GNIPST BULLETIN 2013

1118-1177-4796-9849-7562-5062

TO GROW AS A CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN THE FIELD OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

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05th April 2013

Volume No.: 24 Issue No.: 02

Vision

Contents

Message from GNIPST Letter to the Editor News Update Disease Outbreak News Health Awareness Forth Coming Events Drugs Update GNIPST Photo Gallery
For your comments/contributionOR For Back-Issues, mailto:gnipstbulletin@gmail.com

Campus News Students Section Editors Note Archive

1 EDITOR:DebabrataGhoshDastidar

GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

05-04-2013

MESSAGE FROM GNIPST

All the members of GNIPST are proud to publish the 24th Volume of GNIPST BULLETIN. This bulletin has successfully completed its twenty months journey. We hope it haskept the readersupdated of recent activities in pharmaceutical & biological sciences and also introduced them with the different activities of our esteemed institution. We are thankful to all of you for your great cooperation & support and are looking forward to the samein future.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR.

NEWS UPDATE

WORLD HEALTH DAY 2013: 07 April

To mark World Health Day on 7 April, WHO is calling for intensified efforts to prevent and control hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. Worldwide, high blood pressure is estimated to affect more than one in three adults aged 25 and over, or about one billion people. Hypertension is a major contributor to heart disease and stroke which together make up the worlds number one cause of premature death and disability. Read more

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HIV Self-Testing: The Key to Controlling the Global Epidemic (02

APRIL 2013)

A new international study has confirmed that self-testing for HIV is effective and could be the answer to controlling the global epidemic. This systematic review shows HIV self-testing removes much of the fear and stigma associated with being tested for the disease. This study could pave the way for early detection and treatment around the world, thereby reducing transmission. Read
more

Feeling Hungry May Protect the Brain Against Alzheimer's Disease (02
APRIL 2013)

A study in mice with genetic mutations seen in human Alzheimer's disease found that the feeling of hunger itself may protect against the disease. Read more White

Blood

Cell

Enzyme

Contributes
APRIL 2013)

to

Inflammation and Obesity (02

Researchers have discovered that an imbalance between the enzyme neutrophil elastase and its inhibitor, 1-antitrypsin, causes inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease.
Read more

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Decreased Melatonin Secretion Associated With

Higher Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes (02

APRIL 2013)

With previous evidence suggesting that melatonin may have a role in glucose metabolism, researchers have found an independent association between decreased secretion of melatonin and an increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes. Read more How Antibodies Neutralize Mosquito-Borne Virus

(02

APRIL 2013)

Researchers have learned the precise structure of the mosquitotransmitted chikungunya virus pathogen while it is bound to antibodies, showing how the infection is likely neutralized. Read
more

Baldness Linked to Increased Risk of Coronary

Heart Disease (03

APRIL 2013)

Male pattern baldness is linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease, but only if it's on the top/crown of the head, rather than at the front, a new analysis finds. Read more Potential

Therapy for Human Prion Disease.

(03

APRIL 2013)

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Scientists have for the first time identified a pair of drugs already approved for human use that show anti-prion activity and, for one of them, great promise in treating rare and universally fatal disorders, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, caused by misfolded proteins called prions. Read more Will Cell Therapy Become a 'Third Pillar' of

Medicine?

(03

APRIL 2013)

Treating patients with cells may one day become as common as it is now to treat the sick with drugs made from engineered proteins, antibodies or smaller chemicals, according to UC San Francisco researchers. They have outlined their vision of cell-based therapeutics as a "third pillar of medicine. Read more Immune System: The Healing Element Is Also

the Enemy (03

APRIL 2013)

The same factor in our immune system that is instrumental in enabling us to fight off severe and dangerous inflammatory ailments is also a player in doing the opposite at a later stage, causing the suppression of our immune response. Read more Vaccine

Adjuvant Uses Host DNA to Boost

APRIL 2013)

Pathogen Recognition (05

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Aluminum salts, or alum, have been injected into billions of people as an adjuvant to make vaccines more effective. No one knows, however, how they boost the immune response. Researchers continue unraveling the mystery of adjuvants with a report that host DNA coats the alum adjuvant and induces two crucial cells to interact twice as long during the initial stimulation of the adaptive immune system. Read more.

HEALTH AWARENESS

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
What are cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and they include: muscle; cerebrovascular disease - disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain; peripheral arterial disease disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs; coronary heart disease disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart

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rheumatic heart disease damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria; congenital heart disease - malformations of heart structure existing at birth; deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism blood clots in the leg veins, which can dislodge and move to the heart and lungs. Heart attacks and strokes are usually acute events and are mainly caused by a blockage that prevents blood from flowing to the heart or brain. The most common reason for this is a build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the blood vessels that supply the heart or brain. Strokes can also be caused by bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain or from blood clots. What are the risk factors for cardiovascular disease? The most important behavioural risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. Behavioural risk factors are responsible for about 80% of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.

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The effects of unhealthy diet and physical inactivity may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity. These intermediate risks factors can be measured in primary care facilities and indicate an increased risk of developing a heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other complications. Cessation of tobacco use, reduction of salt in the diet, consuming fruits and vegetables, regular physical activity and avoiding harmful use of alcohol have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The cardiovascular risk can also be reduced by preventing or treating hypertension, diabetes and raised blood lipids. Policies that create conducive environments for making healthy choices affordable and available are essential for motivating people to adopt and sustain healthy behavior. There are also a number of underlying determinants of CVDs, or "the causes of the causes". These are a reflection of the major forces driving social, economic and cultural change globalization, urbanization, and population ageing. Other determinants of CVDs include poverty, stress and hereditary factors.
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What are common symptoms of cardiovascular diseases? Symptoms of heart attacks and strokes Often, there are no symptoms of the underlying disease of the blood vessels. A heart attack or stroke may be the first warning of underlying disease. Symptoms of a heart attack include: pain or discomfort in the centre of the chest; pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back. In addition the person may experience difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath; feeling sick or vomiting; feeling light-headed or faint; breaking into a cold sweat; and becoming pale. Women are more likely to have shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and back or jaw pain. The most common symptom of a stroke is sudden weakness of the face, arm, or leg, most often on one side of the body. Other symptoms include sudden onset of: numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body; confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech; difficulty seeing with one or both eyes;

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difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination; severe headache with no known cause; and fainting or unconsciousness. People experiencing these symptoms should seek medical care immediately. What is rheumatic heart disease? Rheumatic heart disease is caused by damage to the heart valves and heart muscle from the inflammation and scarring caused by rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is caused by streptococcal bacteria, which usually begins as a sore throat or tonsillitis in children. Rheumatic fever mostly affects children in developing countries, especially where poverty is widespread. Globally, almost 2% of deaths from cardiovascular diseases is related to rheumatic heart disease, while 42% of deaths from cardiovascular diseases is related to ischaemic heart disease, and 34% to cerebrovascular disease. Symptoms of rheumatic heart disease

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Symptoms of rheumatic heart disease include: shortness of breath, fatigue, irregular heart beats, chest pain and fainting. Symptoms of rheumatic fever include: fever, pain and swelling of the joints, nausea, stomach cramps and vomiting. Treatment Early treatment of streptococcal sore throat can stop the development of rheumatic fever. Regular long-term penicillin treatment can prevent repeat attacks of rheumatic fever which give rise to rheumatic heart disease and can stop disease progression in people whose heart valves are already damaged by the disease. Why are cardiovascular diseases a development issue in lowand middle-income countries? Over 80% of the world's deaths from CVDs occur in lowand middle-income countries. People in low- and middle-income countries are more exposed to risk factors such as tobacco, leading to CVDs

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and other noncommunicable diseases. At the same time they often do not have the benefit of prevention programmes compared to people in high-income countries. People in low- and middle-income countries who suffer from CVDs and other noncommunicable diseases have less access to effective and equitable health care services which respond to their needs (including early detection services). As a result, many people in low- and middle-income countries die younger from CVDs and other noncommunicable diseases, often in their most productive years. The poorest people in low- and middle-income countries are affected most. At the household level, sufficient evidence is emerging to prove that CVDs and other noncommunicable diseases contribute to poverty due to catastrophic health spending and high out of pocket expenditure. At macro-economic level, CVDs place a heavy burden on the economies of lowand middle-income countries. Noncommunicable disease including cardiovascular disease and diabetes are estimated to reduce GDP by up to 6.77% in low- and middle-income countries experiencing rapid economic growth, as many people die prematurely.

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How can the burden of cardiovascular diseases be reduced? Very cost effective interventions that are feasible to be implemented even in low resource settings have been identified by WHO for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. Heart disease and stroke can be prevented through healthy diet, regular physical activity and avoiding tobacco smoke. Individuals can reduce their risk of CVDs by engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco use and second-hand tobacco smoke, choosing a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and avoiding foods that are high in fat, sugar and salt, and maintaining a healthy body weight and avoiding the harmful use of alcohol. Comprehensive and integrated action is the means to prevent and control CVDs. Comprehensive action requires combining approaches that seek to reduce the risks throughout the entire population with strategies that target individuals at high risk or with established disease. Examples of population-wide interventions that can be implemented to reduce CVDs include: comprehensive tobacco control policies, taxation to reduce the intake of foods that are
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high in fat, sugar and salt, building walking and cycle paths to increase physical activity, providing healthy school meals to children. Integrated approaches focus on the main common risk factors for a range of chronic diseases such as CVD, diabetes and cancer: unhealthy diet, physically inactivity and tobacco use. There are several intervention options available. Some of these interventions can be implemented even by non-physician health workers in close- to- client facilities. They are very cost effective and high impact interventions and have been prioritized by WHO. For example: People at high risk can be identified early in primary care, using simple tools such as specific risk prediction charts. If people are identified early, inexpensive treatment is available to prevent many heart attacks and strokes. Survivors of a heart attack or stroke are at high risk of recurrences and at high risk of dying from them. The risk of a recurrence or death can be substantially lowered with a combination of drugs statins to lower cholesterol, drugs to lower blood pressure, and aspirin. In addition surgical operations are sometimes required to treat CVDs. They include coronary artery bypass, balloon

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angioplasty (where a small balloon-like device is threaded through an artery to open the blockage), valve repair and replacement, heart transplantation, and artificial heart operations. Medical devices are required to treat some CVDs. Such devices include pacemakers, prosthetic valves, and patches for closing holes in the heart. There is a need for increased government investment in prevention and early detection through national programmes aimed at prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases including CVDs.

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DISEASE OUTBREAK NEWS

FORTHCOMING EVENTS

DRUGS UPDATES
FDA

approves

Invokana

to

treat

type

diabetes. (29

MARCH 2013)

The U.S. FDA approved Invokana (canagliflozin) tablets, used with diet and exercise, to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Read more FDA approves new multiple sclerosis treatment:

Tecfidera (27

MARCH 2013)

The U.S. FDA approved approved

Tecfidera (dimethyl

fumarate) capsules to treat adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Read more

CAMPUS NEWS

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STUDENTS SECTION
WHO CAN ANS WER FIRS T???

() Which analytical principle was invented by Archer J Martin and Richard Synge? () In 1996 which pharmaceutical company was created from the merging of two pharma companies: Laboratories?
Answer of Previous Issue Question:

Ciba

Geigy

and

Sandoz

A) Ranitidine B) Confocal Imaging

Congratulation Sreemanti Mazumder, B.Pharm final year, for correct answer. Send yourthoughts/ Quiz/Puzzles/games/writeups or any other contributions for Students Section & answers of this Section at
gnipstbulletin@gmail.com

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EDITORS NOTE I am very happy to publish the 2nd issue of 24th Volume of GNIPST BULLETIN. It is my great pleasure to introduce you to the newly launched facebook account GNIPST bulletin. You are cordially invited to add this account to your friend list. The current issues will also be directly available on facebook. I would like to convey my thanks to all the GNIPST members and the readers for their valuable comments, encouragement& supports. Special thanks to Dr. Prerona Saha for her advice; Mr. Soumya Bhattacharya, for his contribution in students section. It would be my great pleasure to receive the contributions, suggestions & feedback from your desk for further upliftment of this deliberation GNIPST BULLETIN.

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ARCHIVE The general body meeting of APTI, Bengal Branch has been conducted at GNIPST on 15th June, 2012. The programme started with a nice presentation by Dr. Pulok Kr. Mukherjee, School of Natural Products, JU on the skill to write a good manuscript for publication in impact journals. It was followed by nearly two hour long discussion among more than thirty participants on different aspects of pharmacy education. Five nonmember participants applied for membership on that very day. GNIPST is now approved by AICTE and affiliated to WBUT for conducting the two years post graduate course (M.Pharm) in

PHARMACOLOGY. The approved number of seat is 18.

The number of seats in B.Pharm. has been increased from 60 to 120. 2nd World Congress on Ga-68 (Generators and Novel Radiopharmaceuticals), Molecular Imaging (PET/CT), Targeted Radionuclide Therapy, and Dosimetry (SWC-2013) : On the Way to Personalized Medicine Dates 28 Feb 2013 02 Mar 2013 Location: Chandigarh, India.Details.

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AICTE has sanctioned a release of grant under Research Promotion Scheme (RPS) during the financial year 201213to GNIPST as per the details below: a. Beneficiary Institution: Guru Nanak Institution of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology. b. Principal Investigator: Dr. LopamudraDutta. c. Grant-in-aid sanctioned:Rs. 16,25000/- only d. Approved duration: 3 years e. Title of the project: Screening and identification of potential medicinal plant of Purulia&Bankuradistricts of West Bengal with respect to diseases such as diabetes, rheumatism, Jaundice, hypertension and developing biotechnological tools for enhancing bioactive molecules in these plant.

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