VERBAL TENSES

1. SIMPLE PRESENT Cum se formeaza? : VERB+ S (la persoana a IIIa singular) Exemplu: I clean, you clean, she/he cleans, we clean, you clean, they clean + ES in cazul verbelor care se termina in o, s, z, sh, ch, j sau zs Exemplu: she does, she kisses, it buzzes, she washes, she catches Cand se foloseste? Actiuni repetate, obisnuite (actiunea poate fi un obicei, un hobby) I always play tennis on Sunday. Generalizari, pentru a exprima ca un fapt e adevarat Cats like milk. Slatina is a town in Romania. The sun is a star. Evenimente programate in viitorul apropiat The party starts at 9 oclock. The plane leaves in 20 minutes. Actiuni care se petrec in prezent He wants a cup of tea. 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS Cum se formeaza? : verbul to be conjugat la timpul prezent (am, are, is) + verb+ing You are sleeping. Cand se foloseste? Pentru a exprima ca o actiune se petrece acum I am writing something on PC. Alina is learning English now. Pentru a exprima actiuni care se prelungesc pt o perioada mai mare de timp I am reading a science fiction book. I am studying in order to become a lawyer. Pentru a exprima ceva ce se va intampla sau nu in viitorul apropiat I am going to my uncle after work. Se foloseste impreuna cu adverbele : always/ constantly pentru a exprima ceva negativ She is always talking. I wish she could be silent for a moment. Atentie! Always se pune intre verbul to be si verbul terminat in ing.

3. SIMPLE PAST Cum se formeaza? : VERB + ED sau forme speciale pentru verbele neregulate

Cand se foloseste? Actiuni care au inceput si s-au terminat ( intr-un timp specificat sau nu) They went to cinema yesterday. I went to shopping. Pentru a enumera o serie de actiuni incheiate in trecut. He went to job, had dinner with his father, took a walk in the park and watched a movie at the cinema. Este folosit cu adverbe precum: or two years, for five minutes, all day, all year I listened to that song for 3 minutes. We sat at the beach all day. Pentru a descrie un obicei care a incetat in trecut. Se foloseste cu adverbe expresii precum: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger She often went in the park when she felt alone. She never stayed too much indoor. I studied English when I was a child. Pentru a descrie lucruri sau generalizari din trecut care in prezent nu mai sunt adevarate He was shy as a child but now he is very communicative.

4. PAST CONTINOUS Cum se formeaza? : was/were + verb+ing You were reading when she called. Cand se foloseste? Pentru a indica o actiune mai lunga din trecut care a fost intrerupta While we were having the picnic, it started to rain. Pentru a exprima doua actiuni care se petrec in acelasi timp While Maria was reading, Tom was watching TV. They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time. Pentru a reda o serie de actiuni paralele care descriu atmosfera din trecut When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service. Se foloseste alaturi de cuvinte precum: always, constantly pentru a exprima ca ceva negativ/irritant se petrecea in trecut She was always coming to class late. Se foloseste cu WHEN/WHILE I was studying when she called. While I was studying, she called.

5. PRESENT PERFECT Cum se formeaza? : has/have + past participle Cand se foloseste? Cand o actiune s-a petrecut intr-un timp nespecificat din trecut. Nu se foloseste cu expresii/adverbe precum: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day. Se foloseste cu expresii precum: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet I have seen that movie twenty times. I think I have met him once before. There have been many earthquakes in Romania. Pentru a descrie o experienta I have been to France. (This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.) I have been to France three times. (You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.) Pentru a vorbi despre schimbari care s-au petrecut intr-o perioada de timp My English has really improved since I moved to UK. You have grown since the last time I saw you. Pentru a exprima realizarile oamenilor/umanitatii. Nu se mentioneaza timpul specific. Man has walked on the Moon. Our son has learned how to read. Doctors have cured many deadly diseases. Scientists have split the atom. Pentru a spune ca o actiune pe care o asteptam sa se intample nu s-a intamplat. Dar asteptam in continuare sa se intample James has not finished his homework yet. Bill has still not arrived. Pentru a vorbi despre diferite actiuni care au aparut in trecut, procesul nu este incheiat mai multe actiuni pot urma The army has attacked that city five times. I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester. Pentru a exprima o actiune care a inceput in trecut si a continuat pana acum. Se foloseste cu expresii precum: for five minutes," "for two weeks, "since Tuesday" I have had a cold for two weeks. She has been in England for six months. Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl. 6. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Cum se formeaza?: has/have + been + present participle (verb in ing) Cand se foloseste?

Pentru a arata ca ceva a inceput in trecut si a continuat pana acum. Se poate folosi cu expresii precum: "for five minutes," "for two weeks," "since Tuesday" They have been talking for the last hour. She has been working at that company for three years. James has been teaching at the university since June. Impreuna cu RECENTLY/LATELY Recently, I have been feeling really tired. She has been watching too much television lately.

7. PAST PERFECT Cum se formeaza?: had + past participle Cand se foloseste? Pentru a exprima ideea ca ceva s-a intamplat inaintea altei actiuni din trecut. I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Barcelona. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. She only understood the movie because she had read the book. Pentru a exprima ca ceva a inceput in trecut si a continuat pana la o alta actiune din trecut. We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years. 8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOS Cum se formeaza?: had been + present participle (verb in ing) Cand se foloseste? Pentru a arata ca ceva a inceput in trecut si a continuat pana la un alt momentdat din trecut. They had been talking for over an hour before Toni arrived. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business. Pentru a arata cauza si efectul Jack was tired because he had been jogging. Sam gained weight because he had been overeating. 9. SIMPLE FUTURE Cum se formeaza? : will + VERB sau Am/is/are + going to + VERB Cand se foloseste? WILL pentru a exprima o actiune voluntara I will send you the information when I get it. I will translate the email, so Mr. Evgeny can read it.

WILL pentru a exprima o promisiune I will call you when I arrive. If I am elected President of Romania, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance. BE GOING TO pentru a exprima un plan realistic sau nu He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. I'm going to be an actor when I grow up. Michelle is going to begin medical school next year. WILL & TO BE GOING TO pentru a prezice ceva The year 2222 will be a very interesting year. The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year. John Smith will be the next President. John Smith is going to be the next President.

10. FUTURE CONTINUOS Cum se formeaza?: will be + present participle Am/is/are going to be + present participle Cand se foloseste? Pentru a indica ca o actiune din viitor va fi intrerupta de o actiune mai scurta din viitor I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight. I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives. Cand se foloseste un timp specific ca intrerupere Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner. (I will be in the process of eating dinner.) At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert. (We will be in the process of driving through the desert.) Pentru a exprima ca 2 actiuni se petrec in acelasi timp I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner. Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time. Pentru o serie de actiuni paralele care descriu atmosfera din viitor When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing. 11. FUTURE PERFECT Cum se formeaza? : will have + past participle am/is/are + going to have + past participle Cand se foloseste? Exprima ideea ca ceva se va intampla inaintea unei alte actiuni din viitor

By next November, I will have received my promotion. By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleaned the entire house. I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock. 12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOS Cum se formeaza? : will have been + present participle am/is/are + going to have been + present participle Cand se foloseste? Pentru a arata ca ceva va continua pana la un anumit timp/eveniment din viitor. Se foloseste cu expresii precum: "For five minutes," "for two weeks," si "since Friday" They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives. She is going to have been working at that company for three years when it finally closes. James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia. Pentru a arata cauza si efectul Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour.

13. FUTURE IN THE PAST Cum se formeaza?: would + VERB was/were + going to + VERB Cand se foloseste? Pentru a arata ca in trecut te-ai gandit ca ceva se va petrece in viitor I told you he was going to come to the party. - plan I knew Julie would make dinner. - voluntary action Jane said Sam was going to bring his sister with him, but he came alone. - plan I had a feeling that the vacation was going to be a disaster. - prediction He promised he would send a postcard from Egypt. promise