HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN SANGLI DISTRICT: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

A SYNOPSIS SUBMITTED TO SHRI JAGDISHPRASAD JHABARMAL TIBREWALA UNIVERSITY, FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN GEOGRAPHY

BY

Mr. Dnyanoba Babaso Devakate

REGISTRATION NO:

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr. Kothavale Subhash Shivappa

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY SHRI JAGDISHPRASAD JHABARMAL TIBREWALA UNIVERSITY, VIDYANAGARI, JHUNJHUNU, RAJASTHAN 333001

YEAR 2012-13

INTRODUCTION Sangli is the 21st smallest district in terms of size in Maharashtra and it covers 8,578 Sq. Km. of area. It includes 10 tahsils with different geographical and climate situations. Sangli city is the district head quarter. Sangli district has a great cultural background. Physiographically the district has various landforms like hills ranges mostly in Shirala, Kadegaon and Khanapur tahsils and the plateau region is at the eastern part of the district. The Krishna river basin is a most irrigated area of the district, which is categorized in plane region. Generally the climate of Sangli district is hot and dry. The western hilly regions receive more rain fall at Shirala and Walva tahsil. But most of the Eastern parts Jath, Atpadi, Khanapur, Khavate-Mahankal tahsils are remains drought porn due to lack of rainfall. According to the census 2011, the Sangli district has population 2,820,575; out of that 74.49% rural and 25.51% is urban. Population density of Sangli district is 329 inhabitants per Sq. Kilometer. Growth rate of population over decade was 9.18% in 2001-2011. Sex ratio of district is 964 for every 1000 males and Literacy rate is 82.62%. As there is large population in the villages and also the climate is characterized as drought porne, the agriculture is the main occupation of the people. The villages are well connected with the urban areas of the district for their needs such as education, health, administrative, industrial produces, fertilizers and pesticides and also as a market centers for the agricultural productions. Human resources mean people can act as capital assets, which yield a stream of economic benefits over their working life. Human working develops society by their skilled and unskilled work and produces some kind of outcomes. Those outcomes converted into money. Money causes the
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economy and economy affects the living standards of people. This effect shows the development of villages, towns and cities. Human resource development can be defined as To develop available manpower through suitable methods such as education, special trainings, work promotions, transfers and opportunities to fulfill the human needs and goals of society to developed structure. The development of quantity and quality of population causes the human resource evolution. Human resource has two types of investments, direct investment and indirect investment. Direct human investment shows that people are engaged with direct work which is to be available naturally. Most of the population of the district is engaged in agricultural sector. Sugarcane, grapes and turmeric are the important cash crops. The mining activity is also observed where resources are available in the district for extraction of stones, grits and bauxite. The sand from river bed is also used for construction. Some people are working in mining occupation. As Sangli district is endowed with various river beds and many water storage tanks, dams, due to those resources some people are working in fishing occupation. Majority of farmers takes animal husbandry as an occupation, supplementary to farming. Rearing goats and sheep, Poultry are other important occupations observed in the district. It means the direct investment of human resource are farming, animal husbandry, mining, fishing and building construction are the natural sources of work in the district Sangli. Indirect investment in human resource provides resource of intelligent people like teachers, professors, engineers, doctors, lawyers, mechanics and technical professionals. Indirect human resources development in Sangli district is provided through well network of various educational systems such as Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary education, Industrial training (ITI), Higher education like graduation and post gradation,
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technical trainings are available through diploma and Degrees in Textiles, Engineering, Pharmacy, Nursing, computer and Information technology. Medical and law institutes are also available in Sangli district. The role of sugar factories through co-operative and private sector is much important in the development of industrial sector however, separate industrial estates are developed at Miraj, Kupwad, Palus, Vita, Jat and Kadegaon, through Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation. Besides those the dairy farms, chilling plants and hatcheries, spinning mills are also among growing industries. The Industrial development of the district is initially started with a factory at Kirloskarwadi which is known for the productions of iron implements for agriculture Small scale industries like handlooms, garments, waving rough blankets are also established. Miraj is famous for string instruments. In addition, there are many other industries like diamond cuttings, Silver and gold ornaments, pottery making, foot wares, cement and plastic pipes. Cottage industries are making pickels, papads, bhadang etc. Human resource studies guide us to meet the need of manpower, replacement of manpower, for meeting the challenges of technological environments.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
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1. Annelies Zoomers, (2006), Three Decades of Rural Development Projects in Asia, Latin America, and Africa: Learning From Successes and Failures Researcher aims to contribute to the discussion about how to make development interventions more effective by analyzing the factors contributing to the success or failure of rural development projects. We made an aggregate level analysis of 46 projects in the field of agricultural research (AR), water management (WM), natural resource management (NRM), and integrated rural development (IRD), financed by the Netherlands Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) and carried out between 1975-2005 in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Making a distinction between the successful projects and failures, we showed the possibilities and limitations 2. Ankit Sharma et. al., (2012), Rural Development in India: State Level Experiences, This explanations, the 2011 Census estimates that 69 percent of the countrys total population inhabits in villages. Despite implementing a number of programmers for creating gainful employment opportunities and to improve the quality of lives of rural masses, rural development continues to be a key policy challenge. Rural development essentially reflects in the improvements in the economic well being of people living in villages. In some way, it reflects in the increase in the purchasing power of the rural inhabitants. 3. Alexia Prskawetz et. al., (2004), The Effects of Age Structure on Economic Growth: An Application of Probabilistic Forecasting in India, Researcher explains, Changing India's social infrastructure variable from its value in 1995-2000 to the level currently observed in Singapore increases the average rate of economic growth of output per working age person by about 1 percentage point. Since in this case there would be bidirectional causality, it would be infeasible to quantify a feedback erect from economic growth to better social infrastructure. Nevertheless, keeping in mind the possibility of
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improving social infrastructure, India's future economic growth might be faster than our predictions that consider only the change in the age structure. 4. Arup MITRA * et. al., (2008), Rural to Urban Migration: A District Level Analysis for India, Researcher explains, Based on the recent census data this paper analyses the district level rural to urban migration rates among males and females separately. Both the rates are closely associated irrespective of whether the migrants originate from the rural areas within the state or outside the state. This would suggest that women usually migrate as accompanists of the males. Though many of the relatively poor and backward states actually show large population mobility, which is primarily in search of a livelihood, the mobility of male population is also seen to be prominent in the relatively advanced states like Maharashtra and Gujarat. Rapid migration of rural females within the boundaries of the states is, however, evident across most of the regions. 5. A. J. Barakade, (2011), The Pattern Of Population Density in Maharashtra (India), Research Paper explains, In this paper the present study reveals the district wise density of population in Maharashtra State during 1991-2011. Density of population is a better measure of understanding the variation in the distribution of population is expressed as number of persons per unit. In this paper discussed the pattern of spatial distribution of population density. 6. Awate S.J. et. al., Population Growth in Solapur District of Maharashtra A Geographical Analysis, Research paper explains, The present paper intends the ascertain of the population growth of Solapur District of Maharashtra for the period of 1901 to 2011. Population growth is basic parameter in population science. The population of Solapur District has been increased tremendously since independence. Among them urban and rural population growth has been varied according to time and space. So in the present research paper, the major objective is to understand the population growth in Solapur District. Such type of study represents real situation of

population in Solapur District and helps to planners, population scientists and research scholars. 7. Abdul Shaban, (2004), Regional Structure, Growth and Convergence of income in Maharashtra., Research paper studies, This argument is well illustrated by regional economies of India. Studies have shown that State economies in India are diverging, and the rate of divergence has increased in the post-reform period. However, the present study, which analyses the sectoral and aggregate per capita incomes in Maharashtra suing spatial econometric methods for the period 199394 to 2002-03, shows that opposed to the trend of divergence at interState level, regional economies in Maharashtra are converging, though with significant differences in the rates of convergence across various sectors and regions. Marathwada and Vidarbha, with weak industrial sectors, have been the most underdeveloped regions in the State over the years. The study also highlights the impact of spatial spillovers on regional patterns of economic development in the State and its policy implications. 8. B.M. Sule et. al., (2012), Correlation Between Literacy & Sex Ratio In Solapur Disttrict of Maharashtra : Ageoraphical Analysis Researcher to analyze the knowledge of sex ratio is essential for the understanding condition of women in society. A decline or low number of female population in the total population is strongly suggestive of the neglect of girl children, sex selective abortions and traditional attitudes of society. Thus, the analysis of literacy and sex ratio is immense significant. proved that high literacy rate, high sex ratio. It was observed that the high literacy rate, the sex ratio also high e.g. North Solapur tahsil. 9. Barry Mirkin, (2010), Population Levels, Trends and Policies in the Arab Region: Challenges and Opportunities Research Paper states, The Arab Region1, which lies at the crossroads of Europe, Africa and Asia, is the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of the three great monotheistic religions of the world. The Region benefits from a
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number of similarities and opportunities, including a long, rich history spanning thousands of years, strong cultural traditions, common language and a large, educated workforce, due in part to increasing female labour force participation. Furthermore, the Region sits atop more than half of the worlds oil resources. 10.Bilal SAVAS, (2008), The Relationship between Population and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence From The Central Asian Economies, This research paper aims to investigate the causal relationship between population and per capita economic growth in the Central Asian Economies (CAEs). Using the ARDL approach to co integration, we find evidence of a long-run relationship between population and real per capita income and provide strong support for the hypothesis that population is driving growth. Overall, the relationship between population and economic growth is strong and positive in the CAEs over the period of the analysis. 11.By. Richard E. Bilsborrow et. al.,, (2002), Migration, Population Change, And The Rural Environment, Researcher gives us, since most migrants to the agricultural frontier are poor, the challenge is to find ways of combating rural poverty in areas of origin while at the same time promoting a more sustainable use of the rural environment in both areas of origin and areas of destination. 12.BARAKADE A.J., (2012), Growth of Population in Satara District of Maharashtra, Research paper present study reveals the tahsil wise growth of population in Satara district during 1991-2011. The population of Satara district is constantly changing. These population changes represent peoples adjustment to economic development, opportunities of employment, development of educational facilities, immigration and outmigration sources, agricultural development, sugarcane industries concentrated in Karad, Satara and Koregaon tahsils, advanced technology, social environment and the exercise of residential preferences when more people move into an area than
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move out during study period. Thus changes of in the size of an areas population involve natural increase or decrease and net migration. It is clear the changes in population growth rate will be increasingly affecting our society. We face to challenge of anticipating these demographic changes and encouraging social institutions of education, family, economic, political, health and recreation at all organizational levels to plan in ways that will maximize the wellbeing and satisfaction of the population. 13.Chakraborty et. al., (2008), Determinants of Declining Child Sex Ratio in India: An Empirical Investigation, The paper determines the interpersonal and spatial trends and socioeconomic determinants of spatial variations in the relative neglect of girl child in India. Using fixed effects model of pooled least sequence for the last four decennial census data across fifteen major states in India. The paper revealed that higher socio-economic characteristics(female literacy, female work force participation and economic growth) has not been translated efficiently in terms of containing the female sustenance and survival disadvantage. Even the economic growth showed an inverse relation with the juvenile sex ratio. 14.Carl Haub et. al., (2006), Indias Population Reality: Reconciling Change and Tradition Researcher presents a demographic portrait of the diverse country of India in the early years of the 21st century and offers insight into some of the forces driving continued growth. Will India become the worlds first population double billionaire? Such a development is well within mathematical possibility. That is one of Indias most compelling future issues. 15.Dr. Sushama Deshmukh, (2012), Population Growth In India And Its Impact On Indian Economy), Researcher discuss the challenges before Indian economy in terms of Population explosion, Poverty, Unemployment, Rural urban divide and finally conclude India has the second largest labour force in the world. Projection of labour force is pre-requisite ensuring optimal utilization of available human
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resources. Manpower development is then taken up to provide adequate labour force, of appropriate skills and quality to different sectors so that there is rapid socioeconomic development and there is no mismatch between skills required and skills available. Planning also attempts to provide enabling environment for employment generation in public, private and voluntary sectors in urban and rural areas. 16.Dr. Rajiv Kumar et. al., (2011), Knowledge paper on, Strategic and implementation framework for skill envelopment in India, Exsisting framework consequently, the adoption of a much more robust approach is essential for putting in place a quality vocational education and training framework in the country for improving qualityin turms of Quality training of faculty with industry participation, Development of curriculum with focus on IT, Promotion of PPP model for infrastructure development, Establishment of robust certification of standard setting mechanism. 17.David E. Bloom et. al., (2007-2008), Population Health and Economic Growth, Researcher explains, Health is a direct source of human welfare and also an instrument for raising income levels. We discuss a number of mechanisms through which health can affect income, focusing on worker productivity, childrens education, savings and investment, and demographic structure. 18.David E. Bloom, (2011), Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth Researcher provides us, In conclusion, demographics matter to the pace and process of economic growth and development in India and elsewhere. While many factors influence economic growth, few are more important and reliable than demography. Indias changing demographics are creating a strong impulse for economic growth, and policymakers have several options for making this potential demographic dividend a reality. 19.Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, (2005), Population Challenges and Development Goals, Population division provides us, The present report has two
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objectives. First, it presents a succinct overview of demographic trends worldwide, for major areas and selected countries. It covers population size and growth, urbanization and city growth, population ageing, fertility and contraception, mortality and international migration. In addition to covering world demographic trends, this report includes a section on population policies, in which the concerns and responses of Governments with respect to major trends are summarized. Second, the report considers the contribution of the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), in all its aspects, to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration. 20.Dr. Misal S.M.,(2011), Co-operatives and Rural Development, Research Paper Indian Streams Research Journal / 72, Economics Vol. 1, Issue II / March 2011, pp. 69-72, India is agricultural based country and its 70% population stay in rural area. Co-operation is a dynamic movement for the socio-economic and cultural development of the people. The cooperatives have strong local linkage in the rural area. This can be used for expanding the rural all round development. 21.Dr. Prekshi, (2010), Research Abstracts on Rural Development (19982009), Researcher explains the report of development of women and children in rural areas (DWCRA) in Indian Government. The intervention of NGOs had a positive impact on functional status of DWCRA groups. DWCRAs failure to make a mark on the development scene was due to problems in conceptualization, design and implementation. A system should be designed to record the feedback of women regarding functioning of groups and their role, Gramsevaks, animations and NGOs. The relevance and specific role of NGOs need to be debated more widely so hat terms and areas of association between the state and private sectors would be clearer. 22.Dr. C.N. Kokate et. al., (2011), The Tribal Development In Maharashtra A Case Study, This case study is the constitution of
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India provides definite provisions for the uplift and welfare of the tribal people throughout the country. The levels of socio-economic development vary considerably between nontribal and tribal population, between one tribe and another tribe and even among different sub-groups of a tribal group. The present research work is an attempt to study the impact of the various government schemes on the socio-economic development of the tribal population in the state. 23.G. Janaki Ramaiah et. al., (2011), Decline Child Sex Ratio in India: Trends, Issues and Concerns Researcher highlights of 2011 census as the increasing in child sex ratio that came as a shock in the latest census figures shows 914 girls, and this is the lowest ever since Indepedence, slipping from 927 in 2001. The increasing trend has been seen in Punjab, Hariyana, Himachal Pradesh and Tamilnadu, Mizoram and Andaman & Nicobar Island while in all, the remaining 27 states and union territories, a rate has shown to decline. It was highest in Mizoram 971, closely followed by Meghalaya (970). Therefore defect of girl child population, leads to serious demographic imbalance and adverse social consequences. 24.Grahame Allen et. al., (2007), An Economic Introduction To India, Researcher provides, India is highly diverse and complex, as reflected in its ethnic, linguistic, geographic, religious and demographic features. India is only the second country to achieve a population of one billion (after China). Its current population totals 1.1 billion. It accounts for 17% of the earths population, and it is its fastest growing nation. The majority of people are Hindu, but there are also large populations of Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains. 25.H. Reit Akakaya, (2000), Population Viability Analyses with Demographically and Spatially Structured Models Researcher This paper presents a review of demographically structured (or, frequencybased) models, in which the individuals in a population are grouped
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into distinct classes. Structured models are used when vital rates (survival, reproduction, dispersal) of individuals depend on their age or physiological/morphological stage. Variation in these rates (environmental stochasticity) and the effect of abundance (density dependence) are important factors that determine population viability. 26.Himanshu et. al., (2011), India and an Indian village: 50 years of economic development in Palanpur., Researcher studied a two studies to find out the economic survey of villages he founds that a village of a little over 1000 people can help understand the economy of a country one million times as large and the changing nature of the country is fundamental to understanding. The work to include issues such as credit market, social and political relations, environment and gender. It is only half a year since the team that collected the data left the village. 27.I. PEN* et. al., (1999), Sexual Selection and the Sex Ratio: An ESS Analysis, The researcher studied Sexual selection driven by female mate choice is held responsible for much male extravaganza such as conspicuous ornaments and elaborate courtship displays Female choosiness itself is favored by selection if it confers a net fitness benefit to females. Those benefits are usually classified as either direct or indirect benefits. Direct benefits of choosiness are improvements of a females own reproductive success, due to, for example, preferred males having better territories or providing more parental care. Here they show that in populations with nonoverlapping generations and symmetric genetics the average reproductive value of females equals the average reproductive value of males. 28. Indian Government, (2001), Sex composition of the human population, Census of India 2001, Series 1, India, Paper 1 of 2001, It is people oriented chapter discus Sex composition of the human
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population is one of the basic demographic characteristics, which is extremely vital for any meaningful demographic analysis. Indian Census has the tradition of bringing out disaggregated information by sex on various aspects of population. The first and foremost is the simple count of males and females. Changes in sex composition largely reflects the underlying socio-economic and cultural patterns of a society in different ways. Sex ratio defined here as the number of females per 1000 males in the population, is an important social indicator to measure the extent of prevailing equity between males and females in a society at a given point of time. It is mainly the outcome of the interplay of sex differentials in mortality, sex selective migration, sex ratio at birth and at times the sex differential in population enumeration. 29.Joel E. Cohen, (1995), Population Growth and Earths Human Carrying Capacity. Researcher studied Earths capacity to support people to determine by both natural constraints and by human choices concerning economics, environment, culture and demography. Human carrying capacity is therefore dynamic and uncertain, human choice is not captured by ecological notations of carrying capacity that are appropriate for nonhuman populations. Simple mathematical models of the relation between human population growth and human carrying can account for faster than exponential population growth. 30.James McCarthy, (2005), Progress in Human Geography, Researcher identifies Recent developments, empirical and theoretical, call into question the geographic concentration concentrations of rural geography. This review is written in a world in which, for the first time ever, the urban population exceeds the rural. This review will focus on a single important theme in recent rural geography, that of 'multifunctionality' in rural landscapes. Landscapes typically produce
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a range of commodity and non-commodity use values simultaneously and that policy ought to recognize and protect that entire range of values, has received substantial attention in the field in recent years. 31.James F. X. Egan1*, Winston A. Campbell1, Audrey Chapman, Alireza A. Shamshirsaz1, Padmalatha Gurram1 and Peter A. Benn, (2011), Distortions of sex ratios at birth in the United States; evidence for prenatal gender selection researcher explain the normal male to female live birth sex ratio ranges from 1.03 to 1.07. Higher ratios in China, India and Korea reflect prenatal sex selection. We reviewed sex ratios for US births to investigate potential prenatal sex selection. Researcher studied and review The male to female live birth sex ratio in the United States exceeded expected biological variation for third+ births to Chinese, Asian Indians and Koreans strongly suggesting prenatal sex selection 32.Jose Pineda et. al., (2010), Curse or Blessing? Natural Resources and Human Development, Researcher provides, These results contribute to a broader discussion of development by indicating that the positive effect of natural resource abundance is clearer for human development than for GDP growth, mainly through the education and health dimensions. 33.Jean Dreze et. al., (1999), Fertility, Education and Development: Further Evidence from India, There has been a significant decline in fertility in many parts of India since the early 1980s. This paper reexamines the determinants of fertility levels and fertility decline, using panel data on Indian districts for 1981 and 1991. We find that women's education is the most important factor explaining fertility differences across the country and over time. Low levels of child mortality and son preference also contribute to lower fertility. By contrast, general indicators of modernization and development such
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as urbanization, poverty reduction and male literacy bear no significant association with fertility. En passant, we probe a subject of much confusion - the relation between fertility declines on gender bias. 34.Kadi A.S et. al., (2012) Problems Of Urbanization in Developing Countries: A Case Study In India, Researcher explains the present paper deals with problems faced by Indian citizens due to urbanization. The technological and industrial boom has brought enormous problems to urban citizens causing degradation of the environment. Number of slums has increased in metropolitan cities. Acute shortage of space for housing, lack of sewage treatment facilities, polluted water and transport constraints are serious concerns of the urban population. Poor sanitation and contaminated drinking water arising from human activity and natural phenomena create serious problems on human health. 35.Lee F. G. et. al., (2011), Occupation, body size and sex ratio of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in established and newly invaded areas of an Ontario river Paper on Invasive species represent a challenge because the particular characteristics of a species invasion are often unknown before the invasion. To provide some clarity as to how invasive species demographic structure might change as a population advances its range, we compared the proportion of occupied sites, size structure and sex ratio of round gobies in the area where they first invaded with more recently invaded areas at the extent of their range in a river in south-eastern Ontario. They also observations in this study, round gobies appear to successfully expand their range through mechanisms that parallel those used by other invasive populations, which makes the round
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goby a good candidate to test both empirical and theoretical hypotheses about species invasions. 36.Mr. Mali S.R. et. al., (2012), Spatial Pattern of Sex Ratio In India : A Geographical Perspective, Researcher described the number of females per every 1000 males in a given place. It, again, is recalculated based on the age groups like 0 years to 6 years or 6 years and above. The number of females in the age group of 0 years to 6 years is termed as child sex ratio. Sex composition is a subject of great interest to the demographers, regional planners, sociologists, economists and geographers too. Sex ratio is an index of socio economic conditions of an area. It is an important tool a of regional analysis. 37.Mariapia Mendola, (2006), Rural out-migration and economic development at origin, What do we know?, Researcher explains Migration is a complex phenomenon and given the new challenges posed by a globalised and rapidly changing world, drawing lessons from the mass migration of the past century is not an easy task either. One lesson we can draw from the existing migration literature is that a major feature of the current mass migration process -besides the creation of high barriers to it - is its strong linkage to countries of origin. This motivates further research aiming at a better understanding of the migration-development nexus, both when migrants intend to go back home and when they deepen their integration in the host country. 38.Monica Das Gupta et. al., (2011), Population, Poverty, and Sustainable Development A Review of the Evidence, This paper reviews the literature on three themes: (a) Does high fertility affect low-income countries prospects for economic growth and poverty reduction? (b) Does population growth exacerbate pressure on natural resources? and (c) Are family planning programs effective at lowering fertility, and should they be publicly funded?
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39.Prin. Dr. K. H. Shinde et. al., (2011), Study Of Population And Some Resources In The Drought Prone Region Of Maharashtra Drought has been major problem in India as well as Maharashtra. It is an unpredictable climatic condition and occurs due to failure of one or more monsoons. Drought prone region of Maharashtra faces the various problems i.e. low agricultural productivity, agricultural instability, drinking water, migration, farmer suicide etc. This is a result of erratic rainfall and lack of sufficient irrigation facilities. The Maharashtra state and Government of India have made many efforts to overcome the problems created by the drought. 40.Patrick M. Wright et. al., (2003), The impact of HR practices on the performance of business units. Researcher examines the impact of HR practices and organisational commitment on the operating performance and portability of business units. Using a predictive design with a sample of 50 autonomous business units within the same corporation, the article reveals that both organisational commitment and HR practices are significantly related to operational measures of performance, as well as operating expenses and pre-tax profits. The results of this study support the notion that businesses which manage employees with more progressive HR practices can expect to see higher operational performance as a result. 41.Priya Deshingkar et. al., (2009), Migration and Human Development in India, Researcher explains, Without such recognition and action large parts of the population will continue to be excluded and this will compromise Indias prospects for poverty reduction and reaching the Millennium Development Goals. 42.Philip Martin, (2009), Demographic and Economic Trends: Implications for International Mobility, Researcher explains, Receiving areas can benefit economically and culturally from the
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contributions of migrants, and migrant-areas-of-organ can benefit from remittances that reduce poverty and provide a new impetus for development. However, there are likely to be yawning gaps between the rights and protections laid out in international conventions and the realities faced by many migrants. 43.Pham Thi Ngoc Trang et. al., (2011), Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Asian Developing Countries, Publisher : Johan Linden, In sumary, this paper researches the impact of population growth in economic growth, specifically GDP per capita, of Asian Developing countries. By doing the multiple regression tests, we can conclude that higher population growth will lower the GDP per capita as well as pull the economy in these countries down. Furthermore, we can predict that in the near future, the population growth in Asian Developing countries will decline, along with a rise in the level of output per worker. Consequently, the economic development in these countries will be improved. 44.Paris, (2007), Urban Population, Development and Environment Dynamics Researcher, theoretically, urban areas present considerable advantages in economic, social, demographic and environmental terms. In a globalized economy, cities are better able to take advantage of emerging opportunities and thus better able than rural areas to improve the social or health situation for large numbers of people. Urbanization may help to retard rural environmental degradation, by serving as an outlet for rural migration. Urbanization also promotes the empowerment of women, while changing aspirations and lifestyles that accelerate fertility decline. 45.P. Parthasarathy Rao et. al., (2004), Agricultural Diversification in India and Role of Urbanization, Researcher explains, Indian agriculture is diversifying during the last two decades towards HighValue Commodities (HVCs) i.e., fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, and fish products. This paper, focus is on diversification towards HVCs in the context of urbanization. Since urban population is growing at
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more than 3% per annum, demand for HVCs will drive their production. The analysis has also brought out regional variations in HVCs across different districts in the country that has implications on regional development and planning, and consequently on public and private sector investment strategies. 46.R. Raghuttama Rao et. al., (2011), Human Resource and Skill Requirements in the Education and Skill Development Services Sector- Study on mapping of human resource skill gaps in India till 2022 A report Given this context and the discussions in the earlier sections, it is required that technology and other innovative means of teaching content/training delivery be adopted. Even with these factors in mind, and considering the formal Education and Skill Development/Vocational Training Sector alone12, we expect that the demand for teachers and trainers would continue to the extent of training 415,000 teachers and trainers annually 47.Shareen Joshi et. al., (2009), Population Dynamics and Economic Development: Filling the Research Gaps, Researcher widely acknowledged that improvements in reproductive health can affect economic growth and poverty reduction through many pathways. At the macro-level, these changes can have an impact on GDP growth rates, population growth rates, age-distributions, poverty rates, and distribution of income and in some cases, the spatial distribution of populations. 48.Timothy Kiessling et. al., (2005), Strategic global human resource management research in the twenty-first century: an endorsement of the mixed-method research methodology, Researcher provide, depth and flexibility needed to explore the SGHRM issues. Mixed methods are a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches that maintain methodological rigors as well as measures for reliability and validity. This paper explores the current methods, the reasons for their
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lack of success in portraying the depth of the phenomena and why the mixed methods approach appears to be a superior method for research for the SGHRM field. Multiplicity of network units, Global network instability, Discontinuities in internal organizational support, Multidimensionality of strategic human resource leadership task, Multiskill leadership demands for global network human resource management. 49.Terry Cannon*, (2008), Reducing Peoples Vulnerability to Natural Hazards -Communities and Resilience, Researcher extract the concepts vulnerability, resilience and community are widely used and abused in the literature on natural hazards and disaster risk reduction. This paper seeks to bring greater rigors in their use. In particular, vulnerability must be understood as a set of socioeconomic conditions that are identifiable in relation to particular hazard risks, and therefore perform a predictive role that can assist in risk reduction. Resilience is often confused as a concept, sometimes seen as the inverse of vulnerability, and by others as an independent quality. These confusions may be especially relevant in the context of policy for disaster risk reduction at the scale of community. Here there is often an idealized notion of community as undifferentiated and unproblematic.

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HYPOTHESES Development of the any area is depend upon the quality of human resource.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The entire work is mostly depend upon the secondary data source and the required relevant information will be collected through personal interviews as primary data if necessary. The required secondary data will be collected from the District Census, Handbooks, District statistical abstract, Tahsildar offices, Govt. Statistical Reports, information through internet, magazines, documents and e-books. The collected data will be processed, stabilized and presented through proper cartographic techniques. E.g. Graphs, Maps, Pie charts etc. in the study of structure of population and the statistical models will be utilized.

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SCOPE OF STUDY This geographical study on Human Resource Development of Sangli District will focus on all the parameters of demographic characteristics of population such as Distribution, Density, Migration, Growth Rate, Population structure Age and Sex, Literacy, Occupational, Worker-Nonworker etc. This study will be useful to understand the quality of population and human resource development in Sangli district. The development of quality of population causes the human resource evolution. The direct investments of human resources are farming, animal husbandry, mining, fishing and building construction are the natural sources of work in the Sangli district. About 74% of the population is residing in villages which are rural in nature. Indirect human resource development in the district is provided through various educational systems. The development of sugar factories in co24

operative and private sector along with the separate industrial sector through M.I.D.C. in the district helps for H.R.D. and overall development of the district. Considering the huge population load in various agriculture sectors, various irrigation projects undertaken by the Government of Maharashtra for agriculture development, developing Industrial sector in the district will definitely accept the H.R.D. of the district in future. This study guides us to meet the need of man power, replacement of man power and to provide a quality developed society in future.

STUDY REGION Sangli district is located in the southern part of Maharashtr and administratively it is part of western Maharashtra. The district is extended from 160 45 N to 170 22 N latitude and 730 42 E to 720 40 E longitude. Maximum East and West extension is 205 Kms. In North-South has varying length 96 Kms. Total area of district is 8578 Sq. Kms. Height above the sea-level is 553 m. According to Sangli district census 2011, population is 2,820,575 and density of Population of the district is 329 inhabitants per Sq. Kilometer. Sangli district is bounded by Satara and Solapur district to the North. Bijapur district, Karanataka to the East. Kolthapur and Belgaon of Karanataka to the South and Ratanagari district to the west. The Sangli district comprises in ten tahsils administratively. This district includes total 724 villages and 8 urban centers. Physiographically the district has various landforms like hill ranges mostly in Shirala, Kadegaon and Khanapur tahsils and the plateau region at
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eastern part of the district. The Krishna river basin is a most fertile area of the district, which is categorized in plane region. Generally the climate of Sangli district is hot and dry. The western hilly regions receives more rain fall at Shirala and Walva tahsil. But most of the Eastern part of Jath, Atpadi, Khanapur, Khavate-Mahankal tahsils remains drought porne due to lack of rainfall.

RESEARCH DESIGN The Proposed research work will be in the following manner Topic 1 : Introduction title, significance of studies, objectives, database and methodology, research design (chapter schema) : Introduction to the study region Sangli district location and administrative divisions physiographic, climate, vegetation, Agriculture, Industry and Population. : The growth and distribution of population. : Demographic changes in population. : Population Structure and changes. : Scenario of Human Resource Development and emerged problem.

Topic 2

Topic 3 Topic 4 Topic 5 Topic 6 Topic 7 Topic 8

: Findings and Recommendations : Bibliography

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WORK PLAN The Plan for completation of research work is as follows: 1st Six months : Collecting reviews, Completation of Synopsis and understood the subject. 2nd Six months : Data collection and processing 3rd Six months : Representation of data with proper cartographic 4 Six months
th

techniques and analysis : Final draft of the thesis

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYE The main objective of this study is as fallows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. To study the growth and distribution of population since 1971 census year of Sangli district. To analyze influencing factors of density population. To study the demographic characteristic of population. To study the structure of population. To assess the Human Resources Development of the district with emerged problems.

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REFRANCES: 1 Annelies Zoomers, (2006), Three Decades of Rural Development Projects in Asia, Latin America, and Africa: Learning From Successes and Failures UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Research Paper No. 2006/33. 2 Ankit Sharma et. al., (2011), Rural Development in India: State Level Experiences, The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, Website: www.assocham.org 3 Alexia Prskawetz, Tomas Kgel, Warren C. Sanderson, and Sergei Scherbov, (2004), The Effects of Age Structure on Economic Growth: An Application of Probabilistic Forecasting in India , Vienna Institute of demography Austrian Academy of Sciences Prinz Eugen-Strasse 8-10 A-1040 Vienna Austria, Website:www.oeaw.ac.at/vid 4 Arup Mitra and Mayumi Murayama, (2008), Rural to Urban Migration: A District Level Analysis for India, Institute Of Developing Economies (IDE), Jetro 3-2-2, Wakaba, Mihama-Ku, Chiba-Shi Chiba 261-8545, Japan. 5 A. J. Barakade, (2011), The Pattern Of Population Density in Maharashtra (India), Research PaperGeography, Social Growth Half yearly Research Journal, Vol. I, Issue : III, Nov. 2011 to April 2012. 6 Awate S. J. And Todkari G.U., Population Growth in Solapur District of Maharashtra A Geographical Analysis, Geoscience Research, ISSN: 09769846 & E-ISSN: 09769854, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2011, pp.-45 to 48. Available online at:http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.Php?id=90. 7 Abdul Shaban, Regional Structure, Growth and Convergence of income in Maharashtra., Unit for Urban Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai -88.
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8 B.M. Sule and others, (2012),Correlation Between Literacy & Sex Ratio In Solapur Disttrict of Maharashtra: Ageoraphical Analysis, Published by SOCIAL GROWTH Vol. I, Issue : IV, May 2012 to Oct. 2012 pp. 37-44. 9 Barry Mirkin, (2010), Population Levels, Trends and Policies in the Arab Region: Challenges and Opportunities United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series. 10 Bilal SAVAS, (2008), The Relationship Between Population And Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence From The Central Asian Economies OAKA Cilt:3, Say: 6, pp. 161-183. 11 By Richard E. Bilsborrow, (2002), Migration, Population Change, And The Rural Environment, (Summer 2002): 69-94 Ecsp Report ISSUE 8 pp. 69-94. 12 BARAKADE A.J., (2012), Growth of Population in Satara District of Maharashtra, World Research Journal of Geoinformatics, ISSN: 2278-7003 & E-ISSN: 2278-7011, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2012, pp-17-20. Available online at: http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=177. 13 Chakraborty and others, (2008), Determinants of Declining Child Sex Ratio in India: An Empirical Investigation, Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7602/ MPRA Paper No. 7602, posted 10. March 2008 pp. 1-22 14 Carl haub and o.p. Sharma, (2006), Indias Population Reality: Reconciling Change and Tradition Population BULLETIN Vol. 61 No. 3 Population Reference Bureau (PRB 15 Dr. Sushama Deshmukh, (2012), Population Growth In India And Its Impact On Indian Economy), International Referred Research Journal, January, 2012, ISSN- 0975-3486, RNI : RAJBIL 2009/30097, VOL- III * ISSUE 28. 16 Dr. Rajiv Kumar and Abhaya Krishna Agarwal, (2011), Knowledge paper on, Strategic and implementation framework for skill envelopment in India, Publisher: FICCI contacts. 17 David E. Bloom, David Canning, ( 2007- 2008), Population Health and Economic Growth, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank On behalf of the Commission on Growth and Development, Internet:www.worldbank.org, www.Growth commission.org.
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18 David E. Bloom, (2011), Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth PROGRAM ON THE GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY OF AGING Working Paper Series, PGDA Working Paper No. 65, 19 Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, (2005),Population Challenges and Development Goals, ST/ESA/ SER.A/248 United Nations publication Sales No. E.05.XIII.8 ISBN 92-1-151411-8 Copyright United Nations, 2005. 20 Dr. Misal S.M.,(2011), Co-operatives and Rural Development, Research Paper Indian Streams Research Journal /72, Economics Vol. 1, Issue II / March 2011, pp. 69-72. 21 Dr. Prekshi, (2010), Research Abstracts on Rural Development(1998 2009), Documentation Centre for Women and Children National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development. 22 Dr. C.N. Kokate, Dr. R. S. Solunke, (2011), The Tribal Development In Maharashtra A Case Study, International Referred Research Journal, February, 2011 ISSN-0975-3486 RNI: RAJBIL 2009/300097 VOL-I *ISSUE 17. 23 G. Janaki Ramaiah, and others, (2011), Decline Child Sex Ratio in India: Trends, Issues and Concerns Asia-Pacific Journal of Social Science, Vol. III (1) Jun 2011 pp. 183-198. Visit : http://www.socialscience-ejournal.org 24 Grahame Allen & Janna Jessee, (2007), An Economic Introduction To India, ECONOMIC POLICY AND STATISTICS SECTION, HOUSE OF COMMONS LIBRARY, Research Paper 07/04. 25 H. Reit Akakaya, (2000), Population Viability Analyses with Demographically and Spatially Structured Models Ecological Bulletins 48:pp. 23-38 26 Himanshu, and Nicholas Stern, (2011), India and an Indian village: 50 years of economic development in Palanpur., ASIA RESEARCH CENTRE WORKING PAPER 43.on line at :www.lse.ac.uk/collections /AsiaResearchCentre.

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27 I.PEN* and others, (1999), Sexual Selection and the Sex Ratio: An ESS Analysis Paper presented @ University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands pp.111-121. Available online at: http://www .akkrt.hu 28 Indian Government, (2001), Sex composition of the human population, Census of India 2001, Series 1, India, Paper 1 of 2001. 29 Joel E. Cohen (1995), Population Growth and Earths Human Carrying Capacity. JSOTES articles of Science Vol. 269 PP. 341346 available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html 30 James McCarthy, (2005), Progress in Human Geography , Progress in Human Geography 29, 6 (2005) Published by SAGE publication, pp. 773-782. Available at http://www.Sagepublications. com 31 James F. X. and others, (2011), Distortions of sex ratios at birth in the United States; evidence for prenatal gender selection Published online 27 March 2011 in Wiley Online Library PP. 560 565. on http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com 32 Jose Pineda and Francisco Rodrguez, (2010), Curse or Blessing? Natural Resources and Human Development Human Development Research Paper 2010/04. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports Research Paper Series. 33 Jean Drze Mamta Murthi, (1999), Fertility,Education and Development: Further Evidence from India. 34 Kadi A.S., Halingali B.I. & Ravishankar P., (2012) Problems Of Urbanization in Developing Countries: A Case Study In India, International Journal of Science and Nature I.J.S.N., VOL. 3(1) 2012, pp. 93-104 Web site : www.scienceandnature.org. 35 Lee F. G. Gutowsky and others, (2011), Occupation, body size and sex ratio of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in established and newly invaded areas of an Ontario river Primary research paper, pp. 27-37. 36 Mr. Mali S.R. and others, Spatial Pattern of Sex Ratio In India: A Geographical Perspective, Indian Streams Research Journal Vol.2, Issue. IV/May; 12 pp. 1-4

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37 Mariapia Mendola, (2006), Rural out-migration and economic development at origin, What do we know?, Sussex Migration Working pp. 40 38 Monica Das Gupta, John Bongaarts, John Cleland Population, Poverty, and Sustainable Development A Review of the Evidence, Development Research Group, Human Development and Public Services Team WPS 5719 Public. 39 Prin. Dr. K. H. Shinde and others (2011), Study Of Population And Some Resources In The Drought Prone Region Of Maharashtra Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. 1, Issue II/ March 2011, pp. 145-150. 40 Patrick M. Wright and others, The impact of HR practices on the performance of business units. Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 13 No 3, 2003, pp. 21-36. 41 Priya Deshingkar and and Shaheen Akter, (2009), Migration and Human Development in India, Human Development Research Paper 2009/13. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports Research Paper Series. 42 Philip Martin, (2009), Demographic and Economic Trends: Implications for International Mobility, Human Development Research Paper 2009/17. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports Research Paper Series. 43 Pham Thi Ngoc Trang , Tran Hoang Hieu, (2011), Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Asian Developing Countries, Publisher : Johan Linden 44 Paris, (2007), Urban Population, Development and Environment Dynamics Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography. 45 P. Parthasarathy Rao, P.S. Birthal, P.K. Joshi and D. Kar, (2004), Agricultural Diversification in India and Role of Urbanization, MTID Discussion Paper No. 77 Online at: http://www. ifpri.org 46 R. Raghuttama Rao and others, (2011), Human Resource and Skill Requirements in the Education and Skill Development Services Sector- Study on mapping of human resource skill gaps in India till 2022 A Report, National Skill Development Corporation, India, Online available at http://nsdcindia.org

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47 Shareen Joshi, Rachel Nugent, and Meghan Cagley, (2009), Population Dynamics and Economic Development: Filling the Research Gaps, Center for Global Development and Population Reference Bureau. 48 Timothy Kiessling and others, (2005), Strategic global human resource management research in the twenty-first century: an endorsement of the mixed-method research methodology, Int. J. of Human Resource Management 16:1 January 2005 pp. 2245. 49 Terry Cannon*, (2008), Reducing Peoples Vulnerability to Natural Hazards -Communities and Resilience, UNU Winder, Word Institutes for developments economics research, Research Paper No. 2008/34.

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REFRANCE BOOKS 1) Ankita Gandhi et.al. , (2011), Indian Human Development Report 2011, Toward Social Inclusion, Published In India, By Oxford UniversityPress, New Delhi. 2) Ashish Bose ,(2002), Population of India 2001 3) S.yeer. meJeoerS heer.Sme. keesUskej, (2008)Yeieesueeeer cetueleJes Keb[ otmeje , efvejeueer ekeeMeve, hegCes. 4) Yeejle 2011 (2011), ekeeMeke: Dehej cenefveoxMeke (eYeejer) ekeeMeve, megevee Deewj emeejCe ceb$eeuee Yeejle mejkeej, veF& efouueer. 5) Dr. K.K.Sharma, (2004), SANDARBA MAHARASHTRA, State and District at a Glance., Intiluctual Book Bureao Bhopal, Vol. I, Vol. II. 6) [e@. kes.kes. Mecee&, (2005), ceneje^jepe Je efpeuns Ske erkeesCe Keb[ 1 les 5 FbsueskeegDeue yegke yegjes, YeesheeU. 7) Govt. of Maharashtra ,(2002), Human Development Report 2002. 8) J.K. Banthia, Director of Census Operation, Maharashtra.(All editions of) Census of India , District Census Hand Book(Sangli). 9) J. Clarck. Population Geography. 10) Pradeep Sharma, (2007), Human Geography People, Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi. 11) P. K. Chaubey, (2001), Population Policy of India, Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi. 12) ee.DeefnjjeJe DeeefCe F. (1995)ueeskemebKee(eewLeer DeeJe=eer 1995) 13) Ruddar Datt., (2002), Human Development and Economic Development, Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. 14) S.D. JHA (1989), Policy Implimentation of Rular-Urban Migration in India, Vani Prakashan, New Delhi. 15) meew.keeefvekej Je meew. keguekeCeea. ueeskemebKee Meee,
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WEBSITE REFRANCE 1. http://www.Shodhgangotri.ac.in 2. http://www.shodhgangotri.infilbent.ac.in 3. http://www.cencusindia.gov.in 4. http://www.cencusindia.net 5. http://www.maharashtra.gov.in

Research Scholar Prof. Devkate Dnyanoba Babaso

Research Guide Dr. Khotavale Subhash Shivappa.

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