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Welland Canal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coordinates:
The Welland Canal is a ship canal in Canada that extends 42 km (26 mi) from Port Weller, Ontario, on Lake Ontario, to Port Colborne, Ontario, on Lake Erie. As a part of the St. Lawrence Seaway, this canal enables ships to ascend and descend the Niagara Escarpment and to bypass Niagara Falls. Approximately 40,000,000 tonnes of cargo are carried through the Welland Canal annually by a traffic of about 3,000 ocean and Great Lakes vessels. This canal was a major factor in the growth of the city of Toronto. The original canal and its successors allowed goods from such Great Lakes ports as Detroit, Cleveland, Windsor, and other heavily industrialized areas of the United States and Ontario to be shipped to the port of Montreal or to Quebec City, where they were usually reloaded onto ocean-going vessels for international shipping. The completion of the Welland Canal made the Trent-Severn Waterway, that connected Lake Ontario with Lake Huron, obsolete as a commercial traffic route for Great Lakes navigation. The southern terminus of the Welland Canal on Lake Erie, located at Port Colborne, is 99.5 meters (326.5 feet) higher than the northern terminus of the Canal at Port Weller on Lake Ontario. This canal includes eight 24.4 meter (80 foot)wide ship locks.[1] Seven of the locks (Locks 1-7, the 'Lift locks') are 233.5 meters (766 feet) long and raise (or lower) passing ships by between 43 (13.01 m) and 49 feet (14.94 m) each. The southernmost lock, (Lock 8 - the 'Guard' or 'Control' lock) is 349.9 m (1,148 feet) in length.[2] The Garden City Skyway passes over the canal, restricting the maximum height of the masts of the ships allowed on this canal to 35.5 meters (116.5 feet). All other highway or railroad crossings of the Welland Canal are either movable bridges (of the vertical lift or bascule bridge types) or subterranean tunnels. The maximum permissible length of a ship in this canal is 225.5 meters (740 feet). It takes ships an average of about eleven hours to traverse the entire length of the Welland Canal.
Welland Canal
A ship transits the Welland Canal in St. Catharines, with the Homer Lift Bridge and Garden City Skyway in background. Original owner Welland Canal Company
Principal engineer Hiram Tibbetts Construction began 1824 Date completed Date extended Date restored 1830 1833 1932 740 ft 0 in (225.6 m) 26 ft 6 in (8.08 m) Lake Ontario at Port Weller Lake Erie at Port Colborne 8 27 miles (43 km) Open Saint Lawrence Seaway Management Corporation
Contents
1 History 1.1 First Welland Canal 1.2 Second Welland Canal 1.3 Third Welland Canal 1.4 Fourth (current) Welland Canal 1.5 Fifth (proposed but uncompleted) Welland Canal 2 Accidents and the Welland Canals 3 Sabotage and the Welland Canals 4 Shipping season 5 Facts and figures 5.1 Current canal 5.2 Increasing lock size 5.3 List of locks and crossings 5.3.1 Old alignment prior to Welland By-pass relocation 6 Profile 7 References 8 External links
Maximum boat length Maximum boat beam Start point End point Locks Length Status Navigation authority
Welland Canals
Legend
km
History
Before the digging of the Welland Canal, shipping traffic between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie used a portage road between Chippawa, Ontario, and Queenston, Ontario, both of which are located on the Niagara Riverabove and below Niagara Falls, respectively.
Lock #1
3.1
5.9 Lock #2 Queen Elizabeth Way - Garden City Skyway Lock #3 10.2
13.9
Allanburg Deep Cut Port Robinson Welland Recreational Waterway Welland River to Niagara River Main Street bridge - Main Street Tunnel CPR bridge Feeder Canal to Grand River Townline Tunnel
39.3 43.5
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Papen Plot". In April 1916, a United States federal grand jury issued an indictment against Franz von Papen, then a senior German diplomat, on charges of a plot to blow up the Welland Canal.[11] However, Papen was at the time safely on German soil, having been expelled from the US several months previously for alleged earlier acts of espionage and attempted sabotage. Von Papen remained under indictment on these charges until he became Chancellor of Germany in 1932, at which time the charges were dropped.
Shipping season
The Welland Canal closes in winter (JanuaryMarch) when ice or weather conditions become a hazard to navigation. The shipping season re-opens in spring when the waters are once again safe. In 2007, the season opened on the earliest date ever, March 20, just hours ahead of the vernal equinox.
Aerial photo of Port Dalhousie from the third canal era. 3rd canal lock at left, 2nd canal lock at right. Note 3rd canal towpath at upper left and Muir brothers' ship yard centre right.
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Municipality
Crossing
St. Catharines Lock 1 St. Catharines Bridge 1 St. Catharines Bridge 2 St. Catharines Lock 2 St. Catharines Bridge 3A St. Catharines Bridge 4A St. Catharines Bridge 4 St. Catharines Lock 3 St. Catharines Bridge 5 St Catharines Bridge 6 St Catharines Lock 4 Thorold Thorold Thorold Thorold Thorold Thorold Thorold Thorold Thorold Welland Welland Port Colborne Port Colborne Port Colborne Port Colborne Port Colborne Bridge 19 Lock 8 Bridge 19A Bridge 20 Bridge 21 Mellanby Avenue (Regional Road 3A) Buffalo and Lake Huron Railroad (now Canadian National Railway) Clarence Street Bridge 9 Bridge 10 Bridge 11 Bridge 12 Locks 5-6 Lock 7 Bridge 7 Bridge 8 Hoover Street Niagara Central Railway (now Canadian National Railway) Thorold Tunnel, carries Highway 58 Ormond Street Welland Railway (now Canadian National Railway) Canboro Road (Regional Road 20) (former Highway 20) Bridge Street (Regional Road 63) Main Street Tunnel: (Highway 7146) Townline Tunnel: Highway 58A and Canadian National Railway/Penn Central Main Street (Regional Road 3) Highway 3 Glendale Avenue (Regional Road 89) Great Western Railway (Ontario) (now Canadian National Railway) Carlton Street (Regional Road 83) Garden City Skyway: Queen Elizabeth Way Queenston Street (Regional Road 81) (former Highway 8) Lakeshore Road (Regional Road 87) Church Road (Now Linwell Road)
Never installed 43.193131N 79.202178W Replaced original Bridge 3 (destroyed in accident) also known as "Homer Lift Bridge" 43.155230N 79.193058W location of Welland Canal Information Centre
43.134283N 79.191899W twinned flight locks 43.123446N 79.193895W southernmost lift over the Niagara Escarpment removed removed
removed removed winter 1998 lowered prematurely on Windoc in 2001 destroyed by the Steelton in 1974
Old alignment prior to Welland By-pass relocation Municipality Bridge Number Crossing Remarks
Welland Recreational Waterway branches off from the Welland By-pass at Port Robinson Thorold Thorold Welland Welland Welland Welland Welland Bridge 14 Bridge 15 Bridge 13 Canadian National Railway Highway 406 Woodlawn Road (Regional Road 41) East Main Street/West Main Street (Regional Road 27) Division Street (Regional Road 527) Lincoln Street Canada Southern Railway (Penn Central) built during the relocation built after the relocation built after the relocation vertical lift bridge, counterweights removed 425930N 791505W built after the relocation rebuilt as fixed-span after the relocation 425901N 791516W rare Baltimore truss swing bridge [1] (http://www.historicbridges.org/truss/wellandrr/index.htm) 425837N 791521W rebuilt as fixed-span after the relocation, the new span located to the north of the original site of Bridge 16 425825N 791521W vertical lift bridge, counterweights still present 425657N 791500W vertical lift bridge, towers and counterweights removed 425650N 791458W
Welland
Bridge 16
cut by western approaches to Townline Tunnel (Highway 58A and Canadian National Railway/Penn Central) Welland Welland Bridge 17 Bridge 18 Canada Air-Line Railway (now Canadian National Railway) Forks Road
Welland Recreational Waterway merges with the Welland By-pass at Ramey's Bend in Port Colborne
If assigned by the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority. The original bridges across the fourth canal were numbered in order. Numbering was not changed as bridges were
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removed.
Profile
The following illustration depicts the profile of the Welland Canal. The horizontal axis is the length of the canal. The vertical axis is the elevation of the canal segments above mean sea level.
Profile of the Welland Canal from Lake Ontario (left) to Lake Erie (right)
References
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ^ http://www.media-seaway.com/seaway_handbook/welland.pdf St. lawrence Seaways System - Region Guide: Welland Canal Section ^ http://www.offshoreblue.com/cruising/welland-canal.php Offshore Blue - Cruising the Welland Canal ^ "Three Boys Drowned When Steamer Broke Thru Gates Of Canal". Toronto World. June 21, 1912. ^ "Marine Investigation Report #M01C0054: Striking and Subsequent Fire on Board Bridge 11, Welland Canal and Bulk Carrier Windoc, Welland Canal, Allanburg, Ontario, August 11, 2001." (http://bst.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/marine/2001/m01c0054/m01c0054.asp) Transportation Safety Board of Canada, 2005-07-05. Retrieved on August 15, 2007. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ilot1LVvioM Destroyed in Seconds: Boat Vs. Bridge ^ "Canal has been terrorist target: Brock prof" (http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:zGujfOEI7BMJ:www.niagarathisweek.com/news/article/624304--canalhas-been-terrorist-target-brock-prof+%22Canal+has+been+terrorist+target:+Brock+prof%22&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca) . Niagara This Week. February 26, 2010. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:zGujfOEI7BMJ:www.niagarathisweek.com/news/article/624304--canal-has-been-terrorist-target-brock-prof+% 22Canal+has+been+terrorist+target:+Brock+prof%22&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca. ^ http://wellandcanals.com/forum/index.php?topic=396.0 ^ Clark The Irish relations: trials of an immigrant tradition, p.121 ^ "Dynamite Luke among canal's terrorists" (http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:imnaevWvZ5IJ:www.wellandtribune.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx%3Fe% 3D2455912+%22Dynamite+Luke+among+canal%27s+terrorists%22&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca) . Welland Tribune. February 19, 2010. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:imnaevWvZ5IJ:www.wellandtribune.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx%3Fe%3D2455912+%22Dynamite+Luke+among+canal% 27s+terrorists%22&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca. ^ Clark The Irish relations: trials of an immigrant tradition, p.122 ^ "INDICT VON PAPEN AS CANAL PLOTTER". New York Times, pg. 1. April 18, 1916.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11.
External links
Wellandcanals.com Detailed phototours of all Four Welland Canals (http://www.wellandcanals.com) Survey maps of the First and Second Welland Canals at Brock University (http://images.ourontario.ca/Brock/Results.asp?grd=105) Boat Traffic Site (http://www.greatlakes-seaway.com/R2/jsp/R2.jsp?language=E&loc=VT00.jsp) "New Inland Canal Rivals Panama", February 1931, Popular Science (http://books.google.com/books? id=3ScDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA62&dq=Popular+Science+1931+plane&hl=en&ei=QMFTYuKNdjUnAff88XlDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Popular%20Science%201931% 20plane&f=true) The Old Welland Canals Field Guide (http://oldwellandcanals.wikidot.com/) Exploring the Old Welland Canals (http://maps.google.com/maps/ms? hl=en&ie=UTF8&view=map&msa=0&msid=105822307812007027098.000469aac1d826988241b&ll=43.156185,79.249556&spn=0.011489,0.02429&t=h&z=16/) (Google map) Railway Maps (http://www.niagararails.com/maps.shtml) (includes details of the Welland Realignment) The Welland Canal Section of the St. Lawrence Seaway (http://www.greatlakes-seaway.com/en/pdf/welland.pdf) (PDF) Has information about Niagara Region bridges, including many Welland Canal Bridges. (http://www.historicbridges.org/b_c_on_niagara.htm) Welland Public Library archive of canal history images & clippings (http://www.welland.library.on.ca/digital/Chist.htm) Images from the Historic Niagara Digital Collections (http://www.nflibrary.ca/nfplindex/results.asp?action=browse&q=295&key=335) Art works from the collection of the Niagara Falls Public Library (http://www.nflibrary.ca/nfplindex/results.asp?action=browse&q=79&key=335) "Windoc Bridge Accident." (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2Wn2RDzsvg) Youtube, 2006-09-30. Al Miller, "Windoc Accident." (http://www.boatnerd.com/windoc/)
430920.00N 791137.50W (http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Welland_Canal¶ms=43_09_20.00_N_79_11_37.50_W_region:CA_type:landmark Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Welland_Canal&oldid=533808449" Categories: Ship canals Economic history of Canada Saint Lawrence Seaway Canals in Ontario Transport in Welland Transport in St. Catharines Welland Canal This page was last modified on 19 January 2013 at 06:32. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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