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11
Design of Joints for
Special Loading
Version 2 ME , IIT Kharagpur
Lesson
1
Design of Eccentrically
Loaded Bolted/Riveted
Joints
Version 2 ME , IIT Kharagpur
Instructional Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to understand:
in the screws but the vertical component, Fv , is responsible for turning the
bracket about the lowermost point in left (say point O), which in an indirect way
introduces tension in the screws.
FH
If the bolts are made of same material and have same dimension, then
f i = kyi
FH
L2 fi
li
yi
L1
Using the moment balance equations about O, the lowermost point in the left
side, the following equation is obtained.
2 ∑ fi li = Fh L1 + Fv L2
Fh L1 + Fv L2
i.e., α = . The factor 2 appears because there are two bolts
2 ∑ li
2
in a row.
Thus the force in the i-th screw is
⎡F L + F L ⎤ F
f i = ⎢ h 1 2v 2 ⎥l i + h , where n = total number of bolts.
⎢⎣ 2∑ l i ⎥⎦ n
Note that Fv causes also direct shear in the bolt. Its effect may be ignored for
Rivet
F
Centroid
F
in addition to inducing direct shear of magnitude in each rivet, causes the
4
whole assembly to rotate. Hence additional shear forces appear in the rivets.
∑ fl
i
i i = FL
FL
or α =
∑ li
2
FL
Thus, the additional force is f i = li .
∑ li2
FL
Direct
Indirect
F
The net force in the i-th rivet is obtained by parallelogram law of vector
addition as
2
⎛F⎞ F
fi '= f i 2 + ⎜ ⎟ + 2 ⋅ ⋅ f i cos θ i
⎝4⎠ 4
where θ i =angle between the lines of action of the forces shown in the figure.
L
d
Ans. In this case the pillar have a tendency to topple about the point on the
outer diameter lying closest to the point of application of the load.
Choose the line joining the center of the base and the point of application
of the load as the reference line. In this case
yi =distance of the i-th bolt from the tilting point
⎛D⎞ ⎛d ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ cos θ i
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
where θ i =angular position of the i-th bolt. Since there are n equally spaced
bolts so
n⎛ ⎛ D⎞ ⎛d ⎞ ⎞
2 2
⎛ D ⎞⎛ D d ⎞
W ⎜ L − ⎟⎜ + ⎟
2 ⎠⎝ 2 2 ⎠
f max = ⎝ .
n⎛ ⎛ D⎞ ⎛d ⎞ ⎞
2 2
⎜ 2⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
2 ⎜⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎟⎠
Hence
π
d 2 × ss = F which yields d ≈ 16 mm.
4
80 mm 20 kN
30 mm
30 mm
30 mm