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Introduction Therban General Performance Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel Therban Performance in Fuel and Fuel + Alcohol
Introduction
1. Regulations on car emissions 2. Different Fuel - Regular Fuel & Bio fuel. 3. Stability of Diesel/biodiesel
1. Comparison of Passenger Car Emissions Standards in the EU, USA and Japan
US California Japan EU
Particulate matters Emissions (PM)/ Standard Euro 2 (1996) Euro 3 (2000) Euro 4 (2005) Fiscal incentives guidance document (2005) Euro 5* (2010) (mg/km) Diesel 80-100 Petrol 50 25 -
Carbon monoxide (CO) (mg/km) Diesel 700/900 560 300 Petrol 500
55 5
200
60 -
75 -
The values shown here are the Commission's proposal from 21 December 2005
1. 1. Emission EmissionStandards Standardsfor forNew New Vehicles Vehicles(Light (Light Duty) Duty) -- Asia Asia
a Entire country b Delhi and other cities; Euro 2 introduced in Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai in 2001; Euro 2 in Bangalore, Hyderabad, Khampur, Pune and Ahmedabad in 2003, Euro 3 to be introduced in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad in 2005 c Beijing and Shanghai d Gasoline vehicles under consideration e for gasoline vehicles f for diesel vehicles Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group
Diesel Fuel Increasing number of vehicles powered by diesel world wide; Germany as leading country: 42.5% car with diesel engine in 2005, total diesel consumption is 30 million tons/y in 2005.
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group
In Europe, RME Rape-seed-oil-methylester (also called FAME: fatty-acid-methyl-ester); Rape seed and sun flower based. In NAFTA, Asia, South America, Soya, Palm based
Spec.-limit
Day 0
Day 7
- Test Condition of Elastomer Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel should be Sensible e.g. Tests for elastomers to withstand 150 C in diesel fuels for up to 500 hours are unrealistic as the diesel/biodiesel itself would deterioate at those conditions - If we need this type of tests, fresh diesel shall be used to exchange the aged diesel every 3 days (since in real life, the diesel in the engine is always fresh).
H H
H H H H
H H H
H C N
R= Ethyl Group
25%
Belts
Others
30 25 20 15 Change in Property 10 5 0 -5 -1 0 -1 5 -2 0 -2 5 -3 0
C h g . Har d . Sh o r e A (p ts .) C h g . Ulti. T e n s . ( %) C h g . Ulti. Elo n g . (%)
30 10
Change in Property
-10
C h g . H a r d . S h o r e A ( p t s .) C h g . U lt i. T e n s . ( % ) C h g . U lt i. Elo n g . ( % ) V o l. C h a n g e ( % )
-1 0 0
V [%]
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 FAME Diesel/FAME
80C 3d
Diesel/FAME: 90/10
ACN [% ]
34
Diesel 39 43
V [%]
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
80C 14d
FAME
Diesel/FAME: 90/10
Diesel/FAME
ACN [%
34
Diesel 39 43
Therban is a good choice for application in Diesel and Biodiesel Increased ACN content further supports performance.
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group
Therban Performance in Diesel and Biodiesel Comparison of Therban AT 5005 with FKM
Therban AT C 5005 VP GBL 600 S GLT 600 S N 990 black compound MgO TAIC (KETTLITZ-TAIC 70) PERKADOX 14-40 B-PD Physical Properties Hardness (Shore A) S 50 (MPa) S 100 (MPa) S 300 (MPa) Tens. Stren. (MPa) El. at Br. (%)
ML1+4/100 C t90
Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group
Comp. 1 100
Comp. 2 100
Comp. 3
100
50
100 50
2,1 9,5
74 2,6 5,5 12,9 12,9 322 70 442
3 3,5 3
78 3,3 8,3 -17,6 245 130 71
3 3,5 3
78 3,6 9,3 -18,8 217 130 64
(ME) (sec.)
Therban AT C 5005 VP 10
GBL 600 S
GLT 600 S
0
Therban AT C 5005 VP
10,00
GBL 600 S
GLT 600 S
-5
B20 RME 125C/168h B20 RME 125C/504h
Volume Change in %
5,00
-10
0,00
Therban Performance in Fuel/Biofuel - Different Fuel Compositions (43% ACN Therban Used)
80
Fuel C is more aggressive than Fuel D 15-30% alcohol has more negative effect Ethanol has less negative effect than methanol Therban performs well in E85
60 Wt% Change
40
20
48 hr @40C
Physical properties within the range of HNBR compounds Even good Low Temperature behavior in combination with high ACN-content!
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Therban A 4307
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
E 85 (168h/40 C)
*Direct comparison to published data: R. Stevens; ACS 2006, paper # 86A: FKM 1 ~ 64% F-content; FKM 2 ~ 70% F-content; both peroxide cured Dr.Sharon Guo, Dec.1, 2010 TRP Business Group
Summary
1. Therban has very good heat resistance, excellent oil resistance and superior mechanical strength. 2. Therban grades with 34 to 50 ACN can be used in diesel and biodiesel application, higher ACN Therban gives less swell. 3. >43 ACN Therban grades are recommended for application in fuel, and biofuel. 4. 50 ACN Therban performs very good in E85 fuel.