Raffles 25,000T Cement Silo - Structural Calculations - ST 09

Project: Raffles 25,000T Cement Silo
ST09 Issued for BCA Approval

Structural Calculations
Reference: 227268
Prepared for: Mott
MacDonald
Revision: 1
20 November 2012
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ST09 Issued for BCA Approval

Structural Calculations
Report Title
Document ID
227268
Project Number
File Path
P:\227268 - Raffles Cement Singapore\002-01\Report\ST 09 - Issued for

BCA Approval\227268 - Raffles 25,000T Cement Silo - Structural
Calculations - ST 09.docx
Client
Mott MacDonald
Client Contact
Revision Details/Status
Prepared by
Author
Verifier
Approver
TJH
MM/AW
TJH
GF
Rev
Date
20 November 2012
Current Revision
Approval
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Approver Signature
Name
Name
Title
Title
Project 227268 | File 227268 - Raffles 25,000T Cement Silo - Structural Calculations - ST 09.docx | 20 November 2012 |
Revision 1
Contents
1.
Design Information
1.1
Project Information
1.2
Design Standards
1.3
Loadings
Wind Load
1.3.2
Seismic Load
1.3.3
Load Cases for Silo Storage Structure
1.3.4
Load Cases for Stair Tower, Silo Head House and Under Cone Steelwork
1.4
Materials
1.5
Detailing Guidelines
1.6
3.
1.3.1
1.5.1
Silo
1.5.2
Foundations
1.5.3
Steel Beams
1.5.4
Steel Columns
1.5.5
Flooring
1.5.6
Purlins and Rails (Girts)
Summary of Software and Computer Models

1.6.1
Finite Element Analysis
1.6.2
General Structural Analysis
1.6.3
Design of Reinforced Concrete Sections
1.6.4
Design of Steel Sections
Loadings
3.1
3.2
Wind Load
3.1.1
Wind Load with Uniform Distribution
3.1.2
Wind Load with Exact Distribution Pattern
Contents Load
3.2.1
Silo Geometry
3.2.2
Geometrical Parameters of Outer Cell
3.2.3
Geometrical Parameters of Inner Cell
3.2.4
Material Parameters
3.2.5
Basic Load Cases
3.2.6
Combination Load Cases
3.2.7
Loading Tables
Revision 1
7.
High Rise Wall Reinforcement Design

7.1
7.2
Design Loading
7.1.1
Load Cases for Strength
7.1.2
Load Cases for Serviceability
7.1.3
Thermal Effects
7.1.4
Loading from Eurocode EN 1991:2006
7.1.5
Spreadsheet Output
Design Actions from Finite Element Model (Strand7) 6

7.2.1
7.3
Outer Reinforcement: Post Tensioning

7.3.1
7.4
7.5
Finite Element Model 6
Horizontal
Outer Reinforcement: Passive Reinforcement

7.4.1
Horizontal (Inner and Outer Face)
7.4.2
Vertical
7.4.3
Shear
Inner Passive Reinforcement

7.5.1
Horizontal
7.5.2
Vertical
7.5.3
Shear
7.6
Tabular and Graphical Output for Design Flow Specified Above
7.7
Outer Wall Section Interaction Diagrams
7.8
Graphical Output, Outer Wall
7.9
Spreadsheet Tabular Output, Outer Wall
7.10 Inner Wall Section Interaction Diagrams

7.11 Graphical Output, Inner Wall
7.12 Spreadsheet Tabular Output, Inner Wall
7.13 Inner Wall Passive Reinforcement Re-Design
9.
Main Roof
9.1
Roof Slab Design
9.2
Steel Frames
9.2.1
SPACE GASS Model
9.2.2
Beam and Connection Types
9.3
Pre-cambers
9.4
Design Parameters and Sketches
9.5
Calculation of Cast in Weld Plate Capacity
9.6
Inner Cell Steel Frame LIMCON Output Connection Design

9.6.1
254 x 137 UB 37 to 838 x 126 UB 225
Revision 1
9.7
Outer Cell Steel Frame LIMCON Output Connection Design

9.7.1
254 x 137 UB 37 to Cast in Weld Plate
9.8
Inner Cell Steel Frame SPACE GASS Output Member Design
9.9
Outer Cell Steel Frame SPACE GASS Output Member Design
9.10 Concrete Slab Design - LYSAUGHT BONDEK DESIGN SOFTWARE

10. Under Cone Steelwork
10.1 Column Design
10.1.1 Columns on Level 3
10.1.2 Columns on Level 2
10.1.3 Column on Level 1
10.2 Beam Design
10.2.1 Beams on Level 5
10.2.6 Beams on Ground Level
10.3 Design of the Connections
12. Stair Tower and Bucket Elevator Platform
12.1 Stair Tower
12.1.1 Beam Design
12.1.2 Column Design
12.1.3 Brace Design for Longitudinal Direction
12.1.4 Brace Design for Transverse Direction
12.2 Head House
12.2.1 Beam Design
12.2.2 Column Design
12.2.3 Brace Design
12.3 Bucket Elevator Platform
12.3.1 Brace Design
12.3.2 Design of the Connections to Silo Wall
13. Air Slide Steelwork
13.1 Beam Design
13.2 Trestle
13.2.1 Column Design for Trestle
13.2.2 Brace Design for Trestle
14. Conical Roof Design
Revision 1
P1-1
1.
Design Information
1.1
Project Information
Client:
Mott MacDonald
Project:
Raffles 25,000 Tonne Cement Silo
Discipline:
Civil/Structural
Site Location:
Singapore
1.2
Design Standards
AS 3774:1996
Loads on Bulk Solids Containers
BS 8110: 1997
Structural Use of Concrete
BS 5950-1:2000
Structural Use of Steelwork in Building, Part 1
CP 3: 1972
Code of Basic Data for the Design of Buildings, Chapter V: Part 2: Wind
Loads
CP 4: 2003
Singapore Standard. Code of Practice for Foundations
EN 1991-4
EUROCODE 1, Actions on Structures, Part 4: Silos and Tanks
1.3
Loadings
1.3.1
Wind Load
Parameter
Value
Basic wind speed (V)
41 m/s
Topography factor (S1)
1.0
Probability factor (S3)
1.0
1.3.2
Seismic Load
Design for seismic loads is not required.

1.3.3
Load Cases for Silo Storage Structure
Primary Load Cases

Load Case
Description
Self-Weight
Superimposed Dead Load
Revision 1
P1-2
Platform and Roof Live Load
Inner Cell Fill (Initial/Static) Storage
Inner Cell Discharge (Flow) Storage
Inner Cell Eccentric Discharge (rc=0.25r)
Outer Cell Fill (Initial/Static) Storage
10
Outer Cell Discharge (Flow) Storage
11
Outer Cell Eccentric Discharge (rc=0.25r)
12
13
14
Final Prestress (After All Immediate and Time Dependent Losses)

Load Combination for Design of Low Rise Wall
Low rise wall is a supporting element for the storage zone. As such, it is designed for gravity loads
from the stored material without flow multipliers. The load combination used is:
1.4DL + 1.6Live + 1.4 Inner Cell Initial Storage + 1.4 Outer Cell Initial Storage + 1.0 Final
Prestress (after all losses).
Load Combination for Design of Inner Cell Ring Beam

A) Designing Inner Cell Support Beam:
Inner cell support beam at top of the outer cell cone is designed to support horizontal reactions from
the inner cell wall and inner cell cone and slip form prior to augmentation of the cross section after
erection of the inner cone panels. Therefore, the load combination used is:
1.4DL + 1.6LL
B) Designing Inner Cell Ring Beam:

Inner cell ring beam, in service, is designed to resist horizontal thrust and torsion from inner cell wall.
Therefore, the load combination used is:
DL + 1.6 LL + 1.6 Inner Cell Friction + 1.6 Outer Cell Wall Friction
Load Combination for Design of Outer Cell Ring Beam

Outer cell ring beam is a supporting element for the storage zone. As such, it is designed for gravity
loads from the stored material without flow multipliers. The load combination used is:
1.4DL + 1.6Live + 1.4 Inner Cell Initial Storage + 1.4 Outer Cell Initial Storage + 1.0 Final
Prestress (after all losses).
Revision 1
P1-3
Load Combination for Design of Precast Cone Panels

Precast cone panels are design for the following load combinations:
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Inner Cell Initial Storage + 1.6 Outer Cell Initial Storage
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Inner Cell Flow + 1.6 Outer Cell Flow
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Inner Cell Flow (Outer Cell Empty)
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Inner Cell Flow + 1.6 Inner Eccentric Discharge (Outer Cell Empty)
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Outer Cell Flow (Inner Cell Empty)
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Outer Cell Flow + 1.6 Outer Eccentric Discharge (Inner Cell Empty)
Load Combination for Design of High Rise Wall

A) Designing Outer Wall
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Outer Cell Flow + 1.0 Final Prestress (after all losses).
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Outer Cell Initial + 1.0 Final Prestress (after all losses).
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Outer Cell Flow + 1.6 Inner Cell Flow + 1.0 Final Prestress (after all
losses).
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Outer Cell Initial + 1.6 Inner Cell Initial + 1.0 Final Prestress (after all
losses).
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Outer Cell Eccentric Discharge (with flow channel radius being the
inner/outer wall distance) + 1.6 Inner Cell Flow + 1.0 Final Prestress (after all losses).
B) Designing Inner Wall
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Inner Cell Flow
1.4DL + 1.6LL (roof) + 1.6 Inner Cell Initial
1.4DL + 1.6LL (roof) + 1.6 Inner Cell Flow + 1.6 outer Cell Flow
1.4DL + 1.6LL (roof) + 1.6 Inner Cell Initial + 1.6 Outer Cell Initial
1.4DL + 1.6LL (roof) + 1.6 Inner Cell Eccentric Discharge (no opposing force from outer cell)
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Outer Cell Flow (Inner Cell Empty)
1.4DL + 1.6LL + 1.6 Outer Cell Flow + 1.6 Outer Eccentric Discharge (Inner Cell Empty)
1.3.4
Load Cases for Stair Tower, Silo Head House and Under Cone Steelwork
Primary Load Cases

Load Case
1
Description
Dead Load
Structure self-weight
Equipment dead load including bins
Imposed Loads
Revision 1
P1-4
Floor walkway load including dust (5kPa)
Equipment load (as nominated on mechanical drawings)
Wind Loads (V=41 m/s)

Load Case
Description
General Load Combination

4
1.4 Dead + 1.6 Imposed
Load Combination for External Members Exposed to Wind Load Only

5
1.2 Dead + 1.2 Imposed + 1.2 East/West Wind
1.2 Dead + 1.2 Imposed + 1.2 North/South Wind
1.4 Dead + 1.4 East/West Wind
1.4 Dead + 1.4 North/South Wind
1.0 Dead + 1.4 East/West Wind
10
1.0 Dead + 1.4 North/West Wind
1.4
Materials
Concrete
C40 (cube strength) for cast in-situ structural concrete

C50 (cube strength) for precast panels
Reinforcement
Deformed bar type 2, fy = 460 MPa
Structural Steel
Grade 275
Prestressing
- 12.7 mm diameter 7 wire super grade, low relaxation strand

- Ultimate tensile strength of strand = 1840 MPa
- Maximum jacking force = 0.75 x characteristic strength of tendon (min
breaking load)
- Assumed anchor friction loss = 2%
- Assumed anchorage draw in = 6 mm
- Assumed duct friction coefficient = 0.2
- Assumed duct profile coefficient = 0.0025
1.5
Detailing Guidelines
1.5.1
Silo
Loads on the silo to be developed using EN 1991-4.
Revision 1
P1-5
Material stored in the silo is cement, and material parameters for design are as listed below:
Parameter
Value
Design Density
1600 kg/m3
Angle of Repose
0 degrees
Angle of Internal Friction
25 to 37 degrees
Angle of Wall Friction
0.48 to 0.55 (for Wall Type D3)
Vertical Pressure Multiplier
0.45 to 0.65
Specific design criteria:
1.5.2
Grating type is webforge C325MPG.

Grating weight is 34.2 kg/m2.
Maximum clear span between support beam flanges is 1500mm.
Steel Plate
1.5.6
Flooring
Floor Grating
Steel Columns
Girts or rails not to be considered as effective buckling restraints for heavily loaded columns.
Columns to be designed for floor beam reactions applied at 50mm eccentricity and 5% accidental
eccentricity in the direction with no beam attached.
Refer standard fabrication drawings for typical splice and base plate details.
1.5.5
Steel Beams
Major support beams and beams supporting vibrating loads shall have bolted end plate
connections.
Minor beams may utilise fin plate connections.
Refer standard fabrication drawings for typical details.
1.5.4
Foundations
Pad footings generally to be founded on 20MPa (cube strength) blinding concrete.
1.5.3
Design considers the thermal gradients due to contents temperature of 90C and a coexisting
minimum external ambient temperature of 20C.
Design considers the effects of eccentric discharge from one outlet at any one time in
accordance with the methods introduced in EN 1991-4
Design considers the simultaneous discharge from the inner and outer cells
The silo is founded on 36 1400dia bored piles with a working load capacity of 1177 tonnes
each.
6mm thick, maximum span 1000mm.

Plates to be screw fixed to support beams by diameter 6 countersunk screws at 300mm
maximum centres.
Screw fixed plate not to be considered effective as a lateral restraint to supporting beams.
Purlins and Rails (Girts)
Maximum spacing to be 1500mm
Revision 1
P1-6
1.6
Summary of Software and Computer Models
1.6.1
Finite Element Analysis
STRAND 7: Finite Element Analysis System, Release 2.4.4

1.6.2
General Structural Analysis
ETABS 9: Extended 3D Analysis of Building Systems, Nonlinear version 9.7.3

SAP 2000: Structural Analysis Program, version 15.0.1
1.6.3
Design of Reinforced Concrete Sections
GenCol: Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Column

Local spread sheets for design of concrete sections
1.6.4
Design of Steel Sections
Local spread sheets for design of concrete sections (based on BS 5950-1: 2000)
Revision 1
3.
Loadings
3.1
Wind Load
3.2
3.1.1
Wind Load with Uniform Distribution
3.1.2
Wind Load with Exact Distribution Pattern
Contents Load
3.2.1
Silo Geometry
3.2.2
Geometrical Parameters of Outer Cell
3.2.3
Geometrical Parameters of Inner Cell
3.2.4
Material Parameters
3.2.5
Basic Load Cases
3.2.6
3.2.7
Loading Tables
Revision 1
7.
7.1
Design Loading
7.2
7.1.1
Load Cases for Strength
7.1.2
Load Cases for Serviceability
7.1.3
Thermal Effects
7.1.4
Loading from Eurocode EN 1991:2006
7.1.5
Spreadsheet Output
Design Actions from Finite Element Model (Strand7) 6

7.2.1
7.3
Outer Reinforcement: Post Tensioning

7.3.1
7.4
7.5
Finite Element Model 6
Horizontal
Outer Reinforcement: Passive Reinforcement

7.4.1
Horizontal (Inner and Outer Face)
7.4.2
Vertical
7.4.3
Shear
Inner Passive Reinforcement

7.5.1
Horizontal
7.5.2
Vertical
7.5.3
Shear
7.6
Tabular and Graphical Output for Design Flow Specified Above
7.7
Outer Wall Section Interaction Diagrams
7.8
Graphical Output, Outer Wall
7.9
Spreadsheet Tabular Output, Outer Wall
7.10
Inner Wall Section Interaction Diagrams
7.11
Graphical Output, Inner Wall
7.12
Spreadsheet Tabular Output, Inner Wall
7.13
Inner Wall Passive Reinforcement Re-Design
Revision 1
P7-1
7.
7.1
DesignLoading
7.1.1
LoadCasesforStrength
Loadcasesconsideredforstrength(ULS)forthehighrisewallinclude:
Immediatelyafteremptyingwithmaximumposttension(PTTRANSFER)andmaximumthermal
gradient
Immediatelyafteremptyingwithminimumposttension(PTFINAL)andmaximumthermal
gradient
SilounderdischargeloadswithEccentricDischargeasdefinedinEN1991:2006andmax
thermalgradient
Oftheseloadcases,theeccentricdischargeloadcaseisgoverningduetothehighmoments
generatedbytheflowchannelcase.ThisloadcaseismorecriticalthanloadscalculatedfromAS
3774andgreaterthanthermallyinducedmomentsalone.
7.1.2
LoadCasesforServiceability
Theserviceabilitycriterionforthehighrisewallisbasedoncontrollingthewidthofcracksthatoccur
inthehighrisewall.Theserviceabilityloadcaseunderconsiderationdoesnotincludemoments
generatedfromeccentricdischargeloading,asundernormaloperationeccentricdischargeloads
shouldnotoccur.Inthiscase,crackswillnotoccurastheminimumposttensionissignificantly
higherthananyhooptensionforcesthatoccur,keepingthewallsectioninpermanentcompression.
7.1.3
ThermalEffects
Assumethefollowingformula(Frenchcode)forthethermalgradientabovethesilocontents(orfor
thesituationimmediatelyafteremptying
h

h 0.35
Assumethefollowingformulaforthethermalgradientinthewallbelowthesilocontents
0.08

104 0.08h
Project 227268 | File 227268 - Raffles 25,000T Cement Silo - HRW Calculations.docx | 30 March 2012 | Revision 0 | Page
2
P7-2
AmbientTemp
Internal(Contents)Temp
OuterWallThermalGradient(silo
empty)
OuterWallThermalGradient(silofull)
InnerWallThermalGradient(silo
empty)
InnerWallThermalGradient(silofull)
20
90
17
38
15
35
Table:Temperaturesusedincalculationofthermalgradientandthermalgradientvalues
Themaximumthermallyinducedhorizontalmomentoccurswithmaximumaxialcompressiveforce
(PTTransferforexternalwall,and0forinternalwall)andzerootherbendingmomentdemand.This
thermalmomentis192kNmfortheexternalwall,and103kNmfortheinnerwall.
Asthehorizontalcapacitiesofthewallareeverywheregreaterthanthesevalues,thisloadcaseis
acceptableforULS.
7.1.4
LoadingfromEurocodeEN1991:2006
Thedesignloadingappliedtothehighrisewallfortheouterandinnercellshasbeencalculated
usingEN1991:2006.Thisspecifiesloadsfallingintothefollowingcategories:
FillingPressure
o NormalPressureonthewall(varieswithheight)
o VerticalTractiononthewall(varieswithheight)
DischargePressure
o NormalPressureonthewall(varieswithheight)
o VerticalTractiononthewall(varieswithheight)
EccentricDischargePressure,whereaflowchannelformsinsidethesilo
o NormalPressureonthewall(variesaroundthewallandwithheight)
o VerticalTractiononthewall(variesaroundthewallandwithheight)
Thecriticaldesigncasefortheouterandinnercellhighrisewallistheeccentricdischargecase,
whereaflowchannelformsagainstthesilowall.Thewallpressuresandtractionsdependonthe
flowchannelradius,andEN1991specifiesthat3radiiofbeconsidered:0.25rsilo,0.4rsilo,and0.6rsilo.
Theoutercellofthesiloisanannulus,notacompletecylinderasgiveninthecode.Inthiscase,rsilo
hasbeentakentobethedistancebetweentheinnerandouterwallsoftheoutercell.The
circumferentialdistanceoverwhichtheeccentricloadsareapplied(theanglecfromEN1991)have
alsobeenadjustedtoreflectthegeometryoftheannulus(adecreasefromtheanglesforthe
normalconcentriccase.)
Thedesignactionshavebeencalculatedusingaspreadsheetwhichimplementstheequationsgiven
inEN1991.ThefiguresbelowshowsthedefinitionofthevariablesinthespreadsheetfromEN1991
3
P7-3
andsampleoutputforthenormalpressuresagainstthesilowallforaflowchannelcase(Phae,Phce,
andPhse)
Figure:VariabledefinitionsfromEN1991(Upperfigure:fillingordischargeloads.Lowerfigure:
FlowChannelLoadCase.Annularsituationhasbeenadaptedfromthisfigure)
Pressure(kPa)
Eccecntric Discharge Pressures

160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Phae
Phce
Phse
Phf (trend)
Phe (trend)
Poly. (Phse)
10
20
30
40
50
60
Depth Below Effective Surface (m)
70
Figure:RepresentativeSpreadsheetgraphicaloutputfortheloadsPhae,Phce,andPhse
4
P7-4
7.1.5
SpreadsheetOutput
Thefollowingpagescontainfulloutputfromtheloadingspreadsheets.
5
P7-19
7.2
DesignActionsfromFiniteElementModel(Strand7)
7.2.1
FiniteElementModel
ThesilohasbeenmodelledinthefiniteelementanalysissoftwareStrand7.Theloadscalculatedin
theprevioussectionhavebeenappliedtothemodelwhichisshownintheFigurebelow.
Figure:Strand7ModelofSilo
Todeterminethedesignactionsonthesilo,thefollowingprocesshasbeenundertaken:
Selectallplateelementsformingtheinnerandouterhighrisewalls
Exportthedesignactionsforthegoverningloadcase(eccentricdischarge,0.6rsilo)toa
spreadsheet
Graphtheresultsfortheentiresetofplateelementstovisuallyinspectthedesignloads
Dividetheouterandinnerhighrisewallinto61verticalsectionsorslices
Determinethecriticaldesignactionsforeachverticalslice
o Maximumflexuralmoments(destabilising)
o Maximumhooptensionforces(destabilising)
6
P7-20
Minimumverticalcompressionforces(stabilisingduetoeffectoninteraction
diagram)
Incorporatecriticaldesignactionsintodesignspreadsheetforeachoftheverticalslices
o
Itisnotedthatthedesignactionsvaryaroundthewallofthesiloduetothepresenceoftheflow
channelinonearea,andthecriticalvaluesofeachparameter(moment,axialload)maynotoccur
togetherashasbeenassumed.Theapproachisconservativeasthecriticaldesignactionsforthe
entirewallareselected,withoutreferencetocircumferentiallocation.
Thisapproachalsoensuresthatthemaximumdesignactionischosenwithouttheneedtovisually
interpretthecolouredcontoursoftheStrand7modelgraphicaluserinterface.
Thefollowingpagescontaingraphicaloutput.Fulltabularoutputisimpracticaltoreproduceinprint
form.
7
P7-31
7.3
OuterReinforcement:PostTensioning
7.3.1
Horizontal
Thedesignoftheouterwallposttensionisgovernedbytheneedtomaintaincompressioninthe
wallsectionunderthehooptensionforcesgeneratedbythecementloading,andbytheincreasein
thewallsectionmomentcapacityduetothecompressiveforce.
Inallcasesthefactoredhooptensionloadsontheouterhighrisewallarelessthan60%ofPTFINAL.
MaximumHoopTension
PostTensionFinal
NetCompression
DistanceAboveBeam
1.865MN
3.16MN
3.0MPa
6.06m
Table:ComparisonofMaximumFactoredHoopTensionForceandPostTensionForce
8
7
7
7
7
P7-55.1
P7-55.2
P7-55.3
RAFFLES SILO POST TENSION
STRAND7 MODEL SCREEN SHOTS 1/2
226542
AW
Figure: Entire Strand7 model showing deflected shape (colour gradient is plate axial force)
the model is of the high rise wall only, with full fixity at top and bottom
Figure: Strand7 model showing close up of base (with deflections)
P7-55.4
RAFFLES SILO POST TENSION
STRAND7 MODEL SCREEN SHOTS 2/2
226542
AW
Figure: Strand7 model with wall elements cut away to show tendons (spaced at actual spacing)
Figure: Strand7 model showing close up of the tendons

and the pinned links fixing them to wall element vertices
P7-55.5
P7-55.6
P7-55.7
REINFORCEDCONCRETESECTIONINTERACTIONTABLES
1000mmwide*425mmdeepWALLSECTION
30mmcovertolongitudinalreinforcement
Geometry
Bw
Lw
d'
d
Concrete properties
Ec
27898
-0.003000
cu
f'c
40
0.85
1
0.77
1
Reduction factor
0.87
D20 @ 150
Mn(P*)
P
-300
364
-400
381
-500
399
-600
416
-700
433
-800
450
-900
467
-1000
484
-1100
501
-1200
517
-1300
533
-1400
549
-1500
565
-1600
581
-1700
596
-1800
611
-1900
626
D 20 @ 175
Mn(P*)
P
-300
322
-400
340
-500
357
-600
375
-700
392
-800
409
-900
426
-1000
443
-1100
460
-1200
476
-1300
493
-1400
509
-1500
524
-1600
540
-1700
555
-1800
570
-1900
585
D 20 @ 200
Mn(P*)
P
500
148
0
238
-500
326
-1000
412
-1500
494
-2000
569
-2500
638
-3000
699
-3500
752
-4000
796
-4500
831
-5000
855
-5500
851
-6000
844
-6500
834
-7000
819
-7500
799
D 25 @ 200
Mn(P*)
P
-300
411
-400
428
-500
445
-600
462
-700
479
-800
496
-900
513
-1000
529
-1100
546
-1200
562
-1300
578
-1400
594
-1500
609
-1600
625
-1700
640
-1800
655
-1900
669
D 16 @ 200
Mn(P*)
P
500
63
0
157
-500
248
-1000
336
-1500
419
-2000
495
-2500
563
-3000
624
-3500
676
-4000
720
-4500
754
-5000
780
-5500
782
-6000
781
-6500
774
-7000
762
-7500
743
1000
425
395
30
Steel properties
Es
2.00E+05
fy
460
P7-55.8
Interaction Diagram, D20 @ 200

Bending capacity Mn (kNm)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
800
1000
-16000
-14000
Axial capacity Nn (kNm)
-12000
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
Interaction Diagram D16 @ 200

0
-16000
-14000
-12000
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
200
400
600
P7-55.9
Note: The tabulated horizontal steel assumed below (T16@200c/s - T20@200c/s) is far less than the reinforcing
required for the silo under the in-service design loads.
PostTensionStrandForceAfterLosses(N)
79,000
Vertical
nominalR.L.
Height
Section
Increment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
0.000
0.865
1.730
2.596
3.461
4.326
5.191
6.057
6.922
7.787
8.652
9.518
10.383
11.248
12.113
12.979
13.844
14.709
15.574
16.440
17.305
18.170
19.035
19.901
20.766
21.631
22.496
23.362
24.227
25.092
25.957
26.823
27.688
28.553
29.418
30.284
31.149
32.014
32.879
33.745
34.610
35.475
36.340
37.206
38.071
38.936
39.801
40.667
41.532
42.397
43.262
44.127
44.993
45.858
46.723
47.588
48.454
49.319
50.184
51.049
51.915
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
0.865
Strands
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
17.000
D
24.526
HORIZONTALSTEEL
HORIZONTALSTEEL
TENSIONINNERFACE
TENSIONOUTERFACE
Spacing
PTForce
PTForce
DEMAND
mm
FinalinN/m
InitialinN/m
YYMoment
(fromStrand7)
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
600
600
600
600
600
800
800
800
800
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,160,000
3,160,000
3,160,000
3,160,000
3,160,000
3,160,000
3,160,000
3,160,000
3,160,000
3,160,000
2,984,444
2,984,444
2,984,444
2,984,444
2,984,444
2,984,444
2,984,444
2,984,444
2,984,444
2,984,444
2,827,368
2,827,368
2,827,368
2,827,368
2,827,368
2,827,368
2,827,368
2,827,368
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,686,000
2,238,333
2,238,333
2,238,333
2,238,333
2,238,333
1,678,750
1,678,750
1,678,750
1,678,750
1,343,000
1,343,000
1,343,000
1,343,000
1,343,000
4,320,000
4,320,000
4,320,000
4,320,000
4,320,000
4,320,000
4,320,000
4,320,000
4,320,000
4,320,000
4,080,000
4,080,000
4,080,000
4,080,000
4,080,000
4,080,000
4,080,000
4,080,000
4,080,000
4,080,000
3,865,263
3,865,263
3,865,263
3,865,263
3,865,263
3,865,263
3,865,263
3,865,263
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,672,000
3,060,000
3,060,000
3,060,000
3,060,000
3,060,000
2,295,000
2,295,000
2,295,000
2,295,000
1,836,000
1,836,000
1,836,000
1,836,000
1,836,000
84,800
42,100
5,630
13,600
9,370
5,740
977
5,540
6,930
8,360
8,760
8,900
9,340
9,500
9,370
9,160
8,700
8,260
8,060
7,700
7,470
7,610
8,280
8,590
8,720
8,600
8,280
8,110
7,760
7,430
7,280
7,270
7,540
8,160
8,260
8,120
7,980
7,730
7,580
7,530
7,510
7,520
7,560
7,590
7,590
7,560
7,360
6,900
6,540
5,690
5,120
5,970
7,240
6,810
5,880
4,830
5,520
5,030
147
3,810
26,100
CAPACITY
ReoSchedule
DEMAND
CAPACITY
ReoSchedule
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
743,483
743,483
743,483
743,483
743,483
743,483
743,483
743,483
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
638,089
638,089
638,089
638,089
638,089
537,965
537,965
537,965
537,965
477,890
477,890
477,890
477,890
477,890
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
YYMoment
(fromStrand7)
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
802,999
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
771,588
743,483
743,483
743,483
743,483
743,483
743,483
743,483
743,483
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
718,188
638,089
638,089
638,089
638,089
638,089
537,965
537,965
537,965
537,965
477,890
477,890
477,890
477,890
477,890
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
20@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
40,900
7,350
18,200
23,800
23,500
18,600
11,900
8,320
3,760
1,920
1,130
814
495
199
107
318
776
988
1,380
1,680
1,770
1,750
1,180
225
70
316
485
832
1,170
1,330
1,570
1,580
1,090
582
113
215
480
687
752
817
823
805
786
745
738
837
1,150
1,420
2,190
2,980
3,130
2,870
1,590
154
1,960
2,330
1,320
2,320
6,990
7,850
1,080
P7-55.10
P7-55.11
29,692
29,692
VERTICALSTEEL
VERTICALSTEEL
TENSIONINNERFACE
TENSIONOUTERFACE
VerticalForce
DEMAND
1.0SW
YYMoment
(fromStrand7)
1,811,193
1,781,501
1,751,810
1,722,118
1,692,426
1,662,735
1,633,043
1,603,351
1,573,660
1,543,968
1,514,276
1,484,585
1,454,893
1,425,201
1,395,509
1,365,818
1,336,126
1,306,434
1,276,743
1,247,051
1,217,359
1,187,668
1,157,976
1,128,284
1,098,593
1,068,901
1,039,209
1,009,517
979,826
950,134
920,442
890,751
861,059
831,367
801,676
771,984
742,292
712,601
682,909
653,217
623,526
593,834
564,142
534,450
504,759
475,067
445,375
415,684
385,992
356,300
326,609
296,917
267,225
237,534
207,842
178,150
148,458
118,767
89,075
59,383
29,692
210,000
28,700
82,700
112,000
112,000
88,100
53,000
37,300
14,900
3,770
1,170
758
2,820
4,840
5,350
3,150
807
280
2,260
3,830
4,260
4,210
3,330
1,180
3,740
2,500
1,660
75
1,770
2,580
3,760
3,820
3,090
964
2,800
2,700
1,390
385
69
228
248
125
14
193
308
137
1,650
2,970
6,690
10,500
11,300
10,000
5,360
2,830
5,980
7,860
4,160
8,550
32,000
36,100
1,140
CAPACITY
ReoSchedule
DEMAND
CAPACITY
ReoSchedule
498,658
493,062
487,467
481,871
476,275
470,679
465,084
459,488
453,892
448,297
442,701
437,105
431,509
425,914
420,318
414,722
409,126
403,531
397,935
392,339
386,743
381,148
375,552
369,956
364,360
358,765
353,169
347,573
341,977
336,382
330,786
325,190
319,594
313,999
308,403
302,807
297,211
291,616
286,020
280,424
274,829
269,233
263,637
258,041
252,446
246,850
241,254
235,658
230,063
224,467
218,871
213,275
207,680
202,084
196,488
190,892
185,297
179,701
174,105
168,509
162,914
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
YYMoment
(fromStrand7)
498,658
493,062
487,467
481,871
476,275
470,679
465,084
459,488
453,892
448,297
442,701
437,105
431,509
425,914
420,318
414,722
409,126
403,531
397,935
392,339
386,743
381,148
375,552
369,956
364,360
358,765
353,169
347,573
341,977
336,382
330,786
325,190
319,594
313,999
308,403
302,807
297,211
291,616
286,020
280,424
274,829
269,233
263,637
258,041
252,446
246,850
241,254
235,658
230,063
224,467
218,871
213,275
207,680
202,084
196,488
190,892
185,297
179,701
174,105
168,509
162,914
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
415,000
211,000
28,200
105,000
86,200
68,500
35,400
13,000
6,190
702
2,630
3,360
6,620
7,840
7,190
6,170
3,810
1,570
550
1,270
2,400
1,550
2,860
4,770
5,520
4,990
3,410
2,540
822
823
1,520
1,410
289
4,370
4,980
4,360
3,710
2,490
1,730
1,540
1,460
1,540
1,780
1,970
1,970
1,850
943
1,300
3,010
6,520
9,600
3,820
6,010
4,790
160
2,900
3,570
2,870
8,420
31,900
124,000
P7-55.12
The resulting horizontal and vertical demands are shown below to be small.
RAFFLESSILO
POSTTENSIONLOADCASE(PTINITIAL*1.0)
UPPERGRAPHSHOWSHORIZONTALMOMENTGENERATEDBYTHEPTFORCES
LOWERGRAPHSHOWSVERTICALMOMENTGENERATEDBYTHEPTFORCES
CAPACITIESSHOWNAREFROMTHEATTACHEDSPREADSHEET
7/09/2012
HorizontalPostTensioningMoment
1,000,000
800,000
BendingMoment(Horizontal,N.m)
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
HeightupHighRiseWall(m)
VerticalPostTensioningMoment
BendingMoment(Vertical,N.m)
500,000
250,000
0
0
10
13
15
18
20
23
25
28
30
33
250,000
500,000
35
38
40
43
45
48
50
53
55
P7-55.13
h
d
fcu
min(0.8*sqrt(fcu),5N/mm^2)
425
359
40
0.713
SHEARSTEEL
Table3.9
MOMENTDEMAND
SHEARDEMAND
Nm/m
(fromStrand7)
415,000
211,000
28,200
105,000
86,200
68,500
35,400
13,000
6,190
702
2,630
3,360
6,620
7,840
7,190
6,170
3,810
1,570
550
1,270
2,400
1,550
2,860
4,770
5,520
4,990
3,410
2,540
822
823
1,520
1,410
289
4,370
4,980
4,360
3,710
2,490
1,730
1,540
1,460
1,540
1,780
1,970
1,970
1,850
943
1,300
3,010
6,520
9,600
3,820
6,010
4,790
160
2,900
3,570
2,870
8,420
31,900
124,000
N/m
SHEAR
DEMAND
inMpa
561,000
407,000
168,000
29,300
40,800
42,800
39,600
33,600
19,300
7,770
4,070
2,190
4,660
4,320
2,020
2,690
2,690
2,500
2,210
2,050
1,360
2,790
5,740
5,640
702
1,720
1,830
1,840
1,820
1,760
1,330
2,290
5,040
4,950
2,120
1,250
1,360
1,250
759
289
134
206
255
255
109
873
2,230
3,050
4,280
4,280
2,920
13,300
13,400
6,260
8,410
12,000
12,100
16,700
16,700
11,900
183,000
1.563
1.134
0.468
0.082
0.114
0.119
0.110
0.094
0.054
0.022
0.011
0.006
0.013
0.012
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.004
0.008
0.016
0.016
0.002
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.014
0.014
0.006
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.006
0.008
0.012
0.012
0.008
0.037
0.037
0.017
0.023
0.033
0.034
0.047
0.047
0.033
0.510
As
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
1,005.310
100*As/(bv*d)
400/d
limitedto<=3
limitedto>=1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.11
(400/d)^(1/4)
Table3.9
vc
V*h/M
v'c
limitedto<=1
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.57
0.82
1.00
0.12
0.20
0.27
0.48
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.66
0.28
0.30
0.23
0.12
0.19
0.30
0.68
1.00
0.69
0.24
0.77
0.85
0.50
0.05
0.15
0.23
0.31
0.94
0.91
0.37
0.69
1.00
0.48
0.18
0.12
0.16
0.21
0.19
0.08
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.02
0.20
1.00
1.00
0.60
0.28
0.13
1.00
0.95
0.56
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.84
0.16
0.63
Clause
3.4.5.12
1.59
2.05
2.39
0.72
0.88
1.00
1.40
2.39
2.39
2.39
1.67
0.99
1.03
0.92
0.71
0.83
1.03
1.71
2.29
1.73
0.91
1.79
1.94
1.35
0.59
0.75
0.88
1.02
2.01
1.96
1.10
1.61
2.11
1.27
0.79
0.69
0.75
0.84
0.80
0.63
0.56
0.59
0.60
0.59
0.54
0.82
2.11
1.84
1.31
0.87
0.67
1.84
1.45
1.06
1.50
1.50
1.30
1.30
1.18
0.62
1.00
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
P7-55.14
RAFFLESSILO
POSTTENSIONLOADCASEDESIGNACTIONOUTPUTFROMSTRAND7
7/09/2012
UPPERPLOTSHOWSXXFORCE(AXIALLOADDUETOPOSTTENSION)
LOWERPLOTSHOWSSHEARSTRESSANDSHEARCAPACITYCALCULATEDONATTACHEDSPREADSHEET
AxialForce(TransferandFinal)
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
500,000
1,000,000
ShearStress(MPa)
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
PTInitial
4,500,000
PTFinal
5,000,000
ShearStress
3.0
ShearStress
ShearCapacityfromSpreadsheet
ShearStress(MPa)
2.0
ShearCapacityfromSpreadsheet
1.0
0.0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1.0
2.0
3.0
NOTETHATTHESHEARCAPACITYONTHEABOVESHEETVARIESWIDELYDUETOTHE(V/M)TERMINTHESHEARCAPACITYEQUAITON,
ANDINTERPLAYBETWEENVARYINGVALUESOFSHEARANDMOMENT,WHICHARERELATIVELYLOWCOMPAREDTOOTHERLOADCASES
55
P7-55.15
P7-55.16
P7-55.17
P7-55.18
7
Note: Sections 7.10 - 7.12 have been subsequently amended in Section 7.13.
Amendment to the original design was made where T32 horizontal bars have been reduced to
T25's at closer spacings so as to reduce the risk of potentially spalling the cover concrete due to
the tight inner wall radius.
P7-65
7.13
Inner Wall Passive Reinforcement Re-Design
General
Date of calculations:
Engineer
23 August 2012
AW
The following concerns the inner wall passive reinforcement design for the Raffles Cement Silo
following the imposition of the new design constraints below:
maximum reinforcement ratio for each face of no greater than 25mm dia spaced at 125mm
minimum cover requirement of 50mm
The following is intended to show that the wall capacity meets the design actions as calculated based
on design loads from EN 1991 using a finite element model of the silo in the software Strand 7.
Design Actions from Strand 7

The design actions on the inner high rise wall have been re-calculated with the following assumptions.
EN 1991
Flow Channel Radius
0.4 * cell radius
Youngs Modulus
Cracked concrete **
Wall thickness
350 mm
Inner cover
50 mm
Outer cover
50 mm *
Reinforcement Dia.
25 mm
Minimum spacing
125 mm
* outer 50mm cover has been conservatively assumed for capacity only ** see table below
Table 1: Design Assumptions
E1
17.145 GPa
E2
12.0015 GPa
E3
17.145 GPa
Table 2: Cracked Youngs Modulus Values (Isotropic Material)
P7-66
Spreadsheet Summary
The spreadsheet attached to this document lays out the design actions, reinforcement schedule and
capacity for
Horizontal bending moment (inner and outer face)
Vertical bending moment (inner and outer face)
Shear
Axial Load-Moment Interaction for Wall Section

The following graphs show axial load-bending moment capacity interaction tables and graphs for the
inner wall 350mm thick wall section (tables attached to this document).
-16000
-14000
-12000
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
200
400
600
800
P7-67

-14000
200
400
600
800
-12000
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
-14000
-12000
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
P7-68

-14000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
-12000
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
-12000
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
100
200
300
400
500
600
P7-69
REINFORCEDCONCRETESECTIONINTERACTIONTABLES
1000mmwide*350mmdeepWALLSECTION
50mmcovertoreinforcement
Geometry
Bw
Lw
d'
d
1000
350
287.5
62.5
D 25 @ 125
Mn(P*)
P
2000
170
1850
188
1700
206
1550
224
1400
242
1250
260
1100
278
950
296
800
314
650
332
500
350
350
367
200
385
50
403
-100
421
-250
438
-400
456
D 16 @ 200
Mn(P*)
P
1000
0
800
1
600
35
400
68
200
100
0
129
-200
155
-400
182
-600
208
-800
234
-1000
259
-1200
284
-1400
308
-1600
331
-1800
353
-2000
374
-2200
394
c
37
38
40
41
43
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
59
61
64
67
70
Concrete properties
Ec
27898
-0.003000
cu
f'c
40
0.85
1
0.77
1
Steel properties
Es
2.00E+05
fy
460
Reduction factor
0.87
D 25 @ 150
Mn(P*)
P
2000
102
1850
124
1700
143
1550
162
1400
180
1250
198
1100
216
950
234
800
252
650
270
500
288
350
306
200
324
50
342
-100
360
-250
378
-400
396
D 25 @ 175
Mn(P*)
P
2000
42
1850
66
1700
90
1550
113
1400
135
1250
153
1100
171
950
189
800
207
650
226
500
244
350
262
200
281
50
299
-100
317
-250
335
-400
353
c
27
34
36
38
40
41
43
45
47
49
52
54
57
59
62
65
69
D25@200
c
0
0
9
18
27
34
38
43
49
54
61
67
74
81
89
96
104
2000
1850
1700
1550
1400
1250
1100
950
800
650
500
350
200
50
100
250
400
Mn(P*)
0
20
45
69
93
116
137
155
174
192
210
229
247
266
284
302
320
c
5
12
18
25
31
36
38
40
42
44
47
49
52
55
58
62
c
11
17
24
30
36
37
39
41
43
45
48
50
53
55
58
61
65
P7-70
Figure
es show
wing De
esign Actions
A
from
f
Sttrand7
The follo
owing figuress show design actions as output from Strand7.
P7-71
P7-72
P7-73
P7-74
P7-75
P7-76
ThesesheetsprovideanoverviewofthedesignactionsandcapacitiesoftheinnerhighrisewalloftheRafflescementsilo.
23/08/2012
ThedemandandcapacityhasbeenrecalculatedinresponsetothecommentsbyPeterundLochnerGmbHdated21Julyand15Aug2012
PAGE2/3
Changesincorporatedfrompreviousiterationsinclude50mmcovertothesteel,maximumreo.of25mm@125spacingandcalculationofdesignactionsbasedoncrackedconcreteEvalues
GEOMETRY
DESIGNACTIONSFROMS7
HORIZONTALREINFORCEMENTDESIGN
PASSIVEREINFORCEMENT(INNERFACE)
strand7conventionhaspositivemoment==innerfacetension
Vertical
DWG
Elevation
Strand7
Elevation
Height
MaxHoopTension
MinHoopTension
MinVertical
Compression
DEMAND
Section
R.L.(m)
R.L.(m)
Increment
inNewtons
inNewtons
inNewtons
YYMoment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
115.358
116.083
116.808
117.534
118.259
118.984
119.709
120.434
121.160
121.885
122.610
123.335
124.060
124.786
125.511
126.236
126.961
127.686
128.412
129.137
129.862
130.587
131.312
132.038
132.763
133.488
134.213
134.938
135.664
136.389
137.114
137.839
138.564
139.290
140.015
140.740
141.465
142.190
142.916
143.641
144.366
145.091
145.816
146.542
147.267
147.992
148.717
149.442
150.168
150.893
151.618
152.343
153.068
153.794
154.519
155.244
155.969
156.694
157.420
158.145
158.870
20.161
20.886
21.611
22.337
23.062
23.787
24.512
25.237
25.963
26.688
27.413
28.138
28.863
29.589
30.314
31.039
31.764
32.489
33.215
33.940
34.665
35.390
36.115
36.841
37.566
38.291
39.016
39.741
40.467
41.192
41.917
42.642
43.367
44.093
44.818
45.543
46.268
46.993
47.719
48.444
49.169
49.894
50.619
51.345
52.070
52.795
53.520
54.245
54.971
55.696
56.421
57.146
57.871
58.597
59.322
60.047
60.772
61.497
62.223
62.948
63.673
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
0.725
659,000
768,000
949,000
1,290,000
1,430,000
1,490,000
1,490,000
1,480,000
1,450,000
1,410,000
1,380,000
1,360,000
1,350,000
1,340,000
1,330,000
1,320,000
1,320,000
1,310,000
1,290,000
1,280,000
1,270,000
1,270,000
1,260,000
1,250,000
1,240,000
1,230,000
1,220,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,190,000
1,170,000
1,150,000
1,140,000
1,130,000
1,120,000
1,090,000
1,080,000
1,060,000
1,040,000
1,010,000
997,000
980,000
938,000
907,000
872,000
846,000
793,000
762,000
721,000
678,000
615,000
564,000
509,000
440,000
376,000
304,000
242,000
189,000
228,000
249,000
239,000
340,000
153,000
164,000
599,000
1,010,000
1,100,000
1,120,000
1,140,000
1,140,000
1,170,000
1,190,000
1,200,000
1,180,000
1,170,000
1,160,000
1,160,000
1,170,000
1,170,000
1,160,000
1,160,000
1,150,000
1,150,000
1,150,000
1,150,000
1,130,000
1,120,000
1,110,000
1,110,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,080,000
1,070,000
1,060,000
1,040,000
1,020,000
1,010,000
997,000
972,000
957,000
935,000
907,000
879,000
840,000
811,000
775,000
747,000
714,000
672,000
626,000
569,000
519,000
455,000
394,000
336,000
252,000
195,000
136,000
113,000
114,000
79,700
66,600
1,680,000
1,830,000
1,930,000
2,090,000
2,340,000
2,530,000
2,570,000
2,530,000
2,460,000
2,380,000
2,310,000
2,240,000
2,150,000
2,050,000
1,960,000
1,900,000
1,820,000
1,730,000
1,660,000
1,590,000
1,530,000
1,450,000
1,380,000
1,300,000
1,230,000
1,160,000
1,100,000
1,050,000
980,000
919,000
857,000
800,000
750,000
696,000
649,000
594,000
542,000
498,000
446,000
396,000
361,000
314,000
269,000
213,000
185,000
144,000
116,000
70,400
38,800
13,100
14,200
48,800
65,100
80,300
91,200
102,000
104,000
106,000
105,000
69,000
88,400
27,300
17,300
42,700
80,800
119,000
137,000
155,000
175,000
185,000
201,000
208,000
217,000
224,000
228,000
235,000
239,000
242,000
247,000
250,000
250,000
252,000
253,000
254,000
252,000
251,000
250,000
249,000
246,000
245,000
240,000
237,000
232,000
232,000
224,000
221,000
215,000
211,000
206,000
199,000
194,000
187,000
180,000
170,000
162,000
153,000
145,000
136,000
130,000
121,000
108,000
101,000
88,900
79,200
69,800
60,500
51,000
41,700
32,000
23,100
13,200
8,430
CAPACITY
449,425
427,096
389,246
337,305
288,231
277,485
275,097
272,708
272,708
269,126
266,738
265,544
267,932
269,126
270,320
270,320
269,126
269,126
270,320
270,320
271,514
271,514
271,514
271,514
273,903
275,097
276,291
276,291
277,485
277,485
279,873
281,067
282,261
284,649
287,037
251,735
253,705
257,494
259,768
263,102
221,174
225,772
232,176
236,939
242,850
247,448
252,867
173,914
179,938
187,402
193,950
202,332
210,320
217,916
228,916
236,381
244,108
247,120
246,989
251,481
270,640
Capacity/Demand
16.46
24.69
9.12
4.17
2.42
2.03
1.77
1.56
1.47
1.34
1.28
1.22
1.20
1.18
1.15
1.13
1.11
1.09
1.08
1.08
1.08
1.07
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.16
1.18
1.21
1.22
1.27
1.30
1.17
1.20
1.25
1.31
1.36
1.18
1.25
1.37
1.46
1.59
1.71
1.86
1.34
1.49
1.74
1.92
2.28
2.66
3.12
3.78
4.63
5.85
7.72
10.69
19.05
32.10
PASSIVEREINFORCEMENT(OUTERFACE)
strand7conventionhasnegativemoment==outerfacetension
25mm
DEMAND
dia.bar
spacing
YYMoment
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
150
150
150
150
150
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
22,300
27,600
46,900
69,000
84,400
91,500
104,000
107,000
115,000
122,000
125,000
127,000
129,000
131,000
133,000
133,000
133,000
132,000
133,000
132,000
131,000
130,000
129,000
128,000
125,000
125,000
122,000
119,000
117,000
115,000
114,000
111,000
108,000
106,000
103,000
101,000
98,900
94,200
90,400
88,100
85,000
81,700
78,500
72,200
70,000
65,600
61,200
56,800
51,500
47,100
43,000
38,700
32,900
29,100
25,100
21,400
16,700
13,800
9,130
8,620
21,500
DEMAND
Increasedby
Temp
Gradient
117,993
124,141
141,313
164,100
178,061
184,478
194,097
196,294
202,223
207,347
209,401
210,788
212,330
213,881
215,442
215,306
215,306
214,318
214,899
213,910
212,921
212,069
211,080
210,092
207,408
207,268
204,590
201,778
200,100
198,282
197,150
194,352
191,713
189,908
187,286
175,186
173,321
169,205
165,837
163,513
153,385
150,520
147,326
141,947
139,652
135,863
131,596
122,120
117,530
113,573
109,423
105,396
100,301
96,225
92,124
88,012
83,502
80,343
78,588
78,865
86,489
CAPACITY
Capacity/
Demand
25mm
dia.bar
spacing
449,425
427,096
389,246
337,305
288,231
277,485
275,097
272,708
272,708
269,126
266,738
265,544
267,932
269,126
270,320
270,320
269,126
269,126
270,320
270,320
271,514
271,514
271,514
271,514
273,903
275,097
276,291
276,291
277,485
277,485
279,873
281,067
282,261
284,649
287,037
251,735
253,705
257,494
259,768
263,102
221,174
225,772
232,176
236,939
242,850
247,448
252,867
173,914
179,938
187,402
193,950
202,332
210,320
217,916
228,916
236,381
244,108
247,120
246,989
251,481
270,640
3.8
3.4
2.8
2.1
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.1
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
150
150
150
150
150
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
P7-77
PAGE2/3
E1
1.71450E+10
EvaluesusedinStreand7model
E2
1.20015E+10
(IsotropicMaterial)
E3
1.71450E+10
VERTICALREINFORCEMENTDESIGN
PASSIVEREINFORCEMENT(INNERFACE)
strand7conventionhaspositivemoment==innerfacetension
DEMAND
CAPACITY
YYMoment
PASSIVEREINFORCEMENT(OUTERFACE)
strand7conventionhasnegativemoment==outerfacetension
Capacity/
25mm
DEMAND
Demand
dia.barspacing
YYMoment
2.9
4.9
90.9
68.6
19.3
16.2
14.0
11.7
11.0
10.7
10.4
10.0
9.2
8.7
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.2
6.8
6.6
6.6
6.3
6.1
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.8
6.1
6.8
8.0
9.0
10.1
9.8
9.6
9.4
10.8
>10
>10
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
(fromStrand7)
149,000
92,900
5,160
7,230
28,000
35,400
41,200
48,800
50,900
51,000
51,400
52,300
54,900
56,100
57,700
57,800
57,600
57,000
56,500
57,400
59,100
58,600
56,800
57,000
57,100
56,500
57,100
55,400
54,400
53,500
53,600
53,600
51,600
50,700
49,800
48,900
47,600
45,400
44,400
43,400
40,900
40,200
38,800
36,900
34,800
33,400
30,800
28,900
27,300
24,000
22,300
19,100
15,800
13,800
12,100
12,300
12,500
12,700
11,100
574
14,900
CAPACITY
Capacity/
25mm
Demand
dia.barspacing
2.6
4.6
7.5
8.0
9.0
13.7
17.0
18.6
19.7
17.9
17.0
15.7
15.4
15.4
16.3
15.5
15.3
15.0
14.5
13.9
14.5
14.1
14.0
13.4
13.2
12.5
13.1
12.8
12.5
11.8
11.7
11.8
12.2
12.1
12.1
11.8
11.2
11.6
11.9
11.1
10.9
11.1
11.4
11.6
11.3
11.6
12.1
12.3
13.0
13.9
14.1
14.9
16.2
19.4
23.9
39.5
2,387.5
40.2
28.6
3.5
1.4
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
16@200
(fromStrand7)
425,999
451,720
468,867
496,303
539,171
571,751
578,610
571,751
559,748
546,030
534,027
522,024
506,591
489,444
474,011
463,723
450,005
434,572
422,569
410,566
400,277
386,559
374,556
360,838
348,835
336,832
326,544
317,970
305,967
295,507
284,875
275,101
266,528
257,268
249,209
239,778
230,861
223,316
214,400
205,826
199,824
191,765
184,049
174,446
169,645
162,614
157,813
149,994
144,575
140,169
135,487
129,554
126,759
124,153
122,284
120,432
120,089
119,746
119,917
126,091
122,764
165,000
98,900
62,300
62,000
59,900
41,800
34,100
30,800
28,400
30,500
31,500
33,200
33,000
31,800
29,100
30,000
29,500
28,900
29,100
29,500
27,600
27,500
26,800
27,000
26,400
26,900
24,900
24,800
24,500
25,000
24,400
23,300
21,800
21,200
20,600
20,400
20,600
19,200
18,000
18,500
18,400
17,300
16,200
15,000
15,000
14,000
13,000
12,200
11,100
10,100
9,620
8,670
7,830
6,410
5,120
3,050
50
2,980
4,200
36,000
89,100
425,999
451,720
468,867
496,303
539,171
571,751
578,610
571,751
559,748
546,030
534,027
522,024
506,591
489,444
474,011
463,723
450,005
434,572
422,569
410,566
400,277
386,559
374,556
360,838
348,835
336,832
326,544
317,970
305,967
295,507
284,875
275,101
266,528
257,268
249,209
239,778
230,861
223,316
214,400
205,826
199,824
191,765
184,049
174,446
169,645
162,614
157,813
149,994
144,575
140,169
135,487
129,554
126,759
124,153
122,284
120,432
120,089
119,746
119,917
126,091
122,764
P7-78
PAGE3/3
h
d
fcu
min(0.8*sqrt(fcu),5N/mm^2)
350
287.5
40
5.000
DEMAND
SHEARSTEEL
PASSIVEREINFORCEMENTINNERFACE
Notusedasconservativewithtensionload
Table3.9
SHEARDEMAND
SHEARDEMAND
YYMoment
FyzinN/m
inMpa
(fromStrand7)
117,993
124,141
141,313
164,100
178,061
184,478
194,097
196,294
202,223
207,347
209,401
217,000
224,000
228,000
235,000
239,000
242,000
247,000
250,000
250,000
252,000
253,000
254,000
252,000
251,000
250,000
249,000
246,000
245,000
240,000
237,000
232,000
232,000
224,000
221,000
215,000
211,000
206,000
199,000
194,000
187,000
180,000
170,000
162,000
153,000
145,000
136,000
130,000
121,000
113,573
109,423
105,396
100,301
96,225
92,124
88,012
83,502
80,343
78,588
78,865
86,489
(fromStrand7)
322,000
106,000
63,900
96,000
92,800
106,000
112,000
115,000
125,000
131,000
133,000
143,000
146,000
148,000
150,000
145,000
146,000
149,000
150,000
149,000
143,000
146,000
146,000
143,000
138,000
140,000
140,000
137,000
154,000
136,000
139,000
136,000
129,000
127,000
124,000
120,000
117,000
114,000
109,000
106,000
103,000
97,800
91,200
84,400
81,200
77,000
72,000
66,700
61,900
55,900
50,400
45,400
38,100
34,600
27,900
22,000
19,100
10,900
8,300
13,100
200,000
1.120
0.369
0.222
0.334
0.323
0.369
0.390
0.400
0.435
0.456
0.463
0.497
0.508
0.515
0.522
0.504
0.508
0.518
0.522
0.518
0.497
0.508
0.508
0.497
0.480
0.487
0.487
0.477
0.536
0.473
0.483
0.473
0.449
0.442
0.431
0.417
0.407
0.397
0.379
0.369
0.358
0.340
0.317
0.294
0.282
0.268
0.250
0.232
0.215
0.194
0.175
0.158
0.133
0.120
0.097
0.077
0.066
0.038
0.029
0.046
0.696
As
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
7,853.982
6,544.985
6,544.985
6,544.985
6,544.985
6,544.985
5,609.987
5,609.987
5,609.987
5,609.987
5,609.987
5,609.987
5,609.987
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
4,908.739
100*As/(bv*d)
400/d
limitedto<=3
limitedto>=1
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.39
(400/d)^(1/4)
Table3.9
vc
V*h/M
v'c
limitedto<=1
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.06
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.30
0.16
0.20
0.18
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.22
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.05
0.04
0.06
0.81
0.04
0.73
0.87
0.67
0.68
0.61
0.61
0.60
0.59
0.59
0.60
0.59
0.59
0.60
0.61
0.64
0.65
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.69
0.68
0.69
0.70
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.72
0.67
0.72
0.71
0.72
0.74
0.74
0.75
0.69
0.70
0.70
0.71
0.73
0.67
0.68
0.70
0.72
0.73
0.73
0.75
0.73
0.74
0.76
0.79
0.81
0.84
0.87
0.89
0.91
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.94
0.63
Clause
As/sv
3.4.5.12
3.4.5.12EQ6a
v'c+0.4<v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c>v
v'c+0.4>v
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
vertical
spacing
125
horizontal
spacing
200
Area/m2
<13mmbar
AreaProvided/Area
Required
required
132.7
67.2
diameterbar
1.97
13mmBarok
highshearduetomodelboundaryconditionsnotpresentinasbuiltsilo
v'c/
demand
0.04
1.98
3.89
2.01
2.09
1.65
1.56
1.51
1.35
1.29
1.29
1.18
1.17
1.17
1.18
1.27
1.27
1.25
1.26
1.28
1.39
1.35
1.36
1.40
1.49
1.46
1.46
1.52
1.25
1.52
1.47
1.52
1.66
1.67
1.73
1.66
1.71
1.78
1.89
1.97
1.88
2.01
2.21
2.45
2.57
2.74
3.00
3.13
3.43
3.91
4.51
5.16
6.37
7.19
9.19
11.95
13.95
24.92
32.76
20.53
0.90
P7-79
P9-1
.
.1
Main Roof
Roof Slab Design
The Roof slab design has been checked using Lysaught Megafloor software, which is capable of
checking the design of a slab subjected to vertical construction, dead and live loading. The design
parameters used for this software are as follows:
DeckingSystem
SlabDepth
NominalWidthConsidered
SimplySupportedSpan
SDL/ConstructionLoad
LiveLoad
Reinforcementdia.
SpacingTop
SpacingBottom
Asmin
Asprovided
BondekX1.0_G550
200mm
1000mm
1950mm
2kPa
5kPa
16mmdia
200mmeachway
200mmeachway
260mm2/m
1005mm2/m
The design software indicates that this design is adequate for a simply supported span. The output is
attached to the end of this section. It is noted that the design of a previous silo with slightly larger
diameter and slab span (Pan United, 2001) used an equivalent slab desgn.
The following interaction diagram gives the section capacity under axial tension and compression.
Project 227268 | File 227268 - Raffles 25,000T Cement Silo - Roof Calculations.docx | 30 March 2012 | Revision 0 | Page
2
P9-2
Interaction Diagram, 200mm slab, d = 123mm, D16 @ 200
50

100
150
200
-8000
-7000
Axial capacity Nn (kN)
-6000
-5000
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
From the previous calculations (Pan United, 2001) the expected maximum axial and radial tension and
compression is < 50kN. The reinforcement required for this compressive or tensile force is less than
the minimum steel requirement (260 mm2/m = 192 MPa) and the interaction does not compromise the
bending moment capacity in the span direction, which remains in excess of 50 kNm.
3
P9-3
.2
.2.1
Steel Frames
SPACE GASS Model
The design of the steel members for the roof frames have been undertaken using SPACE GASS
software which includes the capability to design and check members according to
BS 5950:2000. The output from the SPACE GASS program confirming the design is attached at the
end of this section.
The chosen member sizes have been specified for all members. Design loads have been applied to
the model and the member design checked using the SPACE GASS software checks. These include
all applicable member bending moment, shear, and combined action checks specified in BS 5950 but
does not include checks specific to connection design. Further details can be found in the software
output following this description.
An imposed load of 5 kPa has been assumed for design. An additional non-cumulative point load of 5
kN has been applied to the centre of all members with the exception of the main inner beams where a
point load of 20kN is used. Specific dead loads have been calculated and applied for the dust
extractors and the landing of the roof columns. All other equipment dead loads combined are smaller
than the extra point loads applied and have therefore been deemed insignificant.
.2.2
Beam and Connection Types
Section
254x146UB37
838x292UB226
NumberofMembers
46
18
TotalLength
96.07
26.911
Table: Steel Beam Bill of Materials
Mass
3.559
6.103
The table above shows the beam sizes, number of members of each size and the total length /mass.
Connection
W01A
838x292UB226to254x146UB37
Number
46
18
Table: Steel Beam Bill of Materials
The maximum shear demand on the supports from the SPACE GASS model is less than 50 kN. The
capacity of the W01A cast in plate is greater than this value. The only constraint on the cast in weld
plates is the physical size as compared to the fin plate length.
.3
Pre-cambers
The pre-camber for the two main steel beams has been calculated from the deflections under the
dead load cases with no load factors applied. These are shown in the following table
Beam
838x292UB226(1)
838x292UB226(2)
Location
UnderRoofColumn
AdjacenttoExtractor
Precamber(mm)
24
19
RatioofSpan
span/561
span/708
4
P9-4
.4
Design Parameters and Sketches
The following pages contain the design load parameters for the roof steel frame followed by sketches
of the roof frames.
aurecon
5
Leading. VIbrant. Global.
CalculationofImposedLoadsforSteelRoofFrame
P9-5
INNERCELLROOFSTRUCTURESLABDEADLOAD
200mm
construction
ponding
total
Bondek
total
5
0.015
0.27
5.27
0.14
5.41
kPa
mm
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
concretedensity25kN/m3
span/130
0.7*
13.54kg/m2for1.0BMT
SLABCONSTRUCTIONLOAD
slabload
2 kPa
IMPOSEDLOADS
GeneralLiveLoad
5 kPa
InnerExtractor
perimeter
UDLonperimeter
27.5 kN
8.33 m
3.30 kN/m
Paralleldistributor
44 kN
udlonfoursupportingbeams
centerofsilo
Allotherequipmentdeadloadsbelow5kNandarenotincluded
UPPERROOFSTRUCTURELOADS
AreaofRoof
Cladding,Purlins
Steelwork
RoofLL
117
0.10
0.50
0.25
m2
kPa
kPa
kPa
WindSpeed
WindSpeed
n/a m/s
50 m/s
assumedSLS
assumedULS
qz
Cpe
Cpe
TotalLoad
1.5 kPa
1.3
1
320 kN
windpressure
uplift,notcritical
downforce,critical
INCLUDESLOADFACTORS
mainbeamlength
columnpointload
columnpointload
mainbeamUDLroof
mainbeamUDLroof
13.46
80.08
80.08
5.95
5.95
m
kN
kN
kN/m
kN/m
1/4ofroofloadevenlydistributedalongmainbeam
1/4ofroofloadevenlydistributedalongmainbeam
P9-6
CalculationofImposedLoadsforSteelRoofFrame
OUTERCELLROOFSTRUCTURE
SLABDEADLOAD
200mm
construction
ponding
total
Bondek
total
5
0.015
0.27
5.27
0.14
5.41
kPa
mm
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
concretedensity25kN/m3
span/130
0.7*
13.54kg/m2for1.0BMT
SLABCONSTRUCTIONLOAD
slabload
2 kPa
IMPOSEDLOADS
GeneralLiveLoad
5 kPa
OuterExtractor
perimeter
UDLonperimeter
27.5 kN
8.33 m
3.30 kN/m
udlonfoursupportingbeams
Allotherequipmentdeadloadsbelow5kNandarenotincluded
TRIBUTARYWIDTHS
1.9
1.15
G
10.28
6.22
Q
9.50
5.75
2.85
1.725
G
15.42
9.33
Q
14.25
8.63
CalculationofLateralRestraintProvidedbyShearStuds(mostcriticalcase)
RESTRAINTAGAINSTLATERALLOAD
Toensurelateralrestraintthesystemmustbeabletotransfer
atransverseforceatthecriticalflangeof0.025*theflangeforce
Foran
838x292UB176
Ms
2025 kNm
Stressatflangecentroid
Flangeforce
336 Mpa
1842 kN
RestraintForce
StandardHeadedStuds
sectionmomentcapacity
46 kN
fvskN
diameter
fus
19.00 mm
79 kN
where=0.85
diameter
fus
15.90 mm
55 kN
where=0.85
Therefore1shearconnectorisenoughtolimitlateraltorsional
bucklingeffectivelengthtothespacingoftheshearconnectors.
Thisisthemostcriticalcase,smallerbeamswillhavesmallerdemand.
>46kNOK
P9-7
P9-8
SPECIAL CONNECTION ~
SEE DWGS
PECIAL CONNECTION
EE DWGS
.'
ROOF COLUMN
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
---~~- -r= ---
I I
0
0
0
ow:f
.....
ri
838x292 UB 226
SPECIAL CONNECTION /
SEE DWGS
11970
PECIAL CONNECTION
EE DWGS
BONDEK SPAN DIRECTION
ROOF COLUMN
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
SKETCH: INNER CELL MEMBER SIZES
ALL BEAMS 254x146 UB 37 UNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED
ALL CAST IN CONNECTIONS W01A UNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED
P9-9
9,000
SKETCH: INNER CELL MEMBER SIZES

ALL BEAMS 254x146 UB 37 UNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED
ALL CAST IN CONNECTIONS W01A UNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED
P9-10
SPACE GASS 10.85 - AURECON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
30 Apr 2012, 1:27 pm

Y
X
Z
35
31
(30,35)
36
40
47
35
34
29
28
22
47
57
56
48
58
55
21
33
27
53
27
26
44
20
67
5
37
39
25
26
20
24
43
19
32
42
17
10
88
16
29
36
7
2
37
25
19
31
32
38
24
23
46
18
33
10
11
33
51
46
54
1213
11 38
14
40
44
21
34
45
16
50
52
45
13
28
41
43
39
23
22
1415
12
30
41
49
4849 17
62 15
51
42
61 52 60 64
30
63
50 59
18
Materials:
1 STEEL
Job: C:\raffles\Roof calcs\space gass\Roof SG model 5
Units - Len: m, Sec: mm, Mat: MPa, Dens: T/m^3, Temp: Celsius, Force: kN, Mom: kNm, Mass: T, Acc: g's, Trans: mm, Stress: MPa
Scales - Frame: 1:75, Load: None, Disp: None, Moment: None, Shear: None, Axial: None, Torsion: None
Sections:
1 254x146 UB 37
2 838x292 UB 226
P9-11
30 Apr 2012, 1:30 pm

Y
X
69
67
65
71
73
63
77
61
68
66
64
62
39
87
38
46
94
47
95
48
96
70
72
97
76
58
78
51
99
84
50
104
34
82
47
45
31
79
43
40113
11
42
41
10
3
78
37
62
35
110
9 976
115
7
60
117
8 174
8
4
61
108
7
109 6
59
114
116
4 2 33
25
5
3675
107
3111
21
73
112
34
105
57
13
17
29
27
25
23
14
13
65
14
66
15
67
20
72
19
71
20
32
30
28
26
16
18
16
68
17
69
18
70
12
12
64
19
21
91
11
63
15
31
89
103
55
90
44
32
80
87
102
54
88
46
33
81
85
101
53
86
48
49
100
52
82
52
51
83
80
54
106
81
50
98
39
56
37
85
79
74
60
38
86
53
45
93
41
89
40
88
55
44
92
43
91
42
90
59
57
(20,30)
75
24
22
Materials:
1 STEEL
Job: C:\raffles\Roof calcs\space gass\Roof SG model 1 OUTER
Sections:
1 254x146 UB 37
P9-12
9.5
Calculation of Cast in Weld Plate Capacity
The following pages contain the capacity verification for the cast in weld plates for connection to the
254 UB roof steel beams. Note only connection W01A is specified for the roof structure.
6
P9-13
CalculationofCastinConectionCapacityRoofSteelFrame
Themomentarmoftheconnectorisrequiredtocalculatethecapacity
againsttheeccentricmomentoftheboltedfinplateconnection
ThisistheminimumofthedistancebetweentheT12barsandtheloweststudandthelengthoftheplate
CONNECTIONTYPEW01A
ConnectionNumber
W01A
Platelength
300
NumberofT12bars
Numberof19mmstuds
mm
2
2
distance,T12barstobottomstuds
200 mm
LEVERARM
200 mm
CapactiyofT12barintension(parallel)
CapacityofT12barintension(45degreestobarhorizontal)
fus
Capacityof19.0mmstudinshear
52 kN
37 kN
79 kN
where=0.85
WherecapacitiesarefromPanUnitedSiloCalcs(2001)
VERTICALSHEARCAPACITYLIMITEDBYSHEARSTUDS
ShearCapacity
158 kN
VERTICALSHEARCAPACITYLIMITEDBYMOMENTGENERATEDBYECCENTRICCONNECTION
BoltedConnectionEccentricity
CapacityofT12
100 mm
74 kN
ShearCapacity
147 kN
LIMITINGVALUE:
147 kN
CONNECTIONTYPEW01
ConnectionNumber
W01
Platelength
300
NumberofT12bars
Numberof19mmstuds
0
4
CapactiyofT12barintension(parallel)
fus
52 kN
37 kN
79 kN
ShearCapacity
mm
316 kN
where=0.85
P9-14
CONNECTIONTYPEW03A
ConnectionNumber
W03A
Platelength
300 mm
NumberofT12bars
Numberof19mmstuds
2
6
399 mm
LEVERARM
399 mm
CapactiyofT12barintension(paralleltobar)
fus
52 kN
37 kN
79 kN
where=0.85
ShearCapacity
474 kN
CapacityofT12
100 mm
74 kN
ShearCapacity
293 kN
LIMITINGVALUE:
293 kN
P9-15
CONNECTIONTYPEW02
ConnectionNumber
W02
Platelength
400 mm
NumberofT12bars
Numberof19mmstuds
fus
ShearCapacity
632 kN
0
8
52 kN
37 kN
79 kN
where=0.85
P9-16
P9-17
CONNECTIONTYPEW04A
ConnectionNumber
W04A
Platelength
600 mm
NumberofT12bars
Numberof19mmstuds
2
6
500 mm
LEVERARM
500 mm
Capacityof19.0mmstudinshear fus
52 kN
37 kN
79 kN
where=0.85
ShearCapacity
474 kN
CapacityofT12
100 mm
74 kN
ShearCapacity
368 kN
LIMITINGVALUE:
368 kN
CONNECTIONTYPEW03
ConnectionNumber
W03
Platelength
500 mm
NumberofT12bars
Numberof19mmstuds
52 kN
37 kN
79 kN
ShearCapacity
0
8
632 kN
where=0.85
P9-18
CONNECTIONTYPEW05A
ConnectionNumber
W05A
Platelength
700 mm
NumberofT12bars
Numberof19mmstud
2
6
600 mm
LEVERARM
600 mm
CapacityofT12barintension(45degreestobarhorizon
52 kN
37 kN
79 kN
where=0.85
ShearCapacity
474 kN
CapacityofT12
100 mm
74 kN
ShearCapacity
441 kN
LIMITINGVALUE:
441 kN
P9-19
CONNECTIONTYPEW04
ConnectionNumber
W04
Platelength
600 mm
NumberofT12bars
Numberof19mmstud
ShearCapacity
632 kN
52 kN
37 kN
79 kN
0
8
where=0.85
P9-20
CONNECTIONTYPEW05
ConnectionNumber
W04
Platelength
700 mm
NumberofT12bars
Numberof19mmstuds
ShearCapacity
632 kN
52 kN
37 kN
79 kN
0
8
where=0.85
P9-21
CONNECTIONTYPEW06
ConnectionNumber
W04
Platelength
800 mm
NumberofT12bars
Numberof19mmstuds
ShearCapacity
791 kN
52 kN
37 kN
79 kN
0
10
where=0.85
P9-22
P9-23
9.6
Inner Cell Steel Frame LIMCON Output Connection Design
9.6.1
254 x 137 UB 37 to 838 x 126 UB 225
The design of the connection between the 254 UB and the 838 UB supporting beam has been
performed using LIMCON software. Due to unexpected unavailability of a software license for the
British Standard code BS 5950:2000, the connection design has been confirmed to the equivalent
Australian Standard. As the capacity of this connection is greater than 100 kN and the demand is
under 50 kN this approach is deemed conservative. Full LIMCON output for this connection is
attached at the end of this section.
Figure: Connection Diagram from LIMCON
7
P9-24
Aurecon Australia
Job: innerCellBeamBeam -- Connection: outercell
Page 1 of 3
09/05/2012
11:49:56 p.m.
CONNECTION: outercell - Fin Plate
Plate: 90x8x140 Gr.S275

Weld: 6 FW/500/SP to support (B/S)
Bolts: 2 x M20 8.8/X in 1 col.
35
70
35
70
Gr.S275
UB254X146X37
B1
Gr.S275
UB838X292X226
C1
55
Top cope = 35x150
Plates: 0.8 kg
Bolts: 0.9 kg
Welds: 0.0 kg
Limcon V3.60.110503 {111511}
C:\raffles\Roof calcs\limcon\innerCellBeamBeam.lmc
P9-25
Aurecon Australia
Page 2 of 3
09/05/2012
11:49:56 p.m.
Limcon V3.60.110503 {111511}
P9-26
Aurecon Australia
Page 3 of 3
09/05/2012
11:49:56 p.m.
Limcon V3.60.110503 {111511}
P9-27
9.7
Outer Cell Steel Frame LIMCON Output Connection Design
9.7.1
254 x 137 UB 37 to Cast in Weld Plate
The design of the connection between the 254 UB and the cast in weld plate has been performed
using LIMCON software. Due to unexpected unavailability of a software license for the British
Standard code BS 5950:2000, the connection design has been confirmed to the equivalent Australian
Standard. As the capacity of this connection is greater than 100 kN and the demand is under 50 kN
this approach is deemed conservative. Full LIMCON output for this connection is attached at the end
of this section.
Figure: Connection Diagram from LIMCON
8
P9-28
Aurecon Australia
Job: outercellfinplate -- Connection: outercell
Page 1 of 3
09/05/2012
11:34:51 p.m.
CONNECTION: outercell - Fin Plate
Plate: 90x8x140 Gr.S275

Weld: 6 FW/500/SP to support (B/S)
Bolts: 2 x M20 8.8/S/X in 1 col.
35
35
Gr.S275
UB254X146X37
B1
55
6
Plates: 0.8 kg
Bolts: 0.9 kg
Welds: 0.0 kg
Limcon V3.60.110503 {111511}
C:\raffles\Roof calcs\limcon\outercellfinplate.lmc
P9-29
Aurecon Australia
Page 2 of 3
09/05/2012
11:34:51 p.m.
Limcon V3.60.110503 {111511}
P9-30
Aurecon Australia
Page 3 of 3
09/05/2012
11:34:51 p.m.
Limcon V3.60.110503 {111511}
P9-31
9.8
Inner Cell Steel Frame SPACE GASS Output Member Design
The following pages contain SPACE GASS output for the inner frame beams.
9
P9-32
30 Apr 2012, 1:27 pm

Y
X
Z
35
31
(30,35)
36
40
47
35
34
29
28
22
47
57
56
48
58
55
21
33
27
53
27
26
44
20
67
5
37
39
25
26
20
24
43
19
32
42
17
10
88
16
29
36
7
2
37
25
19
31
32
38
24
23
46
18
33
10
11
33
51
46
54
1213
11 38
14
40
44
21
34
45
16
50
52
45
13
28
41
43
39
23
22
1415
12
30
41
49
4849 17
62 15
51
42
61 52 60 64
30
63
50 59
18
Materials:
1 STEEL
Job: C:\raffles\Roof calcs\space gass\Roof SG model 5
Sections:
1 254x146 UB 37
2 838x292 UB 226
P9-33
9.9
Outer Cell Steel Frame SPACE GASS Output Member Design
The following pages contain SPACE GASS output for the outer frame beams.
10
P9-34
30 Apr 2012, 1:30 pm

Y
X
69
67
65
71
73
63
77
61
68
66
64
62
39
87
38
46
94
47
95
48
96
70
72
97
76
58
78
51
99
84
50
104
34
82
47
45
31
79
43
40113
11
42
41
10
3
78
37
62
35
110
9 976
115
7
60
117
8 174
8
4
61
108
7
109 6
59
114
116
4 2 33
25
5
3675
107
3111
21
73
112
34
105
57
13
17
29
27
25
23
14
13
65
14
66
15
67
20
72
19
71
20
32
30
28
26
16
18
16
68
17
69
18
70
12
12
64
19
21
91
11
63
15
31
89
103
55
90
44
32
80
87
102
54
88
46
33
81
85
101
53
86
48
49
100
52
82
52
51
83
80
54
106
81
50
98
39
56
37
85
79
74
60
38
86
53
45
93
41
89
40
88
55
44
92
43
91
42
90
59
57
(20,30)
75
24
22
Materials:
1 STEEL
Sections:
1 254x146 UB 37
P9-35

Designer:
Date: 2 May 2012, 5:14 p.m.
Page: 1
STEEL MEMBER DESIGN DATA (m)

-----------------------Restraint codes are: F => Fixed restraint
P => Partial restraint
R => Fixed and rotational restraint
S => Partial and rotational restraint
L => Lateral restraint
U => Unrestrained
C => Continuous lateral restraint
I => Ignore segment
Group: 11 normal members
Member list: 11
Compr'n eff lengths: Major axis => 0.600,
(Unbraced)
Bending eff lengths: +ve bending => 0.600,
Top flange restr pos'ns:
Bot flange restr pos'ns:
Top flange restr types: FF
Bot flange restr types: FF
Member list: 12
(Unbraced)
Member list: 13
(Unbraced)
Member list: 14
(Unbraced)
Member list: 15
(Unbraced)
Member list: 16
(Unbraced)
Member list: 17
(Unbraced)
Minor axis
=> 0.600
(Unbraced)
-ve bending => 0.600
Minor axis
=> 0.600
(Unbraced)
Minor axis
=> 0.600
(Unbraced)
Minor axis
=> 0.600
(Unbraced)
Minor axis
=> 0.600
(Unbraced)
Minor axis
=> 0.600
(Unbraced)
Minor axis
=> 0.600
(Unbraced)
P9-36

Designer:
Date: 2 May 2012, 5:14 p.m.
F
Fvx
Mx
MLT
=
=
=
=
0.00
0.00
75.75
75.75
kN
kN
kNm (4.8.3.3)
kNm (Plastic)
Pt
Pcx
Pvx
Mcx
Mb
Mrx
Mw
Mcw
Pcw
Max
Mab
Mox
Mob
=
0.00 kN
= 1298.00 kN
= 473.94 kN
= 132.82 kNm
= 132.82 kNm
= 132.82 kNm
=
0.00 kNm
=
0.00 kNm
=
0.00 kNm
= 132.82 kNm
= 132.82 kNm
= 132.82 kNm
= 132.82 kNm
(4.6)
(4.7.4)
(4.2.3)
(4.2.5.2)
(4.3.6.4)
(4.8.2.3)
(H.3.1)
(H.3.1)
(H.3.1)
(I.1)
(I.1)
(I.1)
(I.1)
Fvy
My
=
=
Vw
Pcy
Pvy
Mcy
Mf
Mry
Fw
Mpw
Pw
May
Mxy
Moy
=
0.00 kN
= 1255.69 kN
= 266.11 kN
=
32.18 kNm
=
0.00 kNm
=
32.72 kNm
=
0.00 kN
=
0.00 kNm
=
0.00 kNm
=
0.00 kNm
= 132.82 kNm
=
0.00 kNm
Page: 96
-28.16 kN
0.00 kNm (Plastic)
(4.4.5.2)
(4.7.4)
(4.2.3)
(4.2.5.1)
(4.4.4.2)
(4.8.2.3)
(H.3.1)
(H.3.1)
(H.3.1)
(I.1)
(I.1)
(I.1)
Governing mode - Comp and bending/out-plane (I.1(a)) (Pass)
P9-37
9.10
Concrete Slab Design - LYSAUGHT BONDEK DESIGN SOFTWARE
The following pages contain program output for the slab design confirmation.
aurecon
11
Leading. VIbrant. Global.
P9-38
P9-39
P9-40
P9-41
P9-42
P9-43
P9-44
P9-45
P9-46
P9-47
P9-48
P9-49
P9-50
P9-51
P9-52
P9-53
P9-54
P9-55
P9-56
P9-57
P9-58
P9-59
P9-60
P9-61
P9-62
P9-63
P9-64
P9-65
P9-66
P9-67
P9-68
P9-69
P9-70
P9-71
P9-72
P9-73
P9-74
P9-75
P9-76
P9-77
P9-78
P9-79
P9-80
P9-81
P9-82
P9-83
P9-84
P9-85
P9-86
P9-87
P9-88
14. Conical Roof Design
Project 227268 | File 227268 - Raffles 25,000T Cement Silo - Structural Calculations - Complete - Rev1.docx | 15 August
2012 | Revision 1
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Raffles 25,000T Cement Silo - Structural Calculations - ST 09

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ST09 Issued for BCA Approval

P:\227268 - Raffles Cement Singapore\002-01\Report\ST 09 - Issued for

Load Cases for Silo Storage Structure

Purlins and Rails (Girts)

Summary of Software and Computer Models

Finite Element Analysis

General Structural Analysis

Design of Reinforced Concrete Sections

Design of Steel Sections

Wind Load with Uniform Distribution

Wind Load with Exact Distribution Pattern

Geometrical Parameters of Outer Cell

Geometrical Parameters of Inner Cell

Basic Load Cases

Combination Load Cases

High Rise Wall Reinforcement Design

Load Cases for Strength

Load Cases for Serviceability

Loading from Eurocode EN 1991:2006

Design Actions from Finite Element Model (Strand7) 6

Outer Reinforcement: Post Tensioning

Finite Element Model 6

Outer Reinforcement: Passive Reinforcement

Horizontal (Inner and Outer Face)

Inner Passive Reinforcement

Tabular and Graphical Output for Design Flow Specified Above

Outer Wall Section Interaction Diagrams

Graphical Output, Outer Wall

Spreadsheet Tabular Output, Outer Wall

7.10 Inner Wall Section Interaction Diagrams

Roof Slab Design

SPACE GASS Model

Beam and Connection Types

Design Parameters and Sketches

Calculation of Cast in Weld Plate Capacity

Inner Cell Steel Frame LIMCON Output Connection Design

254 x 137 UB 37 to 838 x 126 UB 225

Outer Cell Steel Frame LIMCON Output Connection Design

254 x 137 UB 37 to Cast in Weld Plate

Inner Cell Steel Frame SPACE GASS Output Member Design

Outer Cell Steel Frame SPACE GASS Output Member Design

9.10 Concrete Slab Design - LYSAUGHT BONDEK DESIGN SOFTWARE

Raffles 25,000 Tonne Cement Silo

Loads on Bulk Solids Containers

Structural Use of Concrete

Structural Use of Steelwork in Building, Part 1

Singapore Standard. Code of Practice for Foundations

EUROCODE 1, Actions on Structures, Part 4: Silos and Tanks

Basic wind speed (V)

Topography factor (S1)

Probability factor (S3)

Design for seismic loads is not required.

Load Cases for Silo Storage Structure

Primary Load Cases

Superimposed Dead Load

Platform and Roof Live Load

Inner Cell Fill (Initial/Static) Storage