Project: Element: Job No.: Made by: Culvert Details 4.

M 133 RN

Verdun Trianon Link Road Box Culvert at Chainage 83.10 m- Chainage 35.46 to 49.4 m Date: 26-Mar-13 Page No.: 1 Checked by: HKM Approved by: HKM Vertical Stress Road Level Soil Above 27.93
5

5 5

Soil Parameters
3

99.97 Unit Weight of Soil unsaturated , (k N/m 3 )= 18 Unit Weight of Soil saturated , sat(k N/m )= 20 Unit weight of water= 9.81 Internal Friction angle,() = 30 Height of water table(m)= 5

BS 8002 :1994 Clause 3.3.4.1

Surcharge due to vehicular Traffic (k N/m 2 )= Coefficient of active pressure, ka= Lateral Pressure at top of wall (kN/m 2 )= Lateral Pressure at bottom of wall (kN/m 2 )= Unit weight of concrete (k N/m 3 )= Assuming 50 mm thick surfacing layer Depth of soil retained by Upper Slab(m)=

10 0.33 27.93 99.97 25

4.1 Unit weight of surfacing layer (k N/m 3 )= 23 Load per m 2 of soil on upper slab (k N/m 2 )= 74.95 Culvert width (m)= 5 Culvert depth(m)= 5 Thickness of wall (mm)= 500 Thickness of Upper Slab (m)= 500 Thickness of base Slab(mm)= 500

BS 5400 PART 2:2006 Clause 6.2 Type HA Loading BD 37/01 Part 14 - Clause 3.2.9.3.1 -Notional lane width (m)= 2.5 Loaded length of Box Culvert, L(m)= 10.5 Note that the loaded length will be the width of the Box Culvert (a) Calculation of HA UDL HA UDL per m of loaded length (k N/m)= 336 (1/L)^0.67 = 69.5 Knife Edge Load(KEL) per notional lane(k N)= First Lane load Factor, 1 = 0.274bl= (For loaded length 0<L(m)<20) For a metre width of deck, Ha (kN/m) = For a metre width of deck , KEL (k N)= (b) Calculation of HB Load 120 0.685 19.0 32.88

BD 37 Part 14 Table 14 -HA Lane Factors

Clause 6.3 Type HB Loading BD 37 Chapter 4

Class of Road carried by structure= Motorways and

Trunk Roads

Number of Units for Hb load (k N)= 45 Nominal Load per axle (k N)= 450 Nominal Load per wheel (k N)= 112.5 Soil Reaction Length of Culvert (m)= 16.2 Width of Culvert (m)= 11.5 Height of Culvert (m)= 6 Area of Culvert in Contact with Earth (m2) = 186.3 Culvert Load Total Weight of Box Culvert (k N)= 7695 Hb load Hb load (k N)= 1259 Soil Cover Load Soil Cover Load (kN)= 13963.19 Beam Load Perimeter Beam Breadth (mm) = 900 Depth (mm)= 1000 Beam Load (k N)= 182.25 Central Beam Breadth(mm)= 1000 Depth (mm)= 1000 Beam Load (k N)= 202.5 (inclusive of Base 500 mm) (inclusive of Base 500 mm)

Total Load in k N= 23301 Pressure on Base of Culvert (k N/m2)= 125

Project: Element: Job No.: Made by:

M 133 RN

Verdun Trianon Link Road Box Culvert at Chainage 83.10 m- Chainage 35.46 to 49.4 m Date: 26-Mar-13 Page No.: Checked by: HKM Approved by:

2 HKM

For Cover exceeding depth 0.6m, the HAUDL/KEL does not adequately model traffic Volume 2 Section 2 loading. In these circumstances the HA UDL/KEL combination shall be replaced by 30 Part 12BD 31/01 Pg Units HB Loading, dispersed through the fill. However, in this case Hb Load = 45 k N, 3/3 hence for analysis purposes Ha loading has been ignored. Dispersal of Wheel loads For the H b vehicle, one unit of Hb corresponds to 2.5 k N per wheel, the side of the square contact area becomes approximately 260mm for 30 units,290 mm for 37.5 Units and 320mm for 45 Units.Therefore use 320 mm as we are designing for motorways.

Reynold'sReinforced concrete Designer's Manual Handbook 11th Edn. Pg 9 Section 2.4.9 Disperssal of wheel Volume 2 Section 2 Part 12BD 31/01 Pg 3/5

BS 5400 Part 2 2006 Clause 6.26

Dispersal of the single nominal wheel load at a spread to depth ratio of 1 horizontally to 2 Vertically through asphalt and similar surfacing may be assumed ,where it is considered that this may take place. The effect of the Vertical load is calculated using Boussineq's equatiion:

CULVERT
112.5 kN

4.10

Point Load, Q (kN) = r= Depth of Soil,z(m)= r/z Influence factor, Ip = Vertical Stress, z (kN/m) = Assumption

112.5 2.21 4.10 0.54 0.252 1.688851192

Joint Dispersal of wheel load on deck of Culvert, therefore multiply vertical stress by 4. For 4 wheels,z (kN/m) = 6.8

ELEMENT DESIGN to BS 8110:1997

SOLID SLABS
Originated from RCC11.xls on CD 1999 BCA for RCC

INPUT Location Deck Mid Span gc = 1.50 Design moment, M 1350.0 kNm/m fcu 35 N/mm gs = 1.05 b 1.00 fy 460 N/mm span 5600 mm Height, h 800 mm Section location SIMPLY SUPPORTED SPAN Bar 25 mm cover 100 mm to this reinforcement OUTPUT Deck Mid Span Compression steel = Nominal d = 800 - 100 - 25/2 = 687.5 mm (3.4.4.4) K' = 0.156 > K = 0.082 ok (3.4.4.4) z = 687.5 [0.5 + (0.25 - 0.082 /0.9)^ = 618.2 > 0.95d = 653.1 mm (3.4.4.1) As = 1350.00E6 /460 /618.2 x 1.05 = 4985 > min As = 1040 mm/m PROVIDE T25 @ 100 = 4909 mm/m . (Eqn 8) fs = 2/3 x 460 x 4985 /4909 /1.00 = 311.4 N/mm (Eqn 7) Tens mod factor = 0.55 + (477 - 311.4) /120 /(0.9 + 2.856) = 0.917 (Equation 9) Comp mod factor = 1 + 0.13/(3 + 0.13) = 1.042 (3.4.6.3) Permissible L/d = 20.0 x 0.917 x 1.042 = 19.109 . Actual L/d = 5600 /687.5 = 8.145 ok .

.
.

ELEMENT DESIGN to BS 8110:1997

SOLID SLABS
Originated from RCC11.xls on CD 1999 BCA for RCC

INPUT Location Upper Slab Support gc = 1.50 Design moment, M 305.0 kNm/m fcu 35 N/mm gs = 1.05 b 1.00 fy 460 N/mm span 5500 mm Height, h 500 mm Section location SUPPORT Bar 16 mm cover 50 mm to this reinforcement OUTPUT Upper Slab Support Compression steel = None d = 500 - 50 - 16/2 = 442.0 mm (3.4.4.4) K' = 0.156 > K = 0.045 ok (3.4.4.4) z = 442.0 [0.5 + (0.25 - 0.045 /0.9)^ = 418.9 > 0.95d = 419.9 mm (3.4.4.1) As = 305.00E6 /460 /418.9 x 1.05 = 1662 > min As = 650 mm/m PROVIDE T16 @ 100 = 2011 mm/m . . . . . . . . . . . .

.
.

Project

Box Culvert Verdun Trianon Link Road

Client Location

REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL

Made by Date Page

BCEG Ltd Upper Slab

Crack Width Calculations to BS8110: 1997/ BS8007:1987
Originated from RCC14.xls on CD 1999 BCA for RCC

RN
Checked

26-Mar-2013
Revision

1
Job No

HKM -

HKM

M133

CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS - FLEXURE

INPUT 35 460 2011 1000 h= 500 d= 442 Minimum cover to tension reinforcement " CO " = 50 Maxmum bar spacing " S " = 100 Bar dia " DIA " = 16 " acr " =(((S/2)^2+(CO+DIA/2)^2)^(1/2)-DIA/2) as default or enter other value = 68.6 "acr " is distance from the point considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar Applied service moment " Ms "= 131.0 CALCULATIONS moduli of elasticity of concrete " Ec" = (1/2)*(20+0.2*fcu) = moduli of elasticity of steel " Es " = Modular ratio " a " = (Es/Ec) = " r " = As/bd = depth to neutral axis, "x" = (-a.r +((a.r)2 + 2.a.r)0.5.d = 13.5 200.0 14.81 0.005 135 KN/mm2 2 KN/mm fcu= fy= Area of reinforcement " As " = b= N/mm2 N/mm2 mm2 mm mm mm mm mm mm mm KNm

mm

" Z " = d-(x/3) = 397 2 Reinforcement stress " fs " = Ms/(As*Z) = N/mm 164 Concrete stress " fc " = (fs*As)/(0.5*b*x) = N/mm2 4.88 Strain at soffit of concrete beam/slab " e1 " = (fs/Es)*(h-x)/(d-x) = 0.000976 Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks " e2 " = e2 = b.(h-x)2/(3.Es.As.(d-x)) for crack widths of 0.2 mm Used 2 e2 = 1.5.b.(h-x) /(3.Es.As.(d-x)) for crack widths of 0.1 mm n/a e2 = 0.000360 Average strain for calculation of crack width " em "= e1-e2 = 0.000616 Calculated crack width, " w " = 3.acr.em/(1+2.(acr-c)/(h-x)) CALCULATED CRACK WIDTH, 'w' = 0.12 mm

ELEMENT DESIGN to BS 8110:1997

SOLID SLABS
Originated from RCC11.xls on CD 1999 BCA for RCC

INPUT Location Wall gc = 1.50 Design moment, M 230.0 kNm/m fcu 35 N/mm gs = 1.05 b 1.00 fy 460 N/mm span 5500 mm Height, h 500 mm Section location SIMPLY SUPPORTED SPAN Bar 16 mm cover 50 mm to this reinforcement OUTPUT Wall Compression steel = None d = 500 - 50 - 16/2 = 442.0 mm (3.4.4.4) K' = 0.156 > K = 0.034 ok (3.4.4.4) z = 442.0 [0.5 + (0.25 - 0.034 /0.9)^ = 424.8 > 0.95d = 419.9 mm (3.4.4.1) As = 230.00E6 /460 /419.9 x 1.05 = 1250 > min As = 650 mm/m PROVIDE T16 @ 150 = 1340 mm/m . (Eqn 8) fs = 2/3 x 460 x 1250 /1340 /1.00 = 286.0 N/mm (Eqn 7) Tens mod factor = 0.55 + (477 - 286.0) /120 /(0.9 + 1.177) = 1.316 (3.4.6.3) Permissible L/d = 20.0 x 1.316 = 26.320 . Actual L/d = 5500 /442.0 = 12.443 ok . . .

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.

Project

Box Culvert Verdun Trianon Link Road

Client Location

REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL

Made by Date Page

BCEG Ltd WALL CRACK WIDTH

Crack Width Calculations to BS8110: 1997/ BS8007:1987
Originated from RCC14.xls on CD 1999 BCA for RCC

RN
Checked

26-Mar-2013
Revision

1
Job No

HKM -

HKM

M 133

CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS - FLEXURE

INPUT 35 460 2011 1000 h= 500 d= 442 Minimum cover to tension reinforcement " CO " = 50 Maxmum bar spacing " S " = 100 Bar dia " DIA " = 16 " acr " =(((S/2)^2+(CO+DIA/2)^2)^(1/2)-DIA/2) as default or enter other value = 68.6 "acr " is distance from the point considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar Applied service moment " Ms "= 191.0 CALCULATIONS moduli of elasticity of concrete " Ec" = (1/2)*(20+0.2*fcu) = moduli of elasticity of steel " Es " = Modular ratio " a " = (Es/Ec) = " r " = As/bd = depth to neutral axis, "x" = (-a.r +((a.r)2 + 2.a.r)0.5.d = 13.5 200.0 14.81 0.005 135 KN/mm2 2 KN/mm fcu= fy= Area of reinforcement " As " = b= N/mm2 N/mm2 mm2 mm mm mm mm mm mm mm KNm

mm

" Z " = d-(x/3) = 397 2 Reinforcement stress " fs " = Ms/(As*Z) = N/mm 239 Concrete stress " fc " = (fs*As)/(0.5*b*x) = N/mm2 7.12 Strain at soffit of concrete beam/slab " e1 " = (fs/Es)*(h-x)/(d-x) = 0.001423 Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks " e2 " = e2 = b.(h-x)2/(3.Es.As.(d-x)) for crack widths of 0.2 mm Used 2 e2 = 1.5.b.(h-x) /(3.Es.As.(d-x)) for crack widths of 0.1 mm n/a e2 = 0.000360 Average strain for calculation of crack width " em "= e1-e2 = 0.001063 Calculated crack width, " w " = 3.acr.em/(1+2.(acr-c)/(h-x)) CALCULATED CRACK WIDTH, 'w' = 0.20 mm

ELEMENT DESIGN to BS 8110:1997

SOLID SLABS
Originated from RCC11.xls on CD 1999 BCA for RCC

INPUT Location Base Slab gc = 1.50 Design moment, M 31.0 kNm/m fcu 35 N/mm gs = 1.05 b 1.00 fy 460 N/mm span 5500 mm Height, h 500 mm Section location SIMPLY SUPPORTED SPAN Bar 16 mm cover 50 mm to this reinforcement OUTPUT Base Slab Compression steel = None d = 500 - 50 - 16/2 = 442.0 mm (3.4.4.4) K' = 0.156 > K = 0.005 ok (3.4.4.4) z = 442.0 [0.5 + (0.25 - 0.005 /0.9)^ = 439.8 > 0.95d = 419.9 mm (3.4.4.1) As = 31.00E6 /460 /419.9 x 1.05 = 169 < min As = 650 mm/m PROVIDE T16 @ 300 = 670 mm/m . (Eqn 8) fs = 2/3 x 460 x 169 /670 /1.00 = 77.1 N/mm (Eqn 7) Tens mod factor = 0.55 + (477 - 77.1) /120 /(0.9 + 0.159) = 2.000 (3.4.6.3) Permissible L/d = 20.0 x 2.000 = 40.000 . Actual L/d = 5500 /442.0 = 12.443 ok . . .

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.

Project

Box Culvert Verdun Trianon Link Road

Client Location

REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL

Made by Date Page

BCEG Ltd BASE CRACK WIDTH

Crack Width Calculations to BS8110: 1997/ BS8007:1987
Originated from RCC14.xls on CD 1999 BCA for RCC

RN
Checked

26-Mar-2013
Revision

1
Job No

HKM -

HKM

M 133

CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS - FLEXURE

INPUT 35 460 2011 1000 h= 500 d= 452 Minimum cover to tension reinforcement " CO " = 40 Maxmum bar spacing " S " = 100 Bar dia " DIA " = 16 " acr " =(((S/2)^2+(CO+DIA/2)^2)^(1/2)-DIA/2) as default or enter other value = 61.3 "acr " is distance from the point considered to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar Applied service moment " Ms "= 28.0 CALCULATIONS moduli of elasticity of concrete " Ec" = (1/2)*(20+0.2*fcu) = moduli of elasticity of steel " Es " = Modular ratio " a " = (Es/Ec) = " r " = As/bd = depth to neutral axis, "x" = (-a.r +((a.r)2 + 2.a.r)0.5.d = 13.5 200.0 14.81 0.004 137 KN/mm2 2 KN/mm fcu= fy= Area of reinforcement " As " = b= N/mm2 N/mm2 mm2 mm mm mm mm mm mm mm KNm

mm

" Z " = d-(x/3) = 406 2 Reinforcement stress " fs " = Ms/(As*Z) = N/mm 34 Concrete stress " fc " = (fs*As)/(0.5*b*x) = N/mm2 1.01 Strain at soffit of concrete beam/slab " e1 " = (fs/Es)*(h-x)/(d-x) = 0.000197 Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks " e2 " = e2 = b.(h-x)2/(3.Es.As.(d-x)) for crack widths of 0.2 mm Used 2 e2 = 1.5.b.(h-x) /(3.Es.As.(d-x)) for crack widths of 0.1 mm n/a e2 = 0.000347 Average strain for calculation of crack width " em "= e1-e2 = -0.000149 Calculated crack width, " w " = 3.acr.em/(1+2.(acr-c)/(h-x)) CALCULATED CRACK WIDTH, 'w' = -0.02 mm

9 (C) 10 (C) 11 (C) 12 (C) 13 (C) 14 (C) 15 (C) 16 (C)

ULS Dead+ Surfacing+Ha UDL+HaKEL(midspan)+Ev+Eh ULS Dead+ Surfacing+Ha UDL+HaKEL(support)+Ev+Eh ULS Dead+ Surfacing+Hb(midspan)+Ev+Eh ULS Dead+ Surfacing+Hb(support)+Ev+Eh SLS Dead+ Surfacing+Ha UDL+HaKEL(midspan)+Ev+Eh SLS Dead+ Surfacing+Ha UDL+HaKEL(support)+Ev+Eh SLS Dead+ Surfacing+Hb(midspan)+Ev+Eh SLS Dead+ Surfacing+Hb(support)+Ev+Eh

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1 1 1

5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8

1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1