Nama NIM Kelas

: Siti Nurjannah : 115130100111001 :A

TUGAS ENDOKRIN

1. Describe the HPA axis. HPA axis is Hypothalamyc-Pituitary-Adrenal. Hypothalamyc and pituitary have related in the functional and anatomic. That have role at the control for most of body hormonal system. Its why the pituitary conceived as master of gland. Hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal releasing hormon which have related. For example, in the stress pathways, cell in hypotalamus produce Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH) and AVP. CRH turning binds to specific receptors on pituitary cells, and releasing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Then, ACTH transported to adrenal gland stimulates the production of adrenal hormones. The adrenal glands that are located on top of the kidneys increase the secretion of cortisol. The release of cortisol initiates a series of metabolic effects of stress through negative feedback to both the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary, which decrease the concentration of ATH and cortisol in the blood once the state of stress subsides.

2. What is POMC? POMC (Proopiomelanocortin) is a precursor peptide, synthesized mainly in the anterior pituitary gland but also found in the hypothalamus, brain, and several peripheral tissues. It can depress the passion of eat and improve the usage of energy. The POMC also have function to binding the CRF with CRF1. It incorporates the mRNA POMC to releasing of ACTH and beta-lipotropin. 3. In what regions of the body has CRF mRNA being detected? The region of CRF mRNA in the CNS of brain regions (hypothalamus, pituitary, hippocampus, and PFC). 4. What are the 2 CRF receptors and where are they distributed? The CRF receptors is C-terminus of CRF(2) and anti-CRF(1). CRF R1 distribution in corticotrops from anterior pituitary. And CRF R2 is activated by effect from CRF R2 and there are in anterior pituitary. In addition, CRF is widely distributed in brain and periphery. This has been shown repeatedly to participate in the mobilization of complementary autonomic and behavioral adjustments to a variety of threatening circumstances. 5. What peptide is required for normal diurnal pattern of

glucocorticoids? Normal diurnal pattern of glucocorticoid required the low peptide and balance with lipid and sakarida. 6. What is the importance of maternally derived glucocorticoids? Maternally derived glucocorticoids during embryonic development impacts offspring phenotype. Glucocorticoids is produced in Adrenal korteks gland and releasing kortison and hidrocortison. This important to carbohydrate metabolism, protein, lipid, vital maturation organ, imune system, and strength of bone.