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1988 B Enthalpy of Absolute Combustion, H Entropy, S Substance (kiloJoules/mol) (Joules/mol-K) C(s) -393.5 5.740 H2(g) -285.8 130.6 C2H5OH(l) -1366.7 160.7 H2O(l) -69.91 Write a separate, balanced chemical equation for the combustion of each of the following: C (s), H2(g), and C2H5OH(l). Consider the only products to be CO2 and/or H2O(l). In principle, ethanol can be prepared by the following reaction: 2 C(s) + 2 H2(g) + H2O(l) C2H5OH(l) Calculate the standard enthalpy change, H, for the preparation of ethanol, as shown in the reaction above. (c) (d) Calculate the standard entropy change, S, for the reaction given in part (b). Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant at 25C for the reaction represented by the equation in part (b).
(a) (b)
1998 B C6H5OH(s) + 7 O2(g) 6 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l) When a 2.000-gram sample of pure phenol, C6H5OH(s), is completely burned according to the equation above, 64.98 kilojoules of heat is released. Use the information in the table below to answer the questions that follow. Standard Heat of Formation, H; at 25C (kJ/mol) 0.00 -393.5 0.00 -285.85 0.00 ? Absolute Entropy, S, at 25C (J/molxK) 5.69 213.6 130.6 69.91 205.0 144.0
Calculate the molar heat of combustion of phenol in kilojoules per mole at 25C. Calculate the standard heat of formation, H, of phenol in kilojoules per mole at 25C.
(c) Calculate the value of the standard free-energy change, G, for the combustion of phenol at 25C. (d) If the volume of the combustion container is 10.0 liters, calculate the final pressure in the container when the temperature is changed to 110.C. (Assume no oxygen remains unreacted and that all products are gaseous.)
(c) Use the data in the table below to calculate the value of the standard molar entropy, S, for O2(g) at 25C.
H_ f ( products
H_ f (reactants
= [4(393.5) + 4(205.85) - 2183.5] kJ = -533.8 kJ 4 C(s) + 4 H2(g) + O2(g) C3H7COOH(l) Sf (butyric acid) = S(butyric acid) - [4 S(C) + 4 S(H2) + S(O2)] = 226.3 -[4(5.69) + 4(130.6) + 205] = -523.9 J/K Gf = Hf - TSf = 533.8 - (298)(-0.5239) kJ = -377.7 kJ Answer to 1988 (a) C + O2 CO2 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O C2H5OH + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 3 H2O (b) 2 C + 2 O2 2 CO2 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O 2 CO2 + 3 H2O C2H5OH + 3 O2 2 C + 2 H2 + H2O C2H5OH OR Hcomb. C(s) = Hf CO2(g) Hcomb. H2(g) = Hf H2O(l) C2H5OH + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 3 H2O H = -1366.7 kJ
H =
_ H f ( products
_ H f (reactants
H_ f ( products
H_ f (reactants
S(reactants) S S = (products)
= [160.7] - [11.5 + 261.2 + 69.9] J/mol.K = -181.9 J/mol.K
(d)
1998 Answer
kJ
(a) (b)
Hcomb =
64.98kJ
2.000g 94.113
g mol
= -3058 kJ
7 mol O
1 mol phenol
6 7
( 0 . 1489 ) +
3 7
( 0 . 1489 )
2001 Answer: (a) 73.1 g = 139 kJ (b) (i) Keq = eG/RT = e(70400/(8.31)(298)) = 2.221012 (ii) less negative; G = H TS; as temperature increases, TS becomes a larger positive value causing an increase in G (less negative). (c) S = S(products) S(reactants) -146.5 = [(2)(240.1)] [(210.8)(2)+ Soxygen] J/K Soxygen = +205.1 J/K