E- Waste Management

Current Status & Future Scenario

Confederation of Indian Industry

What is Waste?

There's no such thing as waste, just raw materials in the wrong place
Confederation of Indian Industry

Sale of Consumer Electronics in India

Source : Toxic link

All figures in million

Was US$29 bn in 2011

Expected to increase to US$55 bn by 2015,
Only nine out of 1,000 people in India own a computer

India has the worlds second largest mobile phone users

More than 929.37 million (as on May 2012)

Source : Business wire

Confederation of Indian Industry

What is the Lifetime?

Life time (Yrs)
58 58 5 4

Weight (Kg)
25 2-5 8 0.1

Life time (Yrs) 8

Weight (Kg) 30

10

45

500% growth over the next 10 years in computer waste in India alone
Confederation of Indian Industry

What is e-waste?

Confederation of Indian Industry

Growth of E Waste in India

Source: Ministry of Information & Communication Technology, Govt of India

Confederation of Indian Industry

E waste generation in India-Status

Statewise

Citywise

Source: Ministry of Information & Communication Technology, Govt of India

Confederation of Indian Industry

From Where they Come?

Confederation of Indian Industry

Where does E Waste come from?

E waste is generated by 3 major sectors in India
Individuals and Small Businesses
Large businesses, government and institutions Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs)

Confederation of Indian Industry

Composition and Hazards

Confederation of Indian Industry

Composition of Electronic Equipment

Modern electronics : 60 different elements
Valuable / Hazardous / Both

Mobile phones and PC manufacturing consume

3% of the gold and silver mined worldwide each year; 13 % of the palladium 15 % of cobalt

CO2 emissions : Mining and production of copper and precious and rare metals
23 million tones
0.1% of global emissions Not including emissions linked to steel, nickel or aluminum, nor those linked to manufacturing the devices)

Confederation of Indian Industry

Some metals present

Confederation of Indian Industry

E Waste is non hazardous

If Stored in Safe Storage

Recycled by scientific methods

Transported from one place to the other in totality in the formal sector

The e-waste can, however, be considered hazardous if recycled by primitive methods

Confederation of Indian Industry

Human Hazards from E Waste

Source: Research Journal of Chemical Sciences Vol. 1(9), 49-56, Dec. (2011)

Confederation of Indian Industry

What can be recovered from E Waste?? An example

Recycling 10 lac cell phones can recover 24 kg of gold,

250 kg of silver,
9 kg of palladium, more than 9,000 kg of copper
Confederation of Indian Industry

Recycling of Mobile Phone in Karnataka: An Example

Total household in Karnataka: 13.17 million (as on 2011

data)
No. of mobile phone users: 7.4 million If 50% of the mobile phone used is recycled

scientifically, possible recovery of;

89.35 Kg of Gold 930.831 kg of Silver 29.78 kg of Palladium, and 33,510 kg of Copper

Approximate Saving of US$ 8 million!

Confederation of Indian Industry

E Waste Disposal in India

Confederation of Indian Industry

E- Waste Flow in the Society: Ideal Situation

E Waste Collection Renovation Reuse

Recycling

Dismantling
Segregation Recycling & Recovery
Metal

Plastic Confederation of Indian Industry

Glass

Whats Happening?
e-Waste Generated

Business (25%)

Consumers (75%)

Formal (40%)

Informal (60%)
Confederation of Indian Industry

Informal (100%)

Where does it go?

Storage

Landfill and incineration

Reuse Unorganized recyclers (Major portion)

Authorized recyclers (Minor portion)

Producer take back ( very limited)
Confederation of Indian Industry

What Happens in Unorganized sector?

Confederation of Indian Industry

Landfill Hazards
Leaking landfills Leaching in soil and groundwater
Also prevalent in unorganized sector

Chemical reactions
Vaporization

Uncontrolled fires
Confederation of Indian Industry

Incineration Hazards
Dioxin formation Heavy metal contamination Contaminated slag, fly ash and flue gases Health and Safety Hazards

Happens in mostly in unorganized sector to recover metals

Confederation of Indian Industry

E Waste Recycling

Confederation of Indian Industry

Why Recycle?
Saves valuable finite natural mineral resources

Reduces a waste disposal problem

How do store the waste?

More costs!

It is less expensive than mining the original ore and extracting the metal,
Less energy used overall, Cost less money Confederation of Indian Industry

Recycling Informal Sector

Recycling Operations are mostly illegal operations engage in:

Dismantling Sale of dismantled parts Recovery of resources Export of processed waste for precious metal recovery
Informal sector widespread Have active and efficient network Labor intensive - cheap labour Livelihood Manual dismantling no machines required (energy saving)

Concerns (Positive)

Confederation of Indian Industry

Recycling Informal Sector

Concerns (Negative)
High-risk backyard operation Adverse impact on environment and health Environmental hazard - Inefficient and polluting technologies used for material recovery - crude methods Health hazards - Operations in small congested unsafe

areas occupational
Loss of resources - inefficient processes Social Impacts - vulnerable social groups- Women,

children and immigrant laborers

Confederation of Indian Industry

Recycling-Formal sector

Confederation of Indian Industry

E Waste processing in Formal Sector

Source : Parisara ENVIS News Letter Vol. 3 No. 1 April 2007

Confederation of Indian Industry

E-Waste Processing in Formal SectorAn Example

Umicore, Belgium
State-of-the art Metal Recycling Facility
Integrated smelting process-combination of several metallurgical & chemical process
Recovery of 17 different metals Spread across 116 hectares, with annual capacity to treat 3,00,00 tons of metal/ year

The facility operates almost Zero Discharge Status

E-scrap < 1% of the feed finally goes in to controlled depot The plastics in the e-waste are more than sufficient Confederation of Indian Industry

Indian Context
Informal Collection System: Proposed Future Scenario
Door-to-Door Small offices, shops

Big offices, hotels, hospitals, companies

Manufacturers

Informal Sector

Formalizing

Formal Sector

Collection

Collection Segregation Dismantling Repair

Collection Dismantling Recycling

Segregation
Dismantling

Repair
Source: GIZ

Recycling

Confederation of Indian Industry

Legislation

Confederation of Indian Industry

Existing Legislation-Waste Management

The National Environmental Policy 2006
The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986

The Hazardous Waste (Management,

Handling & Transboundary Movement)

Rule, 2008
E waste (Management and Handling)

Rules 2011 effective May, 2012

Confederation of Indian Industry

 Confederation of Indian Industry