EE6170 Introduction to Wireless and Cellular Communications Computer Assignment 1

SOURAV CHATTERJEE EE12M016 1) Function for generating SRRC Pulse

function [h]=rrcpulse(lowlim,incre,highlim,r,tsamp) count=1; for n=lowlim:incre:highlim if (n==0) h(count)=1-r+(4*r/pi); elseif (n==((8*tsamp)/(4*r))||n==(-(8*tsamp)/(4*r))) h(count)=(r/sqrt(2))*((1+2/pi)*sin(pi/(4*r))+(12/pi)*cos(pi/(4*r))); else h(count)=(sin(pi*(1r)*(n/(8*tsamp)))+4*r*(n/(8*tsamp))*cos(pi*(1+r)*(n/(8*tsamp))) )/(pi*(n/(8*tsamp))*(1-16*r*r*(n/(8*tsamp))*(n/(8*tsamp)))); end count=count+1; end

Code for generating frequency response

clc; clear all; r1=.35; r2=.7; r3= 1; %srrc roll off factor tsym=1/25000; %symbol time tsamp=tsym/8; %sampling time f=(2*pi)/tsamp; x1=rrcpulse(-5*tsym,tsamp,5*tsym,r1,tsamp); x2=rrcpulse(-5*tsym,tsamp,5*tsym,r2,tsamp); %srrc pulse generated x3=rrcpulse(-5*tsym,tsamp,5*tsym,r3,tsamp); figure(1) h1=fft(x1); h11=fftshift(h1); h2=fft(x2); h21=fftshift(h2); h3=fft(x3); h31=fftshift(h3); w=-40:1:40; plot((w*f),20*log10(abs(h11(w+41))),'r*',(w*f),20*log10(abs(h21(w+41))),'b-',(w*f),20*log10(abs(h31(w+41))),'g^-') %plotting of frequency response grid on; title('Frequency response of SRRC Pulse for different roll-off factors'); xlabel('Frequency (Hz)'); ylabel('Magnitude(db)'); legend('rolloff factor=.35','rolloff factor=.7','rolloff facor=1');

Plot of Frequency Response

Frequency response of SRRC Pulse for different roll-off factors 20 rolloff factor=.35 rolloff factor=.7 rolloff facor=1 0

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2) Continuation of the above code

xrc=conv(x1,x1); %generate rc pulse by convolving two srrc pulses count1=1; for a=40:(length(xrc)-41) xrc1(count1)=xrc(a); %truncate for appropriate sampling count1=count1+1; end d=randsrc(1,20); %take random sequence of 20 bits dup=zeros(1,8*20); %Generate the upsampled array for i=1:20 dup(8*(i-1)+1)= d(i); %Upsampling the signal by factor of 8 end result0=conv(dup,xrc1/8); %Convolving the result with rc pulse count2=1; for a=40:(length(result0)-41) result1(count2)=result0(a); %Truncate for approproiate sampling count2=count2+1; end figure(2) plot(result1,'*-') %Plot the generated waveform title('Resultant waveform for 20 samples'); figure(3) for i=1:20 c(i)=result1(8*(i-1)+1); end eyediag(result1,16); %Generate eye diagram' title('Eye diagram(100 samples taken for proper construction)');

Function for eye diagram

function eyediag(x,n) for i=1:(length(x)/n) for j=1:n k(j)=x(n*(i-1)+j); end plot(k) hold on; end

Values obtained at ideal sampling points Columns 1 through 4 -1.0064 0.9957 -0.9937 -1.0069 Columns 5 through 8 -0.9940 0.9937 0.9954 -1.0054 Columns 9 through 12 1.0044 -1.0068 0.9985 1.0042 Columns 13 through 16 0.9944 -1.0051 1.0071 0.9985 Columns 17 through 20 -0.9965 0.9978 1.0004 -0.9975 Sent Values
Columns 1 through 7 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1

Columns 8 through 14 -1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1

Columns 15 through 20 1 1 -1 1 1 -1

Observations
We see that the sampled values are nearly equal to the sent values. So there is no ISI in the bandlimited channel due to use of RC pulse shaping.

Transmitted Waveform
Resultant waveform for 20 samples 2

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Eye Diagram
Eye diagram(100 samples taken for proper construction) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2

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3)a)Continuation of the above code

%Generation of mdulating bits d1=randsrc(1,1024); %QPSK Symbol generation loopcount=1; for i=1:2:length(d1)-1 if(d1(i)==-1&&d1(i+1)==-1) qpsk(loopcount)=exp(1i*pi/4); elseif(d1(i)==-1&&d1(i+1)==1) qpsk(loopcount)=exp(3*1i*pi/4); elseif(d1(i)==1&&d1(i+1)==-1) qpsk(loopcount)=exp(-1i*pi/4); else qpsk(loopcount)=exp(-3*1i*pi/4); end loopcount=loopcount+1; end dup2=zeros(1,(8*loopcount)); dup3=zeros(1,(8*loopcount)); %upsampling by factor of 8 for i=1:loopcount-1 dup2(8*(i-1)+1)= real(qpsk(i)); dup3(8*(i-1)+1)= imag(qpsk(i));

end %Generation of two orthogonal waveforms for real and imaginary part of QPSK %symbol qpsktx1lin=conv(dup2,x1); qpsktx1qu=conv(dup3,x1); %Truncation for appropriate sampling count3=1; for a=40:(length(qpsktx1lin)-41) qpsktx1in(count3)=qpsktx1lin(a); qpsktx1qua(count3)=qpsktx1qu(a); count3=count3+1; end %addition of noise with Eb/No=6db SNR=9; qpskinrec=awgn(qpsktx1in,SNR); qpskqurec=awgn(qpsktx1qua,SNR); for b=1:loopcount-1 qpskinrec1(b)=qpskinrec(8*(b-1)+1); qpskqurec1(b)=qpskqurec(8*(b-1)+1); end qpskrec=qpskinrec1+1i*qpskqurec1; %plotting of received symbols scatterplot(qpskrec)

Scatterplot of received symbols

Scatter plot 2

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b,c)Continuation of code
%Calculation of signal power Eb=0; for f=1:length(qpsktx1in) Eb=Eb+(qpsktx1in(f))^2; end Ps=Eb/length(qpsktx1in); count6=1; Eb_No_db=0:2:12; %BER and SER simulation for Eb_No=0:2:12 Ps_Pn=Eb_No+3; %Calculation of noise variance variance=Ps/(10^(Ps_Pn/10)); %generation of AWGN noise=sqrt(variance)*randn(1,length(qpsktx1in)); %addition of noise qpsktxinrec2=qpsktx1in+noise; qpsktxqurec2=qpsktx1qua+noise; %Convolution of receives symbols with matched filter qpsktxinrec3=conv(qpsktxinrec2,x1); qpsktxqurec3=conv(qpsktxqurec2,x1); count4=1; %Truncation for appropriate sampling for a=40:(length(qpsktxinrec3)-41) qpsktxinrec4(count4)=qpsktxinrec3(a); qpsktxqurec4(count4)=qpsktxqurec3(a); count4=count4+1; end

%Extraction of received data for b=1:loopcount-1 qpskinrec5(b)=qpsktxinrec4(8*(b-1)+1); qpskqurec5(b)=qpsktxqurec4(8*(b-1)+1); end qpskrec2=complex(qpskinrec5,qpskqurec5); phase=angle(qpskrec2); %Maximum likelihood decoding of received samples for z=1:length(qpskrec2) if phase(z)>0 && phase(z)<=(pi/2) qpskdec(z)=exp(j*pi/4); end if phase(z)>(pi/2) && phase(z)<=pi qpskdec(z)=exp(3*j*pi/4); end if phase(z)<=0 && phase(z)>(-pi/2) qpskdec(z)=exp(-j*pi/4); end if phase(z)<=(-pi/2) && phase(z)>(-pi) qpskdec(z)=exp(-3*j*pi/4); end end %Decoding of bits from decoded samples count5=1; for z1=1:length(qpskdec) if qpskdec(z1)==exp(j*pi/4) qpskdec1(count5)=-1; qpskdec1(count5+1)=-1; end if qpskdec(z1)==exp(3*j*pi/4) qpskdec1(count5)=-1; qpskdec1(count5+1)=1; end if qpskdec(z1)==exp(-j*pi/4) qpskdec1(count5)=1; qpskdec1(count5+1)=-1; end if qpskdec(z1)==exp(-3*j*pi/4) qpskdec1(count5)=1; qpskdec1(count5+1)=1; end count5=count5+2; end %Calculation of number of errors symerror=0; biterror=0; for k=1:length(qpskdec) result1=abs(qpsk(k)-qpskdec(k)); if result1~=0 symerror=symerror+1; end end for i=1:length(qpskdec1) result2=abs(d1(i)-qpskdec1(i)); if result2~=0 biterror=biterror+1; end end %Calculation of probability of error psymerror(count6)=symerror/length(qpskdec); pbiterror(count6)=biterror/length(d1);

pbiterrortheo(count6)=qfunc(sqrt(2*(10^(Eb_No/10))));; count6=count6+1; end figure(7) semilogy(Eb_No_db,psymerror,'r^-',Eb_No_db,pbiterror,'b*',Eb_No_db,pbiterrortheo,'g^-') title('BER and SER plot versus Eb/No'); xlabel('Eb/No(db)'); ylabel('Probability of error'); legend('SER','BER','Theoretical BER');

Plot of BER and SER versus Eb/No

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BER and SER plot versus Eb/No SER BER Theoretical BER

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Conclusion

The actual BER and SER curves come a little different from the theoretical because we have not simulated over sufficient number of samples.

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