2. Design by Eurocode No.

2 a Concrete Building
Applicable CivilFEM Product: All CivilFEM Products Level of Difficulty: Easy Interactive Time Required: 30-35 minutes Discipline: Concrete Analysis Type: Linear static Element Type Used: BEAM3 Active Code: Eurocode N2 Units System: N, m, s CivilFEM Features Demonstrated: Units selection, code selection, material definition, concrete section definition, reinforcement and postprocessing of stresses

Problem Description
The objective is to design the necessary reinforcement of a 2 span and two floors building loaded with distributed load as shown in the figure below. It has a rectangular cross-section.

P H D 0.30 m

0.30 m H

Exercise 2: Concrete Building Design

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 Given
The geometry and load distribution of the simply supported beam are shown in the previous figure. The following is a list of all the input parameters:

Concrete Reinforcing Steel Geometric dimensions

C25/30 S 500

B=5m H=3m

Loads: Punctual load P of 100 kN located at the middle of diagonal bar. Dead load D of 100 kPa located on first floor and roof.

Approach and Assumptions

We are going to discretize the beam with a 2D model, using linear beam elements. Model geometry is defined with solid modeling and automatic meshing of elements and nodes.

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Exercise 2: Concrete Building Design

 Summary of Steps
Preprocessing
1. Specify title 2. Set code and units 3. Define material 4. Define element type 5. Define solid modeling entities 6. Beam & Shell Properties 7. Define Solid Modeling entities 8. Meshing 9. Save the database

Solution
10. Apply displacement constraints 11. Apply pressure load 12. Solve

Postprocessing
13. Enter the postprocessor and read results 14. Plot the deformed shape 15. Plot Bending Moment 16. Axial + bending Checking 17. Axial + bending Design 18. Plot Reinforcement Factor 19. Exit the ANSYS program 20. Log File

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Interactive Step-by-Step Solution

Preprocessing
A typical CivilFEM analysis begins with providing data such as the units system, active code, materials, element types, model and section geometry definition 1. Specify title Although this step is not required for a CivilFEM analysis, we recommend that you make it part of all your analyses. Utility Menu: File Change title
1 2

Enter the title: Concrete Building Reinforcement OK to define the title and close the dialog box.

2. Set code and units Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Setup

1 2

Select CivilFEM Setup Choose Units

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Exercise 2: Concrete Building Design

Ok to use SI units

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3. Define material

Material properties definition is performed with the CivilFEM ~CFMP command. This command automatically defines the ANSYS material properties (density, Youngs modulus, Poissons ratio and thermal expansion coefficient) and the CivilFEM material properties necessary for code checking. In this case we will select Fe 510 steel. The CivilFEM ~CFMP command allows us to define stress-strain diagrams, to define safety coefficients, to control the linear or non-linear behavior of the material and to select the activation time of the material. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocessor Materials
1 2

Pick New Material Choose Materials

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Pick on Concrete Pick on the EC2 icon to choose C25/30 Add Pick on Reinforcing Steel Pick on the EC2 icon to choose S 500 Add Exit

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3 7 4

10

Ok to exit

10

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4. Define element type Checking and designing according to codes is performed only on CivilFEM supported element types. Although you can use any ANSYS element to define your model, only the CivilFEM supported elements will be checked according to codes. In the element type menu you can see the CivilFEM supported beam elements. We will use a 2D elastic Beam 3 for this analysis. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocess Element Types Civil Beams
1 2

Select 2D Elastic Beam 3 OK to define element type

5. Define concrete cross section Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocessor Cross Sections
1

Click Concrete button

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Exercise 2: Concrete Building Design

2 3 4

Select Rectangular shape Enter Ywidth = 0.3 and Zdepth = 0.3 OK to define concrete cross section

4 2

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Modify

Go to Edit Reinforcement Groups

Pick on New Reinforcement button to define group 1

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Exercise 2: Concrete Building Design

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13

Select Material 2 Enter Geometrical cover Gc= 0.03 m Choose Face 2 Select 0: Scalable Amount by number of bars Enter 3 as number of bars Choose Fi = 20 mm Select 4: Bars at both end at MC Ok

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7 8 9 14 10

12

11

13

15

16

Pick on New Reinforcement to define group 2

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17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 13

Select Material 2 Enter Geometrical cover Gc= 0.03 m Choose Face 4 Select 0: Scalable Amount by number of bars Enter 3 as number of bars Choose Fi = 20 mm Select 4: Bars at both end at MC Ok

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17 18 19 20 24

22 21 23

25

26

Ok again and exit

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6. Beam & Shell Properties CivilFEM command ~BMSHPRO will be used to define ANSYS real constants.
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Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocessor Beam & Shell pro

1

Click the New Beam button

2 3 4

Select cross section number 1 Enter Concrete Beam as name for the Beam property Select element type BEAM3

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5 6

Apply Exit Beam & Shell Properties

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7. Define solid modeling entities Now we create keypoints. Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Keypoints In Active CS
1 2 3

Enter 1 for first keypoint Enter x=0, y=0 for coordinates of keypoint 1 Apply to create the first keypoint

1 2

4 5 6

Enter 2 for second keypoint Enter x=5, y=0 for coordinates of keypoint Ok

4 5

Follow the same procedure in point 3 ( x=10, y=0) Now we copy all these points : Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Copy Keypoints

7 8 9

Pick alll Enter 2 copies Enter 3m as Y offset

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10

Ok

Now we create lines joining these keypoints

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Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Lines Straight Line Floor:

7

Pick keypoint 4 and then keypoint 5 .

Pick keypoint 5 and then keypoint 6

Pick keypoint 4 and then keypoint 7

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Exercise 2: Concrete Building Design

Follow the same procedure to create lines for the roof between keypoints 7-8

Now for first column:

10

Line between keypoint 1 & 4

Now for second column:

11 12

Line between keypoint 2 & 5 Line between keypoint 5 & 7

And for third column

13 14

Line between keypoint 3 & 6 Line between keypoint 6 & 8

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12

14

10

11

13

8. Meshing Main Menu: Preprocessor MeshingMesh Tool

1 5 2 3 4 5 5 6

In Size Controls: Pick on Global Set Enter 10 as number of element divisions Ok Mesh Pick all Close Mesh Tool

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3 1

Select everything: Utility Menu: Select Everything

9. Save the database Toolbar: CFSAVE

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 Solution
10. Apply displacement constraints Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Displacement On Nodes
1 2 3 4

Pick the three nodes at supports Ok Choose ALL DOF Ok

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Exercise 2: Concrete Building Design

Select everything: Utility Menu: Select Everything

11. Apply pressure load Main Menu: Solution Loads Apply Structural Pressure On Beams
1

Pick floor & roof elements : 11 to 20 and 31 to 40 to select them ( a total of 20) Enter 1 for Load key Enter 100000 for VAL I OK to apply pressure and close dialog box

2 3 4

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2 3

Select everything: Utility Menu: Select Everything

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12. Apply punctual load Main Menu: Solution Loads Apply Structural Force/Moment On Nodes The force of 100 kN is divided into FX and FY components:
1 2

Select node number 27 Ok

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3 4 5 3

Choose FX Enter value of 85750 N Apply

6 7 8 3

Select again node 27 Enter value of -51450 N Ok

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12. Solve Main Menu: Solution Solve Current LS

1 2 3

Review information in the status window, and then close the window OK to begin the solution Close the information window when solution is done

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 Postprocessing
Postprocessing is where you review the analysis results through graphic displays and tabular listings. 13. Enter the postprocessor and read results You must select the load step from which you want to read the results data, from the CivilFEM results file. This results file contains the calculated forces, moments and stresses. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Read Results By Load Step
1 2

Enter 1 in the Load Step number box OK to read load step 1

14. Plot the deformed shape Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results Deformed Shape
1 2

Choose Def + undef edge OK

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15. Plot Bending Moment Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Code Design Eurocode No.2: Beam ResultsBeams UtilitiesGraph ResultsForces & Moments
1 2

Choose Bending Mom Z OK

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16. Axial + Bending Checking Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Code Checking Eurocode No.2: Check by codeBeams & Solid: 2D Axial + Bend
1

Ok

We plot results: Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Code Checking Eurocode No.2: Beam Results Plot results
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Ok to plot Eurocode No.2 checking criterion.

17. Bending and Axial Design The CivilFEM ~DIMCON command design reinforced concrete cross sections. Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Code Design Eurocode No.2: Design by codeBeams & Solid: 2D Axial + Bend
1 2

Enter 0.5 and 70 as minimum & maximum amount of allowable reinforcement Ok

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Exercise 2: Concrete Building Design

18. Plot Reinforcement factor Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Code Design Eurocode No.2: Beam Results Plot results
1

Choose Reinfact and Ok

Reinforcement factor is plotted, the total reinforcement area must be multiplied by this factor to design by Eurocode No.2.

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19. Exit the ANSYS program ANSYS Toolbar: Quit

1 2

Choose to save everything OK

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20. Log File

FINISH ~CFCLEAR,,1 /TITLE,CONCRETE BUILDING REINFORCEMENT

~UNITS,SI

FINISH /PREP7

! ELEMENT TYPE ET,1,BEAM3

! MATERIALS ~CFMP,1,LIB,CONCRETE,EC2,C25/30,0,0,0 ~CFMP,2,LIB,REINF,EC2,S500,0,0,0

! CROSS SECTION ~CSECDMS,1,REC,1,0.3,0.3,

! BENDING REINFORCEMENT ~RNFDEF,1,1,2,2,0,0.03,,,20,3,,,4 ~RNFDEF,1,2,2,4,0,0.03,,,20,3,,,4

! BEAM & SHELL PROPERTY ~BMSHPRO,1,BEAM,1,1,,,3,1,0,CONCRETE BEAM

! MODEL K,1, 0,0 K,2, 5,0 K,3,10,0

KGEN,2,ALL,,,,3,,0,0
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K,7, 5,6 K,8,10,6

L,4,5 $ L,5,6 L,4,7 $ L,7,8 L,1,4 L,2,5 $ L,5,7 L,3,6 $ L,6,8

! 1ST FLOOR ! ROOF ! 1ST COLUMN ! 2ND COLUMN ! 3RD COLUMN

! MESHING ESIZE,,10 LMESH,ALL

/SOLU

! BOUNDARY CONDITIONS NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0 D,ALL,ALL

ESEL,S,ELEM,,11,20 ESEL,A,ELEM,,31,40 SFBEAM,ALL,1,PRES,100000

ALLSEL,ALL

F,27,FX,85750 F,27,FY,-51450

ALLSEL,ALL SOLVE

/POST1

~CFSET,,1,1

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! BENDING MOMENT ~PLLSFOR,M,Z,-1, ! DEFORMED SHAPE PLDISP,2

~CHKCON,2DB ~PLLSCON,ELM_OK,1, ~PLLSCON,CRT_TOT,1, ! BENDING+AXIAL DESIGN ~DIMCON,2DB,,,0.5,70 ~PLLSCON,REINFACT ! REINFORCEMENT FACTOR

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