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High i h Voltage l Underground d d Cables C bl Overview of policies in Norway

Kj ll Rnningen, Kjell R i St t tt Statnett

Policy for using cables in the main grid grid. i i.e. e cables in the 300 and 420 kV system.

What is the situation in Norway today? Wh do Why d we have h this thi situation? it ti ?

Historic development Topography Generation system

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Electricity Electricity shall be available for all inhabitants, regardless dl where h they live.

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Power generation: g Hydropower Generation plants close to the waterfalls/ water reservoirs Power plants are built in large halls inside the mountains

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T Topography h

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C bl policy Cable li A As built b ilt


Since the last world war war, cables has been used in the main grid for the following reasons:

To transport power from the generator/transformer to switchyard for further distribution with overhead lines.

First 245 kV cable was Vinstra, 1953

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Crossing fjords instead of building an overhead line around the fjord

Examples: Oslofjord crossings 300 kV i in 1959 420 kV in 1975 420 kV in 1980

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Connecting islands with the mainland mainland. Numerous cables Voltages g from 24 to 145 kV

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Power supply in large Cities

Examples: p Oslo Ring I: 1956, 300 kV, 600 mm: Smestad Sogn , route length approx 4,5 km Sogn Ulven, route length approx 7 km Oslo Ring 2: 300 kV kV, 2000 mm Sogn Ulven, route length approx 8 km, 1968 Smestad Sogn, g , route length g approx pp 5 km, , 1976

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There is a long history with cable lengths as part of the main grid. An underground cable is often a submarine cable

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1995 Environment as factor f t

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C bli policy Cabling li as built b ilt this thi decade d d

Using existing route for 145 kV overhead line when building new 420 kV overhead line.

Example: Orkdal valley New N 420 kV li line Klbu Kl b Viklandet Vikl d t

Used the existing route of the 145 kV Orkdal Trollheim when crossing Orkdal The 145 kV overhead line was installed as underground cable. New 420 kV overhead line built in the existing 145 kV transmission line route

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O kd l valley Orkdal ll

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SK4 The process to find the route on land in Norway


5 alternatives considered 3 alternatives investigated 1 alt. applied for concession

3 3
3 5

2 4

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k - Fardal rskog F d l

Different alternatives investigated Standal rskog:

420 kV overhead line 420 kV overhead line, new transformer station at Sykkylven, enabling removal
of 145 kV overhead line Standal Sykkylven rskog 420 kV submarine cable

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k - Fardal rskog F d l

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T i to Topics t be b considered id d
Reactive power: Power cables generate reactive power. To a certain extent, this is beneficial for the grid. However, as amount of reactive power increases, this has to be compensated by installing compensators. Impact on network as increasing amount of cable and compensators are installed Longest cable in the Norwegian grid is now Outer Oslofjord, approx 11,5 km, 420 kV, 2 cables per phase.

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Relability: The failure rate for cables are generally very low. The majority j y of cable failures are caused by y external impact p

Excavators, settlement in ground etc for underground cables Anchors and fishing gear for submarine cables

Repair time is relatively long compared with overhead line

Approx 2 weeks for underground cables Approx 2 6 months for submarine cables

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Conference Schedule

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