (D) condensing water moisture in the stratosphere. (E) ionizing inert gases in the stratosphere. 117 -[10z].W hat is not included in the 10 most common ions in the oceans atmosphere? (A) calcium. (B) magnesium. (C) sulfate. (D) chloride. (E) cesium. 118-[10z]. Reverse osmosis is used mostly to: (A) soften hard water. (B) desalinate ocean water. (C) remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (D) remove freons from the atmosphere. (E) remove sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere. (F) remove nitrogen oxide from the atmosphere. 119-[10z]. What cation is responsible for hard water? (A) zinc. (B) iron. (C) calcium. (D) sulfate. (E) potassium. (F) chloride. 120 -[10z]. W hat is the primary basis for the division o f the atmosphere into different regions? (A ) pressure pro files. (B) temperature p rofiles. (C) pollutant profiles. (D) ionic profiles. (E) ozone pro files. (F) inert gas profiles. 121 -[10z ]. W hat do es the "F" stand for in CFC? (A) frigid . (B) fluo ro. (C ) free. (D ) fatal. (E) fat.

122-[10z]. W hat photodissociates the most easily? (A) nitrogen. (B) oxygen. (C) argon. 123-[10z] What is the main source of sulfur oxides in the atmosphere? (A) burning coal. (B) burning natural gas. (C) the Gulf Stream. (D) the solar wind. (E) aurora borealis. (F) bovine flatulence. ****************************************************************************** CH AP TE R 11 - Liquids, Solids, and M aterials 01-[11z] W hat does not dissolve in gasoline? (A) C 4H 10. (B) CCl4. (C) CH 3OH . (D) io nic salt. (E ) oil. 02-[11z] Which intermolecular force is the greatest? (A) dipole-dipole forces. (B) London dispersion forces. (C) B-bond in O 2. 03-[11z]. Which has the highest boiling point? (A) CH 4. (B) S iH 4. (C) H 2O. (D) H 2S. (E) H 2Se. 04-[11 z]. W hich is not a result of hydrogen bonding in water? (A) expansion o f water while freezing. (B ) surface tension. (C) ab norm ally high boiling point. (D ) higher viscosity than gasoline. (E) higher vapor pressure than normal. (F) higher heat of fusion than normal. (G) higher heat of vaporization than norm al. (H) greater specific heat than normal. 05-[1 1z]. A s the temperature of a liquid inc reases, the vap or pressure : (A) increases. (B) decreases. (C) stays the same. 06-[1 1z]. T he temperature at wh ich the vapo r pressure of a liquid is the same as the su rroun ding p ressure is: (A) the boiling point. (B) the partial p ressure . (C) the critical tem perature. (D ) the triple point. (E) the fluid temperature. 07-[1 1z]. T he reason that dry ice sublimes instead of melting (in a no rmal lab orato ry or classroo m) is: (A) the vapor pressure is above 1 atm. (B) the critical pressure is above 1 atm. (C) the triple point is above 1 atm. (D) the molar mass of dry ice is greater than the molar mass of air. (E) the dry ice has no water. 08-[11z]. Look at the phase diagram for water. As you move from 2 atm and 100 / C, to 2 atm and 0 / C, what phase changes do you see? (A) stays a solid. (B) stays a liquid. (C) stays a gas. (D) g ls . (E) ls . (F) g s . (G) lg . (H) g l. (I) s g . (J) s l. (K) s lg . 09-[1 1z]. A samp le of H 2O at 0 / C and 0.5 atm will be: (A) equilibrium between solid and liquid. (B) a liquid. (C) a solid. 10-[1 1z]. A s you sq ueeze snow in your glove d hands, you: (A) increase the melting point. (B) decrease the melting point. (C) keep the melting point the same. 11-[11z]. Which one is incorrect? (A) the heat of fusion is lower than the heat of vaporization for a substance. (B) you can liquify any substance at room temperature by merely increasing the pressure enough. (C) freezing water is an exothermic process. (D) the solubility of a gas in water increases with increasing pressure. (E) at the triple point of a substance, three phases of the substance are in equilibrium. (F) the vapor pressure of a liquid measures the tendency of the liquid to evaporate. (G) since ethyl alcohol boils at a lower temperature than does water, then ethyl alcohol has a higher vapor pressure than does water. (H) the formation of a meniscus at the surface of a liquid is due to surface tension. 12-[11z]. Which does not have hydrogen-bonding? (A) CH 4. (B) H 2O. (C) HF. (D) NH 3. 13-[11z]. At what conditions are water and carbon dioxide the same phase as each other (that is, both are solid; or both are liquid; or both are gas)?

(A) 1 / C and 1 atm. (B) -100 /C and 1 atm. (C) 100 /C and 5 atm. (D) 30 /C and 2 atm. (E) 0 /C and 5 atm. 14-[11z]. Which will dissolve in water? (A) CCl4. (B) CH 3OH. (C) CH 4. (D) oil. (E) C8H 18. (F) butane. 15-[1 1z]. A s the temperature of a liquid inc reases, the vap or pressure : (A) increases. (B) decreases. (C) stays the same. 16-[1 1z]. T he reason that dry ice sublimes instead of melting (in a no rmal lab orato ry or classroo m) is: (A) the vapor pressure is above 1 atm. (B) the critical pressure is below 1 atm. (C) the triple point is above 1 atm. (D) the molar mass of dry ice is greater than the molar mass of air. (E) the dry ice has no water. 17-[1 1z]. A s you sq ueeze snow in your glove d hands, you: (A) cause the ice to combust. (B) neutralize the acid content. (C) increase the melting point. (D) decrease the melting point. (E) cause the snow to sublime faster. (F) reduce the atmospheric pressure. 18-[11z]. The critical temperature for air is about 130 /K for air. Thus, at room tempe rature: (A) we can liquify air by pressurizing enough. (B) the three phases of air are in equilibrium with each other. (C) we cannot liquify air no ma tter how hard we pressurize. (D) we can solidify air by pressuring in the presence of a magnetic field. (E) the surface tension of air is strong. (F) the viscosity of air is high. (G) the pressure of the air can never be atmospheric pressure. 19-[11z]. As a sample of carbon dioxide passes from -100/C to +100 /C at 1.00 atm, the following phase changes are seen: (A) solid liquid gas; (B) gas liquid solid; (C) solid gas; (D) liquid gas. (E) gas liquid; (F) liquid gas; (G) gas solid; (H) solid gas. (I) gas solid liquid; (J) solid gas liquid; (J) liquid gas solid. (L) liquid solid gas. 20-[1 1z]. A s a sample of water passes fro m 0.0 01 atm to 200 atm, all at 0 /C, the fo llowing phase changes are seen: (A) solid liquid gas; (B) gas liquid solid; (C) solid gas; (D) liquid gas. (E) gas liquid; (F) liquid gas; (G) gas solid; (H) solid gas. (I) gas solid liquid; (J) solid gas liquid; (J) liquid gas solid. (L) liquid solid gas. 21-[1 1z]. C arbo n dioxide canno t exist in the liquid phase at: (A) -50 /C. (B) 1 atm pressure. (C) 10 atm pressure. (D) 0 / C. 22-[1 1z]. C arbo n tetrachloride would dissolve m ost readily in: (A) water. (B ) octane. (C) syrup. (D ) salt. 23-[11z]. Diethyl ether boils at 35/C and ethyl alcohol boils at 78/C. T herefo re, (A) at all temperatures diethyl ether has a higher vapor pressure. (B) at all temperatures diethyl ether has a lower vapor pressure. (C) diethyl ether has a lower vapor pressure at low temperature but a higher vapor pressure at higher temperature. (D) diethyl ether has a higher vapor pressure at low temperature but a lower vapor pressure at higher temperature. 24-[1 1z]. D irect co nversio n of liquid to the solid is ca lled: (A) vaporization. (B) condensation. (C) melting. (D) freezing. (E) sublimation. (F) deposition. 25-[1 1z]. D irect co nversio n of solid to the gas state is called: (A) vaporization. (B) condensation. (C) melting. (D) freezing. (E) sublimation. (F) deposition. 26-[11z]. Octane would dissolve in: (A) water. (B) molten NaCl. (C) hexane. 27-[11z]. Since CO 2 (at 1 atm) cannot exist in the liquid phase, therefore we know that we are:

(A) b elow the triple p oint. (B ) abo ve the trip le point. (C) above the critical point. (D) at the critica l point. 28-[1 1z]. S ince dry ice sub limes and do esnt melt at atmospheric pressure, this m eans tha t: (A) the critical point is below 1 atm. (B ) there is no critical point. (C ) the triple point is below 1 atm. (D) the triple point is above 1 atm. (E) carbon dioxide cannot exist in the liquid state. 29-[11z]. Since methane is a gas at room temperature and gasoline is a liquid at room temperature, then we can safely conclude that the vapor pressure of methane is greater than the vapor pressure of gasoline at -40/. (A) TRUE OR (B) FALSE. 30-[11z]. Salt is most soluble in: (A) octane. (B) ethyl alcohol. (C) carbon tetrachloride. (D) antifreeze. (E) H 2O. 31-[11z]. The meniscus of water is due to: (A) surface tension. (B) viscosity. (C) heat of fusion. (D) heat of vaporization. (E) condensation. (F) melting. (G) vaporization. 32-[1 1z]. T here is no difference betwe en a ga s and a liquid above: (A) the triple point. (B) the critical point. (C) the freezing point. (D) the melting-point line. (E) 273 /C. 33-[1 1z]. W hat do you have to d o to a samp le of ice at -5 /C and 1 atm pressure to melt it? (A) keep the temperature the same and increase pressure to 2 atm. (B ) keep the tem perature the sam e and decrease pressure to 0.5 atm. (C) keep the pressure the same and cool to -10 /C. 34-[11 z]. W hat is not a consequence of hydrogen bonding in water? (A) higher surface tension than normal. (B ) higher molecular m ass than norm al. (C) high enthalpy of vapo rization. (D) higher viscosity than normal. (E ) higher boiling point than normal. 35-[11 z]. W hat is not true concerning water? (A) it has a higher surface tension than butane. (B) it has a higher boiling point than butane. (C) it has a higher vapor pressure than butane. (D) it expands when it freezes. (E) it has a higher )H vap than butane. 36-[11z]. What is the phase of carbon dioxide at 3 atm pressure and -50/C? (A ) solid. (B) liquid. (C ) gas. 37-[11z]. What is true about water? (A) it has a lower surface tension than butane. (B) it has a lower boiling point than butane. (C) it has a lower vapor pressure than butane. (D) it contracts when it freezes. (E) it has a lower )H vap than butane. 38-[11z]. What takes more heat? (A) va porizing 1.0 gram of water. (B ) melting 1.0 gram o f ice. (C) heating 1.0 gram b y 1.0 /C. 39-[1 1z]. W hat will not freeze a sample of water at 273/K and 1 atm pressure? (A) lower the temperature while keeping the pressure the same. (B) keep the temperature the same and raise the pressure. (C) keep the temperature the same and lower the pressure. (D) lower both the temperature and the pressure. 40-[11z]. W hat would have the highest melting point? (A) He. (B) H 2O. (C) NH 3. (D) CH 4. 41-[11z]. Which is not a property of water? (A) expands when it melts. (B) has a large )H fus. (C) has a large )H vap. (D) has hydro gen bonding. (E) is mo re dense in the liquid state than in the solid state. (F) is a nonlinear molecule. (G) has a higher viscosity than gasoline. (H) has a higher surface tension than gasoline. 42-[11z]. Which melts at a higher temperature? (A) Ice at 1 atm. (B) ice at 0.5 atm. (C) ice at 2 atm. 43-[11z]. W hich of the following are not properties resulting fro m hydrogen bonding:

(A) high surface tension. (B) high boiling point. (C) high specific heat. (D) high vapor pressure. (E) high heat of vaporization. 44-[11z]. For the heating curve of water, why is the plot is horizontal while ice is melting? (A) T here is no flow of heat into the sample of H 2O. (B) M elting is an endothermic process and the heat added to the sample is used to convert ice to water. (C) Melting is an exothermic process and the heat is rejected. (D) For water )H fus = 0. (E) For water )H fus is greater than )H vap. 45-[11z]. Which is correct? (A) The meniscus of water in a glass tube is U-shaped, while the meniscus of mercury in a glass tube bends downward. (B) The meniscus of mercury in a glass tube is U-shaped, while the meniscus of water in a glass tube bends do wnward. (C ) The meniscus o f both w ater and me rcury in a glass tube is U-shaped. (D ) The meniscus o f both water and mercury in a glass tube bends downward. 46-[1 1z]. W hich is incorrect? A solid: (A) retains its own shape and volume. (B) is very compressible. (C) flows very slowly if at all. (D) diffuses very slowly if at all. (E) has its atoms held in rigid lattices. 47-[1 1z]. W hich is incorrect? A liquid: (A) assumes the shape of its container. (B ) does not expand to fill its container. (C) flows readily. (D) is virtually incomp ressible. (E) has no intermolecular forces. 48-[1 1z]. W hich is incorrect? A gas: (A) assumes the volume o f its container. (B ) assum es the shape of its container. (C ) flows readily. (D ) is com pressible. (E ) diffuses very slowly if at all. 100-[11z]. A solution that has 4 milligrams of ferric ion in 100 mL of water is what concentration in ppm? (A) 4000. (B) 40. (C) 0.04. (D) 400. (E) 0.4. (F) 4. (G) 0.004.

****************************************************************************** CHA PT ER 13 - Chemical Kinetics: Rates of Reactions 01-[13z]. Review the data below for the catalytic cracking of cyclohexane at 500 / C. W hat is the order of the reaction? (A) one-half order. (B) first order. (C) second order. (D) zero o rder. Concen. Time, of cyclohexane sec 1.000 M 0 0.80 M 100 0.60 M 200 0.20 M 400 02-[13z]. What is the half-life, in years, of a pesticide malathion if it is found that 95% of it disappears after 10 years? (A) 0.83. (B) 5.0. (C) 10.0. (D) 1.2. (E) 0.43. (F) 2.3. (G) 3.0. 03-[1 3z]. T he gas-phase reactio n, Cl( g ) + HB r( g ) HC l( g ) + Br( g ), has an overall enthalpy change of -66 kJ. The activation energy for the reaction is 7 kJ. What is the activation energy (in kJ) of the reverse reaction? (A) 6 6. (B ) 7. (C) 73. (D) 5 9. (E) zero . (F) cannot b e determined. 04-[1 3z]. A catalyst func tions by: (A) decreasing the )H of the reaction. (B) increasing the )H of the reaction. (C) decreasing the Ea of the reaction. (D) increasing the Ea of the reaction. (E) converting the reaction from endothermic to exothermic. 05-[13z]. A catalyst cannot :

(A) change the mechanism of a reaction. (B) change the rate of a reaction. (C) change the )H of a reaction. (D) change the E a of a reaction. 06-[1 3z]. W hat elem ent is the best catalyst for the H aber process, for a catalytic c onve rter, and for catalytic hydrogenation? (A) rubidium. (B) platinum. (C) calcium. (D) copper. (E) lithium. 07-[13 z]. The ra te constant k of a reaction will generally change, as we cha nge all of the following variables except one . Which is it? (A) change the concentrations of the reactants. (B) change the activation energy. (C) change the temperature. (D) change the catalyst. 08-[13z]. 50. Review the data below for the reaction X + Y Z. Initial conc. Initial conc. Initial of X of Y rate 0.0100 0.0100 5.0 0.0100 0.0400 20.0 0.0400 0.0100 5.0 For X, the reaction must be (A) first order. (B) second order. (C) zero order. 09-[13z]. 50. Review the data below for the reaction X + Y Z. Initial conc. Initial conc. Initial of X of Y rate 0.0100 0.0100 5.0 0.0100 0.0400 20.0 0.0400 0.0100 5.0 For Y, the reaction must be (A) first order. (B) second order. (C) zero order. 10-[13z]. Consider the following reaction: 2Al + 3Br2 2AlBr 3. Once we have balanced the equation, we then know that the order of this reaction with respect to aluminum: (A) must be zero order. (B) must be first order. (C) must be second order. (D) cannot be known until laboratory experiments are conducted. 11-[13z]. Review the data below for the reaction X + Y Z. Initial conc. Initial conc. Initial of X of Y rate 0.0200 0.0200 7.50 0.0200 0.0400 7.50 0.0400 0.0200 30.00 For X, the reaction must be (A) zero order. (B) first order. (C) second order. 12-[13z]. Review the data below for the reaction X + Y Z. Initial conc. Initial conc. Initial of X of Y rate 0.0200 0.0200 7.50 0.0200 0.0400 7.50 0.0400 0.0200 30.00 For Y, the reaction must be (A) zero order. (B) first order. (C) second order. 13-[13z]. Review the data below for the biochemical decomposition of tryptophane in the blood at 37/C. Concen. Time, of tryptophane sec 120 ppm 0 80 ppm 1000 60 ppm 1710 40 ppm 2710 30 ppm 3420

W hat is the order of the reaction? (A) zero order. (B) one-half order. (C) first order. (D) second orde r. 14-[13z]. Predict an element in the second row o f transition m etals of the perio dic tab le (i.e., the ro w starting w ith rubid ium) that would serve as a goo d cata lyst for catalytic hydro genation. (A) Zr. (B) Nb. (C) Mo. (D) Pd. (E) Ag. (F) Cd. 15-[1 3z]. T he two types of catalysts are : (A) he terogeneo us and homogeneous. (B) first order and second order. (C) primary and secondary. 16-[1 3z]. Increasing the activation energy of a reaction will: (A) slow down the reaction. (B) speed up the reaction. (C) have no effect on the rate of the reaction. 17-[1 3z]. T he rate constant k of a reactio n chan ges as the temp erature of the reaction varies. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 18-[1 3z]. T he activation energy o f a reaction changes as the tem perature of the reactio n varies. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 19-[13z]. Consider the reaction X Z, where the rate is observed as Rate = k[X], that is, the reaction is one-half order. Which plot below would be linear? (A) [X] vs time with the slope = k. (B) ln(X) vs time with slope = k. (C) ln(Rate) vs ln(X) with the slope = . (D) 1/(Rate) vs 1/[X] with the slope = k. 20-[13 z]. W hich is not true about an enzyme? (A) it is a protein. (B) it is a catalyst. (C) it occurs in both plants and animals. (D) it makes a reaction go by changing it from endothermic to exothermic. 21-[13z]. The rate of a reaction can typically be increased by increasing the concentrations of the reactants. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 22-[13 z]. The ra te constant of a reaction can typically be increased by increasing the concentrations o f the reactants. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 23-[13z]. The rate of a reaction can typically be increased by increasing the Ea of the reaction. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 24-[13z]. The rate of a reaction can typically be increased by increasing the surface area of a solid reactant or catalyst. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 25-[13z]. The rate of a reaction can typically be increased by increasing the )H o f the reaction. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 26-[13z]. The rate of a reaction can typically be increased by increasing the temperature. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 27-[13z]. An automobile catalytic converter converts carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 28-[1 3z]. A n automob ile catalytic conve rter converts unburned fuel to carbon dioxide and wa ter. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 29-[13z]. An automobile catalytic converter converts water to hydrogen and oxygen. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 30-[1 3z]. A n automob ile catalytic conve rter converts nitrogen oxides to nitro gen an d oxygen. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? 31-[13z]. For the reaction A B, a plot of the reciprocal of [A] vs time is linear. The reaction is: (A) zero order. (B) first order. (C) second order. (D) need more data to determine.

32-[13z]. For the reaction A B, a plot of the logarithm of [A] vs time is linear. The reaction is: (A) zero order. (B) first order. (C) second order. (D) need more data to determine. 33-[13z]. For the reaction A B, a p lot of [A ] vs time is linear. The reaction is: (A) zero order. (B) first order. (C) second order. (D) need more data to determine. 34-[13z]. W hat is the half-life, in years, of the pesticide DD T if it is found that 80% of DD T remains after 5 years (20 /C, Lake Wishiwanqua)? (A) 5.0. (B) 8.9. (C) 10.2. (D) 15.5. (E) 18.9. (F) 23.4. 35-[13z]. It is found that 500 mg of chymopopsin spontaneously decomposes in a first-order reaction to give 335 mg of chymopopsin in 2000 sec. Calculate the rate constant k (in sec-1). (A) 1.00 x 10 -3. (B) 2.0 x 10-3. (C) 4.0 x 10-3. (D) 8.0 x 10-3. (E) 1.0 x 10-4. (F) 2.0 x 10 -4. 36-[1 3z]. T o determine the activation energy o f a reaction, you could : (A) plot ln[A]0 vs ln [A]t . (B) determine k at various temperatures and plot ln(k) vs the reciprocal of the temperature. (C) plot the half-life of the reaction vs the reciprocal of the concentration. (D) multiply the order of the reaction by the concentration of the reactants. (E) plot concentration vs temperature. 37-[13z]. If you increase the temperature of a reaction from 50 /C to 75/C, it is likely that the rate constant k will: (A) double. (B) halve. (C) increase by a factor of about 10. (D) increase by a factor of about 1000. (E) stay the same. 38-[13z]. Look below for data for the decomposition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide 2H 2O 2 2H 2O + O 2, at 20 /C. What is the order of the reaction? (A) cannot be determined. (B) varies upon the temperature. (C) zero. (D) first. (E) second. Tim e, min [H 2O 2] Tim e, min [H 2O 2] 0 0.020 800 0.0086 200 0.0160 1000 0.0069 400 0.0131 1200 0.00535 600 0.0106 1600 0.0037 39-[13z]. Look below for data for the reaction of 2A + B C + D. What is the rate expression? (A) Rate = [A] 2[B]. (B) Rate = k[A][B]. (C) Rate = k[B]2. (D) Rate = k[A]. (E) Rate = k[A][B]2. Initial Concentration [B] Initial rate (mol/L-s) 0.05 6.0 x 10 -3 1.2 x 10 -2 1.8 x 10 -2 1.1 x 10 -1

[A] 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.15

40-[13z]. The decomposition of NOBr is second order, with a rate constant k = 25 L/mol-s at 20 /C. If the initial concentrationof NO Br is 0 .025 M, find the time (in sec) at which the concentration will be 0.0 10 M . (A) 25. (B) 15.6. (C) 67. (D) 37. (E) 2.4. 41-[1 3z]. P opc orn kernels p op according to a first-ord er rate w hereb y 6 kernels po p in 5 seconds when 150 kernels are present. What is the half-life of the kernels, that is, how many seconds will it take for 75 kernels to pop, starting with 150? (A) 85. (B) 80. (C) 75. (D) 70. (E) 65. 42-[1 3z]. T he rate constant for the deco mpo sition of p olystyrene trash in a dump is first ord er and is k = 0.7 yr -1. How long will it take (in years) for a 100 g sample to decompose to 1 g? (A) 2.8. (B) 6.6. (C) 12. (D) 44. (E) 1.0. 43-[13z]. Consider the enzyme insulin, which catalyzes the reversible reaction sugar starch. W hat is the purpose of this enzyme? (A) decrease )H for the reaction. (B) increase the temperature. (C) increase both k f (forward rate

constant) and kr (reverse rate constant) for the reaction. (D) increase Ea for the reverse reaction. (E) increase E a for the forward reaction. (F) change K eq for the reaction. 44-[13 z]. Consider the catalytic converter on an autom obile, which co nverts pollutants to harm less comp ounds. W hich is co rrect? (A) the catalyst makes the reactio n faster by decreasing the quantity of heat )H evolved. (B) an ideal catalytic converter experiences a rapid destruction of platinum during the reaction. (C) the purpose of the catalyst is to conve rt N 2 to nitrogen oxides. (D) the catalyst makes the reaction faster by increasing the rate constant k. (E) the purpose of the catalytic converter is to convert carbon monoxide into octane. 45-[13z]. The decomposition of ozone O 3 (O 3 O 2) shows that a plot of ln[O 3] vs time is linear. We can conclude that the reaction: (A) may be second order. (B) must be second order. (C) may be zero order. (D) may be zero order. (E) must be first order. 46-[13 z]. W hich is not affected by a change of E a of a reaction? (A) rate of reaction. (B) the exponential term of the Arhennius equation. (C) rate constant k of the reaction. (D) mechanism of the reaction. (E) )H of a reaction. 47-[13z]. The decomposition of ethyl iodide is a first-order processes where the rate constant k = 5.0x10 -3 s -1. What is the half life of the reaction? (A) 139 sec. (B) 2.5 x 103 sec. (C) 500 sec. (D) 342 sec. (E) 49 sec. 48-[1 3z]. T he rate expression, Rate = k (with no expression of the co ncentration o f the reactant), applies for: (A) ga s reactions only. (B) second order reactio ns. (C) first order reactions. (D ) zero order reactions. (E ) only reactions exp ressed in minutes. 49-[13z]. After two half-lives (of a first-order reaction), where we started with 100 grams, how much material will be left? (A) 99 grams. (B) 50 grams. (C) 75 grams. (D ) 67 grams. (E) 2 5 grams. 50-[13z]. The radioactive decay of uranium-238 is (A) a zero-order process. (B) a second-order process. (C) a process that occurs mo re rapidly at low temp eratures. (D) a b imolecular process. (E) a first-order process. 51-[1 3z]. A reactio n which may occur in air polluted 2 NO(g ) + O 2( g ) 2 NO(g ) The following data is found: Exp t 1 Initial conc. [NO] 1 0.001 2 0.001 3 0.001 4 0.002 5 0.003 W hich is co rrect? The reac tion is (A) 1st order in [NO] and 1st order in [O 2]. (B) 2nd ord er in [NO] and 1st order in [O 2]. (C) 1st order in [NO] and 2nd order in [O 2]. (D) 2nd ord er in [NO] and 2nd order in [O 2]. (E) 0 order in [NO ] and 2nd order in [O 2]. (F) 2nd order in [NO ] and 0 order in [O 2]. 52-[13z]. For the following reaction at 1000 /C, CO + O 2 CO2 The following data is found: Exp t 1 Initial conc. [CO] 1 0.001 2 0.001 3 0.001 with nitroge n oxid e is

Initial conc. [O 2] Rate of reaction 0.001 7x10 -6 0.002 1.4x10-5 0.003 2.1x10-5 0.003 8.4x10-5 0.003 1.89x10-4

Initial conc. [O 2] Rate of reaction 0.001 7x10 -6 0.002 1.4x10-5 0.003 2.1x10-5

0.004

0.003

8.4x10-5

W hich is co rrect? The reac tion is (A) 1st order in [CO] and 1st order in [O 2]. (B) 2nd ord er in [CO] and 1st order in [O 2]. (C) 1st order in [CO] and 2nd o rder in [O 2]. (D) 2nd ord er in [CO] and 2nd o rder in [O 2]. (E) 0 order in [CO] and 2nd order in [O 2]. (F) 2nd order in [CO] and 0 order in [O 2]. 53-[13z]. Calculate the age of a piece of wood whose carbon-14 count is 35/min, compared with a fresh piece of woo d the same size who se count is 12 5/min. (The half-life of C -14 is 5715 years). G ive the answer in years. (A) 5700. (B) 10500. (C) 20300. (D) 1600. (E) 3200. 54-[13z]. The dec omposition of HI( g ) to give H 2( g ) and I2( g ) is 2nd order with a rate constant k equal to 30 M -1 min 1 at 443/ C. How long do es it take for a concentration of 0.010 M of HI ( g ) to drop to half its value at 443 /C? (A) 3.33 min. (B) 1.57 min. (C) 30 m in. (D) 900 min. (E) 9.00 min. (F) 230 min. 55-[1 3z]. T he de com position of N 2O 5 (to give NO 2 and O 2) is a first-order processes where the rate constant k = 5.0x10-4 s -1. What is the half life of the reaction? (A) 0.0005 sec. (B) 2.5 x 10 -4 sec. (C) 1400 sec. (D) 2500 sec. (E) 840 sec. (F) 11.2 sec. (G) 4600 sec. (H) 50,000 sec. 56-[1 3z]. T he de com position of N 2O 5 in the gas phase is described by 2 N 2O 5( g ) 4 NO(g ) + O 2( g ). If a plot of 1/[N 2O 5] vs time is not linear, then what can we conclude? The reaction (with respect to [N 2O 5]) (A) m ust be 1st order. (B) may be 1st order. (C) cannot be 1st order. (D) may be 2nd order. (E) cannot be zero order. (F) m ust be 2nd order. 57-[13z]. The transformation of cyclopropane to propene is a first-order reaction with a rate constant of 5.4x10 -2/hr. How many hours must elapse for an initial concentration of 0.050 M to drop to 0.025 M? (A) 0 .054 hr. (B) 0.54 hr. (C) 5.4 hr. (D) 13 hr. (E) 1 8.5 hr. (F) 185 hr. 58-[13z]. W hich is correct? (A) If a reaction is exothermic, a catalyst affects the quantity of heat evolved. (B) nickel can be use d as a catalyst for hydrogenation. (C) a ca talyst for an equilibrium never ch anges k f (the rate constant of the forw ard re action). (D) a catalyst can cha nge the value o f K eq (an eq uilibrium constant). (E) an ide al catalyst is destroyed during a reaction. 59-[13 z]. W hich is not corre ct? (A ) If a reac tion is end othermic, a catalyst can possibly change the reactio n to exotherm ic. (B) nickel can b e used as a ca talyst for hydrogenation. (C) a catalyst for an equilibrium can changes k f (the rate constant of the forward rea ction). (D ) a catalyst does not change the value of K eq (an equilibrium constant). (E) an enzym e is a catalyst. 60-[13z]. The dec omposition of HI( g ) to give H 2( g ) and I2( g ) is 2nd order with a rate constant k equal to 30 M -1 min 1 at 443/ C. How long do es it take for a concentration of 0.01 M of HI ( g ) to drop to one-half of its original value? (A) 3.3 min. (B) 9 sec. (C) 18 sec. (D) 1.00 min. (E) 45 sec. (F) 2.3 min. 61-[13z]. The dec omposition of HI( g ) to give H 2( g ) and I2( g ) is 2nd order with a rate constant k equal to 30 M -1 min 1 at 443/ C. How long do es it take for a concentration of 2.0 M of HI ( g ) to drop to one-tenth of its original value? (A) 3.3 min. (B) 9 sec. (C) 18 sec. (D) 1.00 min. (E) 45 sec. (F) 2.3 min. 62-[13z]. Assuming all other factors are the same, which of the following reactions would be the fastest (all energy units are in kJ/mol)? (A) E a = 45 , )H = -25. (B) E a = 35 , )H = -10. (C) E a = 55 , )H = -25. (D) E a = 60 , )H = +5. (E) E a = 75 , )H = +25.

63-[13z]. In catalytic hydrogenation, the role of the catalytic surface is to: (A) break the H 2 bond. (B) break the carbon-carbon F-bond. (C) increa se the kinetic energy of H 2. (D) decrease the )H of the reaction. (E) form a hydrogen-hydrogen double bond. ****************************************************************************** CHA PT ER 14 - Chemical Equilibrium 01-[14z]. For an equilibrium reaction at 25 / C, the the kinetic rate constant k(forward) is 3.4x10-4 s -1, and the kinetic rate constant(backward) is 4.5x10 -6 s -1. If you warm the equilibrium solution to 50/ C, and the kinetic rate constant k(forward) increases to 3.4x10-3 s -1, the kinetic rate(backward) in s -1 is then ap proximately: (A) 2.1x10 -6. (B) 4.5x10-5. (C) 2.1x10-4. (D) 1.6x10-4. (E) 9.0x10-5. (F) 4.5x10 -3. 02-[14z]. At 500K the following equilibrium is established: 2NO(g ) + Cl2( g ) 2N OC l( g ), which has a Keq of 51.0. If the concentration of [NOCl] = 0.10 and the concentration of [Cl2] = 0.20, what is the concentration of [NO]? (A) 0.078. (B) 0.031. (C) 9.8x10 -4. (D) 9.8x10-3. (E) 0.019. (F) 0.19. 03-[14z]. For the equilibrium CaCO 3( s ) CaO(s ) + CO 2( g ), when we add solid CaCO 3, what happens to the equilibrium? (A) it does not change. (B) it shifts to the right. (C ) it shifts to the left. 04-[14z]. For the equilibrium CaCO 3( s ) CaO(s ) + CO 2( g ), when we increase the pressure, what happens to the equilibrium? (A) it does not change. (B) it shifts to the right. (C ) it shifts to the left. 05-[14z]. Increasing the activation energy of a reaction will (A) have no effect on the rate of the reaction. (B) speed up the reaction. (C) slow down the reaction. (D) will shift the equilibrium to the right. (E) will shift the equilibrium to the left. 06-[14z]. The H aber process deals with (A) the reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia. (B) the combustion of carbon mono xide to form carbon dioxide. (C) the fixation of nitrogen by legumes. (D) lightning strikes in the atmosphere forming nitrates. (E) the dissolution o f nitrogen chloride in ho spital packs. 07-[14z]. Consider the following balanced reaction: 3H 2( g ) + N 2( g ) 2NH 3( g ). The coe fficients tell us: (A) the order of the reaction with respect to hydrogen is third order. (B) nothing about the order of the reaction. (C) if we double the amount of hydrogen, the rate of the reaction will be tripled. (D) the concentration of nitrogen is not considered in the equilibrium expression. 08-[1 4z]. T he H aber process deals with: (A) the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. (B) citric acid production. (C) catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide. (D) catalytic cracking of petroleum. (E) fermentation of glucose. 09-[14z]. What effect does a catalyst have on the value of the ratio kf/k b for a chemical reaction? (A) no effect. (B) the ratio increases. (C) the ratio decreases. (D) the ratio increases with increasing temperature. (E) the ratio decreases with increasing temperature. 10-[14z]. The equilibrium constant for the reaction 2SO3( g ) 2SO 2( g ) + O 2( g ) is 2.40 x 10-3 at 200/C. At equilibrium at 200 /C, if the concentration of [SO 2] = 0.0100 and [O 2] = 0.002, what is the value of [SO 3]? (A) 8.33 x 10 -5. (B) 0.00913. (C) 109. (D) 0.00167. (E) 0.0490. 11-[14z]. The equilibrium constant for the reaction 2SO3( g ) 2SO 2( g ) + O 2( g ) is 2.40 x 10-3 at 200/C. W hat is the equilibrium constant for the reaction O 2( g ) + 2SO 2( g ) 2SO 3( g ) at 200 /C? (A) 0.00913. (B) 417. (C) 0.0490. (D) 109. (E) 215. (F) 10.40. 12-[14z].The equilibrium constant for the reaction 2SO3( g ) 2SO 2( g ) + O 2( g ) is 2.40 x 10-3 at 200/C. W hat is the equilibrium constant for the reaction SO3( g ) SO 2( g ) + O 2( g ) at 200 /C? (A) 2.4 x 10 -3. (B) 1.2 x 10-3. (C) 0.0490. (D) 0.0980. (E) 10.20. (F) 215.

13-[14z]. For the reaction 2HgO(s ) 2Hg( s ) + O 2( g ), What is the expression for the equilibrium constant K? (A) K = [H gO]/[O 2]. (B) K = [O 2]/[HgO] 2. (C) K = [O 2]. (D) K = [HgO]2/[Hg] 2[O 2]. (E) K = [H gO]/[Hg ][O]. 14-[14z]. For the reaction CaCO 3( s ) CaO(s ) + CO 2( g ), K = 0.0108 at 900/C. Let us place the following in a 1.00-liter flask and seal: 2.0 g of CaCO 3, 2.0 g of CaO, and 0.500 g of CO 2. We then heat the flask to 900 / and allow the mixture to reach equilibrium. The weight of CO2 in the flask, in grams, will then be : (A) 0.645. (B) 0.335. (C) 0.125. (D) 0.475. (E) 0.500. 15-[14z]. For the reaction C( s ) + CO 2( g ) 2CO(g ), at equilibrium at 850 /C the relative molar amounts of C, CO 2, and CO in a 1.00-L flask are 0.050, 0.062, and 0.54 respectively. What is the value of the equilibrium constant K? (A) 14.25. (B) 0.030. (C) 0.15. (D) 4.70. (E) 2.82. (F) 2.00. 16-[1 4z]. If )H = 0 for an reaction, (A) equilibrium canno t be attained for the reaction unless the tempe rature is lowered to a value close to abso lute zero. (B ) the reactants are more stable than the products. (C) the reactio n is endothmeric. (D) the reaction is exothermic. (E) K = 1. 17-[14z]. leChteliers principle is applied in (A) kinetic expressions. (B) the Law of Conservation of Mass. (C) The Gas Laws. (D) The First Law of Thermodynamics. (E) equilibria. 18-[14z]. At 450 /C the reaction PCl 5( g ) PCl3( g ) + Cl2( g ) shows an equilibrium constant K = 0.015 0. The thermodynamic data (in kJ/mol) for PCl5( g ), PCl3( g ), and Cl2( g ) are respectively )H /f = -374, -287, and 0 respectively. The reaction: (A) is endothermic. (B) is exothermic. (C) is not possible. (D) can only occur at low temperatures. (E) can occur only in the liquid phase. 19-[14z]. At 450 /C the reaction PCl 5( g ) PCl3( g ) + Cl2( g ) shows an equilibrium constant K = 0.015 0. The thermodynamic data (in kJ/mol) for PCl5( g ), PCl3( g ), and Cl2( g ) are respectively )H /f = -374, -287, and 0 respectively. If the reaction is at equilibrium at 450/C, and the p ressure is increased, the equilibrium will: (A) shift to the left. (B ) shift to the right. (C) not be affected . 20-[14z]. At 450 /C the reaction PCl 5( g ) PCl3( g ) + Cl2( g ) shows an equilibrium constant K = 0.015 0. The thermodynamic data (in kJ/mol) for PCl5( g ), PCl3( g ), and Cl2( g ) are respectively )H /f = -374, -287, and 0 respe ctively. If the reaction temperature is increased, the equilibrium will: (A) shift to the left. (B) shift to the right. (C) not be affected. 21-[14z]. At 450 /C the reaction PCl 5( g ) PCl3( g ) + Cl2( g ) shows an equilibrium constant K = 0.015 0. The thermodynamic data (in kJ/mol) for PCl5( g ), PCl3( g ), and Cl2( g ) are respectively )H /f = -374, -287, and 0 respectively. If Cl2( g ) is removed, the equilibrium will: (A) shift to the left. (B) shift to the right. (C) not be affected. 22-[14z]. At 450 /C the reaction PCl 5( g ) PCl3( g ) + Cl2( g ) shows an equilibrium constant K = 0.015 0. The thermodynamic data (in kJ/mol) for PCl5( g ), PCl3( g ), and Cl2( g ) are respectively )H /f = -374, -287, and 0 respectively. If a catalyst is added, the equilibrium will: (A) shift to the left. (B) shift to the right. (C) not be affected. 23-[14z]. At 450 /C the reaction PCl 5( g ) PCl3( g ) + Cl2( g ) shows an equilibrium constant K = 0.015 0. The thermodynamic data (in kJ/mol) for PCl5( g ), PCl3( g ), and Cl2( g ) are respectively )H /f = -374, -287, and 0 respectively. If [PCl 5] = 0.05 and [PCl3] = 0.08, what is the concentration of Cl2? (A) 0 .015 . (B) 1 .6. (C) 0.00 94. (D ) 0.02 4. (E) 0.62 . 24-[14z]. If we walk into a room where a student has set up an experiment where PCl5, PCl3, and Cl2 has been introduced into a flask and sealed. and if we find over a period of 1 hour the concentrations of PCl5, PCl3, and Cl2 do not change, then we may co nclude that: (A) equilibrium must have been reached. (B) equilibrium can not have been reached. (C) equilibrium is not ever possible for this reaction. (D) equilibrium might have b een reached. (E) a catalyst must be present. 25-[14 z]. Hydro gen can rea ct with elemental sulfur to give that smelly toxic gas H 2S according to the reaction H 2( g )

+ S( s ) H 2S( g ), with K = 7.6x105. Assume that an equilibrium is established with a concentration of 1.00x10 -7 atm H 2. W hat is the co ncentration o f H 2S( g ) in atm? (A) 0.076. (B) 0.01. (C) 0.00115. (D) 872. (E) 3.8x105. (F) 13.2. (G) cannot determine. 26-[14 z]. Hydro gen can rea ct with elemental sulfur to give that smelly toxic gas H 2S according to the reaction H 2( g ) + S( s ) H 2S( g ), with K = 7.6x105. Assume that an equilibrium is established with a concentration of 1.00x10 -7 atm H 2. What is the concentration of S( s )? (A) 0.076. (B) 0.01. (C) 0.00115. (D) 872. (E) 3.8x105. (F) 13.2. (G) cannot determine. 27-[14 z]. Hydro gen can rea ct with elemental sulfur to give that smelly toxic gas H 2S according to the reaction H 2( g ) + S( s ) H 2S( g ), with K = 7.6x105. Assume that an equilibrium is established with a concentration of 1.00x10 -7 atm H 2. Let us double the amount of solid S. What happens to the value of K? (A) it increases. (B) it decreases. (C) it stays the same. (D) cannot determine. 28-[14 z]. Hydro gen can rea ct with elemental sulfur to give that smelly toxic gas H 2S according to the reaction H 2( g ) + S( s ) H 2S( g ), with K = 7.6x105. Assume that an equilibrium is established with a concentration of 1.00x10 -7 atm H 2. Let us doub le the am ount o f solid sulfur. W hat hap pens to the amou nt of H 2S( g ) formed? (A) it increases. (B) it decreases. (C) it stays the same. (D) cannot determine. 29-[14 z]. Hydro gen can rea ct with elemental sulfur to give that smelly toxic gas H 2S according to the reaction H 2( g ) + S( s ) H 2S( g ), with K = 7.6x105. Now consider the same reaction written in this manner, H 2( g ) + S( s ) H 2S( g ). What is the value of the equilibrium constant K? (A) 760,000. (B) 380,000. (C) 2.0. (D) 0.50. (E) 870. (F) 7300. 30-[1 4z]. K eq for the following reaction is 0.16 at 25 /C. The enthalpy change is -344 kJ. 2NOB r( g ) 2NO(g ) + Br 2( g ). Using leChteliers principle, predict how the equilibrium will shift when NO Br( g ) is removed. The equilibrium will shift (A) left. (B ) right. (C) not at all. (D) ca nnot p redict. 31-[1 4z]. K eq for the following reaction is 0.16 at 25 /C. The enthalpy change is -344 kJ. 2NOB r( g ) 2NO(g ) + Br 2( g ). Predict ho w the eq uilibrium will shift when the temperature is de creased. T he eq uilibrium will shift (A) left. (B ) right. (C) not at all. (D) ca nnot p redict. 32-[1 4z]. K eq for the following reaction is 0.16 at 25 /C. The enthalpy change is -344 kJ. 2NOB r( g ) 2NO(g ) + Br 2( g ). Predict ho w the eq uilibrium will shift when the container volum e is increased. The equ ilibrium will shift (A) left. (B ) right. (C) not at all. (D) ca nnot p redict. 33-[14z]. For the equilibrium H 2O( g ) + CO(g ) H 2( g ) + CO 2( g ), we find the following concentrations: [CO 2] = 0.69, [H 2] = 80.52, [CO ] = [H 2O] = 9.40. What is the value of K? (A) 1.6. (B) 0.80. (C) 0.63. (D) 1.0. (E) 5.8. (F) 0.18. 34-[14z]. For the equilibrium H 2O( g ) + CO(g ) H 2( g ) + CO 2( g ), we find the following concentrations: [CO 2] = 0.69, [H 2] = 80.52, [CO ] = [H 2O] = 9.40 . Predict how the equilibrium will shift if CO is removed. The equilibrium will shift: (A) left. (B ) right. (C) not at all. (D) ca nnot p redict. 35-[14z]. For the equilibrium H 2O( g ) + CO(g ) H 2( g ) + CO 2( g ), we find the following concentrations: [CO 2] = 0.69, [H 2] = 80.52, [CO ] = [H 2O] = 9.40 . Pred ict how the equilibrium will shift when the container volum e is increased. T he eq uilibrium will shift: (A) left. (B ) right. (C) not at all. (D) ca nnot p redict. 36-[14z]. For the reaction N 2( g ) + O 2( g ) 2 NO(g ), K = 4.0x10 -4. At equilibrium , if the pressure of N 2( g ) is 0.5 atm and the pre ssure o f O 2( g ) is 1.0 atm, what is the pressure of NO( g ) in atm? (A) 0.0002. (B) 2x10 -2. (C) 0.014. (D) 0.085. (E) 0.15. (F) 2.0. 37-[14z]. For the endothermic reaction N 2( g ) + O 2 ( g ) 2 NO(g ), K = 4.0x10 -4. Pred ict how the equilibrium will shift when the container volum e is increased. The equ ilibrium will shift: (A) left. (B ) right. (C) not at all. (D) ca nnot p redict.

38-[14z]. For the endothermic reaction N 2( g ) + O 2( g ) 2 NO(g ), K = 4.0x10 -4. Pred ict how the equilibrium will shift when the temperature is increased. The equilibrium will shift: (A) left. (B) right. (C) not at all. (D) cannot pred ict. 39-[14z]. A bottle of a mixture of CO(g ), Cl2( g ), and COCl2( g ) is allowed to stand at room temperature for a week. During this time, the compositions are noticed not to change. We can then conclude that, for the following equation, CO(g ) + Cl2( g ) COCl 2( g ), (A) equilibrium must have been reached. (B) equilibrium might have been reached. (C) equilibrium cannot have been reached. (D) a different reaction must be taking place. 40-[14z]. W hen 2.0 moles of HI( g ) are placed in a 1.0-L container at 25 /C and allowed to disso ciate ac cord ing to this equation: 2HI( g ) H 2( g ) + I2( g ) , when equilibrium is finally reached it is found that 20.0% of the HI has dissociated to the H 2 and I2 (that is, 80.0% of the HI remains). What is K? (A) 0.0156. (B) 80. (C) 20. (D) 0.05. (E) 0.220. (F) 0.285. (G) 0.825. 41-[14z]. For the reaction ZnO(s ) + H 2( g ) Zn( s ) + H 2O( g ), if we add ZnO( s ), what happens? (A) the equilibrium will shift to the right. (B) H 2 is remo ved from the system. (C) the equilibrium shifts to the right. (C) H 2O( g ) is removed from the system. (D) nothing. (E) more Zn( s ) is produced. 42-[14z]. Given the following information, HF( aq ) H +1( aq ) + F-1( aq ) H 2C 2O 4( aq ) 2H +1( aq ) + C2O 4-2( aq )

K eq = 6.8 x 10-4 Keq = 3.8 x 10-6

what is the Keq value for the equilibrium 2HF( aq ) + C2O 4-2( aq ) 2F -1( aq ) + H 2C 2O 4 ( aq)? (A) 180. (B) 0.12. (C) 1.8 x 10-12. (D) 0.0056. (E) 0.57. (F) 4.5 x 10 -8. 43-[14z]. Given the following information (all at 700/C), H 2( g ) + I2( g ) 2HI( g ) K eq = 54 .0 N 2( g ) + 3H 2( g ) 2NH 3( g ) K eq = 1.04 x 10-4 what is the K eq value for the equilibrium 2NH 3( g ) + 3I2( g ) 6HI( g ) + N 2( g )? (A) 1.51 x 10 9. (B) 1.63 x 104. (C) 5.62 x 10-3. (D) 16.4. (E) 192. (F) 4.6 x 10 6. 44-[14z]. For the reaction N 2( g ) + 3H 2( g ) 2NH 3( g ) K eq = 4.34 x 10-3 at 300/C. W hat is K eq for the reverse reaction? (A) 4.34 x 10 3. (B) 0.230. (C) 43.4. (D) 230. (E) 0.679. (F) 679. ****************************************************************************** CHA PT ER 15 - The Chemistry of Solutes and Solutions 01-[15z]. What would have the highest boiling point? (A) 0.05 LiI. (B) 0.10 m NaCl. (C) 0.10 m sucrose. (D) 0.05 m KBr. (E) 0.10 m Ba(NO 3) 2. 02-[15z]. A biological cell in a very saline solution will experience: (A) a flow of salt into the cell, causing an increasing of salinity. (B) a flow of salt out of the cell, causing a decrease of salinity. (C) a flow of water into the cell, causing a decrea se of salinity. (D) a flo w of water out o f the cell, causing an increase of salinity. 03-[15z]. A beam o f light is dispersed (diffused) when passing through: (A) an acetic acid solution. (B) a supersaturated solution. (C) a sucrose solution. (D) a saline solution. (E) a colloid suspension. 04-[1 5z]. W hen so dium chlorid e is dissolved in water, the vapo r pressure: (A) increases. (B) decreases. (C) stays the same. 05-[1 5z]. W hen so dium chlorid e is dissolved in water, the freezing point: (A) increases. (B) decreases. (C) stays the same. 06-[1 5z]. W hen so dium chlorid e is dissolved in water, the boiling point:

(A) increases. (B) decreases. (C) stays the same. 07-[15z]. W hen sodium chloride is dissolved in water, the salinity (A) increases. (B) decreases. (C) stays the same. 08-[15z]. The bo iling point of a salt solution is the temperature at which (A) the vapor pressure of the solution is the same as the freezing vapor pressure. (B) the vapor pressure of the solution is the same as the atmospheric pressure. (C) the ionic pa rticles reassociate. (D) R aoults Law breaks dow n. (E) the standard reduction p otential reverses. 09-[15z]. W hich of the following would experience a decrea se of solubility with a rise in temperature? (A) sucrose. (B) potassium chloride. (C) nitrogen. (D) sodium nitrate. 10-[1 5z]. T he T yndall effect is associated with: (A) supersaturated solutions. (B) colloids. (C) saline solutions. (D) high osmotic pressure. (E) freezing point depression. 11-[15z]. W hich would have the lowest freezing point? (A) 0.10 m CaCl2. (B) 0.10 m NaCl. (C) 0.10 m sucrose. 12-[15z]. Which compound is miscible in water? (A) octane. (B) heptanol. (C) ethyl alcohol. (D) carbon tetrachloride. 13-[1 5z]. W hen ethylene glycol (antifreeze) is adde d to water, the vapo r pressure: (A) increases. (B) decreases: (C) stays the same. 14-[1 5z]. W hen ethylene glycol (antifreeze) is adde d to water, the b oiling point: (A) increases. (B) decreases: (C) stays the same. 15-[1 5z]. W hen ethylene glycol (antifreeze) is adde d to water, the freezing p oint: (A) increases. (B) decreases: (C) stays the same. 16-[15z]. Why isnt salt used for an antifreeze, since it is cheap? (A) it doesnt change the boiling and freezing points of water. (B ) it has a co rrosive effect on the auto mob ile. (C) it prevents the engine fro m running because of its elec trolytic prope rties. (D) it shorts out the ba ttery. 17-[1 5z]. H enrys La w deals with the relationship between: (A) the vapor pressure of a solute and the vapor pressure of a solvent. (B) the vapor pressure of a non-ideal solution and the number of particles in the formula of the solute. (C) the osmotic pressure of biological cells and the concentration of electrolytes. (D) the solubility of a gas in water and the external pressure on the solution. 18-[1 5z] A scuba diver at 100 feet un der the surface of the ocean would expe rience: (A) greater solubility of nitrogen in his blood. (B) lesser solubility of nitrogen in his blood. (C) zero solubility of nitrogen in his blood. (D) chemical reaction of nitrogen with hemoglobin in his blood. 19-[15z]. When you start heating a pan of water, at about 50/ C, bubbles start to ap pear. This is beca use: (A) the top o f the water starts to boil. (B) water is dec omp osing. (C) ozone is forming. (D ) dissolved air is less solubile at higher temp eratures. 20-[15z] The molarity of 10g of BaCl2 in 100 mL o f solution is: (A) 0.048. (B) 0.48 M. (C) 4.8. (D) 0.144. (E) 1.44. (F) 14.4. 21-[15z]. The molality (remember, of particles!) of 10 g of BaCl2 in 100 mL o f water is: (A) 0.048. (B) 0.48 M. (C) 4.8. (D) 0.144. (E) 1.44. (F) 14.4. 22-[15 z]. W hich is not a colloid? (A) smoke. (B) paint. (C) air. (D) marshmallow. (E) whipped cream. 23-[15z]. A solution is a: (A) homogeneo us mixture with the components mixed on a nano level. (B) heterogeneous

mixture with the components mixed on a colloidal level. (C) a heterogeneous mixture with the components mixed on a macro level. (D) a single liquid compound. 24-[1 5z]. C alculate the freez ing po int ( / C) of a solution made by mixing 10 g of sodium chloride in 1000 g of water. (A) -1.28. (B) -0.64. (C) -0.32. (D) -0.16. (E) +0.32. 25-[15z]. Which is isotonic with a 0.5 M solution of NaCl? (A) 0.5 M glucose. (B) 0.5 M BaCl 2. (C) 0.5 M KNO 3. (D) 0.5 Na2S. (E) 1.0 M NaCl. 26-[15z]. W hat is the mole fraction of glucose (C 6H 12O 6) in a solution of 17.6 g glucose in 50.0 g of water? (A) 2.77. (B) 0.034. (C) 0.966. (D) 0.267. (E) 0.122. 27-[1 5z]. A solution is prep ared by the addition of water to 17.6 g of gluco se until the volume of the so lution is exactly 100.0 mL. What is the molarity of the glucose? (A) 9.77. (B) 3.54. (C) 0.977. (D) 1.45. (E) 2.87. 28-[1 5z]. A colligative pro perty o f a solution is one that depends up on: (A) the solubility of the solute. (B) the polarity of the solvent. (C) the type of polyatomic anion of the solute. (D) the concentration of particles in a solution. (E) the molar mass of the solute. 29-[15 z]. W hich is not a colligative property of a solution? (A) freezing p oint de pression. (B ) boiling point elevation. (C) osmotic pressure . (D) vapo r pressure. (E ) solub ility. 30-[15z]. If you wish to prepare a K Cl solution which is isotonic with a 9.00% (0.090 0 mass fraction) NaCl aqueous solution, the KCl solution would be what percent? (A) 1.27%. (B) 8.71%. (C) 9.00%. (D) 4.78%. (E) 11.5%. 31-[15z]. Dissolve 44.4 g of CaCl2 in 2.00 L of wa ter. W hat is the boiling point ( /C) of the resulting solution? (A) 100.31. (B) 99.69. (C) 101.11. (D) 100.62. (E) 100.10. 32-[15z]. 500 kg of an ore proves to hold 1 gram of silver. What is the concentration of the silver, in ppm, in the ore? (A) 5. (B) 2. (C) 50. (D) 20. (E) 0.50. 33-[15z]. W hat is most soluble in water? (A) helium at high temperature. (B) oxygen at low temperature. (C) helium at low temperature. (D) oxygen at high temperature. 34-[15z]. If a sugar solution boils at 100.10/C, then it will freeze at what temperature (/C)? (A) -0.05. (B) 0.00. (C) -0.36. (D) -0.62. (E) -1.24. 35-[1 5z]. A n animal cell, whe n placed in p ure wa ter, will exp erience: (A) flow of water into the cell, which will expand. (B) an increase of temperature. (C) a flow of water into the cell, which will shrink. (D) a flow of water from the cell, which will expand. (E) a flow of water from the cell, which will shrink. 36-[15z]. The osmotic pressure of a solution at 25/C, prepared b y adding 2.5 0 g of a substance called tabitol to enough water to prepare 100 mL of solution, is 1.79 atm. What is the molar mass of tabitol? (A) 86. (B) 128. (C) 180. (D) 254. (E) 342. 37-[15z]. Which is not a solution? (A) an emulsion of homogenized milk. (B) unpolluted (clear) atmosphere. (C) saline solution. (D) a melt of copper and zinc to form brass. (E) carbonated water. 38-[15z]. Which has the lowest freezing point of the following aqueous solutions? (A) 0.35 m antifreeze. (B) 0.20 m K 2SO 4. (C) 0.20 m NaCl. (D) 0.50 m sugar. (E) 0.10 m glucose. 39-[15z]. Which has the highest vapor pressure of the following aqueous solutions? (A) 0.35 m antifreeze. (B) 0.50 m sugar. (C) 0.10 m glucose. (D) 0.20 m Na 2SO 4. (E) 0.20 m NaCl.

40-[15z]. A solution is prepared by dissolving 9.41 g of NHSO 3 in 1.00 kg of wa ter, and it is found that it freezes at 0.33/ C. Which of the following equations must be the correct expression for the ionization of NaHSO 3? (A) NaHSO 3 Na +1 + HSO 3-1. (B) NaHSO 3 Na +1 + H +1 + SO 3-1. (C) NaHSO 3 Na +1 + OH -1 + SO 2. (D) NaHSO 3 Na +1 + 2O -2 + SO +1. (E) NaHSO 3 NaO -1 + 3O -2 + S +1. 41-[15z]. A 30.0% weight percent (0.30 fraction) of ammonia (NH 3) in water is what mole fraction? (A) 0.312. (B) 2.67. (C) 1.34x10 -4. (D) 0.834. (E) 1.45. 42-[15z]. Bromide ion exists in the ocean to the extent of 0.006% (0.00006 mass fraction). What is the concentration of bromide in the ocean, in ppm? (A) 6. (B) 60. (C) 600. (D) 6000. (E) 60,000. 43-[15z]. Calculate the concentration of solute particles in human blood (in molarity) if the osmotic pressure is 7.53 atm at 37 /C (th e temp eratu re of th e b od y). (A ) 0.178. (B ) 0.00178. (C ) 0.492. (D ) 0.892. (E) 0.296 M . 44-[1 5z]. C oncentrated sulfuric acid has a density of 1.84 g/cm3 and is 9 5.0% (0.95 mass fraction) b y weight H 2SO 4. W hat is the molarity of the H 2SO 4? (A) 5.68. (B) 2.46. (C) 17.8. (D) 0.562. (E) 0.144. 45-[15z]. If you dissolve 1.00g of CaCl2 in 750 g of water, what is the molarity of chloride ion? (A) 2.84. (B) 1.28. (C) 0.445. (D) 0.096. (E) 0.048. (F) 0.024. (G) 0.012. (H) 0.0060. 46-[15z]. If you dissolve equimolar amounts of NaCl and CaCl2 in water, the calcium salt lowers the freezing point of the water alm ost 1.5 times as m uch as the NaCl. T his is because (A ) the form ula weight of calcium chloride is larger than for sodium chloride. (B) a mole of sodium chloride provides 2 moles of ions whereas a mole of calcium chloride provid es three moles of ions. (C) the calcium com pound is no t ionic. (D ) calcium chlo ride is more so luble in water than is sodium chloride. (E) the calcium compound is volatile while the sodium compound is not volatile. 47-[15z]. If you want to have a water-salt solution that freezes at -10/C, how many gram s of NaCl will you have to add to 3.0 kg of water? (A) 470 g. (B) 2 7.4 g. (C) 1270 g. (D) 1.55 g. (E) 0.278 g. 48-[15z]. Which has the highest boiling point of the following aqueous solutions? (A) 0.35 m antifreeze. (B) 0.50 m sugar. (C) 0.20 m KBr. (D) 0.20 m Na 2SO 4. (E) 0.10 m glucose. 49-[15z]. Which has the highest vapor pressure of the following aqueous solutions at 20/C? (A) 0.35 m antifreeze. (B) 0.50 m sugar. (C) 0.20 m KBr. (D) 0.20 m K 2CO 3. (E) 0.50 m glucose. 50-[15z]. Which is not a colligative property? (A) vapor pressure. (B) molecular mass. (C) osmotic pressure. (D) boiling point elevation. (E) freezing point depression. 51-[15z]. Mix 10 0 g of water and 100 g H 2SO 4 to form a new solution . W hat is the m ole frac tion of H 2SO 4? (A) 0.500. (B) 0.176. (C) 0.150. (D) 0.256. (E) 0.280. (F) 0.320. (G) 0.385. 52-[15z]. W hat is the molality of ethylene glycol (C2H 6O 2) in a solution prepared by mixing 5.00 g of ethylene glycol in 125 g of water? (A) 0.644. (B) 0.000644. (C) 0.619. (D) 0.000619. (E) 2.45. 53-[1 5z]. W hat is the m ole frac tion of water in a so luion p repared b y mixing 12.5 g of H 2O with 220 g of acetone (C 3H 6O)? (A) 0.817. (B) 0.845. (C) 0.183. (D) 0.155. (E) 0.456. 54-[15z]. In which of the following solvents would you expect the solubility of CaCl2 to be the greatest? (A) CH 3OH . (B) C 6H 6 (benzene). (C) CCl4. (D) gasoline. (E) water. 55-[1 5z]. T he presence of a nonvo latile solute in a voltaile solvent will result in: (A) raising the freezing point and lowering the vapor pressure and boiling point. (B) lowering the freezing point and

raising the vapor pressure and boiling point. (C) raising the freezing point, vapor pressure, and boiling point. (D) lowering the freezing point and vapor pressure and raising the boiling point. (E) lowering the boiling point and raising the freezing point and vapor pressure. 56-[15z]. Which of the following solutions has the largest osmotic pressure? (A) 0.12 M NaCl. (B) 0.10 M CaCl2. (C) 0.05 M Ba(NO 3) 2. (D) 0.05 M Al(NO 3) 3. (E) 0.20 M sucrose. 57-[1 5z]. A sucrose solution that is iso tonic with a saline so lution will have the sa me: (A) color. (B) o smotic pressure. (C ) viscosity. (D) m olarity of solute. (E ) concentration of halide io ns. 58-[15z]. Physical properties of solutions that depend only on concentration of particles and not on the identity of the solute particles are known as what kind of properties? (A) electrochemical. (B) thermodynamic. (C) colligative. (D) catalytic. (E) solubility. (F) hyperbaric. 59-[1 5z]. W hich solution is no t possib le? (A ) gas dissolved in a gas. (B ) gas dissolved in a liquid . (C) liqu id dissolved in a liquid. (D) solid dissolved in a liquid. (E) solid dissolved in a solid. (F) all are possible. 60-[15z]. If 90 micrograms of DDT are dissolved in a cubic meter, what is the concentration in ppb? (A) 900. (B) 90. (C) 9. (D) 0.9. (E) 0.09. (F) 0.009. ****************************************************************************** CHAP TER 16 - Acids and Bases 01-[1 6z]. W hat has the lowe st pH ? (A) toma toes. (B ) gastric juice. (C ) coffee. (D) rain. (E) milk of magnesia solution. (F) household ammonia. (G) Drano. 02-[16z]. What has a pH of 4.00? A solution of 1.0x10 -4 M (A) acetic acid. (B) rain water. (C) lactic acid. (D) hydrochloric acid. (E) ammonium nitrate. (F) ammonium formate. (G) carbonated water. 03-[16z]. W hat is the strongest base? (A) sodium acetate. (B) sodium bicarbo nate. (C) sodium carbonate. (D) sodium chloride. (E) sodium lactate. (F) sodium fluoride. 04-[16z]. What is the conjugate acid of HC 2O 4-1? (A) H +1. (B) H 3O +1. (C) H 2O. (D) H 2C 2O 4. (E) C 2O 4-2. 05-[16z]. Which of the following is a strong acid? (A) HNO 2. (B) HSO 3-1. (C) HPO 4-2. (D) lactic acid. (E) HNO 3. 06-[16z]. W hich of the following, when dissolved in water, gives a pH abo ve 7? (A) acetic acid. (B) potassium chloride. (C) ammonium nitrate. (D) H 2CO 3. (E) sodium lactate. 07-[16z]. If the pH of a solution is 3.5, the pOH is (A) 10.50. (B) 4.50. (C) 14.00. (D) 13.50. (E) 7.50. 08-[16z]. If a vinegar solution has a pH = 4.00, the OH -1 concentration (molarity) is (A) 1 x 10 -10. (B) 0. (C) 1 x 10 -7. (D) 7 x 10-4. (E) 1 x 10 -4. 09-[16z]. A 0.025 M HCl solution has a pH of (A) 2.50. (B) 1.60. (C) 1.25. (D) 3.17. (E) 2.17. 10-[16z]. What is the pH of a 0.45 M solution of benzoic acid? (A) 0.35. (B) 2.27. (C) 4.20. (D) 1.92. (E) 3.65. 11-[16z]. What is the molarity of a boric acid solution whose pH is 5.00? (A) 0.46. (B) 0.88. (C) 0.17. (D) 1.24. (E) 2.35. 12-[16 z]. W hich of the following is not a polyprotic acid? (A) citric acid. (B) oxalic acid. (C) phenol. (D) sulfuric acid. (E) carbonic acid.

13-[16z]. Which of the following solutions will be basic? (A) sodium nitrate. (B) potassium chloride. (C) NH 4Cl. (D) potassium lactate. (E) sodium sulfate. 14-[16z]. W hat is the value of [H +] of a solution when pH = pOH? (A) 1 x 10 -1. (B) 3.5 x 10-7. (C) 7. (D) 1 x 10 -7. (E) 1 x 10 -14. 15-[16z]. What is [OH -1] for a 0.0050 M KOH solution? (A) 2.5 x 10 -5. (B) 0.0025. (C) 2.30. (D) 1 x 10 -5. (E) 5.0 x 10-3. 16-[1 6z]. C alculate the pH of a 0.0 01 M solution of acetic acid. (A) 2.68. (B) 3.00. (C) 4.34. (D) 5.38. (E) 3.87. 17-[16z]. What is the pH of rain water? (A) 6. (B) 7. (C) 9. (D) 3. (E) 14. 18-[16z]. If an acid is a very strong acid, then the conjugate base will be a (A) very weak base. (B) very strong base. (C) polyprotic base. (D) nonelectrolyte. (E) Periodic Table group 1 (alkali metal group) hydroxide. 19-[16z]. What is the pH of a 0.0030 M solution of ammonia? (A) 3.60. (B) 10.37. (C) 7.00. (D) 9.36. (E) 8.85. 20-[16z]. W hich of the following is the strongest acid? (A) H 2SO 3. (B) H 2SO 4. (C) H 3PO 4. (D) HF. (E) HCN. 21-[16z]. What is the pH of a 0.005 M Na3PO4 solution? (A) 10.80. (B) 9.46. (C) 12.04. (D) 13.28. (E) 11.87. (F) 8.28. 22-[16z]. What is the pH of a 0.25M solution of sodium lactate? (A) 2.34. (B) 4.67. (C) 3.88. (D) 7.00. (D) 6.56. (E) 9.29. (F) 8.63. (G) 10.34. 23-[16 z]. W hich is K 2CO 3? (A) acidic. (B) basic. (C) neutral. 24-[1 6z]. D oes the following reaction proceed m ore to the (A) left or to the (B) the right? acetic acid + sodium benzoate sodium acetate + benz oic acid 25-[16z]. Which is the strongest base? (A) NaF. (B) H F. (C) sodium acetate. (D) sodium lactate. (E) sodium cyanide. (F) HI. 26-[16z]. What is the conjugate base of acetic acid? (A) sulfate. (B) hydroxide. (C) acetate. (D) hydronium. (E) water. (F) H +. 27-[16z]. What is the pH of tomato juice? (A) 2. (B) 4. (C) 6. (D) 7. (E) 8. (F) 11. 28-[16z]. Which is not a strong acid? (A) sulfuric acid. (B) nitric acid. (C) hydrochloric acid. (D) hydrofluoric acid. (E) hydroiodic acid. 29-[16z]. Bubble carbon dioxide into a saturated solution of calcium oxide. What happens? (A) Nothing. (B) calcium hydroxide precipitates out. (C) calcium carbonate precipitates out. (D) the solution effervesces (i.e., lots of bubbles). (E) the pH of the solution increases. (F) the solution turns red. (G) the solution turns blue. 30-[16z]. The conjugate base of a very strong acid would be (A) a very strong base. (B) a very weak base. 31-[1 6z]. A solution of po tassium chlorid e is (A) a cidic. (B ) basic. (C) neutral. 32-[16z]. The pH of a pyridine solution is (A) zero. (B) 7. (C) less than 7. (D) greater than 7. 33-[16z]. What is the molarity of a Ca(OH)2 solution whose pH = 11.00? (A) 0.5. (B) 0.1. (C) 0.05. (D) 0.01. (E) 0.005. (F) 0.001. (G) 0.0005.

34-[16z]. What is the molarity of a Ca(OH)2 solution whose pH = 11.88? (A) 1.41 x 10-2 . (B) 2.82 x 10-2. (C) 1.55 x 10 -3. (D) 3.79 x 10-3. (E) 9.23 x 10-4. (F) 2.82 x 10 -5. (G) 1.00 x 10-7. 35-[16z]. What is the molarity of a HCl solution whose pH = 2.50? (A) 1.20 x 10 -1. (B) 1.08 x 10-2. (C) 3.16 x 10-3. (D) 7.27 x 10-4. (E) 4.19 x 10-5. (F) 1.18 x 10 -6. (G) 1.00 x 10-7. 36-[16z]. What is the molarity of a solution of propionic acid whose pH = 5.00? (A) 1.00 x 10 -5. (B) 1.30 x 10-5. (C) 1.56 x 10-6. (D) 7.69 x 10-6. (E) 4.52 x 10-7. (F) 5.68 x 10 -8. (G) 3.32 x 10-9. 37-[16z]. What is the pH of a 1.23 x 10 -3 M solution of ammonia? (A) 1.49. (B) 3.83. (C) 5.72. (D) 7.00. (E) 8.10. (F) 10.17. (G) 12.55. 38-[16z]. What is the pH of a 0.0045 M solution of sodium benzoate? (A) 4.56. (B) 6.07. (C) 7.00. (D) 7.93. (E) 8.34. (F) 9.39 (G) 10.45. 39-[16z]. What is the pH of 2.00 g of acetic acid in 250 mL solution? (A) 7.00. (B) 6.89. (C) 5.11. (D) 4.26. (E) 3.87. (F) 2.81. (G) 1.92. 40-[16z]. What is the pH of 2.00 moles of acetic acid in 250 mL solution? (A) 1.92. (B) 2.81. (C) 3.87. (D) 4.26. (E) 5.11. (F) 6.89. (G) 7.00. 41-[16z]. What is the pH of a 1.1 x 10 -2 M solution of nitric acid? (A) 1.96. (B) 2.34. (C) 3.57. (D) 4.23. (E) 4.49. (F) 4.88. (G) 5.21. (H) 5.37. 42-[16z]. What is the pH of a 4.6 x 10 -3 M solution of nitric acid? (A) 5.37. (B) 5.21. (C) 4.88. (D) 4.49. (E) 4.23. (F) 3.57. (G) 2.34. (H) 1.96. 43-[16z]. What is the pH of a 0.0082 M solution of KOH? (A) 2.09. (B) 4.67. (C) 6.03. (D) 7.00. (E) 9.11. (F) 11.91. (G) 13.20. 44-[16z]. Which is a strong acid? (A) ammonia. (B) hydrochloric acid. (C) HCN. (D) tartaric acid. (E) ascorbic acid. (F) hydrofluoric acid. (G) calcium oxide. 45-[16z]. Which is NH 4NO 3? (A) somewhat basic. (B ) somewhat acidic. (C) perfectly neutral. 46-[16z]. W hich is the strongest base of the following group? (A) NaF. (B) H F. (C) sodium acetate. (D) sodium lactate. (E) HI. (F) sodium cyanide. (G) Ca(OH) 2. 47-[16z]. What is the pH of a 0.01 M solution of Ca(OH) 2? (A) 12.3. (B) 12.0. (C) 11.7. (D) 11.3. (E) 11.0 (F) 10.6. 48-[16z]. Which of the following is the most acidic? (A) NaH. (B) CH 4. (C) SnH 4. (D) H 2S. (E) HC l. 49-[16z]. Which has the lowest pH? (A) NH 4Cl. (B) NaNO 3. (C) BaI2. (D) NH 3. (E) Na 2CO 3. 50-[16z]. What is the percent dissociation of a 0.1 M HCl solution? (A) 0%. (B) 10%. (C) 50%. (D) 90%. (E) 100%. 51-[16z]. Which is the most basic? (A) Al(OH)3. (B) B(OH) 3. (C) ClOH. (D) CsOH. (E) SO 2(OH)2. 52-[16z]. The sodium salt of which acid would have two sodium atoms in its chemical formula? (A) acetic acid. (B) tartaric acid. (C) benzoic acid. (D) formic acid. (E) lactic acid. (F) hydrocyanic acid. 53-[1 6z]. If yo u were asked to calculate the pH of a 0.1 M solution of each acid below, then for which acid would you need the use of a quad ratic eq uation to give an accurate answer? (A) HC N. (B ) acetic acid. (C ) HC l. (D) b enzo ic acid. (E) boric acid. (F) iodic acid.

54-[16 z]. W hat is K b for KCN? (A) 6.0 x 10-2. (B) 2.0 x 10-5. (C) 4.3 x 10-7. (D) 7.2 x 10-9. (E) 4.9 x 10-10. ****************************************************************************** CH AP TE R 17 - Ad ditiona l Aqueous Equilibria 01-[1 7z]. A solution of 0.1M lactic acid/0.1 M sodium lactate has a p H o f: (A) 2.67. (B) 3.24. (C) 4.98. (D) 3.85. (E) 4.02. (F) 5.96. (G) 5.17. (H) 6.03. 02-[17z]. If Na 2S solution is dripped into a solution which contains cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, lead(II) nitrate, and zinc nitrate, which compound precipitates first? (A) cobalt sulfide. (B) lead(II) sulfide. (C) nickel sulfide. (D) zinc sulfide. (E) sodium sulfide. 03-[17z]. Knowing the K sp of Mn(OH) 2 is 1.6 x 10-13, what is the molar solubility of Mn(OH) 2? (A) 7.5x10 -5. (B) 4.0x10-7. (C) 3.4x10-5. (D) 2.0x10-7. (E) 7.2x10-6. (F) 2.1x10 -6. 04-[17 z]. W hich of the following is not a buffered solution? (A) sodium acetate/acetic acid. (B) phosphoric acid/sodium dihydrogen phosphate. (C) ammo nia/ammonium chloride. (D) lactic acid/potassium lactate. (E) sodium chloride/hydrochloric acid. 05-[1 7z]. A s you titrate a 0.1 M acetic acid solution with 0.00 5 M sodium hydroxid e, and when you are exactly half way through the titration, what is the pH? (A) 2.87. (B) 7.00. (C) 4.94. (D) 6.01. (E) 4.74 06-[17z]. A buffer is prepared by adding 20.0 g of acetic acid and 20.0 g of sodium acetate to enough water to form 2.00 L of a solution. What is the pH? (A) 3.35. (B) 2.30. (C) 4.88. (D) 4.60. (E) 4.74. 07-[17z]. A buffer solution (1.00 liter) of carbonic acid/sodium bicarbonate (H 2CO 3/NaHCO 3) with a pH o f 6.20 is diluted to 2.00 liter by adding 1.00 liter of water. What is the new pH? (A) 6.36. (B) 7.00. (C) 6.60. (D) 6.20. (E) 7.20. 08-[17z]. Assume the buffer system in blood is carbonic acid/sodium bicarbonate is pH = 7.41. What is the molar ratio of HCO 3-1 to H 2CO 3? (A) 0.01. (B) 1. (C) 11. (D) 7. (E) 3. 09-[17z]. What is the pH of a solution which is prepared by adding 0.10 mole of ammonia and 0.18 mole of ammonium chloride to water to make up 1.00 liter of solution? (A) 5. (B) 7. (C) 9. (D) 11. (E) 3. 10-[17z]. What is a salt that would decrease the ionization of HOCl in solution? (A) NaCl. (B) NaOCl. (C) Na 2O. (D) NaOH. (E) BaCl2. 11-[17z]. If one adds NaNO 2 to a solution of HNO 2, then: (A) the pH decreases. (B) the pH increases. (C) the K a of HNO 2 decreases. (D) the K a of HNO 2 increases. (E) the pH remains the same. 12-[17z]. How m any moles of sodium hypobromite (NaO Br) should be adde d to 1.00 L of 0.050 M hypobromo us acid (HOBr) to form a buffer solution of pH 8.80? (A) 0.079. (B) 0.050. (C) 0.021. (D) 0.010. (E) 0.110. 13-[17z]. A saturated solution (1 liter) of calcium oxalate (CaC2O 4) holds 0.00 61 gram o f calcium oxalate. W hat is the K sp of calcium oxalate? (The ions are Ca+2 and C 2O 4-2). (A) 2.3 x 10 -9. (B) 7.8 x 10-2. (C) 6.3 x 10-5. (D) 3.7 x 10-5. (E) 4.8 x 10-7. 14-[17z]. What is the molar solubility of barium carbonate? (A) 1.7 x 10 -3. (B) 2.5 x 10-5. (C) 5.0 x 10-9. (D) 2.5 x 10-17. (E) 7.1 x 10-5. 15-[17z]. W hat is the molar solubility of Ba(IO 3) 2? (the ions are Ba+2 and IO 3-1). (A) 3.0 x 10 -5. (B) 8.4 x 10-4. (C) 1.7 x 10-5. (D) 6.0 x 10-6. (E) 5.3 x 10-4.

16-[17z]. W hat is the molar solubility of Ba(IO 3) 2 in a solution of 0.010 M NaIO 3? (A) 3.0 x 10 -5. (B) 8.4 x 10-4. (C) 5.3 x 10-4. (D) 6.0 x 10-6. (E) 1.2 x 10-4. 17-[17z]. W hat is the molar solubility of Ba(IO 3) 2 in a solution of 0.01 M Ba(NO 3) 2? (A) 3.0 x 10 -5. (B) 8.4 x 10-4. (C) 5.3 x 10-4. (D) 1.2 x 10-4. (E) 6.0 x 10-6. 18-[17z]. W hat is the molar solubility of Ba(IO 3) 2 in a solution of 0.01 M NaNO 3? (A) 3.0 x 10 -5. (B) 8.4 x 10-4. (C) 5.3 x 10-4. (D) 1.2 x 10-4. (E) 6.0 x 10-6. 19-[17z]. Add a solution of AgNO3 to a saturated solution of AgCl. What happens? (A) Nothing. (B) AgOH precipitates. (C) AgCl precipitates. (D) AgNO 3 precipitates. (E) N aCl precipitates. 20-[17z]. Add a solution of NaCl to a solution of AgCl. What happens? (A) Nothing. (B) AgCl precipitates. (C) NaOH precipitates. (D) AgNO 3 precipitates. (E) N aCl precipitates. 21-[17z]. Add a solution of NaNO 3 to a solution of AgCl. What happens? (A) NaNO 3 precipitates. (B) nothing. (C) AgNO3 precipitates. (D) N aCl precipitates. (E) AgC l precipitates. 22-[17z]. Which of the following has the greatest molar solubility? (A) silver sulfate. (B) silver sulfide. (C) silver chloride. (D) silver bromide. (E) silver iodide. 23-[1 7z]. S ailors o ut at sea use po tassium soap (potassium stearate, K + -O 2C(CH 2) 16CH 3) instead of sodium soap (sodium stearate, Na + -O 2C(CH 2) 16CH 3) to wash the deck because the sodium soap does not work with ocean water. This is explained by the common ion effect because: (A) corals exude huge quantities of sodium stearate. (B) sodium soap is not soluble in o cean water b ut potassium soap is soluble in ocean water. (C ) the oc ean is saturated with stearate ions. (D) potassium stearate is precipitated by increased free energy of the salty water. (E) the K sp of potassium stearate is much larger than the Ksp of sodium stearate. 24-[17z]. Take 0.5 L of a 0.1 M solution of NaH 2PO 4 solution and add 0.2 L of a 0.2 M N aOH solution. W hat is the pH of the resulting solution? (A) 7.02. (B) 7.40. (C) 7.80. (D) 8.20. (E) 8.80 . (F) 9.40. (G) 9.80. (H) 10.20. (I) 11.05. 25-[1 7z]. A solution of 1.5M lactic acid/0.1 M sodium lactate has a p H o f: (A) 2.67. (B) 3.24. (C) 4.98. (D) 3.85. (E) 4.02. (F) 5.96. (G) 5.17. (H) 6.03. 26-[17z]. Calculate the K sp of cupric carbonate (CuCO 3) if its molar solubility is 1.52 x 10 -5. (A) 0.15. (B) 0.0155. (C) 4.00 x 10 -3. (D) 1.5 x 10-5. (E) 5.04 x 10-6. (F) 2.00 x 10 -7. (G) 5.19 x 10-8. (H) 2.31 x 10-10. 27-[1 7z]. If the pH of a buffer solution containing ac etic acid /sodium acetate = 5.00 , and the molarity of acetic acid is 0.10, then what is the molarity of sodium acetate? (A) 0.0064. (B) 0.034. (C) 0.078. (D) 0.10. (E) 0.18. (F) 0.28. (G) 0.45. 28-[17z]. Prepare 1 liter of a saturated solution of lanthanum fluoride. Now add a dilute solution of sodium fluoride (0.01M). What will happen? (A) Sodium fluoride will precipitate out. (B) lanthanum fluoride will precipitate out. (C) the solution will become unsaturated. 29-[17z]. Prepare 1.00 liter of a solution containing 0.100 mole of acetic acid and 0.0500 mole of sodium acetate. Mea sure the pH. Now dilute the solution two-fold, that is, add 1.0 liter of water to make up 2.00 liters of solution. What happens to the pH between the two measurements? (A) it increases by 0.50. (B) it increases by 1.00. (C) it increases by 1.50. (D) it decreases by 0.50. (E) it decreases by 1.00. (F) it decreases by 1.50. (G) it remains unchanged. 30-[17z]. What is the molar solubility of silver sulfate? (A) 0.0155. (B) 4.00 x 10-3. (C) 1.5 x 10-5. (D) 5.04 x 10-6. (E) 2.00 x 10-7. (F) 5.19 x 10 -8. (G) 2.31 x 10-10. (H) 0.15.

31-[17z]. What is the molar solubility of lanthanum fluoride in a solution of 0.10 M NaF? (A) 4.0 x 10 -3. (B) 1.5 x 10-5. (C) 9.3 x 10-6. (D) 2.0 x 10-10. (E) 5.2 x 10-12. (F) 2.0 x 10 -16. 32-[17z]. What is the pH of a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide? (A) 14.00. (B) 13.45. (C) 12.97. (D) 12.37. (E) 12.07. (F) 11.38. (G) 10.39. 33-[17z]. What is the pH of 1.00 g of propionic acid and 1.0 g of sodium propionate in 500 mL of solution? (A) 3.78. (B) 4.77. (C) 4.89. (D) 5.01. (E) 5.13. (F) 5. 25. (G) 5.37. 34-[17z]. What is the pH of a solution that is 0.5 M acetic acid and 0.25 M sodium acetate? (A) 5.37. (B) 5.25. (C) 5.13. (D) 5.01. (E) 4.89. (F) 4.77. (G) 4.44. 35-[17z]. What is the molar solubility of lanthanum fluoride? (A) 4.0 x 10 -3. (B) 1.5 x 10-5. (C) 9.3 x 10-6. (D) 2.0 x 10-10. (E) 5.2 x 10-12. (F) 2.0 x 10 -16. 36-[17z]. What happens when NaOH is added to an aqueous buffer solution containing NH 3 and NH 4Cl? (A) the pH decreases. (B) The NH 4+1 conc entration increases. (C ) the co ncentration o f H +1 decreases. (D) no reaction occurs with the buffer solution and the N aOH . (E) Th e {log [ba se]/[acid]} term o f the buffer equation decreases. 37-[17z]. The net equation describing the addition of NaOH to a buffer solution containing HCO 3-1 and CO3-2 is: (A) OH -1 + CO 3-2 HCO 3-1 (B) OH -1 + HCO 3-1 H 2O + CO 3-2 (C) 2 Na+1 + CO 3-2 Na 2CO 3 (D) Na +1 + HCO 3-1 NaHCO 3 (E) Na +1 + H 2O H +1 + NaOH 38-[17z]. What is the pH of a 0.15 M HCl solution at the very beginning of its titration with a 0.150 M NaOH solution? (A) 0.150. (B) -0.150. (C) 0.82. (D) -0.82. (E) 13.2. (F) 7.0. 39-[17z]. W hat is the equivalence point pH of the solution formed by the tiration of 50.00 mL of 0.150 M HCl using 50.00 mL of 0.150 M NaOH? (A) 3.22. (B) 4.53. (C) 7.00. (D) 8.26. (E) 8.88. 40-[1 7z]. W hat is the eq uivalence po int pH of the solution formed by the titratio n of 50 .00 m L of 0.150 M acetic acid using 25.00 mL of 0.300 M NaO H? (A) 3.22. (B) 4.53. (C) 7.00. (D) 8.26. (E) 8.88. 41-[17z]. What is the solubility-product expression for PbI 2( s ) Pb +2( aq ) + 2I-1( aq ) ? (A) K sp = [Pb+2][I-1] (B) K sp = [Pb+2] 2[I -1] (C) K sp = [Pb+2][I-1]/[PbI 2] (D) K sp = [Pb+2][I-1] 2 (E) K sp = [Pb+2][I-1] 2/[PbI2] 42-[1 7z]. If x equals the solubility of Ag 2CO 3 in moles per liter, then ho w is the value of K sp for Ag 2CO 3 related to the value of x ? K sp = (A) 4 x 3. (B) x 3. (C) 2 x 3. (D) x 2. (E) 2 x 2. 43-[1 7z]. T he pH of a stand ard so lution of H 2S is too low to precipitate ZnS. Which of the following could be added to the solution to cause ZnS to precipitate? (A) HCl. (B) HNO 3. (C) H 2S. (D) NaCl. (E) NaOH. 44-[17z]. How could we increase the solubility of BaCO 3 in water? (A) add Ba(NO 3) 2. (B) add Na2CO 3. (C) ad d N aOH. (D ) add HC l. (E) ad d N aCl. 45-[17z]. leChteliers principle applies to all of these except (A) the common-ion effect. (B) the buffer equation. (C) titration curves. (D) the kinetic order of a reaction. (E) the solubility of CaCO 3 vs. pH. 46-[17z]. As the pH of an aqueous solution is varied from 7 to 1, the solubility of CaCO 3 is:

(A) increased. (B) decreased. (C) unchanged. ****************************************************************************** CHA PT ER 18 - Thermodynamics: Directionality of Chemical Reactions 01-[1 8z]. If a reactio n is exothermic, then: (A) )G is positive. (B) )G is negative. (C) )H is positive. (D) )H is negative. (E) )S is positive. (F) )S is negative. 02-[1 8z]. A process is exothermic wh en: (A) the free energy change is positive. (B) the free energy change is negative. (C) the enthalpy change is positive. (D) the enthalpy change is negative. (E) the entropy change is positive. (F) the entropy change is negative. 03-[18z]. W hen )G for a chemical reaction is positive, then: (A) K eq is negative. (B) K eq is less than 1. (C) K eq is greater than 1. (D) )H is negative. 04-[18z]. W hen you stretch a rubber band, then )G is: (A) positive. (B) negative. (C) zero. 05-[18z] W hen you stretch a rubber band, then )H is: (A) positive. (B) negative. (C) zero. 06-[18z]. W hen you stretch a rubber band, then )S is: (A) positive. (B) negative. (C) zero. 07-[1 8z]. F or ice melting, in a mixture of ice-water at 0 /C, )G is: (A) positive. (B) negative. (C) zero. 08-[1 8z]. F or ice melting, in a mixture of ice-water at 0 /C, )H is: (A) positive. (B) negative. (C) zero. 09-[1 8z]. F or ice melting, in a mixture of ice-water at 0 /C, )S is: (A) positive. (B) negative. (C) zero. 10-[1 8z]. F or photosynthesis, )G is: (A) positive. (B) negative. (C) zero. 11-[1 8z]. F or photosynthesis, )H is: (A) positive. (B) negative. (C) zero. 12-[1 8z]. F or photosynthesis, )S is: (A) positive. (B) negative. (C) zero. 13-[18z]. Calculate )G (in kJ) at 25 / C for the reaction Fe(s ) + Cl2( g ) FeCl2( s ), given the following thermodyn amic data, Fe( s ) )S = 2 7.1 J/mol-K ; Cl2( g ) )S = 2 23 J /mol-K ; FeCl2( s ) )H = -342 kJ/mo l, )S = 1 18 J /mol-K . (A) -342. (B) -303. (C) -356. (D) -407. (E) -512. 14-[18z]. Could this reaction ever become spontaneous? Fe( s ) + Cl2( g ) FeCl2( s ), given the following thermodyn amic data, Fe( s ) )S = 2 7.1 J/mol-K ; Cl2( g ) )S = 2 23 J /mol-K ; FeCl2( s ) )H = -342 kJ/mo l, )S = 1 18 J /mol-K . (A) no. (B) only if you cool it down below liquid nitrogen temperatures. (C) only if you heat it up to boiling water temperature s. (D) only if you a dd a catalyst. (E ) it alread y is spontaneous at room temperature. 15-[18z]. Which, when dissolved in water, exhibits a endothermic solution process? (A) MgSO 4. (B) NH 4NO 3. (C) NaCl. (D) sucrose. 16-[18z]. W hich is true? (A) All spontaneous solutions are exothermic: (B) all spontaneous solutions are endothermic. (C) most spontaneous solutions are exothermic. (D) most spontaneous solutions are endothermic.

17-[18z]. A process is exothermic when: (A) )G is positive. (B) )G is negative. (C) )H is positive. (D) )H is negative. (E) )S is positive. (F) )S is negative. 18-[1 8z]. A process is spontaneous when: (A) the free ene rgy change is positive. (B ) the free energy chang e is negative. (C) the enthalpy change is positive. (D) the enthalpy change is negative. (E) the entropy change is positive. (F) the entropy change is negative. 19-[18z]. An example of a process that is simultaneously endothermic and spontaneous is: (A) respiration. (B) pho tosynthesis. (C) d issolution of am monium salt in water. (D ) explosion of dyna mite. (E ) neutralization o f acid with base. (F) hydrogenation of fatty acids. 20-[18z].What is the standard enthalpy of formation of graphite (carbon) at 25 /C? (A) positive. (B) negative. (C) zero. 21-[18z] The standard entropy of formation would be greatest for a: (A) gas. (B) liquid. (C) solid. 22-[18z]. For the reaction CO(g ) + O 2( g ) CO 2( g ), the entropy: (A) increases. (B) decreases. (C) stays the same. 23-[1 8z]. " The entro py of a pure crystalline substance at ab solute zero is zero." This is known as the: (A) first law of therm odynamics. (B) second law of therm odynamics. (C) third law of thermodynamics. (C ) fourth law of thermodynamics. 24-[18z]. W hen )G for a chemical reaction is negative, then: (A) K eq is negative. (B) K eq is less than 1. (C) K eq is greater than 1. (D) )H is negative. 25-[1 8z]. W hen a system b ecomes m ore d isordered, then: (A) enthalpy increases. (B) enthalpy decreases. (C) entropy increases. (D) entropy decreases. 26-[1 8z]. W hen two gases are mixed together, the entro py: (A) increases. (B) decreases. (C) remains the same. 27-[1 8z]. In water, hydrogen bonding: (A) increases the entrop y. (B) d ecrea ses the entrop y. 28-[1 8z]. F rom values o f )H f and )S f, calculate the temperature ( / C) at which the process CaCO 3( s ) CaO(s ) + CO 2( g ) become s spontaneo us. (A) 101. (B) 434. (C) 837. (D) 1023. (E) 1790. (F) 2300. 29-[18z]. Calculate )G (in kJ) for the reaction Mg( s ) + O 2( g ) MgO(s ) at 25 /C. (A) -569.5. (B) -634.1. (C) -601.8. (D) -666.4. (E) -537.2. 30-[18 z]. A process cannot be sp ontaneous if: (A) enthalpy is positive and entropy is negative. (B) enthalpy is positive and entropy is positive. (C) enthalpy is negative and entropy is positive. (D) enthalpy is negative and entropy is negative. (E) the temperature is below 0 C elsius. 31-[18 z]. W hich of these is not a spontaneous process? (A) photosynthesis. (B) When a piece of metal at 140/C is placed in water at 40/C, heat flows fro m the m etal to the water and the water gets hotter. (C) A bottle o f methane is opened and the gas mixes throughout the atmosphere of the room. (D) salt dissolves in water. (E) Ice melts at 10/C. 32-[18z]. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that: (A) heat is conserved. (B) all processes must be spontaneous. (C) enthalpy is conserved. (D) entropy is conserved. (E) processes tend toward disorder. 33-[1 8z]. W hich has the greatest incre ase in en tropy? (A) 1 g of ice is warm ed by 1 /. (B) 1 g of ice is melted. (C) 1 g of water is warmed by 1 /. (D) 1 g o f water freezes. (E) 1 g of water evap orates.

34-[18z]. For the following reaction, CaCO 3( s ) CaO(s ) + CO 2( g ), (A) a catalyst must be used. (B ) equilibrium is impossible. (C ) entropy rem ains the same. (D ) entropy increases. (E) entrop y decreases. 35-[18z]. A spontaneous process is defined as one where: (A) entropy decreases. (B) enthalpy increases. (C) enthalpy decreases. (D) free energy decre ases. (E) free energ y increases. 36-[1 8z]. W hich is zero? (A) the entrop y of an element at 0 /C. (B ) the stand ard enthalpy of form ation o f a compo und. (C) the entropy of a substance at absolute zero. (D) the free energy for a spontaneous process. (E) the enthalpy for an exo thermic pro cess. 37-[18z]. W hen an equilibrium is established for a process, then: (A) )H for the process must be zero. (B) )G for the process must be zero. (C) )S for the process must be zero. (D) )G for the process must be positive. (E) )G for the process must be negative. 38-[1 8z]. W hen a liq uid evapo rates, such as freo n or sweat, the p rocess is: (A) ac com panied by decreased entrop y. (B) endothermic. (C) exothermic. (D) an oxidation. (E) a chemical change. 39-[18z]. Calculate )G at 25/C (in kJ) for the process (A) +139. (B) -312. (C) -36. (D) -567. (E) +256. SiCl4( g ) + 2 M g( s ) 2MgCl2( s ) + Si( s ).

40-[18z]. At what temperature in /C would the reaction C( graphite ) C( diamond ) be spontaneous? (A) 1502. (B) 6704. (C) never. (D) at all temperatures. (E) 290. (F) 563. 41-[1 8z]. U se therm odynamic equa tions to calculate the bo iling point ( /C) of methyl alcohol. (A) +100. (B) 121. (C) -4. (D) +19. (E) +64. (F) +78. 42-[18z]. The entropy for the reaction C 2H 2( g ) + 2H 2( g ) C 2H 6( g ) is: (A) always negative. (B) either positive or negative, depending on the temperature. (C) always positive. (D) zero. 43-[18z]. Which of the following experiences an decrease of entropy? (A) sugar crystals precipitate from a solution of sugar-water. (B) fragrance of perfume spreading through a room. (C) sugar dissolving in water. (D) evaporating gasoline. (E) hot and cold water mixing to form room temperature water. 44-[18z]. The first law of thermodynamics tells us that (A) Spontaneous processes have a negative free energy. (B) Equilibrium reactio ns have zero free ene rgy. (C) the entro py of a perfect crystal at 0 /K is zero. (D) Processes tend toward disorder. (E) Energy is conserved. 45-[18z]. What process is spontaneous at low temperatures but nonspontaneous at higher temperatures? (A) 3O 2( g ) 2O 3( g ). (B) 2O 3( g ) 3O 2( g ). (C) H 2O( l) H 2O( g ). (D) H 2O( g ) H 2O( l). 46-[18z]. Calculate )G (in kJ) for the reaction Mg( s ) + O 2( g ) MgO(s ) at 300 /K. (A) -813. (B) -1256. (C) -481. (D) -540. (E) -707. (F) -569. 47-[18z]. For the reaction Mg( s ) + O 2( g ) MgO(s ) at 300 / K, the reaction at 500 /C is: (A) nonspontaneous and endothermic. (B) nonspontaneous and exothermic. (C) spontaneous and endothermic. (D) spontaneous and exothermic. 48-[18z]. The two reactions Cu 2S( s ) 2Cu( s ) + S(s ), and S(s ) + O 2( g ) SO 2( g ), can b e cou pled to pro duce metallic copper in a spontaneous process. In an analogous fashion, the combusion of glucose can be coupled with the ADP/ATP reaction to convert ADP to the more highly reactive ATP. Which two reactions are nonspontaneous? (A) 2Cu( s ) + S(s ) Cu 2S( s ), and ATP AD P. (B) 2Cu( s ) + S(s ) Cu 2S( s ), and ADP AT P. (C) Cu 2S( s ) 2Cu( s ) + S(s ), and ATP AD P. (D) Cu2S( s ) 2Cu( s ) + S(s ), and ADP ATP.

49-[1 8z]. F or the fo llowing reactio n, calculate the free energy )G (in kJ) at 25 / C. N 2( g ) + 3H 2( g ) 2NH 3( g ). (A) -92.4. (B) +92.4. (C) -59.9. (D) +59.9. (E) -32.5. (F) +32.5. 50-[1 8z]. F or the fo llowing reactio n, )H is -249 kJ and )S is -278 J/K . Calcu late the free energy )G (in kJ) for the following process at 25/ C. N 2( g ) + 3F 2( g ) 2NF 3( g ). (A) -166. (B) +166. (C) -249. (D) +249. (E) -82.8. (F) +82.8. (G) +82595. 51-[18z]. The reaction Mg(OH) 2( s ) MgO(s ) + H 2O( g ) is nonspontaneous at room temperature, but only barely so, with a )G o f +35 kJ. Not kno wing the value o f )H and )S for this reaction, nevertheless yo u shou ld be able to pred ict how to make the re action spontaneo us. You sho uld: (A) decrease the temperature. (B) increase the pressure. (C) increase the amount of Mg(OH) 2. (D) increase the temperature. (E) add a strong acid. (F) add elemental magnesium. 52-[1 8z]. A reactio n will be sp ontaneous at all temp erature s when: (A) b oth the enthalp y and entrop y are positive; (B ) both the enthalpy and entropy are negative; (C ) the enthalpy is positive and the entropy is negative; (D) the enthalpy is negative and the entropy is positive. 53-[18z]. Calculate )Hf (in kJ) for BaSO 4( s ), at 25/C., knowing that the )H for the reaction of barium oxide(s ) with sulfuric acid(l) to form barium sulfate( s ) and liquid water is -39 1 kJ. (A) -348; (B) -1472; (C) -673; (D) -953; (E) -230; (F) -1088. 54-[18 z]. For which is )G = 0? (A) B oiling wa ter at 0 /C; (B) A reaction where both the enthalpy change is negative and the entropy change is positive; (C) an equilibrium reaction where K = 1; (D) a fresh b attery; (E) photosynthesis; (G) combustion of wood. 55-[18z]. The process of freezing water ice involves: (A) positive enthalpy change; (B) negative enthalpy change; (C) the value of the enthalpy change depends on the temperature. 56-[18z]. The pro cess of melting ice involves: (A) positive enthalpy change; (B) negative enthalpy change; (C) the value of the enthalpy change depends on the temperature. 57-[1 8z]. W hen is entropy of a sub stance zero? (A) At 0 /C; (B) at -273 /C; (C) for an element at 25/C; (D) when equilibrium is reached; (E) a zero-order reaction; (F) for any solid. 58-[18 z]. W hich does not involve an increase in entropy? (A) the evaporation of water; (B) salt dissolving in water; (C) wood b urning; (D) mixing alcohol and water; (E) the reaction where hydrogen burns in oxygen to form water. 59-[18z]. At what temperature does photosynthesis become spontaneous? (A) never. (B) at all temperatures. (C) -45 /. (D) 187 /C. (E) 340 /. (F) 789 /. (G) 923 /. 60-[18z]. We mix a solution of lead nitrate and sodium sulfide and immediately copious amounts of lead sulfide precipitate out. Since obviously this process is spontaneous, we are able to conclude for the process PbS(aq ) PbS( s ) that: (A) )S must be positive. (B) )S is negative and )H is positive. (C) )S is negative and )H must be negative as well. (D) fundamental thermodynamic equations do not apply. (E) the second law of thermodynamics does no t apply in solutions. 61-[18z]. For H 2O( l) H 2O( s ), (A) )H and )S are both positive. (B) )H and )S are both negative. (C) )H is positive and )S is negative. (D) )H is negative and )S is positive. 62-[1 8z]. E stimate the boiling point for H Cl( l), given that )H vap = 16.13 kJ/mol and )Svap = 85 .77 J/mol-K . (A) -272 /C. (B) -188 /C. (C) -85/C. (D) 26/C. (E) 0 /C. (F) +100 /C. (G) +188/C. 63-[18z]. Use the equation )G = -RT lnK eq and thermodynamic data to calculate K eq for the reaction H 2( g ) + Br 2( g ) 2HB r( g ) at 25 /C. (A) 1 x 10 -9. (B) 1 x 10 -4. (C) 1. (D) 1 x 10 4. (E) 1 x 10 9. (F) 1 x 1014. (G) 1 x 10 19.

64-[18z]. Use the equation )G = -RT lnK eq and thermodynamic data to calculate K eq for the reaction 2NO 2( g ) N 2O 4( g ) at 25 / C. (A) 0.086. (B) 0.086. (C) 8.6. (D) 86. (E) 860. (F) 8600. 65-[18z]. Frozen N 2O 4 is colorless. As it heats up, a samp le of N 2O 4 melts and then becomes a vapor, and becomes increasingly dark with a re d-bro wn co lor. W hat is hap pening? (A ) The emission sp ectrum of N 2O 4 begins as it melts. (B) N 2O 4 reacts with the glass container to form colored silicates. (C) N 2O 4 begins to dissociate into NO 2, which is colored. (D ) The con jugate acid o f N 2O 4 is red-brown. (E) K inetic-mo lecular theory e xplains how electro nic transitions begin in N 2O 4 in the gas phase. ****************************************************************************** CHA PT ER 19 - Electrochemistry and Its Applications 01-[1 9z]. W hat is the ca thode of a silver-nickel b attery? (A) silver. (B) nickel. 02-[1 9z]. W hat is oxidized in a silver-nickel battery? (A ) silver. (B ) nickel. 03-[19z]. What is the voltage of a silver-nickel battery? (A) 1.08. (B) 0.80. (C) 0.28. (D) 0.52. 04-[19z]. Which would be the best choice for a sacrificial anode? (A) gaseous chlorine. (B) zinc. (C) silver. (D) nickel. (D) ozone. (E) copper. 05-[19z]. What is the voltage of the reaction used in car batteries, PbO 2 + Pb + 2H 2SO 4 2PbSO 4 + 2H 2O? (A) 12.0 (B) 24.0. (C) 6.0. (D) 3.0. (E) 2.0. (F) 1.0. 06-[19z]. What substance is the cathode of an automobile battery? (A) Pb. (B) sulfuric acid. (C) PbO 2. (D) lead sulfate. (E) steel (the casing). 07-[19z]. An example of electrolysis is: (A) converting water to hydrogen and oxygen. (B) converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. (C) converting unburned fuel to carbon dioxide and water. (D) converting nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen 0 8-[1 9z ]. In th e reactio n M n +2 MnO 4-1, M n +2 is: (A) oxidized. (B) reduced. (C) neither. 09-[1 9z]. T he oxidation numb er of C l in ClO -1 is: (A) +1. (B) +2. (C) +3. (D) +4. (E) +5. (F) +6. (G) +7. 10-[19 z]. W hich reaction below is not a redox reaction? (A) Ba(OH) 2 + 2H Cl BaCl2 + H 2O (B) I 2O 5 + 5CO I 2 + 5CO 2 (C) Fe Fe +3 (D) H 2O 2 + C 2H 4 H 2O + C 2H 4O 11-[19z]. W hich metal is used to coat galvanized iron? (A) Zn. (B) Al. (C) Cr. (D) Ni. (E) Ti. (F) Pt. (G) Au. 12-[19z]. What is the voltage of a Li-Cd battery? (A) 3.05. (B) 3.45. (C) 2.65. (D) 2.10. (E) 1.60. 13-[19z]. W hich is the anode of a Li-Cd battery? (A) lithium. (B) cadmium. (C) salt bridge. (D) voltmeter. 14-[19z]. W hich electrode is oxidized in a Li-Cd battery? (A) lithium. (B) cadmium. (C) salt bridge. 15-[19z]. Gold will react chemically with (A) oxygen. (B) chlorine. (C) ozone. (D) iodine. 16-[19z]. What metal (element) is the anode of an ordinary alkaline battery? (A) manganese. (B) iron. (C) zinc. (D) nickel. (E) silver. (F) sodium.

17-[19z]. Stainless steel is a mixture of iron and what else? (A) zinc and nickel. (B) nickel and chromium. (C) titanium and zirconium. (D) cobalt and manganese. (E) vanadium and scandium. (F) niobium and co pper. 18-[19z]. Electrolysis of molten lithium bromide will give (A) water and salt. (B) elemental lithium and elemental bromine. (C) lithium bromate. (D) lithium batteries. (E) crystalline lithium bromide. 19-[19z]. In which will you observe a reaction? (A) a piece of silver in a solution of AuCl3. (B) a piece of gold in a solution of AgNO3. (C) a piece of silver in a solution of AgNO3. (D) a piece of gold in a solution of AuCl3. 20-[19z]. For the reaction H 2SO 3 SO 4-2, sulfur is (A) oxidizied. (B) reduced. 21-[19z] For the reaction O 2 OH -1 , oxygen is (A) oxidized. (B) reduced. 22-[19z]. For the reaction Fe Fe(OH)3 , iron is (A) oxidized. (B ) reduced. 23-[19z]. Fe 2O 3!xH 2O is better kno wn as: (A) galvanized iron. (B) stainless steel. (C) rust. (D) acid-base indicator. (E) paint. (F) sacrificial anode. 24-[19z]. The most promising fuel cell utilizes the reaction of what? (A) silver and copper. (B) iron and zinc. (C) hydrogen and oxygen. (D) oxygen and zinc. (E) chlorine and sodium. (F) nitrate and sodium. (G) benzene and hydrogen. 25-[19z]. In the rusting of iron, iron serves as (A) a cathode. (B) an anode. (C) a salt bridge. 26-[1 9z] T he H all-Hroult process is used for pro ducing: (A) liquid oxygen. (B) liquid nitrogen. (C) iron. (D) copper. (E) aluminum. (F) magnesium. 27-[1 9z]. A ll of the following are redox except: (A) combustion. (B) fermentation. (C) acid-base reactions. (D) corrosion. (E) operating fuel cell. (F) electroplating. 28-[19z]. Gold will react with which of the following? (A) H +1. (B) H 2O 2. (C) O 2. (D) Cl2. (E) HF. (F) CaCl2. 29-[19z]. Make a battery using aluminum and cadmium as the electrodes. What is the standard voltage? (A) 3.45. (B) 2.65. (C) 1.26. (D) 2.06. 30-[19z]. In the battery immediately above, (A) cadmium is the cathode and is oxidized. (B) cadmium is the anode and is oxidized. (C) aluminum is the cathode and is oxidized. (D) aluminum is the anode and is oxidized. 31-[19z]. Which could not be used as a sacrificial anode for steel? (A) tin. (B) zinc. (C) aluminum. (D) magnesium. (E) barium. 32-[19z]. What voltage would you need to produce hydrogen peroxide from water and oxygen? (A) 0.55. (B) 1.91. (C) 3.15. (D) 2.45. 33-[19z]. W hy is the standard reduction potential of protons = 0? (A) H + has the same electronegativity as carbon, which cannot be oxidized. (B) H has the smallest atomic number. (C) H 2 cannot be produced by electrolysis. (D) H + was chosen arbitrarily because it s the simplest reductant chemically. (E) H + cannot be reduced. 34-[1 9z]. T he N ernst eq uation tells us that the voltage in a battery will change if: (A) the size of the electrode is reduced. (B) the wires are changed from copper to silver. (C) an electrode is wiggled. (D) the anode is oxidized. (E) the concentration of an electrolyte is changed. 35-[19 z]. If you pass a current through an aqueous solution o f sodium chloride, one of the substances pro duced is (A) hydrogen gas. (B) metallic sodium. (C) sodium perchlorate.

36-[19z]. Which kind of battery uses zinc and manganese oxide as the electrodes? (A) car battery. (B) alkaline battery. (C ) lithium battery. (D ) fuel cell. (E ) salt brid ge. (F) sacrificial b attery. 37-[19z]. In the reaction H 2S + HNO3 S + NO + H 2O, what is oxidized? (A) NO. (B) HNO 3. (C) H 2S. (D) elemental S. 38-[19z]. In a solution of AgNO3 a copper penny is inserted. Over a period of a few minutes, metallic silver precipitates. W hat is the oxidizing agent? (A) metallic Ag. (B) H +1. (C) NO 3-1. (D) metallic Cu. (E) Ag +1. (F) Cu+2. 39-[19z]. W hat is the oxidation number of I in H 5IO 6? (A) +7. (B) +9. (C) +1. (D) +3. (E) +5. 40-[19z]. Calculate the voltage of a lithium-copper battery. (A) 3.39. (B) 3.05. (C) 0.34. (D) 2.71. (E) 1.45. 41-[1 9z]. M ake a battery using silver a nd ca dmium. T he silver is: (A) the a node and is oxidized. (B ) the ano de an d is reduced. (C) the cathode and is oxidized. (D) the cathode and is reduced. 42-[19z]. Of the following, which is the strongest oxidizing agent? (A) Cl2. (B) Cd +2. (C) Li+. (D) H 2O. (E) I 2. 43-[19z]. Of the following, which is the strongest reducing agent? (A) Br 2. (B) Cd +2. (C) Al+3. (D) Li. (E) Zn. (F) H 2O. (E) F 2. 44-[1 9z]. R eact so dium with water to form hydro gen ga s and sodium hydroxid e. W hat is the oxidizing agent in this reaction? (A) sodium. (B) hydrogen gas. (C) H +. (D) hydroxide. (E) oxygen. 45-[1 9z]. T he elec trolysis of water req uires a m inimum of at least how m any volts? M ore tha n: (A) 0.00. (B) 0.56. (C) 1.23. (D) 2.45. (E) 3.05. (F) 4.15. 46-[19z]. What could be used as a sacrificial anode for a steel pipe? (A) copper. (B) ma gnesium chloride. (C) silver. (D) zinc. (E) chlorine. (F) oxygen. (G) water. 47-[1 9z]. W hat is the oxidatio n number o f Cl in NaClO 4? (A) -1. (B) +1. (C) +2. (D) +3. (E) +4. (F) +5. (G) +6. (H) +7. 48-[19z]. W hich would react with gold? (A) elemental oxygen. (B) water. (C) elemental iodine. (D) elemental fluorine. (E) silver ions (Ag+). (F) hyd rogen gas. (G ) 6 M HC l. 49-[19z]. For the unbalanced redox reaction Ag 2S + NO3-1 Ag +1 + S + NO, what is the balanced reduction half-reaction? (A) Ag 2S 2Ag +1 + S + 2e -1 (B) S -2 S + 2e -1 (C) NO 3-1 + 4H +1 + 3e -1 NO + 2H 2O (D) 2H +1 + 2e -1 H 2 (E) NO 3-1 + 2H +1 + e -1 NO + 2OH-1

50-[19z] For the unbalanced redox reaction Ag 2S + NO3-1 Ag +1 + S + NO, what is the balanced oxidation half-reaction? (A) Ag 2S 2Ag +1 + S + 2e -1 (B) S -2 S + 2e -1 (C) NO 3-1 + 4H +1 + 3e -1 NO + 2H 2O (D) 2H +1 + 2e -1 H 2 (E) NO 3-1 + 2H +1 + e -1 NO + 2OH-1 51-[19z]. For the unbalanced redox reaction Cl2 ClO 4-1 + Cl-1, what is the balanced oxidation half-reaction?

(A) Cl2 + 2e -1 Cl-1 (B) Cl2 + 4O 2 + 2e -1 2ClO -1 (C) Cl2 + 8H 2O 2ClO 4-1 + 16H +1 + 14e -1 (D) Cl2 + 2H +1 + 4 e -1 2H 2 + 2Cl-1 (E) 2Cl2 + 8OH -1 2ClO 4-1 + 2Cl-1 + 8e -1

52-[19z]. For the unbalanced redox reaction Cl2 ClO 4-1 + Cl-1, what is the balanced reduction half-reaction? (A) Cl2 + 2e -1 2 Cl-1 (B) Cl2 + 4O 2 + 2e -1 2ClO -1 (C) Cl2 + 8H 2O 2ClO 4-1 + 16H +1 + 14e -1 (D) Cl2 + 2H +1 + 4 e -1 2H 2 + 2Cl-1 (E) 2Cl2 + 8OH -1 2ClO 4-1 + 2Cl-1 + 8e -1 53-[19z]. For the unbalanced redox reaction Pb(NO 3) 2 PbO + NO 2 + O 2, what is the balanced reduction half-reaction? (A) 2H +1 + NO 3-1 + e -1 NO 2 + H 2O (B) 2H +1 + PbO + 2e -1 Pb + H 2O (C) 2H 2O O 2 + 4H +1 + 4e -1 (D) Pb +2 + H 2O PbO + 2H +1 (E) Pb(NO 3) 2 3O 2 + 3N 2 + Pb 54-[19z]. For the unbalanced redox reaction Pb(NO 3) 2 PbO + NO 2 + O 2, what is the balanced oxidation half-reaction? (A) 2H +1 + NO 3-1 + e -1 NO 2 + H 2O (B) 2H +1 + PbO + 2e -1 Pb + H 2O (C) 2H 2O O 2 + 4H +1 + 4e -1 (D) Pb +2 + H 2O PbO + 2H +1 (E) Pb(NO 3) 2 3O 2 + 3N 2 + Pb 55-[19z]. W hen the following reaction is balanced, what is the coefficient in front of the MnO 4-1? MnO 4-1 + SO 2 + H 2O M n +2 + SO 4-2 + H +1 (A) 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (E) 5. 56-[19z]. When the following reaction is balanced, what is the coefficient in front of the SO 2? MnO 4-1 + SO 2 + H 2O M n +2 + SO 4-2 + H +1 (A) 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (E) 5. 57-[19z]. In the equation SO3-2 + Br2 + H 2O SO 4-2 + 2Br-1 + 2H +1, what is the oxidizing agent? (A) SO 3-2. (B) Br2. (C) H 2O. (D) O 2. (E) H +1. 58-[19z]. In the equation SO3-2 + Br2 + H 2O SO 4-2 + 2Br-1 + 2H +1, what is the reducing agent? (A) SO 3-2. (B) Br2. (C) H 2O. (D) O 2. (E) H +1. 59-[19z]. In the equation SO3-2 + Br2 + H 2O SO 4-2 + 2Br-1 + 2H +1, what is oxidized? (A) SO 3-2. (B) Br2. (C) H 2O. (D) O 2. (E) H +1. 60-[19z]. In the equation SO3-2 + Br2 + H 2O SO 4-2 + 2Br-1 + 2H +1, what is reduced? (A) SO 3-2. (B) Br2. (C) H 2O. (D) O 2. (E) H +1. 61-[19z]. The standard reduction potentials can be used to calculate the emf (voltage) of a cell under "standard conditions," which means (A) a cell with external voltage applied. (B) all concentrations of electrolytes are 1 M. (C) only platinum electrodes are used for both cathodes and anodes. (D) the voltage is compared with a standard

hydrogen electrode (SHE), whose voltage is defined as 1.000 volt. (E) the reaction is performed in a vacuum. 62-[19z]. Balance the reaction MnO 4-2 MnO 4-1 + M nO 2 63-[19z]. Balance the reaction MnO 4-1 + Fe +2 M n +2 + Fe +3 ****************************************************************************** CHA PT ER 20 - Nuclear Chemistry 01-[20z]. Plutonium, produced by the usual process from U-238, has a mass of what? (A) 241. (B) 240. (C) 239. (D) 238. (E) 237. (F) 236. (G) 235. 02-[20z]. If a sample of fresh carbon-14 gives 820 counts per minute, and a relic of an equivalent sample gives 14 counts per minute, how old is the relic (in years)? (A) 3 4,00 0. (B ) 30,000 . (C) 26,00 0. (D ) 22,000 . (E) 18,00 0. (F) 14,0 00. (G ) 10,000 . (H) 6 ,000 . 03-[20z]. W here is carbon-14 formed? (A) the upper atmosphere. (B) chimneys. (C) volcanoes. (D) deep in the ocean. (E ) the center of the earth. (F) the G ulf Stream in the Atlantic Oc ean. (G) nu clear pow er plants. (H) co mets. 04-[20z]. Which can be used in the atomic bomb? (A) U-238. (B) U-235. (C) Th-234. (D) radium. 05-[20z]. Which is not a transuranium element? (A) plutonium. (B) curium. (C) mendelevium. (D) fermium. (E) ytterbium. 06-[20z]. W hich will be stopped by a thin tissue paper? (A) " - particle. (B) $ - particle. (C) ( - particle. 07-[20z]. Deuterium reacts with helium-3 to produce helium-4 and (A) 1H 1. (B) 1H 2. (C) 1H 3. (D) 2He 3. (E) 3Li6. 08-[20z] Which would have the shortest half-life? (A) lead. (B) meitnerium. (C) einsteinium. (D) radium. (E) uranium. 09-[2 0z]. W hat is the m ost common element in the unive rse. (A) oxygen. (B) iron. (C) hydrogen. (D) helium. (E) nitrogen. (F) carbon. 10-[20z]. What produces radon? (A) uranium. (B) radium. (C) thorium. (D) plutonium. (E) bismuth. (F) lead. 11-[20z]. In the upper atmosphere, a neutron reacts with nitrogen-14 to produce 14C and what else? (A) helium nucleus. (B) electron. (C) pro ton. (D) deuterium nucleus. (E) tritium nucleus. (F) lithium-6 nucleus. 12-[20z]. Cosmic rays react in the upper atmosphere to prod uce a neutron, which then reacts with 14N to eject a proton and prod uce else? (A) 13N. (B) 13C. (C) 14C. (D) 15O. (E) 17O. 13-[20z]. Aluminum-27 reacts with a neutron to form helium (normal isotope) and one other particle. What is the other particle? (A) neon-20. (B) aluminum-25. (C) fluorine-20. (D) sodium-24. (E) sodium-23. (F) magnesium-24. 14-[20z]. Radium is the daughter product of (A) uranium. (B) thorium. (C) actinium. (D) radon. (E) polonium. (F) protactinium. (G) americium. 15-[20z]. Scandium-43 spontaneously decays to form hydrogen (normal isotope) and what else? (A) helium (normal isotope). (B) an electron. (C) a neutron. (D) a rarer isotope of calcium. (E) the normal isotope of calcium. (F) a rare isotope of titanium. (G) the normal isotope of titanium. 16-[20z]. What is the radioactive material in smoke detectors? (A) uranium. (B) thorium. (C) actinium. (D) radium.

(E) polonium. (F) protactinium. (G) americium. 17-[20z]. Which method is best for dating ancient Roman artifacts (2000 years old)? (A) carbon-14. (B) uranium-238. (C) potassium-40. (D) heavy water. (E) radium-224. 18-[20z]. W hat is an " - particle? (A) proton. (B) electron. (C) helium nucleus. (D) lithium nucleus. (E) neutron. (F) positron. (G) short-wave electromagnetic radiation. (H) long-wave electromagnetic radiation. 19-[20z]. W hat is a $ - particle? (A) proton. (B) electron. (C) helium nucleus. (D) lithium nucleus. (E) neutron. (F) positron. (G) short-wave electromagnetic radiation. (H) long-wave electromagnetic radiation. 20-[20z]. W hat is a ( - particle? (A) proton. (B) electron. (C) helium nucleus. (D) lithium nucleus. (E) neutron. (F) positron. (G) short-wave electromagnetic radiation. (H) long-wave electromagnetic radiation. 21-[20z]. Which is stopped by an inch of air? (A) " - particle. (B) $ - particle. (C) ( - particle. (D ) ultraviolet light. (E) infrared light. 22-[20z]. What is the most penetrating (will pass through more than an inch of steel? (A) " - particle. (B) $ - particle. (C) ( - particle. (D ) ultraviolet light. (E) infrared light. 23-[2 0z]. F inish the following equa tion.
118

Xe + -1e 0 ? (A)

118

I. (B)

118

Te. (C)

119

Sb. (D)

117

Cs. (E)

117

I. (F) 119I.

24-[20 z]. Carbo n-14 und ergoes $ - decay to produce what? (A) carbon-13. (B) carbon-12. (C) nitrogen-13. (D) nitrogen-14. (E) nitrogen-15. (F) oxygen-15. 25-[2 0z]. C omp lete the following reactio n. 239Pu + 4He 242Cm + ? (A) 1H. (B) 2H. (C) 3He. (D) 4He. (E) neutron. (F) proton. (G) electron. 26-[2 0z] P lutonium is prod uced by bo mba rding uranium -238 with neutrons. N eutron cap ture of 238U with subsequent ejection of an electron gives plutonium. W hich isotope is it? (A) 238Pu. (B) 239Pu. (C) 240Pu. (D) 241Pu. 27-[20 z] Uran ium-238 undergo es "-decay to produce what? (A) U-236. (B) U-234. (C) U-232. (D) Pa-236. (E) Pa-234. (F) Th-236. (G) Th-234. (H) Th-232. 28-[20 z]. Radio active decay proceeds via a (A) first order p rocess. (B ) second order p rocess. (C) ze ro order process. 29-[2 0z]. If the proton/neutron ratio is too low, to stabilize itself a nucleus may undergo: (A) " - decay. (B) $ - decay. (C) electron capture. (D) spontaneous fusion. (E) oxidation. 30-[20z]. For all elements with 84 protons or more, they are (A) oxidizing agents. (B) nonmetals. (C) radioactive. (D) easy to find. (E ) diatomic. (F) so urces of petro leum. (G) ha logens. 31-[20z]. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does a 3Li7 atom possess? (A) 7p, 3n, 4e. (B) 4p, 3n, 7e. (C) 3p, 3n, 4e. (D) 4p, 3n, 3e. (E) 3p, 4n, 3e. 32-[20z]. Which of the following particles cannot be accelerated in a cyclotron? (A) alpha. (B) beta. (C) proton. (D) neutron. (E) positron. 33-[20z]. W hich of the following reactions illustrates a nuclear process that occurs within a control rod in a nuclear reactor? (A) 1H 1 + 1H 1 1H 2 + 1e 0 (B) 4Be 9 + 1H 2 5B 10 + 0n 1 (C) -1e 0 + 47Ag 106 46Pd 106 (D) 4Be 9 + 2He 4 6C 12 + 0n 1 (E) 48Cd 113 + 0n 1 48Cd 114 + (

34-[20z]. A piece of wood from an ancient artifact has a carbon-14 activity of 11.7 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. Current carbon-14 activity in fresh samples is 15.3 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5714 years. Which statement is true? (A) The age o f the sample is 1270 years. (B) The rate constant for the decay is 1.21 x 104 yr. (C) The carbon-14 activity in the freshly cut sample is presumed to be different than in carbon dioxide in the air when do ing calculations involving carb on-14 dating. (D) The artifact could have been from the age of the Ptolemy dynasty in Egypt during the three centuries B.C. (0-300 B .C.). (E) Insufficient data exists to calculate the age of the artifact. 35-[20z]. W hich is not correct? (A) Radioactive isotopes exist for every element. (B) If one turns on a Geiger counter and places it in a normal home, absolutely no radiation will be detected. (C) There actually exists an element in the middle of the Periodic Table for which no stable isotopes can exist. (D) Supernovae create huge amounts of radiation. (E) Although Henri Becq uerel discovered radioactivity about 100 years ago, it was the Curies who gave "radioactivity" its name. 36-[20z]. How many stable isotopes of hydrogen are there? (A) zero. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (E) 4. 37-[20z]. All of the actinide elements are radioactive. (A) TRUE or (B) FALSE? ******************************************************************************