Sei sulla pagina 1di 8

S.

Jayaram

ECE 464 Preparing for the Quiz

on Insulating Materials
Student ID: __________________________

Student Name: _________________________

Choose the MOST appropriate answer and enter its letter ID in the space provided
1. The sources of free electrons that initiate the ionization process are, (a) from either the presence of any radioactive elements or the cosmic radiation (b) created during the initial the -processes (c) from the process of photoionization (d) created during the detachment process

[
2. Elastic collision results in the (a) formation of new carriers (b) secondary ionization (c) exchange of energy that is only translational (d) exchange of energy from kinetic to potential

[
3. Inelastic collision results in, (a) formation of new carriers. (b) secondary ionization process due to new carriers. (c) the exchange of energy that is only translational. (d) the exchange of energy from kinetic to potential.

[
4 The secondary ionization is due to the ionization processes that occur (a) in the bulk of the insulation. (b) at the anode. (c) at or near the cathode. (d) as a result of photoionization.

[
5 The dielectric strength of an electronegative gas is higher than that for normal gases as the (a) permittivity for such gases is higher than that for a normal gas (b) attachment of electrons results in reduced conduction (c) negative ion formation reduces the impact ionization by electrons drastically (d) conductivity with the negative ion formation is lower than that for normal gases

[
6. The ionization factor is defines as, (a) the number of ionization per unit length (b) the average number of ionization per unit length in the direction of the field (c) the number of new electrons produced by energetic electrons (d) the number of electrons produced by an electron per unit length

S. Jayaram
7.

ECE 464 Preparing for the Quiz

on Insulating Materials

The ionization factor depends, (a) directly on the gas pressure and inversely on the electric field (b) on the energy the electron possesses (c) on the gas pressure p, and the kinetic energy of the colliding electron (d) directly on the gas pressure and the electric field

[
8. The current growth as defined by the -process, (a) is sufficient to cause the breakdown if the electric field is significantly high (b) is lower than the experimentally observed high currents with gas breakdown (c) is an exponential function of the ionization process; thus relates to the breakdown (d) is not accountable for the final breakdown process

[
9. Photoionization is considered to be an important step in, (a) setting the secondary electrode processes (b) the development of a streamer (c) -processes that lead to breakdown (d) -processes that lead to breakdown

[
10. For the discharge to become self-sustaining, (a) secondary avalanches and successors are essential (b) secondary electrode processes are essential (c) new electrons from an external source is essential (d) new electrons from photoionization in the bulk of gas medium is essential

[
11. The secondary ionization factor is defines as the (a) number of initial ionization per unit length (b) average number of ionization per unit length in the direction of the field (c) average number of secondary electrons produced by the electrons from -process (d) number of electrons produced by an electron per unit length

[
12. In the secondary ionization process what is most significant is, (a) the role of work function for the metal (b) the role of cathode material and surface irregularities (c) the kinetic energy of the impinging positive ion on the cathode (d) all of the above

[
13. The secondary ionization factor also refers to (a) the number of positive ions arriving at the cathode (b) the cathode yield in electrons per incident positive ion or photon (c) the number of electrons created due to photons (d) none of the above

S. Jayaram

ECE 464 Preparing for the Quiz

on Insulating Materials

14. Deionization processes affect the breakdown mechanism as the electrons responsible for (a) ionization are neutralized (b) ionization are either neutralized or scavenged (c) ionization lose their energy during collision (d) ionization are scavenged to form the negative ions

[
15. During the deionization process, energy is (a) consumed by the gas molecules (b) released in the form of photons (c) released in the form of photons which is utilized in further ionization (d) neither released nor consumed

[
16. Negative ion formation in electronegative gasses due to attachment can be considered as, (a) deionization process by attachment (b) ionization as negative ions are formed in the process (c) deionization process due to loss of electrons in forming the negative ions (d) deionization process due to loss of electrons and decay of ionization current

[
17. During the process of attachment, energy is (a) consumed by the gas molecules (b) released in the form of photons (c) released in the form of photons which is utilized in further ionization (d) neither released nor consumed

[
18. The breakdown strength of electronegative gases compared to normal gases can be explained (a) considering the slow ionization process (b) considering the electron multiplication by collision (c) considering the loss of electrons by attachment (d) considering the electron multiplication by collision and loss of electrons by attachment

S. Jayaram

ECE 464 Preparing for the Quiz

on Insulating Materials

19. According to Paschens breakdown criterion, (a) the breakdown voltage depends on the gas pressure (b) the breakdown voltage depends on the electrode separation (c) the breakdown voltage depends on the gas pressure and gap distance (d) none of the above

[
20. The Paschens breakdown criterion can be explained considering (a) the probability of availability of energetic electrons that initiate the ionization process (b) the probability of electrons acquiring sufficiently high mean free paths (c) the processes described in (a) and (b) (d) none of the above

[
21. Townsends theory can be used to explain the (a) filamentary and irregular discharges (b) breakdown of highly non-uniform fields (c) breakdown of long air gaps (d) none of the above

[
22. Townsends theory can be used to explain the (a) breakdown under fast transients (b) breakdown of highly non-uniform fields (c) dependence of breakdown voltage on the product of gas pressure and electrode spacing (d) none of the above

[
23. According to the Streamer theory a spark discharge, leading to breakdown can develop (a) from a single avalanche irrespective of the space charge field (b) from a single avalanche if the space charge field exceeds a threshold (c) from a single avalanche if the space charge field is equal to the applied field (d) none of the above

[
24. A difference between the breakdown in a divergent field as opposed to uniform field is (a) the inception of corona (b) the inception of partial discharge activities (c) the field enhancement that leads to corona or PD inception (d) the field enhancement that leads to the exponential current growth

[
25. In power systems where inhomogeneous fields are unavoidable, with diverging fields (a) the breakdown is due to a cathode directed streamer (b) the breakdown is due to an anode directed streamer (c) the breakdown is not polarity dependent (d) none of the above

S. Jayaram

ECE 464 Preparing for the Quiz

on Insulating Materials

26. In power systems where inhomogeneous fields are unavoidable, with converging fields (a) the breakdown is due to a cathode directed streamer (b) the breakdown is due to an anode directed streamer (c) the breakdown is not polarity dependent (d) none of the above

[
27. The breakdown in point-plane gaps, with point at a negative potential, (a) the breakdown voltage is higher than that with a positive point electrode (b) the breakdown is not polarity dependent (c) the breakdown voltage is lower than that with a positive point electrode (d) the breakdown voltage would be same as that with a positive point electrode

[
28. The type of discharges under negative point-plane gap, defined as Trichel pulses; (a) increases with the increased voltage levels in numbers (b) increases with the increased voltage levels in amplitudes (c) increases with the increased voltage levels in numbers and amplitude (d) none of the above

[
29. The characteristics of Trichel pulses can be used to locate the discharge activities from (a) a sharp edge that is close to a negative potential (b) a metal tank that is connected to ground, in any AC power equipment (c) the processes described in (a) and (b) (d) none of the above

[
30. With impulse breakdown mechanisms, the statistical time lag is defined as the time required (a) to initiate -processes (b) to initiate any ionization (c) to locate an energized electron that can begin an avalanche formation (d) for an energetic electron to begin the ionization process

[
31. With impulse breakdown mechanisms, the formative time lag is defined as the time required (a) to initiate -processes (b) to develop a discharge from a streamer (c) to locate an energized electron that can begin an avalanche formation (d) to develop a discharge from an electron is in the high field region

[
32. With impulse for breakdown to occur, with the voltage levels above the threshold, (a) the pulse duration, should be at least equal to the statistical time lag (b) pulse duration, should be at least equal to the formative time lag (c) pulse duration, should be at least equal to the statistical + formative time lags (d) pulse duration, should be at greater than the statistical + formative time lags

[
33. The solid insulating materials used in power equipment, in addition to isolating the parts that are at different potentials, also; (a) provide the required cooling (b) help as heat sinks (c) provide the physical support for conducting parts (d) support the ground conductors

S. Jayaram

ECE 464 Preparing for the Quiz

on Insulating Materials

34. If a material fails due to intrinsic breakdown, it can be incurred that (a) the breakdown is electronic in nature (b) the breakdown is due to some defect (c) the breakdown is ionic in nature (d) the breakdown caused by ionic impurities

[
35. The system is considered to be in equilibrium if (a) the energy gained by the electrons >> energy lost to the lattice (b) energy gained by the electrons = energy lost to the lattice (c) the rate of energy gained by electrons from the field = the rate of energy transfer from electrons to lattice (d) energy gained by the electrons << energy lost to the lattice

[
36. Material can fail mechanically when the electrostatic compressive stresses on the solid insulation (a) are equal to the mechanical compressive strength. (b) exceeds the materials intrinsic strength. (c) exceeds the materials mechanical compressive strength. (d) none of the above.

[
37. Dissolved gas analysis can be used as a technique to detect PD activities in (a) any liquid filled power apparatus (b) mainly for oil filled transformers (c) minimum oil circuit breakers (d) all of the above

[
38. The relative permittivity, is intrinsic to the material and varies (a) slowly with applied electric field (b) sharply with temperature and pressure (c) slowly with temperature and pressure (d) shapely with the external field

[
39. The term is a quantity that depends on trace impurities and varies (a) slowly with applied electric field (b) sharply with temperature and pressure (c) slowly with temperature and pressure (d) shapely with the external field

[
40. The relative permittivity of polar materials is comparatively (a) large due to the presence of induced dipole moments (b) low with respect to non-polar materials (c) insignificant in the absence of an external field (d) large due to the presence of dipole moments

[
41. For the liquids used in practical applications, (a) the electrical and thermal conductivities must be high (b) the electrical resistivity and thermal conductivities must be high (c) the electrical and thermal conductivities must be low (d) the electrical conductivity must be high and thermal conductivity must be low

S. Jayaram

ECE 464 Preparing for the Quiz

on Insulating Materials
[ ]

42. Particle chain formation can significantly affect the oil breakdown strength; thus (a) in transformers the oil is filtered as often as possible (b) in transformers physical barriers in the form of pressboards are used to break the chain (c) in transformers cellulose paper is used to tarp such particulate contamination (d) none of the above

[
43. From the V-I Characteristic for liquids; the initial Ohmic region at low fields (a) is due to sweeping the particulate contamination (b) is due to dissociation of contaminants and recombination, (c) is due dissociation of impurity molecules (d) All of the above

[
44. The electronic theory is not applicable for practical liquids (a) as the electron emission is not sufficient for the fields at which breakdown occurs (b) as the availability of free electrons to initiate any avalanches is sparse (c) as the ionization energy of 10 eV is hard to achieve with a mean free path of ~ 10 nm (d) as the available energy is too short

[
45. Krazuckis theory to explain the exponential growth in current using particulate contamination (a) is not valid due to the levels of cleaning used in refilling the oil-filled equipment (b) is valid as particulate contamination level in power equipment is significantly high (c) is not valid as particle charging is weak considering the electrode surface conditions (d) is not valid as both the particle and electrode surfaces add to weak particle charging

[
46. The presence of homo-charges at the electrodes hints that both positive and negative ions are (a) created in the bulk of the liquid (b) created at the cathode and anode due to field emission (c) injected at the respective electrodes (d) injected at the electrode-liquid interface due to oxidation and reduction processes

[
47. Under the influence of Coulomb force, the liquid once set into motion (a) circulates as long as the special variation in charge density exits (b) circulates irrespective of the space charge variations (c) continues its motion if the external field stays on (d) none of the above

[
48. With the onset of liquid motion, charge transport takes place (a) due to ion drift velocity (b) due to electronic drift (c) by the electrically driven liquid (d) by the charge gradient

[
49. In addition to the enhanced charge transport, EHD effect can also adversely affect breakdown (a) as result of exponential growth in current (b) as a result of electroconvective charge transport (c) as a result of potential bubble formation leading to breakdown (d) all of the above

S. Jayaram
50.

ECE 464 Preparing for the Quiz

on Insulating Materials

Positive ions are injected at the electrode interface due to (a) oxidation process at anode (b) reduction process at anode (c) reduction process at cathode (d) oxidation process at cathode

[
51. Negative ions are injected at the electrode interface due to (a) oxidation process at anode (b) reduction process at anode (c) reduction process at cathode (d) oxidation process at cathode

Potrebbero piacerti anche