Report MIChO Selection 2013

Preliminary Report on the Results of
Malaysian IChO Team Selection 2013

Yau Ching Koon
The marking is made by a scheme decided by the
author and may not reflect the actual marking
scheme of the original authors. Therefore, the
actual results may vary from this finding.
Version 3.0

Preliminary Report on the Results of MIChO 2013

2
Inorganic Problem 1
For this problem, several students are too shy to show their working which could afford
marks in case the final answer is wrong. Some students lost a lot of marks for not showing the
essential steps.
(a) To balance the equation:
2
3 2 2 7 4
CrI Cl O I l Cr O C

+ + + , we balance the three
equations separately:

3 2
2 2 7
2Cr 7 Cr H 6 O H 1 O 4 e
+ +
+ + + [1]

2 4
H O IO 8e H I 4 8
+
+ + + [1]

2
2e 2 Cl Cl

+ [1]
We combine the first two, with six equivalent of the second:

2
3 2 2 7 4
2CrI 31 Cr 6 62 54 H O O IO H e
+
+ + + +
Finally, balance with 27 equivalent of the third:

2
3 2 2 2 7 4
2CrI 31 27 C H O Cl O IO H r 6 l 6 2 54C
+
+ + + + + [1]
A common mistake for this problem is to have the third equation to be balanced as
2
e Cl Cl

+ . Another common mistake includes the failure to balance the
combined first and second equation.

(b) To balance the equation:
4 2 2
4 2
MnO UO U Mn
+ + +
+ + , we balance the two equations
separately:

4 2
2 2
O UO H 2e H U 2 4
+ + +
+ + + [1]

2
4 2
8 5e Mn MnO H O 4H
+ +
+ + + [1]
And combining them, with five equivalents of the first and two of the second, we have:

4 2 2
4 2 2
MnO O U 5 O H U 2 2H 5 2Mn 4
+ + + +
+ + + + [1]
Then, add four equivalent of hydroxide:

3

4 2 2
4 2 2
MnO O 5U 2 4 5 2Mn O 2 UO H H
+ + +
+ + + + [1]

Inorganic Problem 2
(i) More than one answer is possible for this question but no student have justified their
choice by calculating G A or E for the disproportionation. Choose one will do.
Supposed we choose
2
2
Ru(OH)
+
. The half-equations are:

2
2 2
Ru(OH) R H e uO 2
+ + +
+ + 1.5 V E =

2 3
2 2
H e H O Ru(OH) 2 Ru 2
+ + +
+ + + 0.86 V E =
And the balanced equation is:

2 3
2 2 2
2Ru(OH) RuO u H O R 2
+ + +
+ + 0.64 V E =
This is clearly not feasible.
If we choose
2
Ru
+
, the half-equations are:

2
2e Ru Ru
+
+ 0.8 V E =

2 2
2 2
Ru 2 Ru( H O 2e OH) 2H
+ + +
+ + + 0.24 V E =
And the balanced equation is:

2 2
2 2
2Ru 2 Ru Ru(OH) H O H 2
+ + +
+ + + 0.56 V E = [3*]
This is a feasible reaction.
* 1 for choosing, 1 for balanced equation, 1 for emf calculated.
Other wrong choices are:

4 2 4 2
3RuO 4 RuO 2RuO 2 H H O
+ +
+ + + 1.6 2(0.99) 0.38 V E = =

(ii) Choose one that does not show H
+
in the balanced half-equation. Only one will do.
For example,
2
Ru
+
because
2
2e Ru Ru
+
+ has no H
+
in the expression. [2*]

4
* 1 for choice, 1 for equation.
Other possible choices are
4 4
e RuO RuO

+ .
A common mistake is that students failed to give the equation, thus losing some
essential marks.

(iii)
2(1.6) 1.5 0.86
1.39 V
4
E
+ +
= = [2*]
* 1 for formula, 1 for answer.
Some students tend to forget to display the unit.

Inorganic Problem 3
(a) Coordination number of
2
Be
+
is 4. [1]
Coordination number of
2
S

is 4. [1]
Wrong answers could be attributed to: (1) the student does not comprehend the
meaning of coordination number; (2) the student could not visualize a unit cell as a 3D-
translational basic unit, in which the coordination number for sulfide is commonly
given as 2.

(b) There are 4
2
Be
+
ions and
1 1
8
2 8
6 4 + =
2
S

ions. [2]

(c) There is a problem with the question. It should have been the maximum cation radii. In
case one has forgotten, this maximum ratio can be determined from a tetrahedron.

5

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
a a c a c
2
2
a a c
2
c
a
c
a
2 2 cos
1
2 1
3
2
1 1
3
3
1 0.225
2
2 r r r r r
r r r
r
r
r
r
= + +
| |
= + +
|
\ .
| |
= +
|
= ~
u
\ .

Therefore

( ) ( )
2
Be 0.225 1.24 0.279 A r
+
= = [2*]
* 1 for the factor / ratio, 1 for answer.

Inorganic Problem 4
(a) Hexaamminechromium(III) bromide: [Cr(NH3)6]Br3 [1]

(b) Tris(oxalate)cobaltate(III) ion: [Co(C2O4)3]
3
[1]

Inorganic Problem 5
Three ions are formed: one
2
3 4
u( H ) C N
+
(

and two Cl
. [1]

Inorganic Problem 6
1
90 sin
1
3
u = +
c
r
a
r

6
Any two of these: [6*]

2 6 2
O) e B F (H r (

5 2 2
Fe(H B . r O) O H Br (

Hexaaquairon(II) bromide Pentaaquabromoiron(II) bromide hydrate

2 2 2 4
Fe(H Br O) 2 O H . (

2 2 2 4
Fe(H Br O) 2 O H . (

cis-Tetraaquadibromoiron(II) dihydrate trans-Tetraaquadibromoiron(II) dihydrate
* 1 for each correct structure, 1 each for correct formula, 1 for each correct name.

Inorganic Problem 7
The electronic configuration of Co
2+
at high-spin configuration is:

showing three unpaired electrons. [1]
The hybridized orbital is sp
3
d
2
. [1]
Magnetic moment is 3(3 2) 15 B.M. + = [1]

Fe
OH
2
OH
2
H
2
O
H
2
O
H
2
O
H
2
O
2+
2Br
Fe
Br
OH
2
H
2
O
H
2
O
H
2
O
H
2
O
+
Br
H
2
O
Fe
Br
Br
H
2
O
H
2
O
H
2
O
H
2
O
2H
2
O
Fe
OH
2
Br
H
2
O
H
2
O
Br
H
2
O
2H
2
O
t
2g
e
g

7
Inorganic Problem 8
The electronic configuration of Cr
3+
is:
[1]
The crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) is therefore
( )
o
o
CFSE 3 0.4
1.2
=
A
A
=
[2]

Organic Problem 1
(a) [1]

(b) The resonance structures are as shown: [1]

Organic Problem 2
(a) True [1]
(b) False [1]
t
2g
e
g

8
(c) True [1]

Organic Problem 3
(a) [1]
(b) [1]
(c) [1]
(d) [1]
(e) [1]

Organic Problem 4
(a) The structures of A and B are: [3*]

9

A B
* 1 for each correct structure, 1 extra for correctly assigning between A and B.

(b) The mechanism of the reaction is shown below:
[1]
Two products are obtained as the nucleophilic attack may proceed from two different
faces (from the top, the re-face, and from the bottom of the page the si-face) of the planar
carbonyl group.
[1]
Students common mistakes are: (1) not realizing the attacking species is the cyanide ion,
some wrote HCN as the attacking species; and (2) when describing the formation of
enantiomers, students did not provide schemes to assist their explanation.

H
+
O H
R
O H
R
or

10
(c) The structures of C and D are: [2]

C D
Unfortunately, some students do not know that lactones are cyclic esters and gave the
open-chain carboxylic acid as an answer. Some gave the structure of lactones without
indicating the configuration of the hydroxyl groups and here no marks will be given as
the structure of the lactone is already given in the problem. Mere copying does not
justify for any marks.

Physical Problem 1
(a) Energy,

( )( )
34 9
24
6.626 10 2.4 10
1.59 0 J 1
E h
v
=
=
=
[2]

9
2 1
10
2.4 10
2.998 10
8.0 10 cm
c

v
c =
=
[2]
Some students do not realize (rather an error from the question) that the unit joule
cannot be capitalized as Joule which refer to the English physicist James Prescott Joule.
No penalty is awarded though.

(b) Microwave (300 MHz to 300 GHz). [1]

(c) A molecule will change its state of rotational motion upon absorbing a microwave
photon. [1]

11

(d) Nothing can be deduced. The range in spectrum shown is at a factor of 1000 times
greater than that of the wave emitted by the router. [1]
Except for only one student, the others did not observe this fact.

(e) Volume of the tank:

5 3
40 40
1.6
10
0
0
cm 1
V
=
=
[1]
Mass of water in the tank:

( )( )
5
5
1.6 10
1. g 1
1
6 0
m
=
=
[1]
Amount of water molecules:

5
3
18
1.6 10
8 mo .9 l 10
n

=
=
[1]
Number of water molecules:

( )( )
3
27
23
8.9 10 6.023 10
5.4 10
N
=
=
[1]
Number of molecules to be excited:

27
26
5.4 10
5.4
10%
10
N
=
=
[1]
Energy of a photon at
1
79.8 cm
(read any value from spectrum): [1]

( )( )( )
34 10
21
10 1 6.626 2.998 79.8
1.6
0
10 J
E

=
=
[1]
Total energy required to excite the water molecules:

12

( )( )
26 21
5
2
5.4 1.6
8.5 J
8.5 k
10 10
10
10 J
E

=
=
= [1]
Many students cannot give the correct energy because not realizing part (e).

(f) Moment of inertia about C2-axis of water:

( )( )( )
2
4 2
4 27 24 2
47 2
1.2 u pm
1.2 1.661
104.
10 kg m
1.9 k
5
2 1.0078 95.72sin
2
10
10 10
1 g 0 m
I

| |
=
|
\ .
=
=
=
[4*+2**]
* 1 mark for calculating r, 1 mark for calculating I, 1 mark for factor 2, 1 for answer.
** This part of the mark may appear at the following parts too: 1 mark for converting
atomic mass unit to kg, 1 mark for converting pm to m.

(g) The first five energy levels are:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 2
2 2 2 1 6
3 3 3 1 12
4 4 4 1 20
F B
F B B
F B B
F B B
F B B
= + =
= + =
= + =
= + =
= + =

The energy level diagram is:
104.5
2

u =
95.72 pm
r

13
[4*]
* 1 for correctly evaluating F, 1 for drawing a logical energy level (increasing separation),
1 for proper labeling, 1 for starting with 0 J = .

(h) The rotational spectrum is as shown:
[2*]
* 1 mark for shape (several equally spaced peaks with attempt to label), 1 mark for label
of wavenumber. No marks will be awarded if only the spectrum is produced on mere
memory work.

( )
0 0 F J = =
( )
1 2 F J B = =
( )
2 6 F J B = =
( )
3 12 F J B = =
( )
4 20 F J B = =
1
/ cm
c
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
2B 4B 6B 8B
1
/ cm
v

14
(i) The corresponding transitions in the spectrum are shown: [1]

Physical Problem 2
( )( )( )
5 0.200 9.81 1.55
8.04 J
U A =
=
[2]

Physical Problem 3
(a) Exothermic [1]
(b) Endothermic [1]
(c) Endothermic [1]
(d) Endothermic [1]
(e) Endothermic [1]

Physical Problem 4
(i) Heat:

( )( )( )
3 29.4 285 260
2.21 kJ
P
q =
=
[2]

( )
0 0 F J = =
( )
1 2 F J B = =
( )
2 6 F J B = =
( )
3 12 F J B = =
( )
4 20 F J B = =
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
1
/ cm E


15
(ii) Enthalpy:

2.21 kJ
P
H q A =
=
[2]

(iii) Internal energy:

( )( )
2205 3 8.314 285 260
1.58 kJ
H U
nR
P V
U H T =
A = A + A
A A A
=
=
[3]

Physical Problem 5
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )
135 C 7 atm
2
25 C 1.5 atm
7 atm
2
1.5 atm
7 atm
1.5 atm
d 1
d d
d d 0
25 C 135 C,1.5 atm 135 C,1.5 atm 7 atm
d d
408
2 29.4 ln
298
18.5
7
18.5 2 8.314 ln
1.5
,d 0
d
P
T T
dV n
S
R T P
P P
T
P U T
P
S S
nC U P V
P
T T
P
nR
T
nR
P
| |
=
A = A + A
+
= +
= +
=
|
\ .
| |
= =
|
=
=
\ .
} }
}
}
1
18.5 25.6
7.1 J K
=
[9*]
* 1 mark for calculating in steps, 1 mark for integrating temperature, 1 mark for calculating first
term, 1 mark for using first law, 1 mark for substituting dV, 1 mark for knowing d 0 T = implies
d 0 U = , 1 mark for integrating pressure, 1 mark for calculating second term, 1 mark for final
answer.

Physical Problem 6
For the reaction ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2HI g Cl g 2HCl g I g + + , the free energy is

16
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
rxn f f 2 f f 2
1
HCl g I g 2 HI g Cl g
2 95.4 0 2 1.30 0
193.4 kJ m
2
ol
G G G G G
( ( ( ( +

A = A A A

= +
=
A
[3]
The reaction is spontaneous because
rxn
0 G A < . [1]

Name
Electrochemistry
+ Solid state (21)
Complexes
(15)
Organic
(17)
Spectroscopy
(28)
Thermodynamics
(27)
Marks
Chan Jer Yong 16 15 17 21 25 89.9
Kong Yan Xiang 15 14 13 15 13 69.3
Taufiq Hamidi 12 13 13 15 12 65.0
Liew Ziqing 17 10 8 23 14 63.1
Eng Kah Hoe 13 6 10 10 11 49.9
Chong Yue Linn 11 11 4 14 15 45.8
Tan Ke Leen 5 6 6 8 10 32.9
Amirah 2 7 3 9 8 24.5
Jamalina 4 4 4 9 4 23.1
Mohd Ikhwan 5 6 1 6 5 18.8

The final marks are calculated by weighing each section to a maximum of (100/3)%.

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Preliminary Report on the Results of

Malaysian IChO Team Selection 2013

(read any value from spectrum): [1]

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