ENERGETICS A2 WS 2

For
Examiners
Use

1(b) Iron(III) chloride readily dissolves in water.

FeCl 3(s)
(i)

Fe3+(aq) + 3Cl (aq)

Use the following data to calculate the standard enthalpy change for this process.
species

DH of / kJ mol1

FeCl 3(s)

399.5

Fe3+(aq)

48.5

Cl (aq)

167.2

DH o = .........................................kJ mol1
(ii)

A solution of iron(III) chloride is used to dissolve unwanted copper from printed

circuit boards.
When a copper-coated printed circuit board is immersed in FeCl 3(aq), the solution
turns pale blue.
Suggest an equation for the reaction between copper and iron(III) chloride and use
the Data Booklet to calculate the E o for the reaction.
equation ...................................................................................................................

E o = .................................................. V
[4]
[Total: 11]

Bilal Hameed
BILAL
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[5]

(c) The magnesium ions in seawater are mainly associated with chloride ions.
(i)

__

__

Use the following H fo values to calculate a value for the H o of the following
reaction.
MgCl2(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl (aq)
__

species

H fo /kJ mol1

MgCl2 (s)

641

Mg2+(aq)

467

Cl (aq)

167

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(ii)

Use your answer to explain why MgCl2 is very soluble in water.

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[2]

(d) All the chlorides of Group II elements are soluble in water. The same is not true of their
sulphates. These become less soluble as the group is descended.
Explain qualitatively the variation in solubility of the sulphates of the elements in
Group II down the Group from magnesium to barium.
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[Total : 12]

9701/04/M/J/03

Bilal
BILALHameed
HAMEED

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(a) Describe and explain how the solubilities of the sulfates of the Group II elements vary
down the group.
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(b) The following table lists some enthalpy changes for magnesium and strontium
compounds.
enthalpy change

value for magnesium

/ kJ mol1

value for strontium

/ kJ mol1

lattice enthalpy of M (OH)2

2993

2467

enthalpy change of hydration of M 2+(g)

1890

1414

enthalpy change of hydration of OH(g)

550

550

(i)

o
for Mg(OH)2 and for Sr(OH)2.
Use the above data to calculate values of H solution

Mg(OH)2 ...................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
o
= ..................................... kJ mol1
H solution

Sr(OH)2 ....................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
o
= ..................................... kJ mol1
H solution

(ii)

Use your results in (i) to suggest whether Sr(OH)2 is more or less soluble in water
than is Mg(OH)2. State any assumptions you make.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

(iii)

Suggest whether Sr(OH)2 would be more or less soluble in hot water than in cold.
Explain your reasoning.
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[5]

UCLES 2010

BILAL HAMEED

9701/43/M/J/10

For
Examiners
Use

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

41

(a) (i) What is meant by the term enthalpy change of hydration,

....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(ii) Write an equation that represents the

of the Mg2+ ion.

....................................................................................................................................
(iii) Suggest a reason why

of the Mg2+ ion is greater than

of the Ca2+ ion.

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....................................................................................................................................
(iv) Suggest why it is impossible to determine the enthalpy change of hydration of the
oxide ion, O2.
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[5]
(b) The enthalpy change of solution for MgCl 2,
following equation.
MgCl 2(s) + aq

(MgCl 2(s)), is represented by the

Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl (aq)

Describe the simple apparatus you could use, and the measurements you would make,
in order to determine a value for
(MgCl 2(s)) in the laboratory.
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..................................................................................................................................... [4]

UCLES 2012

BILAL HAMEED

9701/42/M/J/12

3
For
Examiners
Use

(c) The table below lists data relevant to the formation of MgCl 2(aq).
enthalpy change

value / kJ mol1

(MgCl 2(s))

641

(MgCl 2(aq))

801

lattice energy of MgCl 2(s)

(Mg2+(g))

2526
1890

By constructing relevant thermochemical cycles, use the above data to calculate a value for
(i)

(MgCl 2(s)),

= ....................................... kJ mol1
(ii)

(Cl (g)).

= ....................................... kJ mol1
[3]
(d) Describe and explain how the solubility of magnesium sulfate compares to that of barium
sulfate.
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..................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 16]

UCLES
2012
BILAL
HAMEED

9701/42/M/J/12

[Turn over

53

(a) Write an equation to represent the thermal decomposition of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2.
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Describe and explain how the thermal stabilities of the Group II nitrates vary down the
group.
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(c) When a molten nitrate of a Group I metal is heated strongly, it evolves oxygen and
leaves the metal nitrite, MNO2 (M = Na, K, Rb or Cs).
(i) Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) When a particular Group I metal nitrate was heated in this way until no further
change occurred, it lost 10.85% of its mass. Calculate the Ar of the metal and
hence identify it.

[3]
[Total: 7]

9701/4/S02

BILAL HAMEED

For
Examiner's
Use

63

(a) (i)

Describe and explain the trend observed in the thermal stability of the carbonates
of the Group II elements.
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(ii)

By quoting suitable data from the Data Booklet suggest how the thermal stabilities
of

zinc carbonate and

lead carbonate

might compare to that of calcium carbonate.

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[6]
(b) Malachite is an ore of copper. It contains the following percentages by mass.
copper
oxygen
carbon
hydrogen

57.7%
36.2%
5.4%
0.9%

Malachite reacts with dilute H2SO4 producing a gas B that turns limewater milky and
leaving a blue solution C.
When heated in the absence of air, malachite produces gas B and steam, and leaves a
black solid D. D reacts with dilute H2SO4 to produce the same blue solution C.
Adding iron filings to C produces a pink solid E and a pale green solution F.
(i)

Calculate the empirical formula of malachite.

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UCLES 2008

BILAL HAMEED

9701/04/O/N/08

For
Examiners
Use

7
3

(a) (i)

Write an equation showing the thermal decomposition of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii)

State and explain how the thermal stabilities of the nitrates vary down Group II.
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[4]

(b) The nitrates of calcium, strontium or barium are often added to firework mixtures to
produce red or green flames. The equation for the decomposition of one such mixture is
as follows.
Sr(NO3)2(s) + 3C(s) SrO(s) + N2(g) + 2CO2(g) + CO(g)
Calculate the volume of gas given off (measured at room temperature and pressure)
when a 10.0 g sample of this mixture decomposes. [Mr: Sr(NO3)2, 211.6]
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(c) Explain in detail how carbon monoxide, produced in this reaction, is poisonous.
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[Total: 8]

UCLES
2006
BILAL
HAMEED

9701/04/O/N/06

For
Examiners
Use

84

(a) Write an equation representing the action of heat on calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2.
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[1]

For
Examiners
Use

(b) Describe and explain the trend in the thermal stabilities of the nitrates of the Group II
elements.
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[3]
(c) Sodium carbonate is stable to heat, but heating lithium carbonate readily produces
CO2(g).
(i)

Suggest an equation for the action of heat on lithium carbonate.

..................................................................................................................................

(ii)

Suggest a reason for the difference in reactivity of these two carbonates.

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(iii)

Predict what you would see if a sample of lithium nitrate was heated. Explain your
answer.
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[4]
[Total: 8]

UCLES 2011

BILAL HAMEED

9701/43/O/N/11

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