Gothic Imagery 1: The red-room is dark like blood.

It emits strange noises and has a large mirror that distorts Jane's appearance. The late Mr. Reed died there, and Jane imagines his ghost now haunts the room, troubled by wrongdoing regarding his last wishes. Outside it is raining, the wind blows against the moors, faint voices are heard. All of these elements--a dark and foreboding room where a family member died, the color red, ghosts and phantoms, and the romantic gothic scene of rain on the moors--are Gothic and predict future Gothic locales.

Gothic Imagery 2: This incident on the third floor of Thornfield Hall introduces Jane and the reader to the first Gothic aspects of what is to be the most extended location for the rest of the novel. Jane describes the decoration of Thornfield Hall as dark, old, labored with the secrets and memories of the past. Immediately this sets Thornfield Hall off--the Gothic local of the old and mysterious castle or great manor, which has the potential to turn supernatural "strange, indeed, by the pallid gleam of moonlight." (pg. 92), as Jane herself says. This introduction of locale is enforced by Jane's hearing of the strange and disturbingly curious laugh from the attic door. Mrs. Fairfax says it is only Grace Poole, sewing with Leah. But we know immediately that there is more to the story than this simply answer; the intuitive description of the odd laugh by Jane herself foreshadows a more complex and disturbing explanation to come in the future. "I lingered in the long passageway to which this led, separating the front and back rooms of the third story: narrow, low, and dim, with only one little window at the far end, and looking, with its two rows of small black doors all shut, like a corridor in some Bluebeard's castle...the laugh was as tragic, as preternatural a laugh as any I ever heard; and, but that it was a high room, and that no circumstance of ghostliness accompanied the curious cachinnation, but that neither scene nor season favoured fear, I should have been superstitiously afraid." Chapter 11, pg. 94 The reference to Bluebeard's Castle is also an important allusion; the French fairy tale referenced is a pre-Gothic account of a Duke who murders all his wives, locking their bodies in different closets, while forbidding each new wife to look inside each closet. When each bride breaks his commands, they find the dead wives, and are themselves, murdered. This tale provides an interesting foreshadowing of what is behind the door, while using a tale based off a pre-Gothic plot, in the sense that the Gothic plot is composed of the mysterious castle, the cold, damp and mysterious, moonlit natural environment, the mysterious, misunderstood, enigmatic yet lovable male hero, who is only understood and cured of his inner self-torment by the marriage or affiliation with a good, Christian and virginal female character who enters the plot. The opposing dynamic consists of a bad female character, often insane, sexualized and racially inferior by English class standards, who is the hidden secret of the male lead, and the reason for his unending torment. The Gothic plot is Romantic in the literary sense; the myth of Bluebeard is not. It is a dark drama/comedy in some interpretations--a didactic and frightening commentary of society in others. Gothic Imagery 3: The whole incident of meeting Mr. Rochester on the road, against the pallid moon-lit hills and vales, introduces the tortured yet romantic character of the male hero, against a backdrop which is particularly Gothic and contrasting to bringing forth his intense nature. Jane describes Mr. Rochester and her inclinations toward him well: "I traced the general points of middle height, and considerable breadth of chest. He had a dark face, with stern features, and a heavy brow; his eyes and gathered eyebrows looked ireful and thwarted just now; he was past youth, but had not reached middle age; perhaps he might be thirty-five. I felt no fear of him, and but a little shyness. Had he been a handsome, heroic-looking young gentleman, I should not have dared to stand thus questioning him against his will, and offering my services unasked...I had a theoretical reverence an homage for beauty, elegance, gallantry, fascination; but had I met those qualities incarnate in masculine shape, I should have known instinctively that they neither had nor could have sympathy with anything in me and should have shunned them as one would fire, lightning, or anything else that is bright but antipathetic." Rochester is further marked in the following pages (p. 99) and chapters (chapter 12), by dark red, purple or fire imagery given to dcor, nature or the sky. Gothic Imagery 4: This event with 'Grace Poole' lighting Rochester's bedclothes on fire, introduces more dangerous and foreboding elements related to the secret creature who resides upstairs. No information is given here, except that Jane's description of Rochester belies that there is more to the story than simply Grace Poole; also the presence of the violence and destructiveness of fire foreshadows a dark side and violence to come from this secret. The apparent contrast would be Jane, whose imagery is always based off the colour white, black. Rochester's gratitude also introduce the plot necessity of the tortured male hero who can only be redeemed through the good, not violent, wild or sexual female lead; Rochester intimates this when he says, "I knew...you would do me good in some way...I have heard of good genii...," calling her his 'cherished preserver'. This plot aspect resurfaces throughout their relationship, and especially later, where Jane becomes a symbol of what is good, clean, pure and innocent in women, as opposed to Rochester's deranged first wife. Gothic Imagery 5: The striking of the chestnut tree, under which Jane and Rochester had just sat when he proposed the previous night, is foreshadowing of impending separation, disaster and danger for Jane and Rochester. It is also a perfect Gothic symbol, nature predicting human fate to come. Gothic Imagery 6: Jane meets her double here, in this visitation to her room the night before her wedding. As we will see, it is not Grace Poole, but Rochester's first wife who is hysterical and insane, being watched over by Grace Poole in the upstairs attic. This double is the eternal whore, the dirty, befouled and evil woman, to Jane's religious goodness and clean bodily appearance (despite Jane's not fitting into this stereotype in mind and

soul). In her visit to Jane's room, Jane is revisited with the greatest terror, only equalled by her time in the Red Room, for it is the only other time Jane ever passes out. This enactment of the trying on of the veil, and gazing into the mirror, is later re-enacted by Jane the morning of the wedding (page 252). When Jane looks in that very mirror, she says she does not recognize herself, but sees only, "a robed and veiled figure...the image of a stranger." This is typical Gothic imagery. Gothic Imagery 7: A basic plot component of the Gothic novel, and often of the Bildungsroman (or coming-of-age novel), is a romantic and desperate escape/fleeing from the site of romance/male hero. This escape must exist for the female heroine to later return to the locale, often a castle-like structure. Gothic Imagery 8: "I recalled the voice I had heard; again I questioned whence it came, as vainly as before: it seemed in me--not in the external world. I asked, was it a mere nervous impression--a delusion? I could not conceive or believe: it was more like an inspiration. The wondrous shock of feeling had come like the earthquake which shook the foundations of Paul and Silas's prison: it had opened the doors of the soul's cell, and loosed its bands--it had wakened it out of its sleep, whence it sprang trembling, listening, aghast; then vibrated thrice a cry on my startled ear, an din my quaking heart, and through my spirit; which neither feared nor shook, but exulted as if in joy over the success of one effort it had been privileged to make, independent of the cumbrous body." Chapter 36, pg. 371 This manifestation of the voice within Jane's actual frame, where she perceives it in her spirit and mind, and not external, is a traditional Gothic affectation. Once again, it is the idea inherent in the romance novel transferred to the Gothic setting. The romantic soulmate's voice is realized and conjured through the dark spectre/ disembodied voice, irrational and superstitious forms. The importance is placed in the contrast between St. John who is wholly mental is formula, and the transmutation the voice enacts in Jane; she says "her soul woke up--she began to feel". The balance comes in a harmony of spirit, instinct, emotion, mind and body. Her the choice of investigating the voice is raised by Bronte to the equal level of something God-sent and spiritual "independent of the cumbrous body"; meaning it is equal in value and meaning to St. John's previous religious quest for Jane. Mike Zevoteck The English Novel Prof. Giacoppe The Presence of The Red Room Throughout Jane Eyre In charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre there is a specific scene that seems to project itself onto the rest of the novel; the scene in the red room. As I read Jane Eyre, I found it to be a bit uneventful in parts and slow-moving in others. In general, I did not enjoy the book at first. However even before a second review of the book, I realized that the scene of Jane in the red room was symbolic and quite significant to the rest of the text for a myriad of reasons. I submitted several questions about his scene, reread it several times and even did my presentation on Madwoman in the Attic (a book that examines this scene analytically). This `event' occurs rather early in the novel and initially serves to set the unpleasant tone of Jane's childhood. Although it is only briefly alluded to in later parts of the book, the scene is represented strongly throughout the main character's life. The gothic elements of this scene also lend itself well to the underlying tone of the novel. Jane Eyre tells the story of a young girl's life in England in the 19th century. It is a coming of age story as seen through the eyes of Jane herself. Living with extended family Jane experiences many hardships at the hands of her kin. She is often punished harshly and one the occasion in question she is confined to the room of her deceased uncle for misbehaving. Jane's experiences within the Red Room are portrayed solely from her own point of view, giving the reader an insight into how Jane's heightened nerves provoke an unnatural depiction of her surroundings. The room itself is described as a 'vault', the chair becomes a 'pale throne', and the bed is referred to as a 'tabernacle'. The intimidating and restrictive tone of the scene reflects the fact that the narrative is told from a child's perspective and also illustrates the more passionate side of Jane. One of the main aspects of the scene is when Jane looks into the mirror and sees a distorted picture of herself. Bronte appears to use the mirror as a symbol of Jane's inner self, as after she studies her reflection the tone of the narrative changes and becomes a critical examination of her situation and character, something she is forced to do throughout the novel. She views her reflection as a 'strange little figure' or 'tiny phantom', and her later description of Mr. Rochester as a 'phantom' could be an echo of this portrayal of herself as a child. Halfway through the novel the perspective changes to Jane as an adult and involves her retrospect to the scene in the red room. The question that could not be answered by Jane as a child now has some light shone on it. Jane demonstrates that she has been able to overcome the outrages and outbursts that filled her unhappy childhood, and replace it with more mature conduct. Bronte utilizes a large number of linguistic techniques to highlight Jane's emotions in this passage. The use of parallelism in the phrase 'from morning to noon, and from noon to dusk' stresses Jane's seemingly endless struggle with injustice at Gateshead, and the repetition of the exclamation 'unjust!' emphasizes her bitterness towards the Reeds. A series of rhetorical questions and exclamations concerning her discrimination within the Reed household is followed by an extended digression in which Jane broods over the injustice of her situation. This highly emotionally charged passage is emphasized by the personification of her reason as it speaks out against her 'unjust' condition in life. Her feelings are often given a voice in this way to display her innermost emotions, and also to allow the reader to identify with her thoughts and actions. The personification of superstition as Jane describes the impending arrival of 'her hour for complete victory' enhances the supernatural atmosphere. Jane's punishment by imprisonment within the Red Room is the first of a succession of metaphorical captivities, predominantly relating to Victorian society's attitudes towards gender, social class, and religion. Jane criticizes the

prejudice and superficiality of Victorian society by stating that had she been a 'handsome' or 'romping' child, her presence would have been endured 'more complacently'. The events that take place within the Red Room are emblematic of Jane's isolation from almost every community and society. As an orphan raised by a wealthy family, she is accustomed to the education and lifestyle of those of a higher class than herself, but she is not in possession of any money and is even shunned by the servants who describe her as 'less than a servant'. The low ottoman, on which Jane is commanded to sit upon, can be seen as being representative of her standing in society. The image of being confined to a stool and prohibited from rising is redrawn upon at Lowood School when Mr. Brocklehurst unjustly punishes Jane in such a way. Her imprisonment in the Red Room, and in a similar way her punishment at school, acts as a reminder that she is being socially excluded. The isolation Jane experiences as a child prompts her to search her mind for drastic alternatives, such as 'starving herself' or 'running away'. Although these are rather desperate options, they demonstrate her strong characteristics of determination and pride. While within the red room, Jane considers the cruelty of John Reed, who taunts his mother and calls her 'old girl' and yet is still, in Mrs. Reed's eyes, 'her own darling'. Jane notices with heavy irony that John mocks his mother for her dark skin, despite it being 'similar to his own'. Jane's fiery nature is again displayed by her indignation of the fact that 'no one had reproved John for wantonly striking me'. The quarrel between Jane and John Reed also establishes the theme of gender conflict within the novel. Her status as a female leaves her susceptible to John's violence and taunting, and as he is the only son, his tyrannous character is indulged. By fighting back, Jane refuses to conform to the level of obedience that would have been expected of a female in her situation. Bronte often turns to the theme of slavery as a symbol to represent the domestic and social hardships that opposed women in the eighteenth century. The narrative frequently returns to this metaphor in order to illustrate similarities between slavery and gender repression. John Reed is earlier referred to as a 'slave-driver', and while locked in the Red Room, Jane asks how Mrs. Reed could possibly 'like an interloper not of her race', thereby classifying herself as an outcast and also raising questions of racial differences and slavery. The theme of the red room recurs in Jane's mind on occasions when she links her present circumstances to that first feeling of humiliation she experienced in the Red Room. It becomes a leading theme throughout her life, and she recalls on the scene at many later stages in the novel to give context to her most troubled and dark experiences. Bronte also uses figurative language to recall her experiences within the Red Room. The metaphor 'embers of my decaying ire' is used to illustrate Jane's diminishing anger, and in the following chapter Jane is met with the image of a blazing fire as she wakes from her unconsciousness. These references to figurative and non-figurative fires return many times throughout the novel. The passage is heavy with colour and sound imagery, accentuating Jane's heightened senses and emotions while in the red room. The mood is intensified by the repeated descriptions of the room's 'silent' atmosphere, 'chill' air, and the gathering of 'quiet dust'. This somewhat ominous silence is not broken until the end of the extract when a sound fills Jane's ears 'like the rushing of wings'. Jane's initial impressions of the colours within the red room, such as the 'soft fawn' and 'blush of pink', do not at first seem negative, but gradually the colours around her become increasingly more threatening. The colour red is highly significant, being the predominant colour within the room. Red is often used in conjunction with the themes of passion and fury, and the descriptions such as the 'curtains of deep red damask' mirror physically Jane's excessively fervent character. Charlotte Bronte was greatly influenced by the Gothic novels that were in fashion before the time of Jane Eyre. The Gothic novel was popularized in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and was defined by its use of suspense, supernatural elements, and desolate locations to generate a gloomy or chilling mood. The protagonist of the novel would generally be female, and often face distressing or morbid circumstances. In this extract, Jane seems to fit this stereotypical Gothic heroine as her situation is certainly distressing and, although she faints, she demonstrates her resolve to resist those who persecute her, a strength that, as we have seen, was common in Gothic women. The use of suspense is another Gothic technique employed within this extract. The final paragraph of the extract begins with the short, simple sentence 'A singular notion dawned upon me', and then gradually the tension increases as Jane's imagination becomes progressively more frantic and superstitious. The use of long, complex sentences and lists interspersed with commas and semi-colons give the text a fast-paced and frenzied tone. The suspense continues to increase until finally the extract reaches its climax and Jane screams. The scene within the red room is loaded with intricate Gothic imagery and details. Perhaps one of the strongest Gothic elements of the room is the fact that it is the room of her deceased uncle. Also the deep red colour of the room is implicative of death and blood, and both of these aspects feature prominently in the stereotypical Gothic novel that we have read in this class like The Castle of Otranto. The descriptions of the continuous rain and whipping winds paint a vivid Gothic picture of the stormy moors that surround Gateshead that are very similar to Otranto. The supernatural elements in the passage, such as the 'rushing of wings' that fills Jane's ears and her vision of the 'herald of some coming vision from another world', are the most noticeably Gothic. The usage of such obvious Gothic elements so early in the novel forecast impending Gothic ideas and locales later in the text. Perhaps one of the strongest Gothic elements of the room is the fact that it is the room of her deceased uncle. It is the application of these Gothic characteristics that seem to give the novel its widespread appeal. However, although Charlotte Bronte incorporates many of these Gothic influences within Jane Eyre, she has developed the traditional techniques significantly from what would have been the typical Gothic of the late eighteenth century, making Jane Eyre extremely unique in style. The novel clearly contains many Gothic elements, but there are also many strong features of realism within the text. Bronte provides the reader with lengths of highly detailed prose portraying accurately Jane's surroundings, such as the extensive descriptions of the Red Room's interior. Careful

attention is paid to illustrate thoroughly the 'chairs...of darkly-polished old mahogany' and the 'piled-up mattresses and pillows of the bed'. This meticulously detailed imagery adds an element of authenticity and realism to the text, enhanced further by the references to social class and gender issues. Later in the passage, the description of the 'herald of some coming vision from another world' is surrounded by detailed prose, describing Jane's every emotion and movement as she 'rushed to the door and shook the lock in desperate effort'. This extensive use of detail renders even the most Gothic elements of the text realistic. The red room scene has strong elements that stretch across the entire story of Jane Eyre. Several themes, such as those of gender oppression and the Gothic, are first used and then continue to recur throughout the novel. However the red room's importance as a symbol also continues throughout, and every time Jane experiences fear or humiliation her mind returns to her memory of the horror and ridicule of that scene. Many of the Gothic images described in this passage foreshadow future Gothic themes within the plot, and the elaborate Gothic imagery reappears frequently throughout. Jane's life in the novel can be seen as a reflection of that experience from her childhood all the way up until her relationship with Rochester. Taken from Sparknotes.com: The Gothic tradition utilizes elements such as supernatural encounters, remote locations, complicated family histories, ancient manor houses, dark secrets, and mysteries to create an atmosphere of suspense and terror, and the plot of Jane Eyre includes most of these elements. Lowood, Moor House, and Thornfield are all remote locations, and Thornfield, like Gateshead, is also an ancient manor house. Both Rochester and Jane possess complicated family historiesRochesters hidden wife, Bertha, is the dark secret at the novels core. The exposure of Bertha is one of the most important moments in the novel, and the mystery surrounding her is the main source of the novels suspense. Other Gothic occurrences include: Janes encounter with the ghost of her late Uncle Reed in the red-room; the moment of supernatural communication between Jane and Rochester when she hears his voice calling her across the misty heath from miles and miles away; and Janes mistaking Rochesters dog, Pilot, for a Gytrash, a spirit of North England that manifests itself as a horse or dog. Although Bronts use of Gothic elements heightens her readers interest and adds to the emotional and philosophical tensions of the book, most of the seemingly supernatural occurrences are actually explained as the story progresses. It seems that many of the Gothic elements serve to anticipate and elevate the importance of the plots turning points. Taken from a teacher While Pride and Prejudice deals with hypocrisy in a humorous way (as is typical of a comedy of manners), Jane Eyre uses the imagery of gothic fiction to tell its story, scaring us half to death as we go. For those of you who dont remember (or never knew), imagery can be defined as follows: A word or word sequence that evokes a sensory experience. Whether literal, He picked two red apples, or figurative, His cheeks looked like two red apples, an image appeals to a readers memory of seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, or tasting. Images add concreteness to fiction and are an important element in poetry. Writers of essays, too, find images valuable to bring ideas down to earth. (The Bedford Reader) Even though some may think Charlotte Bront used gothic imagery because it was a good way to sell books, its important to consider the richness of these gothic metaphors. Gothic fiction arose out of the last decades of the eighteenth century. At that time, there were violent revolutions in France and America, and British societyrife with class divisionswas feeling the effects. It is out of this social climate that the Gothic novel grew: a new and fearful genre for a new and fearful time. The specter of social revolution is manifest in the supernatural specters of the Gothic: a crumbling way of life emerges as a crumbling and haunted Gothic manor; the loss of English social identity becomes the Gothic hero or heroine's search for identity. (The Gothic: Materials for Study). The catharsis that resulted from the terrors in these novels was a much needed release for the pent up anxieties of the age. Female Gothic Youre probably familiar with the mass market paperbacks that are contemporary rip-offs of gothic fiction. Theyre sometimes called bodice rippers, and if you havent had the pleasure, they run something like this: [A] young, attractive woman (virginity required) [is] running in terror through an old, dark, crumbling mansion in the middle of nowhere, from either a psychotic man or a supernatural demon. She is always terminally helpless and more than a bit screechy, but is inevitably "saved" by the good guy/future husband in the nick of time. (Virgins in Distress and Demons in Disguise from The Gothic: Materials for Study) In some ways, this is true of Jane Eyre. But while it seems similar to these types of novels, it doesnt fit neatly into the mould. Probably there is too much anger, too much intelligence, too much complexity in the character of Jane for her to ever show up in a dimestore novel. So what kind of book is this? More recently critics have coined the term female gothic (particularly Ellen Moers book, Literary Women) to describe the types of fiction where the heroine battles more than just ghosts and bad guys, but the societal limitations which have led to her conflict. In this respect, Jane Eyre was extremely threatening to many readers of its time, not merely because of the antisocial sexual vibrations between hero and heroine, as by the heroines refusal to submit to her social destiny.In other words, what horrified the Victorians was Janes anger (The Madwoman in the Attic by Gilbert and Gubar 338). Another way to describe a gothic novel (that doesnt fit the bodice ripper mold) is moral gothic. As Jane battles the demons of Gateshead, Lowood, Thornfield Manor, and Marsh End, they frequently take the form of moral choices, choices that force her to use her

heart and mind in order to know what is right. The Red Room From the beginning of Jane Eyre, the reader experiences the tension of opposites: subordinates versus tyrants, confinement versus freedom, passivity versus rebellion, the wishes of the living versus the wishes of the dead. From the first few chapters, we come to know our heroine as having a tiny form but a powerful mind. Two of the most prevalent images of the novelfire and iceare evident right away. Pay attention to these images as you read the first nine chapters. When you get to the scene in the red room, notice the imagery there. Some critics have suggested this scene captures the conflict of the entire novel in miniature. How does Bront use the supernatural (or the possibility of it) to further the plot? What are the crucial themes that emerge in this scene? Fairies, Fairy Tales, and Moonlight Here are a few of the dictionary entries for symbol (that apply to literature): 1. something that stands for or suggests something else by reason of relationship, association, convention, or accidental resemblance; especially a visible sign of something invisible 2. an object or act representing something in the unconscious mind that has been repressed 3. an act, sound, or object having cultural significance and the capacity to excite or objectify a response. As X.J. Kennedy says, in writing, symbols usually do not havea one-to-one correspondence, but evoke a whole constellation of associations. In Herman Melvilles Moby Dick, the whale suggests more than the large mammal it is. It hints at evil, obsession, and the untamable forces of nature. Such a symbol carries meanings too complex or elusive to be neatly defined (The Bedford Reader). But even so, we can explore the associations that go with language and, as a result, get more of a feeling for the possible layers of meaning that symbols carry. I like to think of symbols as seeds that grow in our unconscious minds. Too much digging (examination) will definitely spoil the garden, but that doesnt mean that we should ignore symbols completely. Like a gardenia blossom, we can appreciate their beauty without manhandling them. The moon is probably the strongest symbol in Jane Eyre. It will appear, and disappear, throughout the book. Its presence or absence is almost always significant. It is sometimes referred to as feminine, even as Mother. Try to note the page every time the moon is mentioned. (This can be a good paper topic.) What associations does the moon carry with it, either in general or in regard to this particular novel? Fairies and fairytales are mentioned often. Jane is repeatedly described as looking like a spirit, a tiny phantom, half fairy, half imp. In addition, her situation suggests some well-known fairytales. Like Cinderella, she suffers under the rule of her step-family, and like the ugly duckling, she is an outcast amongst them (and her looks arent much to get excited about, either). And dont forget the tale of Bluebeard, which the author mentions in the second section well read. While Bront isnt really rewriting these stories, they are evoked (meaning called forth in our minds)even if not consciouslyby their similarity to Janes situation. These stories are with us (whether the author mentions them or not), because they are in the collective unconscious, which is defined as the inherited part of the unconscious that, especially in the psychoanalytic theory of C. G. Jung, occurs in and is shared by all the members of a people or race. Having these fairytales as background to the main story adds more layers of association to the meaning of the novel. Because of these added associations, an author can use fewer words to say more, adding weight and power to language. Jane & Helen In chapters six and eight, Jane and Helen discuss the proper attitude to take when faced with hardship. Though she is clearly impressed with Helen, Jane is uncomfortable with some of Helens opinions and how she uses religion to support them. How do you feel about Helens philosophy and Janes response to it? I agree with Helen, although my first reaction would be to agree with Jane rightaway. Its natural to feel like fighting back, standing up for yourself, and gaining some justice in an injustice situation, like Janes where she is being falsely accused. But, after that initial feeling subsides I would definitely take Helens approach. Ive been taught to humble myself, not disobey authority even if they are wrong, to love my enemies as myself, and also that I dont have to fight for self justice because only God knows my thoughts and my heart. Anyone can say anything to me, and if Im in a position not to disrespect or disobey that person by talking back I always know they are not the one who determines my fate because they are not God. Its different now being older, however, because Im more in a position to speak up for myself. My manager at work, my husband, and my parents are the people who have say in my life. Its different then the way these two girls are being raised in this strict and very religious school. They dont have a voice and are treated lowly. My manager, my husband, and my parents all have a say in my life but dont treat me like these girls are being treated. There is two way communications and Im allowed to defend myself and say what I think in a respectable and honoring way. There is freedom in this way. If I were in Helen and Janes situation I would try to have Helens attitude, to return good for evilbless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you and despitefully use you. Helen also says that revenge never worries her heart and she lives in calm looking to the end. Helen can live with rest that she knows shes done the right thing and the real judgment will come later from God who knows her heart fully,

unlike the clergyman Mr. Brocklehurst and the rest of the teachers at the Lowood Institution. This humble way is definitely a more peaceful mentality to live by; you dont have to worry about revenge and anger which will only make your life unhappy. Jane meets Rochester Much has been made of the scene in chapter 12 when Jane meets Rochester. Why do you think Bront chose to follow her manifesto on the third floor balcony with the scene of Jane and Rochesters meeting? (Skip this part of the prompt if nothing occurs to you.) Describe the imagery of the scene on Hay Lane (when they meet). How does the imagery (fairies, witchcraft, moonlight) affect your reading of the scene and their meeting? What might be the symbolism of Rochester falling off his horse and needing Jane to help him? The scene with Rochester falling off of his horse and Jane helping him in chapter 12, I believe is symbolism for his actual need for her and for a good woman in his life. He needs the physical and emotional aspects of having a woman to love and be loved by. Im thinking that, also, this scene could possibly be a foreshadow of the ways they help each other through out the rest of the novel. Perhaps this is just the beginning of her helping him and him helping her; they might become friends and have needs from one another met. More gothic elements So far there have been two attempted murders in this book and lots of mayhem. When Mrs. Fairfax shows Jane the third floor, she describes it as like a corridor in some Bluebeards castle. In what ways do the plot, setting, and imagery of this novel seem gothic (at this point in your reading)? In what ways do they not? What elements does the plot have in common with the Bluebeard story? Why is that an appropriate backdrop for Jane Eyre? There is a lot of secrecy happening in this novel. Mr. Rochester seems to be mysterious and full of secrets. Jane becomes very suspicious of Grace Pools role in the Thornfield Hall after she hears a laugh in the hall and finds Mr. Rochesters room aflame; rumor has it that it is Grace Pool. Earlier when she had first arrived she questioned who else lived in the house who she hadnt met yet, referring to the third story room. ---- replied that no one lived there, but as the reader you dont believe it. Another spooky, gothic aspect is when Mr. Rochester fools everyone as a gypsy. Mr. Rochester has hidden agendas with the way he talks to people, manipulates and gains affection with his words. These are qualities of darkness. Later that evening is the second attempt of murder by an unknown, mysterious source in the third floor. These are all huge red flags that something is not right in the Thornfield Hall. The elements that line up so far with the Bluebeard story are that they are both about a secret room which no one is allowed to enter. A deep secret of the wealthy masters is hidden in there and nothing good will come of anyone knowing that secret. This story is gothic and dark because of this huge secret that Mr. Rochester struggles with. We see the conflict he faces, the control he tries to have, his search for redemption and something pure (Jane), and its all very depressing. Janes psychological double: Bertha A theory that is often applied to nineteenth century and Victorian literature is that of the psychological double. This is a term for a character that embodies the unacceptable or repressed side of another character. Gilbert and Gubar, and others, have suggested that Bertha is the psychological double, the secret self of Jane. This isn't meant to be taken literally, of course! Jane is Jane, and Bertha is Bertha. But from a metaphorical or symbolic perspective, consider what the character of Bertha might represent in relation to the character or mind of Jane. Beginning with the scene in the red room, consider the scenes and speeches that relate to captivity or prisoners, the desire for freedom, and madness. Trace these phenomena through the novel, using the idea of Bertha as Janes double. Use the text to back up your ideas. Jane has always been oppressed, lied about, shut up and not able to speak the truth about herself. Her aunt Mrs. Reed would lie, saying that she was a child of the devil, wild, and a liar. Mrs. Reed would lock her in the dark and frightening Red Room, where Jane is terrified by the sight of her uncles ghost, whom she believes has come back to punish Mrs. Reed for her treatment against Jane. Since Jane is an orphan at this time she is trapped at her aunts home and can not leave unless for school or when she is old enough. She does end up leaving and going to Lowood School, where once again she is stuck in an awful situation that she dislikes. The children were deprived of enough food, warm living conditions, enough rest, and a very harsh and strict upbringing. Jane was also declared a liar at this school, thanks to Mrs. Reed. Jane couldnt get out of this stronghold of hatred that her aunt had against her. Nearing the end of the book, Jane still fights for freedom and happiness. She worries that one day Mr. Rochester will stop loving her, will leave her, and that it will have all been a joke played on herself. After so many years of not being loved, but being brutally hated its hard for Jane to grasp that Mr. Rochester could really love her. On the day of their wedding she finds out that Mr. Rochester has had a wife this whole time and can not go through with the marriage even though he wants them to elope together and forget all about it. Berthas existence again proves Jane unworthy of being married to Mr. Rochester, something again robs her of her freedom and happiness to have what she wants in life and to do what she wants to do. Bertha could be seen as Janes side of her personality that isnt oppressed. Bertha acts out in violence, such as tearing up Janes veil a couple of nights before the wedding. Bertha is really the wild one, who needs to be locked up in the top story room; she must be repressed because she acts aggressively and murderously. It is a representation of the frustration and hidden feelings Jane has always kept inside of her and instead acted civilly toward everyone. Gothic imagery in Jane Eyre

Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre is not a typical love story. In fact, it is considered a very typical novel of gothic literature, dealing with a degenerate character, usually the main male character (Rochester), restored by a pure heroic character, usually the main woman character (Jane); and they usually come from aberrant and twisted family situations. This gothic novel also deals with death, darkness, the supernatural, strange and unexplainable encounters, mysterious events, and secrecy all happening usually at night and in an old, big, secluded mansion, such as Rochesters Thornfield Hall, with other spooky scenarios as well, creating a sense of suspense and horror. Jane Eyre captures all of these gothic elements of literature and more. The first major gothic aspect of Jane Eyre is the hateful relationship between Jane and her Aunt Reed, who Jane is bound to by the wishes of her deceased Uncle Reed, who was Aunt Reeds husband. Mrs. Reed detested Jane and wished her dead. (ch. 21. pg. 271) Jane reflects as a child, It must have been most irksome to find herself bound by a hard wrung pledge to stand in the stead of a parent to a strange child she could not love, and to see an uncongenial alien permanently intruded on her own family group. (ch. 2, pg. 22) Gothic literature usually captures very intricate and complicated family situations, which involve much hatred, abuse, lies, trickery, and scandal. Jane experienced all those emotions and events as she was growing up. The Red Room is another crucial gothic image in Jane Eyre. This event not only captures the estrangement between the Reed family and Jane but the imagery of The Red Room plays an important role and character in making this a gothic novel. The red room is where her Aunt Reed sends Jane and locks her up as punishment for her, wrongly accused, behaviour. This room is secluded, dark, cold, and its where Janes uncle passed away. In this haunted room is a large mirror, which when she looks at it she doesnt recognize herself because her image is distorted, which frightens Jane. All looked colder and darker in that visionary hollow than in reality; and the strange little figure there gazing at me, with a white face and arms specking with gloom, and glittering eyes of fear moving where all else was still, had the effect of a real spiritSuperstition was with me at that moment. (ch. 2, pg. 20) Then she also sees a ghostly image of her Uncle Reed which terrifies her to exhaustion, leading her to pass out. She describes, a gleam from a lantern, carried by someone across the lawn; but then, prepared as my mind was for horror, shaken as my nerves were by the agitation, I thought the swift-darting beam was a herald of some coming vision from another world. My heart beat thick-my head grew hot; a sound filled my ears, which I deemed the rushing of wings; something seemed near me; I was oppressed, suffocated; endurance broke down; I rushed to the door and shook the lock in desperate effort. (ch. 2, pg. 23). The event of the red room haunts Jane throughout the rest of her life and she relates it to everything negative that happens to her; its very psychologically unhealthy, all demonstrating gothism once again. In this gothic novel, the characters are very interested in eerie, supernatural things like ghosts, goblins, witches, and gypsies. One of the first signs of eerie, gothic events happening later in Janes life at Thornfield, begin when Jane and Rochester meet for the first time. Rochester is riding his horse and his dog, Pilot, runs ahead of him. At this time Jane is convinced it is a Gytrash, which Mrs. Fairfax had warned her about. It is, supposedly, a lion like creature, with long hair and a huge head. (ch. 12, pg. 134) But quickly Jane realizes theres a man riding a horse after the dog; Jane says, The man, the human being broke the spellNothing ever rode the Gytrash; it was always alone and no goblins, to my notions, though they might tenant the dumb carcasses of beasts, could scarce covet shelter in the commonplace human form. (ch. 12, pg. 134) Of course this happened at nighttime when it is dark, on an abandoned rode, and Jane is walking alone. By creating this type of gothic imagery, it leads the reader to assume that this is only a sign of even darker, more horrifying events to come. Later in the novel, we see more fascination of the characters by the supernatural and the gifting of a mysterious gypsy woman, who is actually Mr. Rochester himself deceiving his friends to mess with them and see deeper into their hearts. (ch. 17 and 18) Rochesters guests were fascinated by the, mystery and intriguing supernatural gifting of a gypsy; they are lucky it was really only Rochester. Furthermore, another major gothic event occurs, adding to this gothic imagery, when Jane experiences something so unexplainable on a drearily dark, depressing night. This isnt the first time Jane hears wild goblin laughter. This laughter is a demoniac laugh; low, suppressed, and deep, muttered, at the very keyhole of [her] chamber-door. (ch. 15, pg. 176) At first she felt it so close as if above her or right at her bedside. Her heart beating so anxiously and chilled with fear, she calls out several times but there is no response and no true explanation to what is happening. Finally, after hearing footsteps continue down the hall and up the stairs she leaves the room only to find Rochesters room is on fire! Only Rochester really knows what must have happened, but Jane is frightened and cant understand why Grace Pool would do such a thing. Jane wonders if she is possessed by a demon. These events, the reader knows, arent caused by Grace Pool, but by the huge, life threatening secret Rochester keeps locked up in the third story tower; it is his crazy wife, Bertha, possessed, bewitched, and murder hungry. Another major aspect of gothic literature is secrecy and the danger that follows; Rochesters secret controls his life and his happiness, eventually effecting Janes happiness and her well being, as well as his guests and home. His secret, after being revealed, leads Jane and Rochester to call off the wedding and part ways. Just a couple of nights before their wedding Jane had experienced his crazed wifes dangerous ways first hand. She is wakened in the middle of the night by a woman who looked purple, with swelled, dark lips, the brow furrowed, and her eyes were bloodshot. It was fearful and ghastly to Jane, reminding her of a vampire. (ch. 25, pg. 331) With its fiery eye it took Janes veil and ripped it to shreds. This beastly woman did no harm to Jane, except to inspire fear and terror in her, and uncertainty of her marriage to Rochester. This is a major theme in gothic literature: a life threatening creature, which imposes fear and danger, causing tragic and strange events to take place. In these ways Bertha plays a huge role in this piece of gothic literature.