1

INS 310 Water Supply and Sewerage

Reservoir Capacity and Pipelines (I)
Dr. A. Ozan Celik Monday, March 25, 2013
http://www.water-technology.net
2
Mass Curve Analysis


Determination of reservoir capacity for a known yield





3
Mass Curve Analysis


Determination of yield from a known reservoir capacity
4
Mass Curve Analysis
Month S (10
6
m
3
)
1 2.21
2 4.12
3 5.23
4 6.94
5 8.05
6 10.96
7 8.02
8 11.63
9 3.5
10 1.6
11 2.2
12 1.8
The montly flow rates of a river is
given. Determine the active
storage capacity of a reservoir to
be constructed on this river using
mass curve method for 100%
regulation.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

S
,

D


Month
S
D
5
Municipal water systems generally comprise (a) collection works, (b)
purification works, (c) transmission works, and (d) distribution works.
Fair, Geyer, and Okun's
Water and Wastewater
Engineering: Water Supply
and Wastewater Removal
by Nazih K. Shammas,
Lawrence K. Wang
Components of water supply systems:
6
Review: Steady Incompressible flow in pressure conduits

g
V
D
L
f h
f
2
2
=
For noncircular conduits
g
V f
2 4
2
0
t =
r
L
R
L
h
h
f

t
2
0 0
= =
g
V
R
L
f h
h
f
2 4
2
=
Review: Laminar Flow in Circular Pipes
f
h z
p
g
V
z
p
g
V
+ + + = + +
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2 2
Energy Equation:
Re
64 64
= =
VD
f
v
t

Q
D
L
V
D
L
h
f
4 2
128 32 = =
7
Steady Incompressible Flow in Pressure Conduits
Solutions of (Single) Pipe-Flow Problems

g
V
D
L
f h
f
2
2
=
For noncircular conduits
g
V f
2 4
2
0
t =
r
L
R
L
h
h
f

t
2
0 0
= =
g
V
R
L
f h
h
f
2 4
2
=
Review: Basics
f
h z
p
g
V
z
p
g
V
+ + + = + +
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2 2
Energy Equation:
t

Q
D
L
V
D
L
h
f
4 2
128 32 = =
Laminar Flow
Re
64 64
= =
VD
f
v
Laminar Flow
Moody Chart
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
Re
9 . 6
7 . 3
/
log 8 . 1
1
11 . 1
D e
f
8
10 Re 4000 (explicit) Haaland s s
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
f D e f Re
51 . 2
/
7 . 3
log 2
1
Re all for (implicit) Colebrook
Turbulent Flow
Turbulent/Laminar/fully
rough/smooth
8
Steady Incompressible Flow in Pressure Conduits
Empirical Equations For Single-Pipe Flow
54 . 0 63 . 2
279 0 S CD . Q =
The Darcy-Weisbach equation with the Moody diagram are considered to be
the most accurate method for estimating frictional head loss in steady pipe
flow.
But because of the dependence on Re and the (not so efficient) trial and error
iteration, practitioners prefer alternative empirical head loss calculations:
Hazen-Williams:
54 . 0 63 . 0
849 . 0 S CR V
h
=
or
t coefficien roughness : C , / where L h S
f
=
Manning:
2 / 1 3 / 2
486 1
S R
n
.
V
h
=
2 / 1 3 / 2
1
S R
n
V
h
=
BG
SI
t coefficien roughness : where n
9
Steady Incompressible Flow in Pressure Conduits
Minor Losses in Turbulent Flow
Major Losses: due to friction, significant
head loss is associated with the straight
portions of pipe flows. This loss can be
calculated using the Moody chart,
Colebrook equation or Haaland equation.
Minor Losses: Additional components
(valves, bends, tees, contractions, etc)
in pipe flows also contribute to the total
head loss of the system. Their
contributions are generally termed
minor losses.
Minor in comparison to friction losses.
10
Steady Incompressible Flow in Pressure Conduits
Minor Losses in Turbulent Flow
Minor Losses: proportional to the velocity of flow and geometry of
device
g
V
k h
2
'
2
=
Minor head loss
Loss coefficient, obtained
from experiments for each
case
Velocity head
11
Transmission works: example
Fair, Geyer, and Okun's
Water and Wastewater
Engineering: Water Supply
and Wastewater Removal
by Nazih K. Shammas,
Lawrence K. Wang
12
Flow resistance:example
Fair, Geyer, and Okun's
Water and Wastewater
Engineering: Water Supply
and Wastewater Removal
by Nazih K. Shammas,
Lawrence K. Wang
13
Pipes in series and parallel
Fair, Geyer, and Okun's
Water and Wastewater
Engineering: Water Supply
and Wastewater Removal
by Nazih K. Shammas,
Lawrence K. Wang