Structure of Retail in Canada

The Structure of Retail in Canada
Prepared for the Retail Council of Canada in partnership with Industry Canada
By Jacobson Consulting Inc.
Paul M. Jacobson
Table of Contents The Retail Sector ..............................................................................................................................................1 1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................1 2 The Definition of Retail............................................................................................................................1 3 What Retail Sells ......................................................................................................................................4 4 Retail Revenues, Stores and Margins.......................................................................................................8 4.1 Sectors ..............................................................................................................................................8 4.2 Stores ................................................................................................................................................8 4.3 Margins...........................................................................................................................................11 5 Investment ..............................................................................................................................................14 6 Labour Costs...........................................................................................................................................16 7 The Drivers of Retail Trade....................................................................................................................18 8 Products from All Over the World .........................................................................................................25 Recent Trends.................................................................................................................................................27 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................27 2 Locations ................................................................................................................................................27 3 Retail GDP..............................................................................................................................................31 4 Retail Sales .............................................................................................................................................31 5 Employment Growth ..............................................................................................................................34 Work Force.....................................................................................................................................................41 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................41 2 Employment Structure...........................................................................................................................41 3 Demographic Characteristics..................................................................................................................47 4 Occupations in Retail .............................................................................................................................51 5 Retail Compensation ..............................................................................................................................53 6 The Retail Career....................................................................................................................................60 Data Sources and Notes..................................................................................................................................67 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................67 2 Data Classification..................................................................................................................................67 3 Data Concepts.........................................................................................................................................68 3.1 Data Collection...............................................................................................................................68 3.2 Retail-Specific Surveys ..................................................................................................................68 3.3 Data Aggregation............................................................................................................................69 Note to Readers ..............................................................................................................................................72 Statistical Supplement ....................................................................................................................................74
JACOBSON CONSULTING INC.
Figures and Tables

Figure 1 Retail Establishment Counts Figure 2 Store Counts Per 1000 Persons Figure 3 Retail Commodity Sales 2004 Figure 4 Market Share of Major Commodity Groupings 2004 Figure 5 Market Share of Large Retailers - 2004 Figure 6 Operating Revenue by Trade Group 2003 Figure 7 Operating Revenue Per Store by Trade Group Figure 8 Sales Per Square Foot For Chains Figure 9 Operating Revenue by Trade Group and Store Type Figure 10 Gross Margin by Trade Group Figure 11 Profit Margin Rate by Trade Group Figure 12 Regional Profit Margin by Trade Group - 2003 Figure 13 Capital Investment Activity Figure 14 Capital Expenditures 2003 Figure 15 Capital and Repair Investment 2003 Figure 16 Labour Costs as a Share of Operating Revenue Figure 17 Labour costs as a share of Operating Expenses Figure 18 Growth Rates of Sales and Income Figure 19 Selected Household Statistics by Income Quintile - 2003 Figure 20 Relationships in Household Spending - 2003 Figure 21 Incidence of Purchases Figure 22 Household Statistics by Income Quintile Figure 23 Home Renovation by Income Quintile Figure 24 Import Shares of Domestic Market Figure 25 Chinese Share of Retail-related Imports Figure 26 Store Counts for Canada Figure 27 Growth in Store Counts by Province 1999-2003 Figure 28 Growth in Locations by Trade Group - 1999-2003 Figure 29 Top 15 Markets by Chain Locations Figure 30 Fastest Growing Urban Markets Figure 31 Industry Gross Domestic Product Figure 32 Average Annual Growth Rates of Retail Sales by Trade Group Figure 33 Per Capita Retail Sales by Province Figure 34 Sales of Commodities by Large Retailers Figure 35 Employment Growth 2000-04 Figure 36 Net Employment Gains 2000-04 Figure 37 Retail Employment 1987-2004 Figure 38 Retail Employment by Class of Worker Figure 39 Employed Workers in Retail Figure 40 Recent Retail Employees by Sector Figure 41 Hourly Wages Figure 42 Retail Employment 2001 Figure 43 Retail Employment by Size of Enterprise Figure 44 Employees by Workplace Size Figure 45 Retail Employment Structure 2001 Figure 46 Retail Employment by Class of Worker Figure 47 Structure of Retail Employment 2004 Figure 48 Weekly Hours Worked Figure 49 Labour Force Characteristics Figure 50 Educational Attainment by Sector Figure 51 Immigrated in the Last 5 Years 3 4 5 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 31 32 33 34 35 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
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Figure 52 Prevalence of Female and Part-Time Employment Figure 53 Labour Force Occupational Characteristics Figure 54 Occupational Comparison - Retail and Manufacturing Figure 55 Structure of Income by Sector Figure 56 Structure of Income for Retail Managers By Sector Figure 57 Employed Workers - Union Coverage 2004 Figure 58 Average Weekly Earnings by Sector Figure 59 Average Weekly Earnings Figure 60 Distribution of Hourly Wage Rates - Retail Sales Occupation Figure 61 Incidence of Health Benefits 2001 Figure 62 Incidence of Health Benefits by Occupation 2001 Figure 63 Structure of Tenure by Sector 2004 Figure 64 Employee Turnover Estimates Figure 65 Worker Retention - Same Employer in 2001 and 2002 Figure 66 Same Employer in 2001 and 2002 by Region Figure 67 Job Satisfaction 2001 Figure 68 Pay Satisfaction 2001 Figure 69 Training Activities Figure 70 Training by Workplace Size and Employment Status Table 1 Retail Establishment Counts Table 2 Store Counts by Region Table 3 Per Capita Store Counts Table 4 Market Shares of Major Commodity Groupings 2004 Table 5 Sales of Commodities by Large Retailers Table 6 Market Share of Large Retailers Table 7 Operating Revenue by Trade Group Table 8 Operating Revenue Per Store By Trade Group Table 9 Sales Per Square Foot for Chain Stores Table 10 Operating Revenue by Trade Group and Store Type 2003 Table 11 Gross Margin by Trade Group Table 12 Profit Margin by Trade Group Table 13 Profit Margin by Trade Group by Type Table 14 Profit Margin Rate by Trade Group and Province Table 15 Gross Margin by Trade Group and Province Table 16 Structures Investment by Retail 2003 Table 17 Machinery & Equipment Investment by Retail 2003 Table 18 Total Investment by Retail 2003 Table 19 Capital Expenditure by the Retail Sector Table 20 Capital and Repair Investment in Retail 2003 Table 21 Labour Costs by Trade Group Table 22 Labour Costs as a share of Operating Revenue by Type Table 23 Labour Costs as a share of Operating Expenses by Type Table 24 Sales and Income Table 25 Personal Disposable Income Per Capita Table 26 Selected Household Statistics by Income Quintile Table 27 Relationships in Household Spending 2003 Table 28 Selected Household Expenditure Statistics Table 29 Incidence of Purchases of Selected Goods Table 30 Average Expenditure of Reporting Households Table 31 Median Expenditure on Selected Goods Table 32 Home Renovation Expenditure Table 33 Import Shares for Key Markets Table 34 Chinese Share of Imports for Selected Sectors Table 35 Store Counts for Canada
51 52 53 54 55 56 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 63 64 64 65 66 75 75 76 77 78 79 79 80 81 81 82 82 83 84 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 96 97 97 98
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Table 36 Store Counts by Province Table 37 Store Counts by Type Table 38 Fastest Growing Urban Markets - Chain Locations Table 39 Top 15 Markets by Chain Locations Table 40 Retail Trade by Trade Group Table 41 Retail Sales Per Capita Table 42 Sales of Commodities by Large Retailers Table 43 Employment Gain 2000 to 2004 Table 44 Retail Employment Over Time Table 45 Role of Women and Part-time Table 46 Prevalence of Female and Part-time Employment Table 47 Total Employment in Retail by Sector Table 48 Self-Employment in Retail by Sector Table 49 Self-Employment Share in Retail Table 50 Structure of Retail Employment 2004 - Shares Table 51 Structure of Retail Employment 2004 Table 52 Retail Employment by Class of Worker Table 53 Retail Employed Workers Table 54 Retail Employed Workers - 1-3 Months Tenure Table 55 Share of Employees Recently Hired Table 56 Retail Employed Workers by Province Table 57 Workers with 1-3 Month Tenure by Province Table 58 Share of Employees Recently Hired by Province Table 59 Full-time Retail Employed Workers Table 60 Employed Workers with Union Coverage Table 61 Share of Union Coverage Table 62 Hourly Earnings of Hourly-Rated Employees Table 63 Labour Force Employment Characteristics Census Table 64 Retail Employment by Size of Enterprise Table 65 Employees by Workplace Size 2001 Table 66 Distribution of Hours Worked 2001 Table 67 Labour Force Characteristics 2001 Table 68 Labour Force Occupational Characteristics Table 69 Educational Attainment by Sector Table 70 Occupational Comparison - Retail and Manufacturing Table 71 Structure of Income by Sector Table 72 Structure of Income for Retail Managers by Sector Table 73 Average Weekly Earnings Table 74 Distribution of Wage Rates - Retail Sales Occupation Table 75 Incidence of Health Benefits Table 76 Incidence of Health Benefits by Occupation Table 77 Structure of Tenure by Sector 2004 Table 78 Employee Turnover Estimates Table 79 Employee Mobility Table 80 Employee Mobility by Province Table 81 Job Satisfaction 2001 Table 82 Job and Pay Satisfaction 2001 Table 83 Training Received by Employees Table 84 Training by Workplace Size and Employment Status
98 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 103 104 104 104 105 106 106 107 107 107 108 108 108 109 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 117 118 118 118 119 119 119 120 120
Chapter
The Retail Sector
The Retail Sector

A discussion of the structure and characteristics of the Canadian Retail Sector
1 Introduction
This report outlines the structure and general characteristics of the retail sector in Canada. 1 This chapter emphasizes the general characteristics of the sector. Separate chapters of the report focus on recent growth and on the sector labour force. Appendices discuss data sources and definitions as well as provide substantially more statistical detail. Data underlying all charts are also available in the data appendix. Maintaining the confidentiality of data about single businesses is one of the challenges inherent in the analysis of data by sector in Canada. Many sectors, even nationally, are dominated by one or two key players. To facilitate the most detailed and specific analysis, the report utilizes various aggregations of retail stores or businesses: Industry Sectors based on the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), identified by a numerical classification with 3 or more digits; Trade Groups aggregations of sectors; Special Aggregations aggregations of trade groups.
Aggregations are chosen to reflect best the characteristics of the specific data source. The definitions of these aggregations are included in Appendix A. Data are also presented in terms of commodities. It should be noted that some commodities, such as food, are sold in many different types of stores. 2 The Definition of Retail
Retailers sell things to people, almost always final consumers. Sales of business consumables (e.g. paper, pens, and computer supplies) are often handled through retailers as well. The technical definition, adapted from the North American Industrial Classification (NAICS) is more specific. 2
The author would like to acknowledge the significant funding support for this project provided by Industry Canada and the Retail Council of Canada. 2 http://stds.statcan.ca/english/naics/2002/naics02-class-search.asp?criteria=44-45
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Retail establishments primarily engage in retailing merchandise, generally without transformation, and render services incidental to the sale of merchandise They are organized to sell merchandise in small quantities to the general public Store retailers operate fixed point-of-sale locations, situated and designed to attract a high volume of walk-in customers using: o Extensive displays of merchandise, and o Mass-media advertising to attract customers.
Non-store retailers focus on catalogue and in-home sales as well as sales of speciality products such as home heating fuels.
One way to assess the role of retail is to consider the economic importance of consumer expenditure. Essentially, the retail sector facilitates the purchase by consumers of 27% of Domestic Final Demand, the goods and services sold to final purchasers. Technically, retail does not produce the goods. Rather, the actual production of the retail sector is the service of retailing the goods to consumers. The value of this service is represented by the margin between the cost of the goods sold and the final price paid by the purchaser. In technical terms, this difference is referred to as the Gross Margin. The relative importance of this margin can be seen by the amount of output or domestic product produced by the retail sector. In real (adjusted for inflation or price change) terms, retail produced $60 billion (in $97) out of slightly more than $1 trillion in total (in $97) or 5.7% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2004. Labour is proportionately a much more important input to the retail sector than in most other large sectors, such as manufacturing. Retail provided jobs for roughly 12 per cent of all those employed in 2004. Bulk of this activity was conducted in stores but some occurred in other venues. In 2003, store-based retailers had $356.2 billion of operating revenue compared to $12.1 billion for non-store formats. The latter includes $5.2 billion for fuel dealers. 3 Retail generally has proportionately somewhat more small businesses than other sectors. In June 2004, Statistics Canada identified slightly more than 227,000 retail establishments, or 9.6% of the total for the economy as a whole.
The non-store sector includes sellers of home-heating petroleum products. However, natural gas and electricity sales are handled by utilities not classified as retail under NAICS.
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Retail Establishment Counts - June 2004 By Employment Size Groups Under 10 41.6% 10-49 13.0%
Undetermined Empl. Size 42.9%

Canadian Business Patterns
50-99 1.5% 100-199 0.7% 200+ 0.3%
Figure 1 Retail Establishment Counts
The establishment is the smallest statistical unit for which identifiable financial records, particularly payroll, are available. Establishments are classified according to size of payroll, where possible. The preceding chart (Figure 1) shows their allocation by employment size category. Retail focuses on stores. For store-based retailing, in 2003, Statistics Canada identified 199,952 store locations, of which 41,498 were chain stores (4 or more locations under one owner). Existence of retail locations usually defines a town or neighbourhood. There are probably some economies of agglomeration so that denser urban areas require fewer stores than more sparsely settled regions. This is apparent in the next chart (Figure 2), which shows the relationship between stores and population at the provincial level.
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Store Counts Per 1000 Persons

8.00 7.00 6.00 Per 1000 Persons 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 CAN NL PE NS NB QC ON 1999 MB 2003 SK AB BC YK NW NU
Annual Retail Store Survey
Figure 2 Store Counts Per 1000 Persons
Broadly speaking, there were roughly 6 store locations for every 1,000 persons in Canada. Relatively fewer stores in northern territories suggest greater dependence on non-store catalogue formats and fewer towns or other settlements. The chart with data for 1999 and 2003 indicates modest gains in a number of regions. 3 What Retail Sells
The largest sectors are food and automotive, occupying roughly half the retail landscape in terms of sales. The next chart (Figure 3) shows the basic market shares for the major categories of retail commodities. 4
Not sales by trade group or industrial sector

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Retail Commodity Sales 2004 by Commodity Grouping Food and beverages 22.1%
Automotive fuels, oils and additives (for automotive and recreational vehicles and farm equipment) 8.3% Motor vehicles, parts, service and rental 22.0% Sporting and leisure goods 3.5% Quarterly Retail Commodity Survey
All other goods and services 9.3%
Health and personal care products 8.4% Clothing, footwear and accessories 8.4% Housewares (nonelectric) and household supplies 2.1%
Hardware, lawn and garden products 6.7%
Furniture, home furnishings and electronics 9.1%
Figure 3 Retail Commodity Sales 2004
Originally, retail businesses specialized in particular markets or products. For example, years ago food stores usually did not compete with auto parts stores, or general merchandise stores. Now, however, some grocery stores sell simple auto parts while the latter sell home cleaning supplies. The next figure (Figure 4) displays retail commodities and market share for the most significant sub-sectors.
Market Shares of Major Commodity Groupings 2004 Total Market Major Sector Total Retail Value Value Commodity Group ($BN) Name $BN
Food and beverages Health and personal care products Clothing, footwear and accessories Housewares (non-electric) and household supplies Furniture, home furnishings and electronics Hardware, lawn and garden products Sporting and leisure goods Motor vehicles, parts, service and rental Automotive fuels, oils and additives (for automotive and recreational vehicles and farm equipment) All other goods and services Source: Quarterly Retail Commodity Survey 76,869 29,283 29,206 7,287 31,605 23,189 12,292 76,599 29,016 32,357 Food and Beverage Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Clothing and Accessories Stores General Merchandise Stores Furniture, Home Furnishings and Electronics Stores Building and Outdoor Home Supplies Stores Miscellaneous Retailers Automotive Automotive Automotive 66,935 19,285 19,247 3,059 20,331 17,325 6,383 74,315 27,946 11,465
Share
87% 66% 66% 42% 64% 75% 52% 97% 96% 35%
Figure 4 Market Share of Major Commodity Groupings 2004
Only the automotive and food sectors occupy more than 80% of the market for their major commodity specializations. A table (Table 4) covering both major and second tier sectors in the statistical appendix shows general merchandising is the major second sector in many commodity categories. At one point, department stores, a component of General Merchandise Stores, were the expected source for most
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purchases of housewares. In 2004, however, the General Merchandise sector, which includes department stores and warehouse club chains, distributed only 42% of housewares. Even the Pharmacy and Personal Care sector captures only 66% of the market for its dominant products. Though the retail sector is characterized by many businesses in many locations, large retail chains dominate many segments. Statistics Canada conducts a monthly survey of 80 large retailer businesses accounting for some 35% of non-automotive retail sales. The next figure (Figure 5) summarizes market presence of these retailers in the sale of specific commodities.
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Market Share of Large Retailers - 2004 Selected Commodities ($BN) Total commodities Food Non-alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages Drugs (prescription and over-the-counter), vitamins and other health supplements Women's clothing and accessories Men's clothing and accessories Footwear Indoor furniture Household appliances Home electronics, computers and cameras Home furnishings Housewares Hardware and home renovation products Lawn and garden products, equipment and plants Sporting goods Toys, games and hobby supplies Pre-recorded CDs, DVDs, and video and audio tapes Books, newspapers and other periodicals Automotive fuels, oils and additives Tobacco products and supplies Residual Commodities Source: CANSIM, Special Tabulations
Figure 5 Market Share of Large Retailers - 2004
Large Retailers 93,298 27,931 1,899 559 4,653 7,535 4,061 1,623 2,659 2,707 5,737 2,899 4,152 1,842 1,950 1,646 1,455 1,124 437 2,411 2,501 13,518
Total Market 347,704 56,652 4,488 15,729 18,848 12,371 6,574 4,090 7,005 4,812 8,389 11,399 7,287 18,370 4,819 3,845 2,643 1,941 2,740 29,016 8,844 117,843
LR Share 26.8% 49.3% 42.3% 3.6% 24.7% 60.9% 61.8% 39.7% 38.0% 56.3% 68.4% 25.4% 57.0% 10.0% 40.5% 42.8% 55.0% 57.9% 15.9% 8.3% 28.3% 11.5%
This panel of large retailers has been defined by their relative dominance in market segments. In many commodity segments, these retail businesses occupy more than 50% of the total market. In other words, most other retail businesses are smaller players, serving narrower markets defined spatially, in specific
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commodities, or both. This definition of large retailers, essentially large chains, excludes significant banners, or franchise groups, such as certain automotive parts and grocery brands. 4
4.1
Retail Revenues, Stores and Margins

Sectors
The next chart (Figure 6) highlights the distribution of operating revenue by trade group for 2003. As noted above, stores in a specific sector or trade group occupy a major share of the commodity groups in which they specialize. However, many store formats in each trade group may also sell commodities traditionally associated with another trade group. Accordingly, the market share of the trade group shown in the next chart (Figure 6), does not match the market share of the commodities shown in Figure 3.
Operating Revenue by Trade Group - 2003
Department Stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 11.4% Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 2.6% Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 1.4% Clothing Stores 4.4% Gasoline Stations 9.0% Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 6.5% Miscellaneous Store Retailers 3.1% New Car Dealers 21.2% Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 4.4% Furniture stores 2.4%
Home Furnishings Stores 1.3%
Computer and Software Stores 0.7% Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 2.5% Home Centres and Hardware Stores 4.4% Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 3.6% Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 1.4%
Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 3.7%
Supermarkets 15.9%
Annual Retail Trade Survey
Figure 6 Operating Revenue by Trade Group 2003
The automotive and food sectors take in more than half the retail revenue by sector. After the food, automotive and general merchandise sectors, most retail sectors account for less than 5 per cent of total sales. This reflects both the degree of product specialization and relative demand for their products.
4.2 Stores
All stores are not the same. Important differences exist among warehouse club stores, small discount or general stores, or department stores. Yet, the requirements of statistical classification and the need to preserve confidentiality meant these sectors had to be combined for much of the subsequent analysis contained in this report.
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The amount of revenue generated in a specific location varies both with the physical store format, i.e., its size, and what it sells. The next figure (Figure 7) displays average revenue per location for Canada. As reported below in Figure 7, the clear winner in terms of revenue per location is probably a new car dealership. In 2003, the average location generated annual sales of $19 million. Supermarkets and General Merchandise stores come next. If it were possible to report results for large general stores and warehouse clubs separately from small general stores, large format stores in general merchandise might lead the pack, rather than car dealers. Store formats such as home furnishing specialist stores generated on average less than $700 thousand of revenue in 2003.
Operating Revenue Per Store by Trade Group New Car Dealers Used & Recr. Vehicle & Parts Furniture stores Home Furnishings Stores Computer and Software Stores Home Electronics & Appliance Home Centres and Hardware Stores Spec. Building Mat. & Garden Supermarkets Convenience & Spec. Food Stores Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Gasoline Stations Clothing Stores Shoe, Jewellery & Luggage Stores Sporting, Hobby, Book & Music General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Total Annual Retail Trade Survey 1,000 2,000 3,000
New Car Dealers - 19,171
4,000
5,000 2003
6,000
$(000) per store
Figure 7 Operating Revenue Per Store by Trade Group
Actual data underlying this chart are available in the statistical appendix. The data indicate several sectors have store formats with annual average revenue under $800,000, including: Home furnishing stores; Computer and software stores; Convenience and specialty food stores; Clothing stores; Shoe, jewellery and luggage stores; Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores; Miscellaneous store retailers.
This perspective is reinforced when viewed in terms of revenue per square foot in Figure 8 below. The data on revenue per square foot are developed for chain stores only, excluding automotive and gasoline
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stores. 5 The general pattern of results indicates a high ratio in the alcoholic beverage sector. This might be expected owing to the relatively high value of the product compared to the space required to display it. Data underlying this chart appear in Table 9 in the statistical appendix. High ratios for computer, home electronics and pharmacies reflect relative size and value of their products compared to the display space needed.
Sales Per Square Foot for Chain Stores in Canada
Revenue / Square Foot Furniture stores Home Furnishings Stores Computer and Software Stores Home Electronics & Appliance Stores Home Centres and Hardware Stores Spec. Building Mat. & Garden Stores Supermarkets Convenience & Spec. Food Stores Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Clothing Stores Shoe, Jewellery & Luggage Stores Sporting, Hobby, Book & Music Stores General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Total Annual Retail Trade Survey 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 $
2002 2003
Figure 8 Sales Per Square Foot For Chains
The relatively high value of sales per square foot for supermarkets probably reflects the extent of their turnover relative to the size of their stores. The prior chart showing sales per location (Figure 7) indicates their high turnover compared to other sectors. Retail stores can be classified into chain and non-chain stores. Chain stores are defined by Statistics Canada as groups of more than 3 stores with common ownership. Statistics Canada attempts to determine the extent of franchise activities in various sectors, but information is not uniformly, consistently reported. However, it is clear that the chain store format dominates many sectors by revenue. The next figure (Figure 9) shows the portion of sector revenue captured by the chain format.
Chain stores are explicitly defined by ownership of 4 or more locations. Chain store data will not include data on the franchise or banner stores and thus not provide a complete picture of results for the trade group.
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Operating Revenue by Trade Group and Store Type For 2003

0% New Car Dealers Used & Recr. Vehicle & Parts Furniture stores Home Furnishings Stores Computer and Software Stores Home Electronics & Appliance Home Centres and Hardware Stores Spec. Building Mat. & Garden Supermarkets Convenience & Spec. Food Stores Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Gasoline Stations Clothing Stores Shoe, Jewellery & Luggage Stores Sporting, Hobby, Book & Music General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Total Chains
Figure 9 Operating Revenue by Trade Group and Store Type
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Non Chains
Non-chain stores may be stores displaying common identity in a buying group, franchise or other organization. For example, in the chart above, formal chain penetration in the new car sector is shown to be minimal, but dealerships, though independently owned, are always tied closely to a particular automotive supplier. Similarly, some groups of building material stores may be independently owned but retail under a specific banner, with supplies purchased only from one wholesale group.
4.3 Margins
Margins present a different picture of store/sector performance than shown by simple revenue measures. Gross margin is the difference between the cost of goods sold, and the amount received for them. It is often referred to as the return on sales. This margin must cover all expenses of the business including labour costs, taxes, building maintenance and other expenses as well as profit. As discussed above, the margin is the actual production of the sector. The next figure (Figure 10) highlights the patterns of store gross margins for 2003. These vary significantly by sector, and do not follow the pattern of measures such as revenue per location. For example, although the new car sector had one of the highest ratios of revenue to location, it reported a gross margin rate of only 12.3% in 2003. This contrasts with the clothing sector. The average revenue per store was only $783,000 in 2003, but the sector produced margins equal to 44.6% of revenue. The margin rate for clothing is only slightly below that for the beer, wine and liquor sector.
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Gross Margin by Trade Group 0% New Car Dealers Used & Recr. Vehicle & Parts Furniture stores Home Furnishings Stores Computer and Software Stores Home Electronics & Appliance Home Centres and Hardware Stores Spec. Building Mat. & Garden Supermarkets Convenience & Spec. Food Stores Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Gasoline Stations Clothing Stores Shoe, Jewellery & Luggage Stores Sporting, Hobby, Book & Music General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Total Annual Retail Trade
Figure 10 Gross Margin by Trade Group
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
2003
Of course, profits, the residual after all input costs are paid, are really the target. It is not surprising that the most profitable sector, by far, is the alcoholic products distribution sector. Unlike sectors such as gasoline distribution, in this sector, many of the government monopolies manage the sector to achieve a high profit for the government, rather than simply to include significant taxes in the prices to extract government rents. Thus, the profit rate in the alcohol sector is almost three times the rate enjoyed by gasoline distribution, the next best performer in the profit sweepstakes. The next chart, Figure 11, showing profit margins by trade group for 2003, indicates that many trade groups are unable to achieve average profit rates exceeding 5 per cent. 6 Detail reported in the statistical appendix (Table 13) shows profit rates are higher for the chain form of retail organization than for the nonchain stores. Notably, the new auto sector has one of the lowest profit rates in retail, yet it accounts for a disproportionately large part of the aggregate sales volume. One of the issues for the automotive retail sector may be relatively high labour costs compared to other retail sectors. This will be demonstrated in subsequent sections on labour costs and compensation.
Profit rates reported here are before-tax operating profits. Such rates are the only ones available from the Annual Retail Trade Survey. After-tax profits are available only from taxation-based data sources. Resource limitations precluded their inclusion in this report. The rate is defined as operating revenue less operating expenses.
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Profit Margin Rate by Trade Group for Canada - 2003

Share of Operating Revenue
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% New Car Dealers Used & Recr. Vehicle & Parts Dealers Furniture stores Home Furnishings Stores Computer and Software Stores Home Electronics & Appliance Stores Home Centres and Hardware Stores Spec. Building Mat. & Garden Stores Supermarkets Convenience & Spec. Food Stores Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing Stores Shoe, Jewellery & Luggage Stores Sporting, Hobby, Book & Music Stores General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Total
Chains Non Chains
Figure 11 Profit Margin Rate by Trade Group
Looking regionally, profit margins are generally wider in Ontario than in other parts of the country. Notably, the supermarket sector enjoyed substantially higher profit rates in Ontario (7%) than in other parts of the country (4.2% on average), in 2003.
Profit Margin by Trade Group for 2003 Canada Average
New Car Dealers Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal Furniture stores Home Furnishings Stores Computer and Software Stores Home Electronics and Appliance Stores Home Centres and Hardware Stores Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores Supermarkets Convenience and Specialty Food Stores Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing Stores Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores Department Stores & Other General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Total Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey 1.5% 3.2% 5.6% 6.0% 1.5% 3.1% 9.9% 4.0% 4.2% 3.0% 31.9% 4.3% 11.6% 4.8% 6.4% 4.5% 4.7% 6.2% 5.7%
High Province Value

NT AB NB MB SK QC ON AB ON NU CA SK ON NS AB PE NU NS NU 2.7% 6.2% 6.6% 7.4% 3.7% 5.9% 13.1% 5.0% 7.0% 16.9% 31.9% 6.6% 13.9% 6.5% 7.1% 6.4% 16.1% 7.7% 13.5%
Low Province Value

NL MB NU NU NS SK PE NU NL AB AB PE YT NU NL NS BC NB NL -2.0% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% -3.0% 1.0% 0.9% 0.0% 0.4% 2.1% 3.4% 2.4% 2.8% 0.0% -0.4% 2.3% 3.3% 2.9% 4.2%
Figure 12 Regional Profit Margin by Trade Group - 2003
Stronger performance in Ontario is apparent after 2000. Generally, Ontario is at or near the top of the heap in profit comparisons. Yet, data below will show sales growth has not been stronger in Ontario than in
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other regions. Broadly speaking, retail sectors in the Atlantic Provinces appear to have the lowest profit margins. 5 Investment
The next figure (Figure 13) illustrates capital investment (including repair) by the retail sector and in structures related to retail. Retail expansion resulting in new stores, plazas and power centres has been readily apparent in many parts of the country. Retail-related construction activity, defined by construction of stores, plazas and power centres, increased in 2000 and continued afterward. Latest actual data for 2003 compared to 1998 show average growth in construction expenditure on stores, malls, etc. (8.4% per year) exceeded growth in all-sector capital spending (7.5% per year). The data shown for 2004 are preliminary actual estimates while those for 2005 represent estimates collected by Statistics Canada from the firms involved. When evaluating investment in the retail sector, it is important not to forget investment for rather than by the retail sector. Investment in stores, malls, etc. by other sectors, notably finance, is also significant. By 2003, the retail-owned share of total store construction had reached 59% compared to 50% in 1998. In other words, retailers were responsible for an increasing share of store construction. Retailers actually spend more money directly on machinery and equipment than actual stores. 7
Capital Investment Activity ($C millions) 2001 2002 2003 Total Retail 5,608.9 5,625.5 6,647.1 Retail - Structures 2,325.8 2,340.4 2,894.4 of which stores 1,878.2 1,811.1 2,320.6 Retail - M&E 3,283.1 3,285.1 3,752.7 Any Sector - Stores 3,281.8 3,074.3 3,947.7 Retail Share of Stores 57.2% 58.9% 58.8% Retail Investment/Total Economy 2.7% 2.6% 3.0%
Source: Private and Public Investment
2004 6,659.9 2,700.6 3,959.3
2005 6,774.9 2,792.0 3,982.9
2.7%
2.6%
Figure 13 Capital Investment Activity
In sectoral terms illustrated below in Figure 14, food distribution and automotive (vehicle sales and gasoline) accounted for about half of capital expenditures in 2003. The General Merchandise stores sector, including department stores, warehouse clubs and other general stores, was the third most significant sector.
We do not have data on retail-specific equipment purchased by store owners other than retailers.
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Capital Expenditures - 2003 Non-Store Retailers 4.4% Miscellaneous Store Retailers 3.2% General Merchandise Stores 14.0% Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music 3.0% Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers 7.1%
Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 4.9%
Electronics and Appliance Stores 4.8%
Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers 6.6%
Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores 7.4%
Gasoline Stations 11.5%
Food and Beverage Stores 30.0% Health and Personal Care Stores 3.1%
Source: Public and Private
Figure 14 Capital Expenditures 2003
Details supporting this figure are found in Table 19 of the statistical appendix. In 2003, capital investment in structures and machinery by the retail sector approached $6.7 billion. Of this total, food and beverages accounted for almost $2 billion. Investment by the next most significant sector, general merchandise, totalled just under $1 billion. The next chart (Figure 15) highlights the relative shares of capital (new) investment and repair by major sector in retail trade in 2003. The addition of repair investment adds roughly another $1 billion to expenditure on structures and equipment by the retail sector in 2003. One important point to note is that machinery and equipment investment is more significant than investment in retail-owned structures (construction) for most sectors. Food and beverage and furniture stores are the only sectors for which M&E does not exceed structural activity.
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Capital And Repair Investment in Retail - 2003

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Retail Trade Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores Electronics and Appliance Stores Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers Food and Beverage Stores Health and Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Non-Store Retailers
100 %
Private and Public Investment
Structures- Capital
Structures Repair
M&E Capital
M&E Repair
Figure 15 Capital and Repair Investment 2003
Labour Costs
Labour is the most significant single input in the retail service sector. It is the key input to the distribution process. Generally speaking, labour costs represent between 50% and 60% of total expenses in most retail sectors, or consume between 10% and 17% of operating revenue. Analysis of the data indicates general stability in these proportional relationships for individual sectors over time. However, for the period available (1999-2003) (Table 22), there have been modest increases in the labour cost weight in sectors such as computer stores and home electronics. The next chart (Figure 16) shows labour costs for 2003 relative to total operating revenue. In this presentation, labour costs include wages and salaries of employees as well as the employer portion of employee benefits. Health and education payroll taxes are not included. The automotive-related sectors, auto sales and gasoline distribution, are noted for the relatively low role played by labour costs in relation to their total sales. Supermarkets are at the lower end of the distribution of labour shares, reflecting the somewhat more volume-oriented distribution model. The very low share for the alcoholic beverage distribution sector is attributable to the very high margins associated with administered prices in the sector.
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Labour Costs as a Share of Operating Revenue by Trade Group - 2003 % of Operating Revenue New Car Dealers Used & Recr. Vehicle & Parts Dealers Furniture stores Home Furnishings Stores Computer and Software Stores Home Electronics & Appliance Stores Home Centres and Hardware Stores Spec. Building Mat. & Garden Stores Supermarkets Convenience & Spec. Food Stores Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing Stores Shoe, Jewellery & Luggage Stores Sporting, Hobby, Book & Music Stores General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Total
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 18.0% 20.0%
Figure 16 Labour Costs as a Share of Operating Revenue
Over time (Figure 17), the general share of labour costs relative to operating expenses in the retail sector has remained relatively consistent.
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Labour Costs as a share of Operating Expenses by Trade Group

0% New Car Dealers Used & Recr. Vehicle & Parts Dealers Furniture stores Home Furnishings Stores Computer and Software Stores Home Electronics & Appliance Stores Home Centres and Hardware Stores Spec. Building Mat. & Garden Stores Supermarkets Convenience & Spec. Food Stores Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing Stores Shoe, Jewellery & Luggage Stores Sporting, Hobby, Book & Music Stores General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Total Annual Retail Trade 1999 2001 2003 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Figure 17 Labour costs as a share of Operating Expenses
Modest changes up and down are likely attributable to firm or chain specific factors rather than broad industry trends. 7 The Drivers of Retail Trade
The literature on factors impacting consumer spending is one of the deepest troves of analysis in the field of economics. Much of this analysis has developed around a model of consumption decisions made in a household context, strongly influenced by factors such as disposable income, interest rates, relative prices and expectations about changes in such factors. The next chart (Figure 18) highlights the broad relationship between income and retail sales, tracking the average annual growth rate of sales and income over the period 1999-2004.
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Growth Rates of Retail Sales and Income 1999-2004

Per Capita Average Annual GR CAN NF PE NS NB QC ON MB SK AB BC YK NT NU 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% Disposable Income Retail Sales
Provincial Income and Expenditure Accounts, Table 18, May 2005
Figure 18 Growth Rates of Sales and Income
Generally, regions with above average growth in income display a similar pattern for retail sales. However, the detailed underlying influences are more complex than simply income. The demographic structure of the economy strongly influences the character of household expenditure. Consumption patterns are expected to be different for older persons than younger ones, not just because of taste, but owing to the impact of changing needs (life cycle) and past expenditure history. For example, households with older persons may often be considering replacement purchases of durables, rather than initial purchases. Households with a younger household head might possibly have children, emphasizing other differences in the structure and frequency of purchases. The Survey of Household Spending (SHS) summarizes the complete income and outlay patterns of Canadian households. For this analysis, the data for respondents has been categorized into quintiles by income. Simply put, the data for the households was ranked by income and divided into 5 equal-sized groups, or quintiles. There are strong relationships between income and household structure. The next chart (Figure 19) exhibits some of the key demographic values for SHS 2003.
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Selected Houshold Statistics by Income Quintile

100% 90% 80% Share of Households 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 1.00 20% 10% 0% All LowestSecond Third Fourth Highest 0.50 0.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 Persons Per Household 3.00 Couple households Lone-parent households With no full-time earner With husband employed full time Household size 4.00 3.50
Survey of Household Spending in 2003
Figure 19 Selected Household Statistics by Income Quintile - 2003
The solid line plotted on the right axis shows the number of persons in each household by quintile (20% of the sample, ordered by income). The left-most point is the all-households average. The bars plotted on the left axis sets out the portions of each group having a specific demographic characteristic. Households at the lower end of the spectrum are likely to look much different from those at the upper end. Household size rises with income. Probability of children increases with income. Lowest income households are dominantly comprised of single earners, perhaps seniors. More than half of households in the top quintile have two or more full-time wage earners.
Additional demographic details are presented in Table 26 of the statistical appendix. The next chart (Figure 20) summarizes some key relations from the 2003 SHS. Two comparisons are illustrated. The top bar in the chart shows the values for key spending characteristics as a ratio between the highest and lowest quintiles. The second bar indicates the ratio of the values for the top quintile and the average for all households.
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Relationships in Household Spending - 2003

Ratio
0 Household income before tax Retail Related Expenditure Food purchased from stores Household cleaning supplies Household furnishings Household appliances Women's and Girls' wear (4 years and over) Men's and Boys' wear (4 years and over) Purchase of automobiles and trucks Gasoline and other fuels Personal care supplies and equipment Recreation equipment and associated services Home entertainment equipment and services Reading materials and other printed matter
10
12
Top Quintile / Bottom
Top / Average
Figure 20 Relationships in Household Spending - 2003
The chart demonstrates households in the top quintile enjoy income more than 8 times higher than the bottom group. However, the top group spends only slightly more than twice as much on food from stores. This is approximately similar to the difference in household size. A similar relationship exists for household cleaning supplies. Obviously, not all households buy all products. The average household spends more than $5,000 per year on food but less than $400 on household appliances. The low value for appliances is attributable to the fact that everyone buys food but only a few households replace their appliances each year. Every household buys food. Statistically, this means that the incidence of food expenditure by households is more or less 100 per cent. However, food expenditure does not rise proportionately with income. Average household expenditure for a broad range of goods and services is shown in a table in the appendix. Not all households buy a car every year. In other words, the incidence of household expenditure on capital items is relatively low. However, it rises with income. The relative average value of expenditure on cars exceeds the similar ratio for household income. However, for most categories, the relationships between the top and bottom for expenditure are not as high as the relationship for income. Details of expenditure incidence are also provided for selected categories in the appendix. Generally, as income rises, households are more likely to spend money on a specific category. The next chart (Figure 21) deals with the incidence of expenditure for three categories: household furnishings, prescription medicine and entertainment electronics such as TVs. Presumably because of the availability of health insurance and because you do not get a prescription unless you need it, the incidence of buying drugs is not strongly tied to income. This contrasts with the other two categories that exhibit the expected relationship.
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Incidence of Purchases of Selected Goods in 2003 by Income Quintile

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% All Lowest Second
Quintile
Household furnishings Prescription Medicine Televisions, VCRs, camcorders and other television/video components
Third
Fourth
Highest
Figure 21 Incidence of Purchases
Because of its capital nature, not everyone buys a TV every year, the incidence for purchasing such equipment being much lower than that for some other household goods. Retail spending naturally rises with income, but it doesnt rise as quickly. As a result, the lower-income quintiles spend a larger proportion of their income on retail goods than do the higher-income quartiles. This can be seen in Figure 22. Expenditure data used in this figure are created by aggregating purchases of retail commodities, essentially goods, for each quintile. The data are presented relative to several key measures: Current expenditure approximately purchases of goods and services; Total expenditure including tax payments and asset accumulation, almost income disposition, and Income.
Note first that total expenditure as a share of income falls from the lower quintile to the upper quintile. This is because, as income rises, more of it is devoted to saving. Next, note that retail spending as a share of total expenditure also declines with income. This reflects the fact that spending on services as opposed to spending on retail goods rises with income. Thus, retail spending not only fails to keep pace with income but falls as a share of overall spending, as income rises. At the lower quintile, this effect is compounded because many low-income households are headed by retirees who are drawing down some of their lifetime savings and so spending in excess of income.
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Selected Houshold Expenditure Statistics by Income Quintile in 2003

50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% All Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest Survey of Household Spending in 2003 Retail Related Share of Current Exp. Retail Related Share of Total Exp. Retail Related Share of Income Shares
Figure 22 Household Statistics by Income Quintile
Retail-related expenditure is roughly proportionate to current expenditure for most of the upper quintiles but falls in relation to income because more affluent households devote an increasing share of income to savings and other asset purchases. Current expenditure, spending on goods and services excluding renovations, exceeds household income in the bottom quintile because this group contains many seniors and others who are spending their capital to finance their shelter requirements. This is shown in Table 26, in the statistical appendix, by the negative asset changes for the lower quintiles. Only the upper quintile is able to accumulate significant assets. Total expenditure includes tax payments and asset accumulation and hence approximates income. Essentially, this analysis shows that retail services support a bigger portion of the spending activities of lower-income households than of higher-income ones. Home renovation activity is a very specific household purchase and is considered an investment under the SHS classification. Only 38 per cent of households in the bottom quintile were likely to own their own homes in 2003. In contrast, 93% of households in the top group owned their own dwellings. As might be expected, the next chart shows both the incidence of expenditure and the average expenditure rise with income, slightly more than proportionately.
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Home Renovation by Income Quintile in 2003

40.0% 3500
35.0%
3000
30.0% 2500 25.0% Incidence 2000 20.0% 1500 15.0% 1000 10.0% 500 Survey of Household Spending in 2003 Average Expenditure
Additions, renovations and alterations: contract, labour and material cost Incidence
5.0%
0.0% All Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest
Figure 23 Home Renovation by Income Quintile
Incidence is plotted as a line on the left axis. The first data point represents the average for all households, showing almost 23% of households spent money on improvements to their homes. However, the average expenditure, plotted on the right axis, was only slightly more than $1,300. The lowest quintile spent on average roughly $340 per year with a very low incidence of only 8.2%. This can be interpreted to mean average expenditure among the 8.2% of households in the lower quintile who actually carried out renovations was over $4100. 8 Similarly, at the high end, where only 37.8% of households reported renovation expenditure, the average expenditure of reporting households was actually slightly more than $8,000 per household. Note that the top group spent only slightly more than twice the outlay made by the lowest group, despite receiving 8 times the income. The statistical appendix contains data for selected categories of expenditure showing average (Table 30) and median (Table 31) household expenditures. The distribution of household expenditure is slightly skewed for most categories. The median expenditure is slightly lower than the average for most expenditure categories. One exception is renovation activity for which the gap between median and average is more significant. At the top end of the income spectrum, median reported expenditure was $3,400 but average reported expenditure was slightly more than $8,000. Essentially, this means more than half the households in the top bracket who did any renovations spent less than half the average amount for all those in the class who undertook such expenditures.
This is calculated by dividing $340 by .082.

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Products from All Over the World One of the principal functions of the retail sector is to provide Canadians with access to the broadest possible palette of goods from all over the world. Increasingly, gains from trade and specialization have led to greater import penetration in the consumer sector. One of the standard economic concepts is the apparent domestic market. This is essentially an estimate of the total sales or disappearance of a particular product or service within the domestic economy. The apparent domestic market is defined as: Production less exports plus imports = Apparent Domestic Market (ADM)
Estimates of the domestic market for specific industries are developed by Statistics Canada and Industry Canada using trade and production data. Production, exports and imports by commodity are attributed to the industry generally associated with their production. The domestic market is derived from the identity shown above. 9 The next chart (Figure 24) sets out the share of imports in the domestic market for products in specific manufacturing sectors.
Import Shares for Key Retail-Type Manufacturing Domestic Market Share of Domestic Market 100 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% % Textile Furnishings Mills Clothing Knitting Mills Cut and Sew Clothing Manuf. Clothing Accessories and Other Clothing Manuf. Footwear Manuf. Other Leather and Allied Product Manuf. Household Appliance Manuf. Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet Manuf. Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manuf. Other Furniture-Related Product Manuf. Statistics Canada, Strategis 2003 2000
Figure 24 Import Shares of Domestic Market
The statistical message is that import shares are significant for many sectors that produce goods sold by retailers. This chart highlights the challenges facing retailers in managing a very long supply chain
9
Necessarily, because of the impact of factors such as alternative sources of production (joint production in other sectors) and inventory movements, the identity is only an estimate. Thus, for very specific sectors, it is possible to develop anomalous estimates of the domestic market, such that the import share exceeds 100 per cent.
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from the local store back to the supplier. Slightly more detail is provided in the statistical appendix. The statistical tables confirm that in certain categories, such as home electronics, imported product essentially dominates the market completely. The next chart (Figure 25) portrays the challenges even more graphically by demonstrating the growing importance of China as a supplier of retail goods. Generally, Chinese suppliers have been assuming greater importance in most retail-related market segments. In the selected categories, Chinas share of imports climbed 8-10 percentage points in the period 2000 to 2004.
Chinese Share of Imports For Selected Sectors
0% Textile Furnishings Mills Clothing Knitting Mills Cut and Sew Clothing Manuf. Clothing Accessories and Other Clothing Manuf. Footwear Manuf. Other Leather and Allied Product Manuf. Household Appliance Manuf. Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet Manuf. Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manuf. Other Furniture-Related Product Manuf. Statistics Canada, Strategis 2000 2004 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Figure 25 Chinese Share of Retail-related Imports
Additional detail is available in the appendix.
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Chapter
Recent Trends
Retail Trends
A discussion of recent growth patterns in Retail
1 Introduction
This section of the report focuses on recent trends. Where appropriate, the analysis highlights recent trends using monthly or quarterly surveys to obtain the most recent perspective. In Canada, retail has clearly been on a growth path for the past several years. This rapid expansion has been driven by strong growth in urban development and household formation as well as a continued expansion of consumer demand. 2 Locations
As discussed above, retail focuses on location. In fact, having the right store in the right location is the key to retail success. Retail locations mirror population. Population centres, urban, suburban or rural, are supported by the existence of retail. The next chart (Figure 26) highlights recent aggregate growth in retail locations.
Store Counts for Canada
250,000
200,000
Stores
150,000 Non Chains Chains
100,000
50,000
Non Chains Chains
1999 144,463 40,091
2000 149,722 42,134
2001 152,968 40,765
2002 159,155 41,681
2003 158,454 41,498 Annual Retail Store
Figure 26 Store Counts for Canada

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The strongest growth occurs in the non-chain sector, averaging 1.9% per year from 1999 through 2003. This compares to an average growth rate of only 0.9% per year for the formally defined chain component. It is important to recognize that the concept of non-chain means simply that units are defined as separate businesses by ownership. Many non-chain locations are franchises or tied to buying groups or banner programs with tied suppliers or other forms of business arrangement. Statistics Canada attempts to determine whether stores are occupied by franchisees. However, results from questions posed have proven somewhat unreliable over time. The statistical appendix includes a table with the available detail. However, the trends should be evaluated with caution. Data indicate franchise ownership has declined rather quickly. However, an apparent shift has occurred to the unclassified category that declined to answer the relevant questions. The next chart (Figure 27) presents the same data by region in Canada. Excluding the northern territories, Ontario has enjoyed the strongest proportionate growth followed by Alberta and British Columbia.
Average Annual Percentage Change in Store Counts 1999-2003
5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% -1.0% -2.0% CAN NL PE NS NB QC ON MB SK AB BC YK NW NU Annual Retail Trade Survey
Figure 27 Growth in Store Counts by Province 1999-2003
Ontario, the province with the largest retail sector, led the pack with an average annual growth rate of 3.2%, well above the national average of roughly 2%. Ontario accounted for almost 8,900 locations or 57.6% of the total increase since 1999. Alberta and B.C. are only slightly behind in proportionate terms at 2.9% and 2.8% per year respectively over the period. However, together, the two provinces added only slightly more than 5,000 locations in this timeframe. In per capita terms, Ontario added slightly more stores than Alberta, but fewer than B.C. The next chart (Figure 28) shows the average growth rate in the number of store locations from 1999 through 2003. The number of locations in the various trade group categories generally expanded over the period. The major exception is the sporting and hobby category. The significant expansion in home
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furnishing stores, as well as speciality building materials stores, highlights importance of housing-related expenditure to the retail sector.
Growth in Locations By Trade Group - 1999-2003
Avg. Annual Growth Rate -1% New Car Dealers Used & Recr. Vehicle & Parts Dealers Furniture stores Home Furnishings Stores Computer and Software Stores Home Electronics & Appliance Stores Home Centres and Hardware Stores Spec. Building Mat. & Garden Stores Supermarkets Convenience & Spec. Food Stores Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing Stores Shoe, Jewellery & Luggage Stores Sporting, Hobby, Book & Music Stores General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Total 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
Annual Retail Store Survey
Figure 28 Growth in Locations by Trade Group - 1999-2003
Limited expansion in clothing locations as well as gas stations probably indicates saturation in those categories and possibly some consolidation forced by increased competition. Earlier, charts indicated clothing was not a particularly high profit sector, which may also explain some of the apparently weak growth. As noted above, there as been substantially faster expansion in non-chain locations than in chain locations. The Annual Retail Trade Survey provides small-area location data for the chain-store format. The next table (Figure 29) shows the largest urban markets.
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Top 15 Markets by Chain Locations by Size Market 2001 2003 %Growth Toronto 5445 5549 1.0% Montreal 4429 4569 1.6% Vancouver 2639 2663 0.5% Edmonton 1647 1691 1.3% Calgary 1614 1636 0.7% Quebec 1308 1316 0.3% Ottawa (without Gatineau) 1261 1292 1.2% Winnipeg 1030 1038 0.4% Hamilton 947 954 0.4% London 729 725 -0.3% Halifax 680 719 2.8% St. Catharines - Niagara 643 627 -1.3% Kitchener 587 631 3.7% Victoria 526 521 -0.5% Windsor 399 419 2.5%
Source: Annual Retail Store Survey
Figure 29 Top 15 Markets by Chain Locations
As would be expected, the absolute increase in number of chain locations rises with the size of the market. However, growth rates do not necessarily vary with market size. Proportionately, growth in Vancouver and Quebec City lagged noticeably behind the national average of 0.9% in chain location growth over the period 2001-03. In contrast, Halifax, Kitchener and Windsor substantially exceeded the average. Ranking markets by proportionate growth rather than size brings another perspective to the analysis. The next figure indicates growth that was substantially above average in certain smaller urban markets.
Fastest Growing Urban Markets Chain Locations 2001 2003 %Growth Abbotsford 178 192 3.9% Kitchener 587 631 3.7% Halifax 680 719 2.8% Windsor 399 419 2.5% Saint John 193 202 2.3% St. John's 326 341 2.3% Saskatoon 398 414 2.0% Montreal 4429 4569 1.6% Edmonton 1647 1691 1.3% Ottawa (without Gatineau) 1261 1292 1.2% Toronto 5445 5549 1.0% Calgary 1614 1636 0.7% Sherbrooke 273 276 0.5% Vancouver 2639 2663 0.5% Winnipeg 1030 1038 0.4%
Figure 30 Fastest Growing Urban Markets
Though numbers of locations were small, growth would be significant in these locations. The important message is that retail is a critical element in the urban landscape everywhere.
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Retail GDP
One way to evaluate performance of a sector is to look at its share of economic income produced. Economists define Gross Domestic Product as the value-added or the payments to the domestic factors of production for producing their output. This measure represents the contribution of each industry to the total value of production in the Canadian economy. The figure below (Figure 31) provides some summary statistics based on industry GDP. Although the Retail sector produced only 5.7% of value-added, its growth rate still exceeds the national average and was substantially above that for other key sectors. This indicates retail is increasing its contribution to the economy.
Industry Gross Domestic Product at Basic Prices Growth Rate $ constant 1997 (millions) 2000 2004 All industries 946,026 1,048,742 2.6% Manufacturing 179,564 181,254 0.2% Transportation and warehousing 45,765 50,230 2.4% Information and cultural industries 36,356 42,974 4.3% Wholesale trade 53,696 66,512 5.5% 50,291 59,971 4.5% Retail trade Finance and insurance, real estate and renting and leasing and management of companies and enterprises 181,064 209,916 3.8% Professional, scientific and technical services 41,462 46,620 3.0% Source: Statistics Canada, IMAD, July 2005
Figure 31 Industry Gross Domestic Product
Share of Total 100.0% 17.3% 4.8% 4.1% 6.3% 5.7%
20.0% 4.4%
Retail Sales
Retail sales are climbing. The many factors underpinning retail growth include growth in markets brought about by increased population, rising incomes and the formation of new households. Evaluated in sector terms, the strong sales growth in sectors such as home furnishings and home centres suggests household formation and home improvement may be key factors underlying some of this growth. The next chart (Figure 32) depicts sales growth by trade groups using the Monthly Retail Trade Survey. The monthly data paint a picture through 2004. The pattern is generally consistent with the annual data presented elsewhere in this report. 10 Data underlying the chart are available in Table 40 of the statistical appendix.
10
Data levels will not exactly match because of differences in survey design.
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Average Annual Growth Rates of Retail Sales 2000-04 -10% All retail trade groups Total excluding vehicles and parts New car dealers Used and rec. motor veh. and parts dealers Gasoline stations Furniture stores Home furnishings stores Computer and software stores Home electronics and appliance stores Home centres and hardware stores Spec. building mat. and garden stores Supermarkets Convenience and specialty food stores Beer, wine and liquor stores Pharmacies and personal care stores Clothing stores Shoe, clothing acc. and jewellery stores Department stores Other general merchandise stores Sporting goods, hobby, music and book stores Miscellaneous store retailers Monthly Retail Trade Survey Annual Growth Rate 2000-2004 -5% 0% 5% 10% 15%
Figure 32 Average Annual Growth Rates of Retail Sales by Trade Group
In aggregate terms, sales in the home centres trade group are more than 10 times larger than those in the computer and software stores speciality group. Hence, home centre growth is a much bigger story in the broad economic picture than the low growth experienced in the computer sector. On the other hand, sales in the new car sector are 4 times larger than those in the home centre group. Thus, weak growth in auto retailing has proved a significant drag on statistics for the broader retail sector. Note that these data are reported in nominal terms. Price deflation is a common story for computers but not for other retail trade groups. The next chart (Figure 33) translates sales in per capita terms to evaluate sector performance by province. The chart indicates above average performance in Quebec, Newfoundland and Western Canada, and below average in Ontario.
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Per Capita Retail Sales - Average Annual Growth 2000-04 0.0% CAN NL PE NS NB QU ON MB SK AB BC YK NT NU Monthly Retail Sales 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0%
Figure 33 Per Capita Retail Sales by Province
The next chart (Figure 34) shows growth in key commodity categories carried by a panel of large retailers. The strong growth in dwelling-related items such as appliances is noteworthy.
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Sales Of Commodities By Large Retailers - Avg. Annual Growth Rate 2000-04

0% Total commodities Food Non-alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages Drugs & other health Women's clothing and accessories Men's clothing and accessories Footwear Indoor furniture Household appliances Home elect., computers and cameras Home furnishings Housewares Hardware and home renovation products Lawn and garden prod., equip. and plants Sporting goods Toys, games and hobby supplies Pre-record.CDs, DVDs, and video and audio tapes Books, newspapers etc. Automotive fuels, oils and additives Tobacco products and supplies 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
Large Retail Commodity Survey
Figure 34 Sales of Commodities by Large Retailers
Note especially weak performance in the clothing sector. Retailers with a strong clothing focus have faced major challenges in recent years. In contrast, stores catering to dwelling-related purchases, such as furnishings and appliances, have enjoyed relatively rosier conditions. 5 Employment Growth
Expanded employment has kept pace with growth in locations. Since 2,000, employment in the retail sector has increased by an annual average of 165,000 in 2004. This means that retail has contributed 165,000 net new jobs to the Canadian economy in 2004 relative to 2000. This expansion in employment mirrors strong growth seen above at locations in Ontario and Western Canada. Net retail employment gains in Quebec actually exceed those in Ontario. Data appear in Table 43 and Table 44. The next chart compares proportionate employment growth in the manufacturing and retail sectors for Canada and the provinces covered by the Labour Force Survey. Quebec shows strong gains. New Brunswick experienced modest declines in retail sector employment and a small increase among manufacturing industries. Retail outpaced manufacturing in all other parts of the country.
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Average Annual Growth Rate For Employment 2000 - 2004

Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia
Manufacturing Retail
-1.0% Labour Force
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
Avg. Annual Growth Rate
Figure 35 Employment Growth 2000-04
Actual gains are shown in the next chart (Figure 36) by province.
Net Employment Gains 2000 - 2004
Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia
Manufacturing Retail
-10 Labour Force
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Employment Increase (000)
Figure 36 Net Employment Gains 2000-04

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Employment growth in recent years has been relatively solid compared to modest gains earlier in the 1990s. Bulk of these gains occurs in full-time jobs. The next chart (Figure 37) shows more new jobs were occupied by female than male workers, but males still make up slightly more than half the full-time retail work force.
Retail Employment
2500
2000
1500
1000
Female-PT Female-FT Male-PT Male-FT
(000) 500 0 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Labour Force Survey
Figure 37 Retail Employment 1987-2004
One of the more interesting issues is the role of self-employment in retail. The next chart (Figure 38) distinguishes workers by class of employment, isolating self-employment. The latter has been aggregated into two classes -- self-employed workers with paid help, and others. The latter group includes sole proprietors of small retail businesses and those in the home without employees. The chart also highlights the strong growth in full-time employment.
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Retail Employment by Class of Worker

2500
2000
1500 (000) 1000 500 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Full-Time Employees Self-Employed with Paid Help Part-Time Employees Other Self-Employed
Source: LFS Special Tabulation
Figure 38 Retail Employment by Class of Worker
The next chart (Figure 39) focuses solely on employees to summarize recent growth in employment by sector.
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Employed Workers in Retail

Average Annual Growth Rate 2000-04 0% Total Retail Employed A-Automotive B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores D-Food And Beverage Stores E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores F-Clothing And Accessories G-General Merchandise Stores H-Miscellaneous Retailers L-Non-Store Retailers Labour Force Survey Employed Full-Time 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8%
Figure 39 Employed Workers in Retail
Among employees, part-time employment has expanded more rapidly in recent years, but a larger base resulted in creation of more full-time jobs. Strong expansion in non-store retailing bears mention. Retail provides many job opportunities through turnover in part-time as well as full-time components of its labour force. The next chart (Figure 40) breaks down by sector the number of persons who started a job with a new retail employer in an average quarter for two separate years.
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Recent Retail Employees

(000) 0 A-Automotive B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores D-Food And Beverage Stores E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores F-Clothing And Accessories G-General Merchandise Stores H-Miscellaneous Retailers L-Non-Store Retailers Labour Force 2001 2004 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Figure 40 Recent Retail Employees by Sector
Relatively high turnover in the food and beverage sector probably reflects strong emphasis on student and part-time employment. Reference to the data table (Table 54) in the statistical appendix indicates that on average at least 160,000 persons found jobs with new employers in the retail sector during any quarter in the period 2001 through 2004. This equals 9 to 10 per cent of the employed retail labour force in most provinces. Details by province are shown in Table 57 of the statistical appendix. 11 The final chart (Figure 41) in this chapter focuses on relative compensation. The Survey of Employment, Payroll and Hours (SEPH) supplies payroll data. The survey provides data separately on hourly-rated and other employees. The wage rate excludes benefits. The chart shows actual wage rates as bars plotted against the left axis. The ratio of the retail wage rate to the broad SEPH industrial aggregate is plotted as a line against the right axis. Though continually below the industrial average, the chart shows the wage gap between retail employees and other industrial workers has narrowed significantly in recent years.
The marginally higher rate of new hires in Prince Edward Island is possibly indicative of a smaller survey sample and a smaller market rather than any significant difference in the retail labour market.
11
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Hourly Wages for Hourly-Rated Employees

16.00 84.0%
14.00 82.0% 12.00 80.0% 10.00 $/hour Ratio to Ind. Aggregate
8.00
78.0%
6.00 76.0% 4.00 74.0% 2.00
0.00 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: SEPH 44-45 Retail Trade Ratio
72.0%
Figure 41 Hourly Wages
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Chapter
Work Force
Retails Labour Force

A discussion of the structure and characteristics of the Retail Labour Force
1 Introduction
The staff members of a store are one of the most visible attributes of the retail experience for consumers. From the stores perspective, labour costs are one of the most important input costs, receiving significant management attention. Quality and depth of the labour force are essential factors in the quality of retail output. In this section, we will examine key attributes of this workforce and identify potential issues. 2 Employment Structure
The next chart (Figure 42) sets out composition of the retail labour force by broad 3-digit NAICS sector. As might be expected, the food and beverage and general merchandising sectors are the largest employers in retail trade, based on data compiled in the 2001 Census.
Sectoral Composition of Retail Employment 2001
453 Miscellaneous store retailers 7.5% 452 General merchandise stores 13.0% 454 Non-store retailers 3.6% 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 9.5% 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 3.7%
443 Electronics and appliance stores 4.0% 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 5.9%
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 4.7%
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 10.9% 447 Gasoline stations 4.4% 446 Health and personal care stores 7.8%
445 Food and beverage stores 24.9%
Source: Census
Figure 42 Retail Employment 2001

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The former sector, food, accounted for roughly 24% of employment in 2001. It is almost twice as large as general merchandise, including department stores, wholesale clubs and small general stores, which accounted for 13% of employment. Clothing and motor vehicle retailing are the next most significant sectors at 11% and 9% respectively. Yet, motor vehicle retailing is one of the largest sectors in terms of contribution to total retail sales. There are a number of statistical definitions for the size of a business unit. One distinction is the enterprise, the financial entity. Another is the location or workplace, the place at which activity occurs. Retail enterprises may have several locations. Formal definitions of these concepts are provided in Appendix A. The next chart (Figure 43), using SEPH data for 2004, deals with the distribution of retail employees by size of enterprise. This data source is based on payroll records and administrative tax filings from firms. Self-employed workers in the retail sector are excluded. The chart indicates a large proportion of retail employees (42%) work in enterprises with 500 or more employees. This reflects the importance of chain employment in the retail sector. It should be emphasized that this chart excludes small establishments without paid employees, common in some segments of retailing such as gift shops and small convenience stores.
Retail Employment by Size of Enterprise
2004
0-4 Emp. 7%
5-19 Emp. 18% 500 + Emp. 42%
20-49 Emp. 13%
300-499 Emp. 2% 100-299 Emp. 8%
50-99 Emp. 10% Source: SEPH
Figure 43 Retail Employment by Size of Enterprise
The next chart (Figure 44), based on the Workplace and Employee Survey (WES), shows employees by workplace size for 2001. Evaluating distribution of employment by workplace size offers a much different picture, with very few retail workplaces numbering more than 500 employees. This contrasts with other sectors such as manufacturing and hospitals having significant numbers of employees in a single workplace. Because it is not possible to show detailed sectors in the WES survey, two retail definitions are presented. The first is the standard total retail sector. The second excludes supermarkets that have a very specific retail production function, large locations, many part-time employees and which are somewhat
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dissimilar from other store types. This difference results in increased emphasis on smaller workplace sizes in the sample without supermarkets.
Employees by Workplace Size
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Total Retail Retail Excl. Grocery All WES Sectors Source: WES 500 employees or more 100-499 employees 20-99 employees 1-19 employees
Figure 44 Employees by Workplace Size
The retail labour force is dominantly composed of employees rather than self-employed workers. The next chart (Figure 45) compares the aggregate labour force and detailed sectors by class of worker, employed or self-employed. The share of self-employment ranged from an industry average of slightly more than 9% to a high of almost 27% in non-store retailing and 21% in miscellaneous retailing. The latter includes small gift and hobby stores that might have only self-employed owners and possibly one or two employees. This compares to an all-sector average of slightly more than 12% for self-employment.
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Retail Employment by Class of Worker - 2001

Share
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Total - All Ind. 44-45 Retail trade 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 442 Furniture and home furnish. stores 443 Electronics and appliance stores 444 Building mat.and garden equip. and supplies dealers 445 Food and beverage stores 446 Health and personal care stores 447 Gasoline stations 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 452 General merchandise stores 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 454 Non-store retailers
Source: Census 2001
Employees
Self-employed (incorporated)
Self-employed (unincorporated)
Figure 45 Retail Employment Structure 2001
Self employment with paid workers is significant for automotive, furniture, and miscellaneous retailing, indicating sole proprietor businesses including franchises in these sectors. The next chart (Figure 46) portrays gains in employment realized by employees. The chart indicates gains are particularly significant in the full-time labour category. These have been particularly strong in the period since 2001. In contrast, self-employment remains stagnant. In fact, the category without paid help has actually registered declines. Detail set out in the statistical appendix indicates declines are especially evident among self-employed workers without paid help in unincorporated businesses. This likely reflects decline in home-based, or hobby, retailing.
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Retail Employment by Class of Worker

2500
2000
1500 (000) 1000 500 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Full-Time Employees Self-Employed with Paid Help Part-Time Employees Other Self-Employed
Figure 46 Retail Employment by Class of Worker
The next chart (Figure 47) depicts the structure of retail employment in 2004 using the Retail Special Aggregation of sectors. 12 Because estimates are too small to show, the chart excludes the LFS category of unpaid family workers. The estimate for this category is only 3,000 for total retail. The category other self-employed essentially groups self-employed entrepreneurs without paid help. As noted above, this category of employment is associated particularly with the miscellaneous store category, and with nonstore retailing.
12
See Appendix A.
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Structure of Retail Employment - 2004

0% Total Retail A-Automotive B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores D-Food And Beverage Stores E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores F-Clothing And Accessories G-General Merchandise Stores H-Miscellaneous Retailers L-Non-store Retailers
Full-time Empl. Self-Emp. With Paid Part-Time Employ Other Self-Employed
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Figure 47 Structure of Retail Employment 2004
The prevalence of part-time employment in the retail sector is well known, though not as significant might be assumed. The chart above (Figure 47) shows full-time workers account for at least 50% employment in most retail sectors. Because of extended hours, retailers can employ persons wishing work only a portion of the day and during non-standard hours. This provides flexible employment students, older workers, women, single parents or others who may not want full-time employment. The next tabulation (Figure 48) is based on Census data. It covers part-time employment by sector.
as of to to
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Weekly Hours Worked Less than 30 hours (part time) Share 18.1% 31.0% 8.7% 18.8% 16.0% 19.0% 39.5% 30.9% 36.1% 37.5% 36.9% 35.2% 30.2% 34.7%
Total All industries 44-45 Retail trade 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 443 Electronics and appliance stores 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 445 Food and beverage stores 446 Health and personal care stores 447 Gasoline stations 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 452 General merchandise stores 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 454 Non-store retailers
Source: 2001 Census
Persons with hours worked (000) 14104 1599 155 59 65 97 398 127 69 172 74 207 120 57
1-19 hours Share 9.7% 16.5% 5.0% 10.2% 8.5% 9.6% 20.7% 16.1% 20.4% 21.2% 21.6% 15.5% 16.6% 23.9%
20-29 hours Share 8.4% 14.5% 3.7% 8.5% 7.5% 9.3% 18.8% 14.7% 15.7% 16.2% 15.3% 19.6% 13.6% 10.8%
Average hours worked 38.7 34.7 42.9 38.5 39.6 38.8 32.3 33.3 34.5 31.8 32.6 32.5 35.4 33.1
Figure 48 Weekly Hours Worked
Food and beverage stores have the highest component of part-time work. This is consistent with the relative emphasis on student employment in the sector. Often, part-time workers have only slightly less than the 30 hour-per-week definition of full-time employment. 13 This is supported by the fact that average hours worked in a number of sectors is relatively close to the all-sector average. 3 Demographic Characteristics
Because it is such a large sector in employment terms, any economy-wide averages of demographic data are strongly influenced by requirements in the retail sector. However, some distinct differences are apparent. In general, retail places somewhat greater emphasis on younger workers than the broad economy. Using Census data, the next chart (Figure 49) identifies the share of the labour force in each sector, the broad aggregate (detailed industry all industries) under 25 years of age, and those employed as cashiers. Retail sectors requiring significant numbers of cashiers generally employ greater numbers of younger workers.
13
This definition is used by Statistics Canada and has no particular legal significance.
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Labour Force Characteristics

Share of LF
0.0% Total - Detailed industry 44-45 Retail trade 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 443 Electronics and appliance stores 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 445 Food and beverage stores 446 Health and personal care stores 447 Gasoline stations 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 452 General merchandise stores 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 454 Non-store retailers 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0%
Share Under 25
Share which are Cashiers
Source: Census 2001
Figure 49 Labour Force Characteristics
The chart highlights this apparent relationship between the importance of the cashier occupation and the relative intensity with which younger persons are employed in the sector. The essential point is that the sectors hire large numbers of cashiers (for what are probably extended working hours) and are able to offer employment to students and younger persons willing to work part-time. Exceptions occur in sectors such as electronics and non-store retailers where cashiers are required in relatively fewer numbers but significant employment opportunities are offered to younger persons. This may result from the demographic targeted by such sectors. Use of students also reflects educational attributes among the labour force found in Figure 50.
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Education Attainment by Sector

Share of LF
0.0% Total - Detailed industry 44-45 Retail trade 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 443 Electronics and appliance stores 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 445 Food and beverage stores 446 Health and personal care stores 447 Gasoline stations 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 452 General merchandise stores 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 454 Non-store retailers
Source: Census 2001
10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0%
High School or Less
University Degree
Figure 50 Educational Attainment by Sector
As might be anticipated, data in Figure 50 show that sectors placing greatest emphasis on youth employment are also those in which the largest share of their workforces have attained education levels at or below high school graduation. Retail provides initial jobs for many persons. This is supported by the fact 31.9% of the retail labour force was under the age of 25 in 200l, compared to an all-industry average of 16.3%. There is a general perception that retail provides employment to a disproportionate share of immigrants. Data from the 2001 Census contained in Table 67 of the statistical appendix indicate non-immigrant share of the labour force in most retail sectors is above the all-sector average with the notable exceptions of electronics and clothing. In these two sectors, the share of non-immigrants in the labour force is only very slightly below the average for all-sectors. Figure 51 identifies the share of the labour force that immigrated in the five years prior to the Census year. Retail is shown to have a lower share of recent immigrants than the broad all-sector average.
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Immigrated in Last 5 years

Share of LF
0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5%
Total - Detailed industry 44-45 Retail trade 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 443 Electronics and appliance stores 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 445 Food and beverage stores 446 Health and personal care stores 447 Gasoline stations 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 452 General merchandise stores 453 Miscellaneous store retailers
Source: Census 2001
454 Non-store retailers
Figure 51 Immigrated in the Last 5 Years
This chart indicates stronger than average presence of recent immigrants in the electronics and clothing sectors in the census year. Automotive retailing, building materials and garden supplies sectors display much lower than average rates of utilization of recent immigrants, less than half the national average. The statistical appendix includes a data table (Table 67) indicating the incidence of visible minorities in the labour force of various retail sectors is generally below the all-sector average with the exception of the electronics and clothing sectors. This possibly suggests that immigrant-related businesses in these sectors are tied to sources of supply in their home countries. One of the more significant aspects of retail is the relative strength of the role of women. Women are obviously a key part of retails target market in all sectors and now provide a majority of the workforce. Women occupy a bigger share of the retail labour force (54% in 2004) than the economy as a whole (46.8%). More women work part time in retail (43.5% in 2004) than in other sectors (27.9%, all industries in 2004).
The table below (Figure 52) highlights both the prevalence of female employment and of part-time employment.
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Prevalence of Female and Part-Time Employment 1987 1995 2000 2004 Share of Sector Employment All Industry - Part-time 16.7% 18.8% 18.1% 18.5% All Ind. - 15-24 20.9% 15.8% 15.5% 15.4% All Ind. - 15-24 Part-time 6.8% 7.1% 6.8% 6.9% All Ind. Female 43.0% 45.4% 46.0% 46.8% All Ind. - Female - Part-time 11.7% 12.9% 12.5% 12.7% All Ind. Male 57.0% 54.6% 54.0% 53.2% All Ind. - Male - Part-time 4.9% 5.9% 5.6% 5.8% Retail - Part-time 30.8% 32.0% 32.3% 33.5% Retail - 15-24 36.3% 30.7% 30.9% 32.4% Retail - 15-24 Part-time 17.8% 18.0% 19.0% 19.9% Retail Female 51.8% 52.4% 53.9% 54.1% Retail - Female - Part-time 21.5% 22.0% 21.9% 22.7% Retail Male 48.2% 47.6% 46.1% 45.9% Retail - Male - Part-time 9.3% 9.9% 10.4% 10.8% Source: LFS
Figure 52 Prevalence of Female and Part-Time Employment
The table also indicates that the very modest increase in the part-time share of the retail labour force has been focused on younger persons rather than on females as a demographic group. 4 Occupations in Retail
There is a tendency to characterize retail as an industry focused on low-paying sales and cashiers jobs. In fact, retail, because of its many locations, employs a much larger share of managers than other sectors. It is also true that some of the retail sub-sectors employ an above-average proportion of finance, and finance and administration professionals, relative to the economy as a whole. Based on census data, the next chart (Figure 53) compares the proportion of these broad occupational groups found in the all industry labour force as well as individual retail sectors.
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Labour Force Occupational Characteristics

Share of LF 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Total - Detailed industry 44-45 Retail trade 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 443 Electronics and appliance stores 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 445 Food and beverage stores 446 Health and personal care stores 447 Gasoline stations 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 452 General merchandise stores 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 454 Non-store retailers
Managerial Bus., Finance, Admin Sales and Service of which Cashiers
Source: Census 2001
Figure 53 Labour Force Occupational Characteristics
The auto retailing and non-store sectors employ an above-average share of business, finance and administration professionals. The cashiers occupational group, a subset of the broader sales and service group, is naturally very significant in the food and beverage as well as general merchandise sectors, which emphasize self-service modes of shopping. In occupational terms, the broad structure of the retail sector is not unlike the manufacturing sector as a whole. The next chart (Figure 54) breaks the sector labour force down into three broad occupational groupings: Management, finance and technical; Sales and service, trades and processing; and, Other.
The analysis is done using the 1980 SIC and the corresponding occupational classification to facilitate comparison across the three most recent Census observations. The logic for the grouping is obvious. Sales and service are the production workers of the service sector.
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Occcupational Comparison - Retail and Manufacturing
2001 Manufacturing
1996 Management, Financial, Technical Sales, Trades, Processing Other
1991
2001 Retail
1996
1991 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
% of Labour Force
Figure 54 Occupational Comparison - Retail and Manufacturing
The figure indicates a broad similarity between retail and manufacturing in terms of relative emphasis on managerial, financial and technical personnel. Retail has experienced a modest decline, possibly associated with consolidations and format changes in the sector. 5 Retail Compensation
This section discusses variations in worker incomes across the various retail sectors. Generally, average worker incomes depend on the extent of full-time employment and the retail format. For retail, incomes are lowest in sectors emphasizing: Self-service/cashier sales models, or Smaller-scale stores with limited staff such as gift, sport and hobby stores.
The next chart (Figure 54) presents income estimates from the 2001 Census for wage-earners and selfemployed workers working full-time and for the full year in 2000.
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Structure of Income by Sector

Income Per Person ($000)
0 44-45 Retail trade 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 443 Electronics and appliance stores 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 445 Food and beverage stores 446 Health and personal care stores 447 Gasoline stations 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 452 General merchandise stores 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 454 Non-store retailers Retail Wage Earners
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Self-Employed Workers
Source: Census 2001
Figure 55 Structure of Income by Sector
The chart indicates workers in the automotive retailing sector appear to receive the best compensation, followed by electronics and appliance stores. Earlier reference to the chart on sector profitability (figure 11) highlighted the narrow margin in the automobile retail sector. The next chart presents similar income data for workers in each retail sector but specifically for the occupation of retail trade managers. For self-employed retail managers, incomes are noticeably lower in sectors such as miscellaneous retailers (gifts etc.) that emphasize small formats. Self-employed managers are likely often in store formats that are much different from stores with retail managers classed as wage earners.
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Structure of Income For Retail Managers by Sector

Income Per Person ($000)
0 44-45 Retail trade 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 443 Electronics and appliance stores 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 445 Food and beverage stores 446 Health and personal care stores 447 Gasoline stations 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 452 General merchandise stores 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 454 Non-store retailers Retail Wage Earners Self-Employed Workers
10
20
30
40
50
60
Source: Census
Figure 56 Structure of Income for Retail Managers By Sector
Interestingly, wage-earning managers in the electronics and non-store sectors earn more than their selfemployed counterparts. Relatively low incomes among managers in the general merchandise sector reflect enormous variation in store format, ranging from convenience and dollar stores to large warehouse chains. Comparison of relative income by sector in both charts with information on union coverage, presented below, suggests there is apparently no strong correlation between relative sector incomes and the degree of union coverage. The next chart (Figure 57) addresses the degree of union coverage among employed workers. In other words, the chart excludes self-employed persons. Using Labour Force Survey data, the chart shows unionization is concentrated in the food and beverage sector. An all-retail average including the food and beverage sector (15.4%) and excluding this sector (5.9%) is shown for 2004. Table 61 in the statistical appendix provides estimates of union coverage of employed workers over time. The data do not indicate any obvious trend. Estimates from the WES survey for 2001 indicate that the retail average is 11.5% and only 4.8% when supermarkets are specifically excluded.
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Employed Workers - Union Coverage - 2004

Share of Employed Workers 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Total Retail Employed Total excl. Food A-Automotive B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores D-Food And Beverage Stores E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores F-Clothing And Accessories G-General Merchandise Stores H-Miscellaneous Retailers Source: LFS L-Non-Stores Retailers
Figure 57 Employed Workers - Union Coverage 2004
The Survey of Employment, Payroll and Hours offers a perspective on labour compensation. The wage estimates are derived from payroll sources and exclude benefits. The table (Figure 58) below presents average weekly earnings by detailed sector as well as a relative indicator.
Sector
44-45 Retail Trade 441 Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers 4411 Automobile Dealers 4413 Automotive Parts, Accessories and Tire Stores 4421 Furniture Stores 4422 Home Furnishings Stores 4441 Building Material and Supplies Dealers 4442 Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores 445 Food and Beverage Stores 4451 Grocery Stores 446 Health and Personal Care Stores 447 Gasoline Stations 448 Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores 4481 Clothing Stores
Average Weekly Earnings by Sector AWE 2004 Relative Sector

453.98 763.32 832.62 539.21 570.46 490.94 571.09 464.25 406.01 404.62 467.56 334.28 378.54 375.79 100.0% 168.1% 183.4% 118.8% 125.7% 108.1% 125.8% 102.3% 89.4% 89.1% 103.0% 73.6% 83.4% 82.8% 4482 Shoe Stores 4483 Jewellery, Luggage and Leather Goods Stores 4511 Sporting Goods, Hobby and Musical Instrument Stores 4512 Book, Periodical and Music Stores 452 General Merchandise Stores 4521 Department Stores 4529 Other General Merchandise Stores 453 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 4531 Florists 4532 Office Supplies, Stationery and Gift Stores 4533 Used Merchandise Stores 4539 Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers 4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses 4542 Vending Machine Operators 4543 Direct Selling Establishments
AWE 2004
376.10 405.10 343.66 367.98 353.16 342.80 367.50 404.55 402.81 377.34 472.87 403.68 565.27 446.56 671.25
Relative
82.8% 89.2% 75.7% 81.1% 77.8% 75.5% 81.0% 89.1% 88.7% 83.1% 104.2% 88.9% 124.5% 98.4% 147.9%
Source: SEPH
Figure 58 Average Weekly Earnings by Sector
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SEPH offers more sectoral detail than any other industrial survey for such information. The survey covers only employees. There is no distinction between full-time and part-time employees. Relatively low average wages shown in sectors such as grocery stores reflect the significance of part-time employment compared to other sectors. This is borne out by data indicating hourly rated employees in the grocery sector worked on average 23.5 hours a week compared to 26.4 hours on average weekly for the retail sector as a whole in 2004. In contrast, employees in the automobile dealer sector average 35.6 hours per week. This relationship in average hours is one of the underlying factors in the wage relationship. The next chart (Figure 59) deals with average weekly earnings by province and indicates that retail compensation is strongest in Western Canada. However, somewhat stronger gains have been recorded by workers in Eastern Canada relative to other regions since 2001.
Average Weekly Earnings
0 CAN NF PE NS NB QC ON MB SK AB BC YK NT NU 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
2001 2004
Source: SEPH
Figure 59 Average Weekly Earnings
One advantage of the Labour Force Survey as a household survey is that it maintains the distinction between full-time and part-time workers. The next chart (Figure 60) presents occupational data from the LFS for the broad retail sales category. This occupational category includes cashiers and retail supervisors, so there is a broad mix within the group. The chart shows most workers in this class are clustered at the lower end of the spectrum, with increasing emphasis on part-time in the lower wage rates. According to the data, this occupational group included more than 120,000 persons, mostly in full-time positions, earning more than $16 per hour.
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Distribution of Hourly Wage Rates - Retail Sales Occupation

$40.00 and over $35.00 - $39.99 $30.00 - $34.99 $28.00 - $29.99 $26.00 - $27.99 $24.00 - $25.99 $22.00 - $23.99 $20.00 - $21.99 $18.00 - $19.99 $16.00 - $17.99 $14.00 - $15.99 $12.00 - $13.99 $10.00 - $11.99 $8.00 - $9.99 $7.00 - $7.99 $6.00 - $6.99 $5.00 - $5.99 Under $5.00 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Part-Time Full-Time
'(000)
180 Source: LFS
Figure 60 Distribution of Hourly Wage Rates - Retail Sales Occupation
Non-wage benefits are important in any discussion of compensation and labour conditions. Broadly speaking, an analysis of the incidence of health benefits in particular shows that the size of the workplace is one of the key determinants in the range of benefits offered. This probably reflects the impact of fixed costs on administering health benefit programs. Because the retail industry generally has smaller workplaces, the incidence of benefits is lower than the all-sector sample. Only 25.5% of retail and consumer service workplaces offered such benefits, compared to an economy-wide average of 35.6%. Generally, in all sectors, non-wage benefits were most frequently offered to employees with full-time and longer tenure. The incidence is higher for managers than for sales occupations. The next chart (Figure 61) provides some summary measures of characteristics of employees receiving health benefits in the two samples used in the WES analysis. The sample excluding supermarkets reveals a slightly lower incidence of health benefits. This is not likely attributable to union status, but to increased emphasis on smaller workplaces and enterprises in the non-grocery sample.
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Incidence of Health Benefits 2001

Share of Employees 0% Overall Full-time Part-time Union Non-Union 1-19 empl. 20-99 empl. 100-499 empl. 500 empl. or more Source: Total Retail Retail Excl. Grocery 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Figure 61 Incidence of Health Benefits 2001
Supplementary data in Table 75 of the statistical appendix indicate similar characteristics prevailed in the 1999 sample. Full-time workers were generally more likely to enjoy health benefits. However, roughly 20% of part-time employees in retail have health benefits. This is in line with estimates for the full WES sample. The next chart (Figure 62) analyzes the incidence of health benefits by occupation. As might be expected, the incidence of health benefits is higher for managers and professionals than for marketing and sales occupations.
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Incidence of Health Benefits - 2001

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0%
Managers
Professionals
Technical / Trades
Marketing / Sales
Clerical / Administrative Source: WES
Total Retail
Retail Excl. Grocery
Figure 62 Incidence of Health Benefits by Occupation 2001
Including the more unionized grocery sector does not appear to have any significant impact on this analysis. Comparison of 2001 estimates with the 1999 sample (Table 76) indicates a significantly higher incidence of health benefits for managers and professionals. This suggests firms were improving working conditions for management level staff. 6 The Retail Career
In this section of the report, we will focus on several key aspects of the retail career path: Tenure Turnover Mobility Job satisfaction, and Training.
The next chart (Figure 63) addresses the distribution of time in months that an employee had been with the same employer in 2004. Continuous expansion and use of part-time employees result in a significant share of employees in the short-tenure category.
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Structure of Tenure By Sector 2004

Dist. of Tenure in Months 0% Total Retail A-Automotive B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores D-Food And Beverage Stores E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores F-Clothing And Accessories G-General Merchandise Stores H-Miscellaneous Retailers L-Non-Stores Retailers Source: LFS 0-3 4-12 13-60 60+ 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Figure 63 Structure of Tenure by Sector 2004
More detailed data appear in Table 77 of the statistical appendix: 30.3% of employees had been with the same employer for 1 year or less; 31.4% of employees had been with the same employer for 5 years or more; 17% had stayed with their employer 10 years or more.
Employee turnover is one of the major challenges for retail employers. The next chart (Figure 64), based on the workplace portion of the WES survey, contrasts employee turnover estimates for the two retail samples and the all-WES sample. The estimate is calculated from hires and quits at the workplace level.
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Employee Turnover Estimates
Retail excl. Grocery
Retail
All Industries
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0% 1999
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
Source: Workplace portion of WES
2001
Figure 64 Employee Turnover Estimates
Comparing the two retail samples with the ALL-WES-Industries sample indicates increasing turnover across the broad private economy, but decreasing turnover in retail. This is true both for the sample with supermarkets and the one excluding supermarkets. Turnover rates are higher in the retail sector compared to the ALL-WES estimate, reflecting factors such as the prevalence of part-time and student employment. Unpublished estimates indicate higher and increasing turnover rates in Western Canada for both the all industry and retail samples between 1999 and 2001. Lowest turnover is found in Atlantic Canada. Turnover is calculated from the workplace perspective. The equivalent concept for employees is mobility, switching employers. The next chart (Figure 65) shows mobility by size of workplace. Generally, employees in larger workplaces were more likely to stay with their employers than those in smaller ones. This chart also presents analysis by age cohort, indicating greater mobility among younger workers. This is not surprising given the emphasis on part-time, possibly student employment. Generally, results for retail are similar to those for all WES sectors except for workplaces numbering 100-499 employees. This is perhaps an anomaly because a similar break in pattern is not seen in the 1999-2000 data. The latter are presented in Table 79 of the statistical appendix.
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Retention - Employees remaining with the same employer in 2001 and 2002 By Age and Firm Size
0.0% Overall Less than 25 Age 25-44 45 or more Firm Size 119 employees 2099 employees 100499 employees 500+ employees Source: WES Retail All WES 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0% 120.0%
Figure 65 Worker Retention - Same Employer in 2001 and 2002
The next chart (Figure 66) extends the analysis to look at averages by region. One interesting finding is that employees are less likely to remain with employers on the Prairies, whether or not in retail.
Retention - Employees remaining with the same employer in 2001 and 2002
0% Overall Atlantic Qubec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Source: WES Retail All WES 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Figure 66 Same Employer in 2001 and 2002 by Region 14
The next set of charts (Figure 67, Figure 68) addresses the key issues of job and pay satisfaction. Generally, the proportion of workers dissatisfied with jobs and pay is remarkably similar in both retail and
14
Retail data are not available for Saskatchewan.

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overall estimates. There appears to be slightly more dissatisfaction with pay in the retail group than in the broader all-sector sample.
Job Satisfaction - 2001
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% All WES Sectors Source: WES Very Satisfied Retail Satisfied Retail Ex Grocery Not Satisfied
Figure 67 Job Satisfaction 2001
Pay Satisfaction - 2001

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% All WES Sectors Source: WES Very Satisfied Retail Satisfied Retail Ex Grocery Not Satisfied
Figure 68 Pay Satisfaction 2001
Unpublished estimates indicate the degree of satisfaction increases with job classification. In other words, managers are more likely to be satisfied than production workers. Also, satisfaction with both job and pay in retail has declined since 1999. Younger workers (under 25) are least satisfied among all the age cohorts. Though causality with respect to satisfaction cannot be attributed to it, it should be noted that the incidence of benefits increases with job classification and age.
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Training is another key aspect of the career path of employees. Training might be expected to encourage employers to retain employees and employees to stay with their employers. The next chart (Figure 69) compares data for the retail-excluding-grocery sample (RetailXG) for 1999 and 2001 with the all-sector sample for 2001.
Training Activities
WES-2001
RetailXG-2001
RetailXG-1999
0.0% Source: WES
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Receiving classroom training Receiving no training
Receiving on-the-job training
Figure 69 Training Activities
There is a slight increase in the share of employees in the retail sample receiving no training. Other data indicate that younger workers (<25) were more likely to receive training (58.7%) than older workers (45+) (37.3%). Also, managers and professionals were more likely to receive training than other workers. The next chart (Figure 70) compares training for the two retail samples for 2001 on the basis of workplace size and employment status.
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Training By Workplace Size and Employment Status -2001

Retail Excluding Grocery
No Training
On-The-Job 500 employees or more 100-499 employees 20-99 employees 1-19 employees Part-time Full-time
Classroom
No Training Retail
On-The-Job
Classroom Source: WES
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Figure 70 Training by Workplace Size and Employment Status
Generally, workers in larger workplaces were more likely to receive classroom training than those in smaller workplaces. As would be expected, if they received training, workers in smaller workplaces were likely to receive on-the-job training. There were much less apparent differences in training on the basis of employment status (full-time or part-time) than might be expected. There were only negligible differences between results for the two retail samples (all retail and retail excluding grocery).
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Appendix
Data Sources and Notes
Data Sources for the Report

A discussion of the material used in the report
1 Introduction
Integration of diverse data sets is one of the challenges in presenting a comprehensive picture of the retail sector. This section outlines the major data sources used in the report. With minor exceptions, all data are sourced from Statistics Canada. Most of the data analysis is based on special tabulations and products that are not part of the standard publication program. Some of the datasets are based on surveys of individuals (household surveys), others are based on business surveys and some elements utilize administrative data obtained from government filings by businesses. Major Data Sources
Publication Survey Notes
2406 - Retail Trade Survey 63-005 - Retail Trade (Monthly) NAICS 2446 Retail Store Survey Annual Retail Trade (Released in the 2447 Annual Retail Chain Survey NAICS from 1999 on daily) 71-001 - Labour Force Survey 3701 - Labour Force Survey Household survey Establishment / enterprise data produced from the Business Payroll Survey results and the payroll deductions administrative 2612 - Survey of data received from Canada Employment, Payroll and 72-002 - Employment, Payroll and Revenue Agency Hours Hours (SEPH) 71-585-XIE - Workplace and Employee 2615 Workplace and Linked employers and employees Survey compendium Employee Survey (WES) at the workplace level 62-202-XIE - Spending Patterns in 3508 Survey of Canada Household Spending Household survey 61F0040XCB - Canadian Business Patterns (CBP) administrative data SIC80 and NAICS Various Tabulations Census of Canada NAICS, SIC80
Data Classification
The data in this report are generally based in sectoral definitions associated with the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). This classification allocates establishments or enterprises to retail on the basis of how they do it rather than who they do it for. There were many complex changes to the definition of retail with the implementation of this classification. For example, computer stores moved to retail from wholesale. Fuel sales for home use moved to non-store retailing. Some purely service activities moved to personal or business service categories, out of retail. Establishments primarily tied to repair
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services (furniture, appliances, electronics etc.), motor vehicle towing and one-hour photo finishing shops have moved to the personal service sector. This resulted in a shift of more than 40,000 establishments out of retail. Other changes included the move of retail bakeries, tailors and dressmakers to manufacturing. Pawnshops moved to the financial services sector. 3
3.1
Data Concepts
Data Collection
Two types of surveys -- household and business -- were used in this study. Household surveys cover exactly what the term implies, an individual in a household. A household is generally defined as being composed of a person or group of persons who co-reside in, or occupy, a dwelling. As in the case of dwellings, both collective and private households are identified. Business surveys generally cover one or more entities in a hierarchy. 15 The Enterprise (the top of the hierarchy), is associated with a complete set of financial statements. The enterprise, as a statistical unit, is defined as the organizational unit of a business that directs and controls the allocation of resources relating to its domestic operations, and for which consolidated financial and balance sheet accounts are maintained from which international transactions, an international investment position and a consolidated financial position for the unit can be derived. It corresponds to the institutional unit as defined for the System of National Accounts. The Company is the level at which operating profit can be measured. The company, as a statistical unit, is defined as the organizational unit for which income and expenditure accounts and balance sheets are maintained from which operating profit and the rate of return on capital can be derived. The Establishment is the level at which the accounting data required to measure production is available (principal inputs, revenues, salaries and wages).The establishment, as a statistical unit, is defined as the most homogeneous unit of production for which the business maintains accounting records from which it is possible to assemble all the data elements required to compile the full structure of the gross value of production (total sales or shipments, and inventories), the cost of materials and services, and labour and capital used in production. The Location (the bottom of the hierarchy) requires only the number of employees for delineation. This unit is used only by the monthly survey of retail sales and inventories. The location, as a statistical unit, is defined as a producing unit at a single geographical location at which or from which economic activity is conducted and for which, at a minimum, employment data are available.
3.2 Retail-Specific Surveys
The Annual Retail Chain Survey measures, on an annual basis, the operating and financial characteristics of domiciled retail corporate chains and department stores. A "retail store chain" is defined as an organization
15
http://www.statcan.ca/english/concepts/stat-unit-def.htm
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operating four or more outlets in the same industry class under the same legal ownership at any time during the survey year. The independent stores could be both franchise and truly independent businesses. A "franchise" is part of a group of stores that sells the same products and operate similarly, but each franchise is independently owned. An "independent" store generally operates fewer than four locations.
3.3 Data Aggregation
Various data sources provide data at differing degrees of aggregation. The starting point for the information is the detailed NAICS classification. Because of the constraints of data confidentiality and survey samples, the detailed industries have been aggregated in some presentations into trade groups or special aggregates. The table below shows these aggregates defined in terms of the most detailed NAICS codes. In some cases, surveys such as LFS are only coded at a more aggregated level requiring minor adjustments to the classification.
Special Trade Aggregation for Retail Trade Based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2002 Special Aggregate Trade Group Automotive New Car Dealers 10
44111 New Car Dealers
NAICS
Description
Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers

44112 Used Car Dealers Recreational Vehicle Dealers Motorcycle, Boat, and Other Motor Vehicle Dealers Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores Tire Dealers
44121
20
44122 44131 44132
Gasoline Stations 130

44711 44719 Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores Other Gasoline Stations
Furniture, Home Furnishings and Electronics Stores Furniture Stores 30

44211 Furniture Stores
Home Furnishings Stores 40

44221 44229 Floor Covering Stores Other Home Furnishings Stores
50
Computer and Software Stores

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Special Trade Aggregation for Retail Trade Based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2002 Special Aggregate Trade Group NAICS
44312
Description
Computer and Software Stores
Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 60

44311 44313 Appliance, Television and other Electronics Stores Camera and Photographic Supplies Stores
Building and Outdoor Home Supplies Stores Home Centres and Hardware Stores 70
44411 44413 Home Centres Hardware Stores
Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores

44412 Paint and Wallpaper Stores Other Building Material Dealers Outdoor Power Equipment Stores Nursery Stores and Garden Centres
80
44419 44421 44422
Food and Beverage Stores Supermarkets 90

44511 Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores
Convenience and Specialty Food Stores

44512 Convenience Stores Meat Markets Fish and Seafood Markets Fruit and Vegetable Markets Other Specialty Food Stores
D 100
44521 44522 44523 44529
Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 110

44531 Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores
Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 120 Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores
44611 44612 44613 Pharmacies and Drug Stores Cosmetics, Beauty Supplies and Perfume Stores Optical Goods Stores
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44619
Description
Other Health and Personal Care Stores
Clothing and Accessories Stores Clothing Stores

44811 44812 Men's Clothing Stores Women's Clothing Stores Children's and Infant's Clothing Stores Family Clothing Stores Other Clothing Stores
140
44813 44814
F
44819
Shoe, Clothing Accessories and Jewellery Stores

44815 Clothing Accessories Stores Shoe Stores Jewellery Stores Luggage and Leather Goods Stores
150
44821 44831 44832
General Merchandise Stores Department Stores 170

45211 Department Stores
G Other General Merchandise Stores 180

45291 45299 Warehouse Clubs and Superstores All Other General Merchandise Stores
Miscellaneous Retailers Sporting Goods, Hobby, Music and Book Stores

45111 45112 Sporting Goods Stores Hobby, Toy and Game Stores Sewing, Needlework and Piece Goods Stores Musical Instrument and Supplies Stores Book Stores and News Dealers Pre-Recorded Tape, Compact Disc and Record Stores
160
45113 45114 45121 45122
190
Miscellaneous Store Retailers

45311 Florists
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45321 45322 45331 45391 45392 45393 45399
Description
Office Supplies and Stationery Stores Gift, Novelty and Souvenir Stores Used Merchandise Stores Pet and Pet Supplies Stores Art Dealers Mobile Home Dealers All Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers
Non-Store Retailers Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses 210

45411 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses
Vending Machine Operators 220 L 230

45431 Fuel Dealers 45421 Vending Machine Operators
Fuel Dealers
Other Direct Selling Establishments 240

45439 Other Direct Selling Establishments
Source: Statistics Canada
For analysis of the WES survey, two aggregations, the traditional total retail, and one excluding supermarkets, are used. The exact definitions are: (1) NAICS (441-448, 451-454) (2) NAICS (441-444, 4453, 446-448, 451-454). Note to Readers Jacobson Consulting Inc. (JCI) was asked by the Retail Council of Canada (RCC) to prepare a report on the structure of the retail sector based on publicly available information and statistical data from Statistics Canada and other third parties or their web sites. This report also relies on data and documentation provided by Statistics Canada. The user is warned that Statistics Canada explicitly does not warrant its data for any purpose or accept liability for its accuracy or appropriateness.
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JCI accepts responsibility to RCC for its analysis only, not the underlying quality or accuracy of the data provided by third parties such as Statistics Canada or the documentation of other material provided by third parties. The information, data and documentation provided are as is with all faults and without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. RCC and JCI make no warranties or representations regarding the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information and data provided. Any use which a third party makes of this report, or any reliance on or decisions to be made based on it, are the responsibility of such third parties. JCI and RCC accept no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any third parties as a result of decisions made, or actions taken, based on this report.
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Appendix
Statistical Supplement
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Canada Newfoundland and Labrador 4,494 Prince Edward Island 1,241 Nova Scotia 7,265 New Brunswick 6,393 Quebec 67,315 Ontario 99,970 Manitoba 8,294 Saskatchewan 8,262 Alberta 26,485 British Columbia 35,288 Yukon Territory 285 Northwest Territories 263 Nunavut 88 Source: Canadian Business Patterns
Retail Establishment Counts - June 2004 Undetermined With Under Total Empl. Size Employment 10 265,643 113,967 151,676 110,392 1,440 349 2,722 2,409 29,538 47,196 3,254 2,870 9,946 14,102 73 57 11 3,054 892 4,543 3,984 37,777 52,774 5,040 5,392 16,539 21,186 212 206 77 2,371 647 3,246 2,937 29,912 36,948 3,276 3,746 11,431 15,560 153 133 32
10-49 34,497 576 218 1,056 887 6,372 13,204 1,507 1,458 4,308 4,759 49 63 40
5099 4,028 63 13 133 93 1,015 1,495 161 121 445 472 5 8 4
100199 1,963 32 12 88 54 350 778 67 45 264 265 5 2 1
200+ 796 12 2 20 13 128 349 29 22 91 130 0 0 0
Table 1 Retail Establishment Counts
Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Qubec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut
Store Counts by Region 1999 2000 2001 184,554 191,856 193,733 3,991 3,986 3,714 1,008 1,060 997 5,820 6,177 5,979 4,608 5,018 4,852 48,242 48,720 50,285 65,836 69,140 69,786 6,146 6,661 6,221 6,097 6,169 6,330 18,099 19,061 19,491 24,199 25,330 25,567 231 235 234 211 230 205 66 69 72
2002 200,836 3,742 985 6,050 4,940 50,440 74,218 6,425 6,513 20,175 26,808 240 227 73
2003 199,952 3,761 1,020 5,993 4,945 48,955 74,706 6,352 6,351 20,311 27,020 221 240 77
Table 2 Store Counts by Region
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Per Capita Store Counts (per 1000) 1999 2000 Canada 6.07 6.25 Newfoundland and Labrador 7.49 7.55 Prince Edward Island 7.41 7.79 Nova Scotia 6.23 6.61 New Brunswick 6.14 6.68 Qubec 6.59 6.62 Ontario 5.72 5.92 Manitoba 5.38 5.81 Saskatchewan 6.01 6.12 Alberta 6.13 6.34 British Columbia 6.03 6.27 Yukon 7.45 7.83 Northwest Territories 5.15 5.75 Nunavut 2.44 2.46 Source: Annual Retail Store Survey
Table 3 Per Capita Store Counts
2001 6.25 7.11 7.28 6.42 6.47 6.80 5.87 5.40 6.33 6.38 6.27 7.80 5.00 2.57
2002 6.40 7.21 7.19 6.47 6.59 6.77 6.13 5.56 6.54 6.47 6.51 8.00 5.54 2.52
2003 6.32 7.26 7.45 6.40 6.58 6.53 6.09 5.47 6.39 6.43 6.51 7.13 5.71 2.66
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Commodity Group
Food and beverages Food (exclude pet food, meals and lunches) Non-alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages Health and personal care products Personal care, health and beauty products (non-electric) and home health care sick room equipment and supplies Eyewear, prescription and nonprescription Drugs (prescription and overthe-counter), vitamins and other health supplements Clothing, footwear and accessories Housewares (non-electric) and household supplies Furniture, home furnishings and electronics Hardware, lawn and garden products Hardware and home renovation products Lawn and garden products, equipment and plants Sporting and leisure goods Books, newspapers and other periodicals Motor vehicles, parts, service and rental New automotive vehicles New cars New trucks, vans, mini-vans, sport utility vehicles and buses Used automotive vehicles Automotive parts and accessories, labour receipts and rental receipts Automotive fuels, oils and additives (for automotive and recreational vehicles and farm equipment)
Market Shares of Major Commodity Groupings - 2004 Major Sector Second Tier Total Retail Value Value Value ($BN) Name $BN Share Name $BN
76,869 56,652 4,488 15,729 Food and Beverage Stores Food and Beverage Stores Food and Beverage Stores Food and Beverage Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Clothing and Accessories Stores General Merchandise Stores Furniture, Home Furnishings and Electronics Stores Building and Outdoor Home Supplies Stores Building and Outdoor Home Supplies Stores General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Retailers Miscellaneous Retailers 66,935 48,855 2,784 15,297 87% 86% 62% 97% General Merchandise Stores General Merchandise Stores General Merchandise Stores Automotive Food and Beverage Stores 6,553 5,550 912 287
Share
8.5% 9.8% 20.3% 1.8%
29,283
19,285
66%
4,921
16.8%
9,136
3,774
41%
General Merchandise Stores General Merchandise Stores Food and Beverage Stores General Merchandise Stores Food and Beverage Stores General Merchandise Stores General Merchandise Stores General Merchandise Stores Building and Outdoor Home Supplies Stores General Merchandise Stores Food and Beverage Stores Furniture, Home Furnishings and Electronics Stores
2,825
30.9%
1,299
1,015
78%
211
16.2%
18,848 29,206 7,287
14,496 19,247 3,059
77% 66% 42%
2,654 7,678 2,180
14.1% 26.3% 29.9%
31,605
20,331
64%
6,271
19.8%
23,189
17,325
75%
3,463
14.9%
18,370
15,850
86%
1,974
10.7%
4,819 12,292 2,740
1,489 6,383 1,748
31% 52% 64%
1,475 4,021 488
30.6% 32.7% 17.8%
76,599 42,136 19,069 23,067 18,939
Automotive Automotive Automotive Automotive Automotive
74,315 42,136 19,069 23,067 18,934
97% 100% 100% 100% 100%
133
0.2%
15,524
Automotive
13,245
85%
Furniture, Home Furnishings and Electronics Stores
133
0.9%
29,016
Automotive Automotive Automotive
27,946 11,465 5,587
96% 35% 96%
All other goods and services 32,357 Recreational vehicles 5,827 Source: Quarterly Retail Commodity Survey
Food and Beverage Stores Miscellaneous Retailers
558 6,772
1.9% 20.9%
Table 4 Market Shares of Major Commodity Groupings 2004
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Sales of Commodities By Large Retailers ($millions) 2000 2001 Total commodities 73,735 78,103 Food 23,039 23,764 Non-alcoholic beverages 1,656 1,710 Alcoholic beverages 295 358 Drugs (prescription and over-the-counter), vitamins and other health supplements 2,747 3,174 Women's clothing and accessories 6,728 7,070 Men's clothing and accessories 3,875 3,902 Footwear 1,271 1,334 Indoor furniture 1,941 2,104 Household appliances 1,947 2,132 Home electronics, computers and cameras 4,324 4,442 Home furnishings 2,231 2,494 Housewares 3,512 3,691 Hardware and home renovation products 1,545 1,604 Lawn and garden products, equipment and plants 1,352 1,464 Sporting goods 1,314 1,421 Toys, games and hobby supplies 1,147 1,241 Pre-recorded CDs, DVDs, and video and audio tapes 697 746 Books, newspapers and other periodicals 380 416 Automotive fuels, oils and additives 1,517 1,642 Tobacco products and supplies 1,933 2,058 Residual Commodities 10,284 11,334 Source: Statistics Canada, CANSIM
Table 5 Sales of Commodities by Large Retailers
2002 83,043 24,853 1,728 394 3,650 7,287 3,920 1,410 2,324 2,344 4,874 2,625 3,908 1,653 1,526 1,515 1,325 883 411 1,739 2,409 12,263
2003 87,697 26,365 1,724 472 4,175 7,335 3,962 1,491 2,357 2,521 5,257 2,694 4,047 1,711 1,690 1,615 1,416 993 427 1,955 2,584 12,907
2004 93,298 27,931 1,899 559 4,653 7,535 4,061 1,623 2,659 2,707 5,737 2,899 4,152 1,842 1,950 1,646 1,455 1,124 437 2,411 2,501 13,518
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Market Share of Large Retailers - 2004 Selected Commodities ($BN) Large Retailers Total commodities 93,298 Food 27,931 Non-alcoholic beverages 1,899 Alcoholic beverages 559 Drugs (prescription and over-the-counter), vitamins and other health supplements 4,653 Women's clothing and accessories 7,535 Men's clothing and accessories 4,061 Footwear 1,623 Indoor furniture 2,659 Household appliances 2,707 Home electronics, computers and cameras 5,737 Home furnishings 2,899 Housewares 4,152 Hardware and home renovation products 1,842 Lawn and garden products, equipment and plants 1,950 Sporting goods 1,646 Toys, games and hobby supplies 1,455 Pre-recorded CDs, DVDs, and video and audio tapes 1,124 Books, newspapers and other periodicals 437 Automotive fuels, oils and additives 2,411 Tobacco products and supplies 2,501 Residual Commodities 13,518 Source: CANSIM, Special Tabulations
Table 6 Market Share of Large Retailers
Total Market 347,704 56,652 4,488 15,729 18,848 12,371 6,574 4,090 7,005 4,812 8,389 11,399 7,287 18,370 4,819 3,845 2,643 1,941 2,740 29,016 8,844 117,843
LR Share 26.8% 49.3% 42.3% 3.6% 24.7% 60.9% 61.8% 39.7% 38.0% 56.3% 68.4% 25.4% 57.0% 10.0% 40.5% 42.8% 55.0% 57.9% 15.9% 8.3% 28.3% 11.5%
Operating Revenue by Trade Group ($000,000) 1999 2000 New Car Dealers 67,269 69,224 Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 11,933 13,453 Furniture stores 6,255 6,804 Home Furnishings Stores 3,369 3,618 Computer and Software Stores 2,443 2,819 Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 5,933 6,733 Home Centres and Hardware Stores 9,846 10,501 Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 4,214 4,891 Supermarkets 46,694 50,130 Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 10,957 12,552 Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 9,793 10,333 Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 18,704 19,111 Gasoline Stations 21,916 26,956 Clothing Stores 13,050 13,987 Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 4,315 4,895 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 8,635 8,838 Department Stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 33,381 35,245 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 9,776 10,106 Total 288,484 310,196 Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
Table 7 Operating Revenue by Trade Group
2001 72,283 13,891 7,287 4,006 2,744 7,385 11,414 4,452 51,328 11,650 11,270 20,358 29,033 14,793 4,917 8,883 37,272 10,228 323,193
2002 77,235 15,559 7,901 4,369 2,437 8,161 13,622 4,802 54,396 12,157 12,368 21,955 29,389 15,021 5,129 9,307 39,105 10,763 343,675
2003 75,610 15,698 8,373 4,740 2,439 9,080 15,571 5,124 56,776 12,818 13,106 23,128 31,969 15,528 5,030 9,401 40,688 11,176 356,256
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Operating Revenue Per Store by Trade Group (000) 1999 2000 2001 New Car Dealers 18,701 18,862 19,255 Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 922 1,015 1,024 Furniture stores 1,503 1,598 1,674 Home Furnishings Stores 604 621 630 Computer and Software Stores 597 691 655 Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 830 906 983 Home Centres and Hardware Stores 2,500 2,494 2,623 Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 917 1,060 934 Supermarkets 4,888 5,008 4,972 Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 600 632 592 Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 3,194 3,450 3,516 Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 1,434 1,411 1,497 Gasoline Stations 1,156 1,379 1,502 Clothing Stores 665 677 721 Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 472 481 505 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 642 664 658 Department Stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 3,975 4,016 4,202 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 391 395 392 Total 1,563 1,617 1,668 Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
Table 8 Operating Revenue Per Store By Trade Group
2002 19,593 1,061 1,827 643 517 1,001 3,107 896 5,191 602 3,985 1,555 1,443 749 507 678 4,369 393 1,711
2003 19,171 1,044 1,896 694 484 1,111 3,477 936 5,301 625 4,083 1,709 1,664 783 501 709 4,314 417 1,782
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Sales Per Square Foot for Chain Stores in Canada $/Sq Ft 1999 2000 2001 Furniture stores 221 231 189 Home Furnishings Stores 194 165 226 Computer and Software Stores 1178 950 776 Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 698 662 706 Home Centres and Hardware Stores 356 371 261 Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 152 191 150 Supermarkets 441 465 522 Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 380 462 501 Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 850 969 1014 Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 519 542 667 Clothing Stores 263 263 269 Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 267 371 406 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 243 282 248 General Merchandise Stores 304 307 263 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 169 185 197 Total 307 369 350 Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
Table 9 Sales Per Square Foot for Chain Stores
2002 206 240 837 761 562 146 535 523 1288 650 265 382 252 231 229 355
2003 189 204 748 533 227 239 554 596 1013 651 258 340 274 297 171 353
Operating Revenue by Trade Group and Store Type For 2003 (000,000) Chains Non Chains Franchises Independents New Car Dealers 1,887 73,723 36,382 8,365 Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 1,469 14,230 548 2,895 Furniture stores 4,816 3,557 128 574 Home Furnishings Stores 1,263 3,477 40 584 Computer and Software Stores 405 2,034 157 260 Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 5,693 3,387 89 684 Home Centres and Hardware Stores 8,643 6,928 479 987 Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 902 4,222 48 1,157 Supermarkets 32,449 24,327 5,019 4,373 Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 2,274 10,544 Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 11,709 1,397 Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 5,179 17,949 3,842 2,244 Gasoline Stations 19,264 12,705 516 2,313 Clothing Stores 11,142 4,387 Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 3,024 2,007 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 4,427 4,974 73 1,267 Department Stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 31,229 9,459 2,507 314 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 4,306 6,869 128 1,217 Total 150,079 206,177 50,422 31,283 Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
Table 10 Operating Revenue by Trade Group and Store Type 2003
Unclassified 28,976 10,787 2,855 2,854 1,618 2,614 5,462 3,017 14,935 7,579 980 11,863 9,877 3,708 1,551 3,634 6,638 5,524 124,472
Total 75,610 15,698 8,373 4,740 2,439 9,080 15,571 5,124 56,776 12,818 13,106 23,128 31,969 15,528 5,030 9,401 40,688 11,176 356,256
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Gross Margin Rate by Trade Group 1999 2000 New Car Dealers 13.5% 12.9% Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 25.0% 23.2% Furniture stores 35.9% 36.2% Home Furnishings Stores 42.1% 40.5% Computer and Software Stores 20.9% 24.8% Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 33.2% 31.0% Home Centres and Hardware Stores 27.8% 27.3% Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 34.8% 29.6% Supermarkets 23.8% 22.9% Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 26.3% 24.7% Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 42.2% 40.5% Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 30.6% 29.7% Gasoline Stations 27.4% 24.1% Clothing Stores 43.7% 44.4% Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 44.3% 46.0% Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 36.2% 36.7% Department stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 26.8% 27.0% Miscellaneous Store Retailers 42.7% 41.8% Total 26.4% 25.6% Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
Table 11 Gross Margin by Trade Group
2001 12.1% 21.5% 36.7% 40.2% 22.8% 32.6% 28.6% 30.3% 25.1% 26.8% 40.0% 33.4% 23.8% 44.2% 46.8% 36.7% 27.7% 42.2% 26.2%
2002 12.8% 22.3% 38.7% 38.3% 25.0% 31.2% 28.1% 30.0% 24.4% 26.5% 47.8% 30.8% 23.9% 44.7% 46.4% 37.1% 26.5% 42.4% 26.2%
2003 12.3% 22.0% 38.7% 39.7% 24.7% 30.7% 28.5% 29.6% 24.5% 25.0% 46.6% 30.5% 23.8% 44.6% 46.3% 37.0% 25.7% 41.2% 26.1%
Profit Margin Rate by Trade Group (000,000) 1999 2000 New Car Dealers 3.3% 2.5% Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 6.3% 5.5% Furniture stores 5.6% 6.5% Home Furnishings Stores 7.3% 8.0% Computer and Software Stores 2.1% 1.1% Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 4.5% 4.3% Home Centres and Hardware Stores 4.7% 3.1% Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 3.9% 0.6% Supermarkets 2.8% 3.1% Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 2.4% 2.0% Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 28.7% 26.6% Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 4.1% 1.9% Gasoline Stations 11.0% 9.4% Clothing Stores 4.6% 5.0% Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 3.1% 7.6% Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 4.8% 5.1% Department stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 6.2% 4.3% Miscellaneous Store Retailers 3.8% 5.0% Total 5.4% 4.8% Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
Table 12 Profit Margin by Trade Group
2001 1.9% 3.3% 7.2% 8.5% 4.0% 7.9% 5.9% 3.1% 4.6% 5.5% 25.9% 8.0% 10.3% 6.7% 2.9% 7.0% 8.3% 4.5% 6.2%
2002 2.6% 3.4% 6.5% 5.0% 1.9% 3.9% 9.7% 3.0% 4.6% 4.7% 33.9% 5.1% 10.8% 5.5% 7.9% 4.2% 5.8% 4.5% 6.1%
2003 1.5% 3.2% 5.6% 6.0% 1.5% 3.1% 9.9% 4.0% 4.2% 3.0% 31.9% 4.3% 11.6% 4.8% 6.4% 4.5% 4.7% 6.2% 5.7%
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Profit Margin by Trade Group by Type for Canada - 2003 Chains Non Chains New Car Dealers 2.0% 1.5% Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 7.5% 2.7% Furniture stores 8.0% 2.3% Home Furnishings Stores 8.7% 5.0% Computer and Software Stores 7.1% 0.4% Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 4.1% 1.5% Home Centres and Hardware Stores 14.6% 4.1% Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 8.0% 3.1% Supermarkets 6.8% 0.7% Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 6.1% 2.4% Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 35.3% 3.1% Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 8.7% 3.0% Gasoline Stations 13.2% 9.2% Clothing Stores 5.7% 2.4% Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 7.2% 5.2% Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 5.7% 3.4% Department stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 5.2% 3.1% Miscellaneous Store Retailers 8.5% 4.7% Total 9.9% 2.6% Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
Table 13 Profit Margin by Trade Group by Type
Total 1.5% 3.2% 5.6% 6.0% 1.5% 3.1% 9.9% 4.0% 4.2% 3.0% 31.9% 4.3% 11.6% 4.8% 6.4% 4.5% 4.7% 6.2% 5.7%
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CA
New Car Dealers Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal Furniture stores Home Furnishings Stores Computer and Software Stores Home Electronics and Appliance Stores Home Centres and Hardware Stores Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores Supermarkets Convenience and Specialty Food Stores Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing Stores Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores Department stores & Other General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Total 1.5%
NL
-2.0%
PE
Profit Margin by Trade Group for 2003 NS NB QC ON MB SK

1.6% 1.8% 1.5% 1.6% 1.5% 1.6%
AB
1.3%
BC
1.7%
YT
2.2%
NT
2.7%
NU
0.0%
1.9%
3.2% 5.6% 6.0% 1.5%
3.9% 3.3% 6.2% 1.9%
4.5% 3.2% 4.5% ---
2.3% 6.6% 3.7% -3.0%
3.1% 6.6% 5.3% ---
2.7% 6.3% 5.2% 1.7%
2.3% 5.9% 6.3% 1.0%
2.1% 1.6% 7.4% 0.5%
4.2% 1.0% 6.3% 3.7%
6.2% 5.4% 6.9% 3.5%
2.6% 5.1% 5.3% 1.2%
3.9% -------
2.1% -------
3.3% 0.0% 0.0% ---
3.1% 9.9%
5.7% 5.0%
--0.9%
4.0% 5.2%
--4.8%
5.9% 6.1%
2.8% 13.1%
2.1% 9.9%
1.0% 9.2%
1.9% 10.5%
1.7% 11.4%
-----
-----
-----
4.0% 4.2%
3.8% 0.4%
--2.5%
2.9% ---
2.9% 2.3%
4.2% 1.5%
3.5% 7.0%
3.8% 2.9%
3.3% 2.3%
5.0% 3.4%
4.5% 3.3%
-----
--0.9%
0.0% ---
3.0% 31.9%
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
2.1% 3.4%
-----
-----
-----
16.9% ---
4.3% 11.6% 4.8% 6.4%
3.2% 10.1% 5.9% -0.4%
2.4% 6.9% -----
3.1% 13.3% 6.5% 4.6%
3.7% 8.1% 3.8% 4.6%
3.0% 13.2% 3.8% 6.8%
5.3% 13.9% 4.7% 6.7%
5.2% 4.8% 5.0% 6.2%
6.6% 6.0% 4.1% 6.7%
4.7% 8.8% 6.5% 7.1%
3.7% 10.6% 5.6% 5.4%
--2.8% -----
---------
----0.0% 0.0%
4.5%
4.2%
6.4%
2.3%
5.2%
5.2%
3.5%
6.2%
5.3%
4.1%
6.2%
---
4.6%
---
4.7% 6.2% 5.7%
6.5% 7.3% 4.2%
4.1% 6.4% 5.0%
5.0% 7.7% 6.4%
5.7% 2.9% 5.2%
3.7% 5.2% 4.6%
5.4% 7.2% 6.8%
4.9% 5.8% 5.1%
4.1% 4.6% 5.1%
4.0% 5.4% 4.4%
3.3% 5.9% 5.8%
----5.0%
11.8% 3.8% 4.6%
16.1% --13.5%
Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey

Table 14 Profit Margin Rate by Trade Group and Province
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Gross Margin by Trade Group for 2003

CA
New Car Dealers 12.3% Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 22.0% Furniture stores 38.7% Home Furnishings Stores 39.7% Computer and Software Stores 24.7% Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 30.7% Home Centres and Hardware Stores 28.5% Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 29.6% Supermarkets 24.5% Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 25.0% Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 46.6% Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 30.5% Gasoline Stations 23.8% Clothing Stores 44.6% Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 46.3% Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 37.0% Department stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 25.7% Miscellaneous Store Retailers 41.2% Total 26.1% Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
NL
9.0%
PE
13.8%
NS
12.7%
NB
12.0%
QC
12.1%
ON
12.7%
MB
12.0%
SK
11.8%
AB
11.3%
BC
12.5%
YT
18.2%
NT
16.8%
NU
0.0%
22.0% 32.6% 34.8% 25.6% 32.2% 27.6%
22.4% 34.0% 35.3% ----25.3%
19.7% 36.0% 35.0% 26.0% 33.2% 27.8%
19.5% 37.5% 33.7% ----29.5%
19.5% 36.4% 40.0% 26.3% 33.3% 27.7%
20.7% 40.8% 41.4% 23.5% 29.9% 28.8%
21.8% 26.1% 37.4% 25.9% 28.8% 27.7%
27.4% 35.5% 37.5% 27.3% 31.2% 27.6%
27.8% 41.4% 36.3% 27.3% 30.1% 29.2%
23.0% 40.6% 39.7% 21.9% 29.5% 28.8%
28.3% -----------
21.7% -----------
38.2% 0.0% 0.0% -------
28.3% 21.4% ----30.5% 23.0% 45.0% 39.4% 37.7%
--23.0% ----28.2% 21.2% ----37.4%
25.1% ------29.0% 26.2% 44.2% 47.0% 35.4%
24.2% 21.1% ----28.5% 19.4% 43.0% 46.6% 35.5%
27.9% 21.5% ----27.9% 26.1% 43.3% 46.2% 35.1%
31.3% 27.1% ----31.4% 24.3% 44.7% 46.4% 37.1%
25.1% 22.0% ----34.8% 17.7% 45.9% 46.6% 38.3%
24.8% 21.2% ----31.6% 21.0% 43.7% 48.5% 37.2%
30.0% 23.0% 29.1% 16.0% 31.3% 23.2% 45.8% 46.7% 35.6%
31.7% 25.8% ----32.5% 23.0% 46.1% 46.1% 40.7%
----------22.3% -------
--20.9% ------------39.6%
0.0% --41.1% ------0.0% 0.0% ---
27.6% 41.3% 23.9%
25.0% 41.9% 25.6%
27.1% 41.8% 26.2%
28.1% 38.5% 23.9%
24.3% 37.8% 24.8%
26.6% 44.2% 27.4%
25.8% 41.6% 24.6%
25.8% 40.9% 24.9%
23.9% 38.9% 24.5%
24.6% 40.8% 27.1%
----29.2%
34.3% 24.3% 26.5%
35.8% --36.5%
Table 15 Gross Margin by Trade Group and Province
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Structures Investment by Retail - 2003 ($000,000) Capital Retail Trade 2894 Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers 81 Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 190 Electronics and Appliance Stores 115 Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers 202 Food and Beverage Stores 1021 Health and Personal Care Stores 86 Gasoline Stations 300 Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores 241 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music 90 General Merchandise Stores 417 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 105 Non-Store Retailers 47 Source: Stat-Can 61-205, March 2005
Table 16 Structures Investment by Retail 2003
Repair 426 53 27 16 44 70 15 69 28 11 45 31 18
Total 3320 134 217 130 246 1091 101 370 269 101 462 136 65
Machinery & Equipment Investment by Retail - 2003 ($000,000) Capital Retail Trade 3753 Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers 389 Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 135 Electronics and Appliance Stores 204 Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers 239 Food and Beverage Stores 973 Health and Personal Care Stores 122 Gasoline Stations 465 Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores 252 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music 109 General Merchandise Stores 513 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 109 Non-Store Retailers 242 Source: Stat-Can 61-205, March 2005
Table 17 Machinery & Equipment Investment by Retail 2003
Repair 637 69 15 8 40 185 20 127 16 10 57 29 61
Total 4390 459 149 212 280 1158 142 592 268 120 570 138 303
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Total Investment by Retail - 2003 ($000,000) Retail Trade Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores Electronics and Appliance Stores Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers Food and Beverage Stores Health and Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Non-Store Retailers Source: Stat-Can 61-205, March 2005
Table 18 Total Investment by Retail 2003
Structures 3320 134 217 130 246 1091 101 370 269 101 462 136 65
M&E 4390 459 149 212 280 1158 142 592 268 120 570 138 303
Total 7710 593 366 343 526 2248 243 961 537 220 1032 273 368
($000,000) Retail Trade Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores Electronics and Appliance Stores Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers Food and Beverage Stores Health and Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Non-Store Retailers Source: Stat-Can 61-205, March 2005
Capital Expenditure by the Retail Sector Actual 2003 Preliminary Actual 2004 Structures M&E Total Structures M&E Total 2894 3753 6647 2701 3959 6660 81 389 471 87 353 440 190 115 202 1021 86 300 241 90 417 105 47 135 204 239 973 122 465 252 109 513 109 242 325 319 442 1994 208 765 493 199 930 214 289 126 132 140 1056 82 313 306 67 225 106 61 141 246 186 1194 111 542 238 124 475 94 255 268 378 326 2251 193 855 544 191 699 201 316
Intentions 2005 Structures M&E Total 2792 3983 6775 91 346 437 101 169 145 1133 83 304 288 86 191 107 94 138 257 191 1280 114 481 237 133 429 119 259 239 426 336 2413 197 785 525 219 620 226 353
Table 19 Capital Expenditure by the Retail Sector
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Capital And Repair Investment in Retail - 2003 Structures ($000,000) Capital Repair Retail Trade 2894 426 Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers 81 53 Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 190 27 Electronics and Appliance Stores 115 16 Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers 202 44 Food and Beverage Stores 1021 70 Health and Personal Care Stores 86 15 Gasoline Stations 300 69 Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores 241 28 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music 90 11 General Merchandise Stores 417 45 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 105 31 Non-Store Retailers 47 18 Source: Stat-Can 61-205, March 2005
Table 20 Capital and Repair Investment in Retail 2003
Machinery and Equip. Capital Repair 3753 637 389 69 135 15 204 8 239 40 973 185 122 20 465 127 252 16 109 10 513 57 109 29 242 61
Total 7710 593 366 343 526 2248 243 961 537 220 1032 273 368
Labour Costs by Trade Group ($000,000) 1999 New Car Dealers 3,609 Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 1,151 Furniture stores 920 Home Furnishings Stores 577 Computer and Software Stores 251 Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 734 Home Centres and Hardware Stores 1,256 Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 642 Supermarkets 5,129 Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 1,270 Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 810 Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 2,642 Gasoline Stations 1,671 Clothing Stores 1,994 Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 787 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 1,237 Department Stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 3,595 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 1,670 Total 29,944 Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
Table 21 Labour Costs by Trade Group
2000 3,885 1,282 1,001 584 386 935 1,432 780 5,249 1,389 854 2,857 1,813 2,305 851 1,331 3,595 1,759 32,286
2001 4,255 1,293 961 607 271 1,003 1,440 640 5,439 1,255 918 2,775 1,775 2,343 837 1,209 3,807 1,685 32,512
2002 4,527 1,653 1,218 724 320 1,213 1,403 736 5,934 1,436 1,140 3,190 1,906 2,515 898 1,540 3,999 1,910 36,262
2003 4,567 1,654 1,329 775 318 1,323 1,590 742 6,317 1,519 1,264 3,362 1,757 2,557 897 1,493 4,289 1,903 37,658
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Labour Costs as a share of Operating Revenue by Trade Group % 1999 2000 2001 New Car Dealers 5.4% 5.6% 5.9% Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 9.6% 9.5% 9.3% Furniture stores 14.7% 14.7% 13.2% Home Furnishings Stores 17.1% 16.1% 15.1% Computer and Software Stores 10.3% 13.7% 9.9% Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 12.4% 13.9% 13.6% Home Centres and Hardware Stores 12.8% 13.6% 12.6% Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 15.2% 15.9% 14.4% Supermarkets 11.0% 10.5% 10.6% Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 11.6% 11.1% 10.8% Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 8.3% 8.3% 8.1% Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 14.1% 15.0% 13.6% Gasoline Stations 7.6% 6.7% 6.1% Clothing Stores 15.3% 16.5% 15.8% Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 18.2% 17.4% 17.0% Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 14.3% 15.1% 13.6% Department Stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 10.8% 10.2% 10.2% Miscellaneous Store Retailers 17.1% 17.4% 16.5% Total 10.4% 10.4% 10.1% Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
Table 22 Labour Costs as a share of Operating Revenue by Type
2002 5.9% 10.6% 15.4% 16.6% 13.1% 14.9% 10.3% 15.3% 10.9% 11.8% 9.2% 14.5% 6.5% 16.7% 17.5% 16.5% 10.2% 17.7% 10.6%
2003 6.0% 10.5% 15.9% 16.4% 13.1% 14.6% 10.2% 14.5% 11.1% 11.9% 9.6% 14.5% 5.5% 16.5% 17.8% 15.9% 10.5% 17.0% 10.6%
Labour Costs as a share of Operating Expenses by Trade Group % 1999 2000 2001 New Car Dealers 52.6% 53.7% 57.6% Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 51.5% 53.8% 51.3% Furniture stores 48.5% 49.4% 44.7% Home Furnishings Stores 49.2% 49.7% 47.7% Computer and Software Stores 54.6% 57.6% 52.5% Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 43.2% 52.1% 55.1% Home Centres and Hardware Stores 55.3% 56.5% 55.6% Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 49.3% 55.1% 52.9% Supermarkets 52.4% 52.9% 51.8% Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 48.6% 48.8% 50.6% Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 61.3% 59.7% 58.2% Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 53.3% 53.7% 53.7% Gasoline Stations 46.5% 45.7% 45.1% Clothing Stores 39.1% 41.8% 42.3% Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 44.3% 45.3% 38.8% Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 45.6% 47.7% 45.8% Department Stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 52.0% 44.8% 52.7% Miscellaneous Store Retailers 43.9% 47.3% 43.7% Total 49.5% 49.9% 50.4% Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
Table 23 Labour Costs as a share of Operating Expenses by Type
2002 57.8% 56.4% 47.9% 49.7% 56.9% 54.5% 56.1% 56.7% 55.2% 54.1% 66.2% 56.6% 49.3% 42.7% 45.4% 50.3% 49.4% 46.8% 52.5%
2003 56.3% 55.8% 47.9% 48.5% 56.4% 52.9% 55.0% 56.6% 54.8% 54.0% 65.5% 55.4% 44.9% 41.4% 44.7% 48.9% 50.3% 48.6% 51.8%
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Sales and Income Disposable Income 1999 2004 %GR Canada 19,610 23,203 3.4% Newfoundland and Labrador 15,719 19,485 4.4% Prince Edward Island 16,662 19,746 3.5% Nova Scotia 18,016 21,323 3.4% New Brunswick 17,562 20,383 3.0% Quebec 17,899 21,475 3.7% Ontario 21,218 24,354 2.8% Manitoba 18,505 21,339 2.9% Saskatchewan 17,258 21,183 4.2% Alberta 20,943 26,884 5.1% British Columbia 19,300 22,364 3.0% Yukon 24,871 31,516 4.8% Northwest Territories 25,878 34,047 5.6% Nunavut 22,815 26,667 3.2% Source: Statistics Canada 13-213 - May 2005 Per Capita
Table 24 Sales and Income
Retail Sales 1999 2004 %GR 8,931 10,853 4.0% 8,317 11,132 6.0% 8,787 10,036 2.7% 9,224 10,989 3.6% 9,281 10,603 2.7% 8,477 10,409 4.2% 9,093 10,416 2.8% 7,826 9,993 5.0% 7,836 10,311 5.6% 9,974 13,545 6.3% 9,068 11,253 4.4% 11,097 13,710 4.3% 8,951 12,116 6.2% 7,074 7,767 1.9%
Personal Disposable Income Per Capita $/Person 1999 2000 2001 2002 Canada 19,610 20,840 21,517 22,079 Newfoundland and Labrador 15,719 16,553 17,429 17,944 Prince Edward Island 16,662 17,794 17,978 18,927 Nova Scotia 18,016 18,764 19,458 19,984 New Brunswick 17,562 18,282 18,852 19,312 Quebec 17,899 18,915 19,591 20,374 Ontario 21,218 22,706 23,047 23,466 Manitoba 18,505 19,269 19,933 20,372 Saskatchewan 17,258 18,043 18,566 19,136 Alberta 20,943 22,559 24,658 25,129 British Columbia 19,300 20,278 20,774 21,366 Yukon 24,871 27,433 28,400 30,333 Northwest Territories 25,878 28,325 31,293 32,390 Nunavut 22,815 23,429 24,536 25,345 Source: Statistics Canada 13-213 - May 2005
Table 25 Personal Disposable Income Per Capita
2003 22,538 18,792 19,131 20,657 19,892 20,937 23,802 20,691 19,899 25,654 21,736 29,935 33,095 26,379
2004 23,203 19,485 19,746 21,323 20,383 21,475 24,354 21,339 21,183 26,884 22,364 31,516 34,047 26,667
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Selected Household Statistics by Income Quintile All Lowest Second Third No. households ('000) 11803 2361 2361 2361 Household size 2.55 1.56 2.16 2.55 Number of children aged less than 5 0.12 0.06 0.11 0.13 Number of children aged 5 to 14 years 0.32 0.13 0.25 0.33 Number of youths aged 15 to 19 years 0.19 0.07 0.12 0.16 Number of youths aged 20 to 24 years 0.16 0.06 0.09 0.14 Number of adults aged 25 to 64 years 1.44 0.74 1.07 1.51 Number of seniors aged 65 years and over 0.32 0.50 0.52 0.29 Number of part-time earners 0.63 0.31 0.54 0.66 Number of full-time earners 0.83 0.08 0.45 0.83 Household income before tax 61782 15199 31908 50274 Other money receipts 1721 1449 1869 1223 Money flows - assets, loans and other debts 2442 -3320 -1547 -711 Shares of Households Homeowner on December 31 0.68 0.38 0.56 0.69 Automobile or truck owners on December 31 0.79 0.49 0.79 0.84 One-person households 0.24 0.62 0.29 0.20 Couple households 0.60 0.21 0.50 0.61 Lone-parent households 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.12 With no full-time earner 0.41 0.92 0.59 0.31 With one full-time earner 0.37 0.08 0.38 0.56 With two or more full-time earners 0.22 F 0.03 0.14 With wife employed full time 0.23 0.01 0.06 0.17 With husband employed full time 0.36 0.02 0.14 0.34 Age of reference person 50 58 53 48 Under 25 years 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 25 to 44 years 0.38 0.23 0.35 0.43 45 to 64 years 0.40 0.33 0.32 0.39 65 years or older 0.20 0.41 0.31 0.16 Source: Survey of Household Spending in 2003
Table 26 Selected Household Statistics by Income Quintile
Fourth 2361 3.02 0.17 0.42 0.23 0.19 1.82 0.19 0.75 1.23 74837 1566 3081 0.83 0.90 0.08 0.80 0.06 0.16 0.48 0.36 0.35 0.58 46 0.01 0.49 0.42 0.08
Highest 2361 3.45 0.12 0.48 0.36 0.30 2.06 0.13 0.90 1.56 136691 2496 14707 0.93 0.92 0.04 0.90 0.02 0.08 0.37 0.55 0.54 0.74 47 0.01 0.39 0.55 0.05
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Relationships in Household Spending - 2003 Top Quintile / Bottom Top / Average Household income before tax 8.99 2.21 Retail Related Expenditure 4.71 1.78 Food purchased from stores 2.51 1.45 Household cleaning supplies 2.43 1.42 Household furnishings 6.75 2.20 Household appliances 4.28 1.70 Women's and Girls' wear (4 years and over) 7.15 2.12 Men's and Boys' wear (4 years and over) 7.84 2.06 Purchase of automobiles and trucks 10.76 1.92 Gasoline and other fuels 5.90 1.73 Personal care supplies and equipment 3.67 1.61 Recreation equipment and associated services 8.16 2.03 Home entertainment equipment and services 6.60 1.88 Reading materials and other printed matter 4.40 1.85 Source: Survey of Household Spending in 2003
Table 27 Relationships in Household Spending 2003
Average Value 61,782 18,518 5,271 237 842 360 1,274 900 2,873 1,717 405 1,027 537 283
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Selected Household Expenditure Statistics by Income Quintile All Lowest Second Third Household income before tax 61782 15199 31908 50274 Total expenditure 61152 20230 35750 52615 Total current consumption 43755 18742 29565 40257 Retail Related Expenditure 18518 7004 12184 17249 Food purchased from stores 5271 3047 4305 5170 Pet food 172 79 123 179 Purchase of pet related goods 35 15 22 37 Household cleaning supplies 237 138 194 229 Paper, plastic and foil household supplies 264 153 219 259 Household furnishings 842 274 443 654 Household appliances 360 143 246 355 Home and workshop tools and equipment 115 24 66 111 Lawn, garden and snow-removal tools and equipment 104 30 83 84 Women's and Girls' wear (4 years and over) 1274 377 710 1049 Men's and Boys' wear (4 years and over) 900 237 517 768 Children's wear (under 4 years) 89 33 55 82 Clothing material (excluding household textiles) 20 7 18 14 Notions 18 11 16 17 Purchase of automobiles and trucks 2873 514 1535 2751 Leasing fees for automobiles and trucks 585 122 210 482 Gasoline and other fuels 1717 505 1129 1695 Tires, batteries, and other automotive parts and supplies 232 74 150 229 Health care supplies 34 29 30 29 Prescribed 268 226 320 274 Other medicines and pharmaceutical products 155 96 123 152 Prescription eye wear 121 63 91 108 Other eye care goods 21 6 11 17 Personal care supplies and equipment 405 178 293 383 Recreation equipment and associated services 1027 255 518 907 Purchase of recreation vehicles 395 42 175 302 Home entertainment equipment and services 537 153 314 528 Reading materials and other printed matter 283 119 194 254 Educational Supplies 60 16 29 51 Textbooks 104 38 45 79 Tobacco products and alcoholic beverages 1489 763 1173 1533 Retail Related Share of Current Exp. 42.3% 37.4% 41.2% 42.8% Retail Related Share of Total Exp. 30.3% 34.6% 34.1% 32.8% Retail Related Share of Income 30.0% 46.1% 38.2% 34.3% Source: Survey of Household Spending in 2003
Table 28 Selected Household Expenditure Statistics
Fourth 74837 73776 53147 23193 6187 219 46 285 315 992 443 162 149 1536 1123 133 32 22 4035 648 2277 324 39 252 178 139 27 516 1374 550 678 325 72 115 1750 43.6% 31.4% 31.0%
Highest 136691 123391 77065 32961 7648 261 56 336 373 1850 612 214 176 2697 1857 141 31 26 5529 1465 2978 384 41 266 223 203 46 654 2082 907 1010 524 129 242 2229 42.8% 26.7% 24.1%
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Incidence of Purchases of Selected Goods All Lowest Food purchased from stores 100% 100% Pet food 51% 36% Purchase of pet related goods 30% 20% Household cleaning supplies 98% 97% Paper, plastic and foil household supplies 98% 96% Household furnishings 71% 50% Household appliances 74% 56% Home and workshop tools and equipment 39% 17% Lawn, garden and snow-removal tools and equipment 38% 15% Women's and Girls' wear (4 years and over) 89% 73% Jewellery and watches 34% 14% Men's and Boys' wear (4 years and over) 88% 66% Children's wear (under 4 years) 36% 20% Clothing material (excluding household textiles) 11% 7% Notions 26% 20% Purchase of automobiles and trucks 22% 9% Leasing fees for automobiles and trucks 11% 2% Gasoline and other fuels 84% 52% Tires, batteries, and other automotive parts and supplies 50% 25% Health care supplies 39% 26% Prescribed 65% 60% Other medicines and pharmaceutical products 84% 73% Prescription eye wear 37% 24% Other eye care goods 23% 11% Personal care supplies and equipment 97% 94% Recreation equipment and associated services 85% 60% Computer equipment and supplies 49% 20% Purchase of recreation vehicles 17% 7% Home entertainment equipment and services 80% 53% Televisions, VCRs, camcorders and other television/video components 32% 18% Reading materials and other printed matter 84% 68% Educational Supplies 29% 15% Textbooks 20% 10% Tobacco products and alcoholic beverages 85% 66% Source: Survey of Household Spending in 2003
Table 29 Incidence of Purchases of Selected Goods
Second 100% 42% 24% 97% 98% 64% 70% 29% 28% 87% 25% 84% 30% 10% 25% 20% 6% 84% 45% 34% 69% 81% 30% 15% 97% 81% 33% 13% 73% 25% 80% 20% 12% 81%
Third 100% 53% 31% 98% 99% 72% 78% 41% 38% 90% 33% 93% 37% 11% 25% 25% 11% 91% 54% 39% 69% 86% 35% 22% 98% 92% 50% 17% 84% 32% 86% 29% 18% 87%
Fourth 100% 59% 37% 98% 99% 80% 81% 53% 49% 96% 43% 97% 48% 14% 31% 27% 14% 97% 63% 46% 68% 89% 42% 30% 99% 96% 64% 24% 90% 40% 90% 36% 25% 92%
Highest 100% 63% 39% 98% 99% 87% 86% 57% 60% 99% 53% 99% 46% 13% 32% 30% 22% 99% 62% 51% 62% 91% 52% 38% 99% 98% 75% 25% 97% 47% 96% 46% 37% 96%
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Average Expenditure of Reporting Households on Selected Goods All Lowest Second Third Food purchased from stores 5,272 3,048 4,305 5,170 Pet food 340 222 291 336 Purchase of pet related goods 117 75 93 120 Household cleaning supplies 242 143 201 234 Paper, plastic and foil household supplies 269 159 224 263 Household furnishings 1,193 542 688 910 Household appliances 484 253 351 458 Home and workshop tools and equipment 293 140 227 271 Lawn, garden and snow-removal tools and equipment 274 197 298 222 Women's and Girls' wear (4 years and over) 1,433 515 818 1,167 Jewellery and watches 328 127 214 194 Men's and Boys' wear (4 years and over) 1,026 360 613 824 Children's wear (under 4 years) 244 162 180 222 Clothing material (excluding household textiles) 185 92 185 133 Notions 69 54 66 69 Purchase of automobiles and trucks 13,052 6,080 7,671 11,249 Leasing fees for automobiles and trucks 5,423 6,427 3,541 4,533 Gasoline and other fuels 2,035 976 1,352 1,854 Tires, batteries, and other automotive parts and supplies 469 302 335 429 Health care supplies 85 109 90 74 Prescribed 409 376 465 399 Other medicines and pharmaceutical products 184 133 152 177 Prescription eye wear 330 262 305 307 Other eye care goods 92 58 68 79 Personal care supplies and equipment 417 190 302 392 Recreation equipment and associated services 1,203 422 641 987 Computer equipment and supplies 671 451 507 606 Purchase of recreation vehicles 2,344 619 1,405 1,792 Home entertainment equipment and services 675 288 427 629 Televisions, VCRs, camcorders and other television/video components 323 419 577 591 Reading materials and other printed matter 337 175 242 294 Educational Supplies 206 112 144 179 Textbooks 509 406 367 433 Tobacco products and alcoholic beverages 1,758 1,154 1,440 1,755 Source: Survey of Household Spending in 2003
Table 30 Average Expenditure of Reporting Households
Fourth 6,187 371 125 291 320 1,247 547 305 302 1,601 296 1,164 277 228 70 14,872 4,758 2,358 516 84 372 200 330 88 523 1,432 639 2,315 750 607 360 203 455 1,896
Highest 7,648 412 142 341 378 2,131 709 375 293 2,732 540 1,877 307 234 81 18,430 6,693 3,020 622 80 430 244 392 122 662 2,130 871 3,706 1,044 776 548 282 659 2,311
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Median Expenditure of Reporting Households on Selected Goods All Lowest Second Third Food purchased from stores 4,850 2,600 3,990 5,000 Pet food 240 144 200 240 Purchase of pet related goods 72 50 60 80 Household cleaning supplies 200 100 150 192 Paper, plastic and foil household supplies 213 120 180 210 Household furnishings 500 150 290 400 Household appliances 175 75 115 160 Home and workshop tools and equipment 125 59 100 100 Lawn, garden and snow-removal tools and equipment 100 50 50 75 Women's and Girls' wear (4 years and over) 900 320 590 810 Jewellery and watches 100 50 70 80 Men's and Boys' wear (4 years and over) 700 220 434 620 Children's wear (under 4 years) 100 100 100 100 Clothing material (excluding household textiles) 100 50 65 80 Notions 30 20 25 28 Purchase of automobiles and trucks 10,000 2,500 4,500 9,565 Leasing fees for automobiles and trucks 4,513 4,120 3,600 4,104 Gasoline and other fuels 1,560 780 1,080 1,560 Tires, batteries, and other automotive parts and supplies 300 200 220 300 Health care supplies 30 20 20 25 Prescribed 200 200 235 200 Other medicines and pharmaceutical products 100 50 96 100 Prescription eye wear 265 240 250 250 Other eye care goods 50 30 40 50 Personal care supplies and equipment 295 120 210 300 Recreation equipment and associated services 695 159 320 555 Computer equipment and supplies 250 155 175 220 Purchase of recreation vehicles 300 120 185 250 Home entertainment equipment and services 370 165 240 332 Televisions, VCRs, camcorders and other television/video components 200 210 270 300 Reading materials and other printed matter 232 108 177 230 Educational Supplies 110 90 100 100 Textbooks 300 300 200 250 Tobacco products and alcoholic beverages 1,000 600 723 1,036 Source: Survey of Household Spending in 2003
Table 31 Median Expenditure on Selected Goods
Fourth 5,740 250 75 240 252 600 225 150 100 1,225 105 910 150 100 30 12,500 4,560 2,040 400 30 166 100 275 50 390 975 240 300 461 300 260 125 250 1,060
Highest 7,200 240 100 250 300 1,150 300 200 100 1,940 200 1,450 200 140 35 15,700 5,500 2,600 435 50 200 144 300 80 500 1,550 360 500 603 350 400 200 500 1,436
Home Renovation by Income Quintile All Lowest Additions, renovations and alterations: contract, labour and material cost 1327 342 Incidence 22.8% 8.2% Avg. Expend Reporting 5825 4177 Median Expend. Reporting 2850 1400 New installations of equipment and fixtures: contract, labour and material cost 118 20 Incidence 6.1% 1.5% Avg. Expend Reporting 1944 1269 Median Expend. Reporting 1000 700 Source: Survey of Household Spending in 2003
Table 32 Home Renovation Expenditure
Second 483 14.0% 3441 2260 52 4.0% 1279 721
Third 1101 22.3% 4943 2000 82 5.6% 1460 1000
Fourth 1663 31.6% 5258 3000 174 9.0% 1944 1000
Highest 3048 37.8% 8061 3403 265 10.3% 2571 1500
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Import Shares for Key Retail-Type Manufacturing Domestic Market NAICS Industry Recent years Selected 4-digit NAICS 2000 2001 2002 2003 3141 Textile Furnishings Mills 47% 52% 55% 56% 3151 Clothing Knitting Mills 62% 62% 61% 55% 3152 Cut and Sew Clothing Manuf. 49% 52% 55% 56% Clothing Accessories and Other Clothing 3159 Manuf. 77% 88% 94% 82% 3162 Footwear Manuf. 81% 83% 89% 86% 3169 Other Leather and Allied Product Manuf. 90% 83% 79% 86% 3352 Household Appliance Manuf. 74% 74% 80% 79% Household and Institutional Furniture and 3371 Kitchen Cabinet Manuf. 31% 32% 33% 32% 3372 Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manuf. 75% 58% 60% 59% 3379 Other Furniture-Related Product Manuf. 13% 12% 13% 13% Selected 6-Digit NAICS 2000 2001 2002 2003 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manuf. 105% 105% 107% 106% 335120 Lighting Fixture Manuf. 60% 55% 59% 57% 335210 Small Electrical Appliance Manuf. 112% 117% 142% 150% 335223 Major Kitchen Appliance Manuf. 51% 53% 56% 56% 335229 Other Major Appliance Manuf. 72% 67% 70% 65% 339910 Jewellery and Silverware Manuf. 199% 71% 73% 72% 339920 Sporting and Athletic Goods Manuf. 76% 77% 71% 69% 339930 Doll, Toy and Game Manuf. 104% 105% 111% 114% 339940 Office Supplies (except Paper) Manuf. 77% 81% 75% 76% 339950 Sign Manuf. 10% 9% 9% 10% Source: Statistics Canada, Strategis, retrieved June 10, 2005 Note: Apparent inconsistencies exist because shipments and trade data are collected by Statistics Canada from different sources with obvious inconsistencies in classification or other issues.
Table 33 Import Shares for Key Markets
Chinese Share of Imports For Selected Sectors Industry 2000 2001 Textile Furnishings Mills 12.7% 13.8% Clothing Knitting Mills 13.3% 13.8% Cut and Sew Clothing Manuf. 33.0% 35.5% Clothing Accessories and Other Clothing 3159 Manuf. 55.6% 57.4% 3162 Footwear Manuf. 70.9% 72.6% 3169 Other Leather and Allied Product Manuf. 62.2% 65.2% 3352 Household Appliance Manuf. 18.0% 21.9% Household and Institutional Furniture and 3371 Kitchen Cabinet Manuf. 22.3% 28.1% 3372 Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manuf. 2.7% 4.3% 3379 Other Furniture-Related Product Manuf. 26.1% 29.4% Source: Statistics Canada, Strategis, retrieved June 10, 2005 NAICS Selected 4-digit NAICS 3141 3151 3152
Table 34 Chinese Share of Imports for Selected Sectors
2002 18.0% 17.3% 43.0% 60.9% 73.9% 67.3% 25.8% 35.2% 7.1% 33.1%
2003 22.2% 20.1% 43.7% 65.0% 77.2% 66.6% 30.2% 40.3% 9.8% 36.4%
2004 26.9% 26.2% 47.3% 66.8% 80.0% 67.7% 33.5% 46.8% 9.7% 35.0%
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Chains Non Chains Franchises Independents Unclassified Total
1999 40,091 144,463 12,488 45,863 86,112 184,554
Store Counts for Canada 2000 2001 42,134 40,765 149,722 152,968 10,721 10,283 38,243 37,988 100,758 104,697 191,856 193,733
2002 41,681 159,155 7,521 28,637 122,997 200,836
2003 41,498 158,454 3,938 12,478 142,038 199,952
Table 35 Store Counts for Canada
Store Counts by Region 1999 2003 Canada 184,554 199,952 Newfoundland and Labrador 3,991 3,761 Prince Edward Island 1,008 1,020 Nova Scotia 5,820 5,993 New Brunswick 4,608 4,945 Qubec 48,242 48,955 Ontario 65,836 74,706 Manitoba 6,146 6,352 Saskatchewan 6,097 6,351 Alberta 18,099 20,311 British Columbia 24,199 27,020 Yukon 231 221 Northwest Territories 211 240 Nunavut 66 77
Change 15,398 230 12 173 337 713 8,870 206 254 2,212 2,821 10 29 11
%Change 2.0% -1.5% 0.3% 0.7% 1.8% 0.4% 3.2% 0.8% 1.0% 2.9% 2.8% -1.1% 3.3% 3.9%
Table 36 Store Counts by Province
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Store Counts by Trade Group 1999 2000 New Car Dealers 3597 3670 Used and Recreational Motor Vehicle and Parts Deal 12938 13259 Furniture stores 4163 4257 Home Furnishings Stores 5576 5828 Computer and Software Stores 4094 4080 Home Electronics and Appliance Stores 7146 7433 Home Centres and Hardware Stores 3938 4210 Specialized Building Materials and Garden Stores 4595 4613 Supermarkets 9553 10010 Convenience and Specialty Food Stores 18249 19869 Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 3066 2995 Pharmacies and Personal Care Stores 13039 13547 Gasoline Stations 18966 19554 Clothing Stores 19635 20651 Shoe, Jewellery and Luggage Stores 9149 10181 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 13450 13320 Department stores & Other General Merchandise Stores 8397 8776 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 25003 25603 Total 184554 191856 Source: Annual Retail Trade Survey
Table 37 Store Counts by Type
2001 3754 13570 4352 6358 4188 7510 4352 4766 10323 19692 3205 13603 19327 20524 9732 13505 8870 26102 193733
2002 3942 14659 4325 6793 4711 8154 4385 5358 10479 20202 3104 14119 20370 20064 10124 13729 8950 27368 200836
2003 3944 15035 4417 6826 5042 8170 4478 5477 10711 20504 3210 13531 19211 19842 10049 13269 9431 26805 199952
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Fastest Growing Urban Markets Chain Locations 2001 2003 %Growth Abbotsford 178 192 3.9% Kitchener 587 631 3.7% Halifax 680 719 2.8% Windsor 399 419 2.5% Saint John 193 202 2.3% St. John's 326 341 2.3% Saskatoon 398 414 2.0% Montreal 4429 4569 1.6% Edmonton 1647 1691 1.3% Ottawa (without Gatineau) 1261 1292 1.2% Toronto 5445 5549 1.0% Calgary 1614 1636 0.7% Sherbrooke 273 276 0.5% Vancouver 2639 2663 0.5% Winnipeg 1030 1038 0.4%
Table 38 Fastest Growing Urban Markets - Chain Locations
Top 15 Markets by Chain Locations Market 2001 2003 %Growth Toronto 5445 5549 1.0% Montreal 4429 4569 1.6% Vancouver 2639 2663 0.5% Edmonton 1647 1691 1.3% Calgary 1614 1636 0.7% Quebec 1308 1316 0.3% Ottawa (without Gatineau) 1261 1292 1.2% Winnipeg 1030 1038 0.4% Hamilton 947 954 0.4% London 729 725 -0.3% Halifax 680 719 2.8% St. Catharines - Niagara 643 627 -1.3% Kitchener 587 631 3.7% Victoria 526 521 -0.5% Windsor 399 419 2.5%
Table 39 Top 15 Markets by Chain Locations
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Monthly Retail Trade by Trade Group ($BN) 2000 All retail trade groups 287.8 Total excluding new, used and recreational motor vehicle and parts dealers 213.9 New car dealers 61.0 Used and recreational motor vehicle and parts dealers 12.9 Gasoline stations 26.7 Furniture stores 6.5 Home furnishings stores 3.0 Computer and software stores 2.2 Home electronics and appliance stores 7.0 Home centres and hardware stores 10.1 Specialized building materials and garden stores 3.5 Supermarkets 49.7 Convenience and specialty food stores 7.3 Beer, wine and liquor stores 11.1 Pharmacies and personal care stores 17.9 Clothing stores 13.5 Shoe, clothing accessories and jewellery stores 4.7 Department stores 17.7 Other general merchandise stores 17.5 Sporting goods, hobby, music and book stores 7.9 Miscellaneous store retailers 7.8 Note: North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), 2002. 0.0 Sources: Statistics Canada, CANSIM, 63-005-XIB.
Table 40 Retail Trade by Trade Group
2001 300.4 222.9 63.5 14.0 27.0 6.8 3.2 2.0 7.5 10.7 3.8 51.5 7.6 11.9 19.0 14.0 4.8 19.0 17.6 8.2 8.2 0.0
2002 319.5 236.1 69.2 14.3 28.1 7.5 3.7 2.0 8.4 12.5 4.2 54.3 7.7 12.7 20.4 14.2 4.9 20.1 18.3 8.5 8.5 0.0
2003 331.1 248.6 68.2 14.4 30.0 7.9 4.0 1.9 9.1 14.6 4.3 56.9 8.4 13.3 21.3 14.6 4.9 20.8 19.2 8.7 8.9 0.0
2004 346.7 264.0 68.1 14.6 33.4 8.5 4.4 1.6 9.4 16.6 4.4 59.8 8.8 13.8 22.8 15.3 4.9 21.8 20.3 8.8 9.4 0.0
Retail Sales Per Capita $/Person 1999 2000 2001 Canada 8,931 9,379 9,685 Newfoundland and Labrador 8,317 9,015 9,964 Prince Edward Island 8,787 9,368 9,672 Nova Scotia 9,224 9,589 9,955 New Brunswick 9,281 9,696 9,997 Quebec 8,477 8,868 9,187 Ontario 9,093 9,542 9,606 Manitoba 7,826 8,140 8,582 Saskatchewan 7,836 8,293 8,726 Alberta 9,974 10,562 11,305 British Columbia 9,068 9,516 9,985 Yukon 11,097 11,967 12,667 Northwest Territories 8,951 9,775 10,415 Nunavut 7,074 7,214 7,464 Source: Statistics Canada 13-213 - May 2005
Table 41 Retail Sales Per Capita
2002 10,185 10,418 9,993 10,524 10,383 9,683 9,998 9,144 9,427 12,087 10,514 13,800 12,317 7,828
2003 10,459 11,073 10,095 10,700 10,422 10,054 10,208 9,426 9,918 12,446 10,699 13,613 12,667 8,034
2004 10,853 11,132 10,036 10,989 10,603 10,409 10,416 9,993 10,311 13,545 11,253 13,710 12,116 7,767
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Sales of Commodities By Large Retailers ($millions) 2000 2001 Total commodities 73,735 78,103 Food 23,039 23,764 Non-alcoholic beverages 1,656 1,710 Alcoholic beverages 295 358 Drugs (prescription and over-the-counter), vitamins and other health supplements 2,747 3,174 Women's clothing and accessories 6,728 7,070 Men's clothing and accessories 3,875 3,902 Footwear 1,271 1,334 Indoor furniture 1,941 2,104 Household appliances 1,947 2,132 Home electronics, computers and cameras 4,324 4,442 Home furnishings 2,231 2,494 Housewares 3,512 3,691 Hardware and home renovation products 1,545 1,604 Lawn and garden products, equipment and plants 1,352 1,464 Sporting goods 1,314 1,421 Toys, games and hobby supplies 1,147 1,241 Pre-recorded CDs, DVDs, and video and audio tapes 697 746 Books, newspapers and other periodicals 380 416 Automotive fuels, oils and additives 1,517 1,642 Tobacco products and supplies 1,933 2,058 Residual Commodities 10,284 11,334 Source: Statistics Canada, CANSIM
Table 42 Sales of Commodities by Large Retailers
2002 83,043 24,853 1,728 394 3,650 7,287 3,920 1,410 2,324 2,344 4,874 2,625 3,908 1,653 1,526 1,515 1,325 883 411 1,739 2,409 12,263
2003 87,697 26,365 1,724 472 4,175 7,335 3,962 1,491 2,357 2,521 5,257 2,694 4,047 1,711 1,690 1,615 1,416 993 427 1,955 2,584 12,907
2004 93,298 27,931 1,899 559 4,653 7,535 4,061 1,623 2,659 2,707 5,737 2,899 4,152 1,842 1,950 1,646 1,455 1,124 437 2,411 2,501 13,518
Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Source: Labour Force Survey
Employment 2000-2004 Manufacturing 2000 2004 GR Diff 2253.9 2297 0.5% 43.1 15.2 17.2 3.1% 2 6.2 6.2 0.0% 0 42.2 43.2 0.6% 1 40.7 41.7 0.6% 1 631.5 629.3 -0.1% -2.2 1079.5 1109 0.7% 29.5 70 69.1 -0.3% -0.9 28.1 28.7 0.5% 0.6 137.2 144.1 1.2% 6.9 203.4 208.4 0.6% 5
2000 1756.9 29.1 8.6 57.7 43.7 410.3 667.1 60 57.8 186.2 236.3
Retail 2004 GR 1922.2 2.3% 33.4 3.5% 8.8 0.6% 59.5 0.8% 43.3 -0.2% 471.6 3.5% 723.9 2.1% 66.2 2.5% 59 0.5% 203 2.2% 253.6 1.8%
Diff 165.3 4.3 0.2 1.8 -0.4 61.3 56.8 6.2 1.2 16.8 17.3
Table 43 Employment Gain 2000 to 2004
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Retail Employment Male Female (000) Full-time Part-time Full-time Part-time 1987 609 145 472 337 1988 630 155 488 352 1989 632 159 497 338 1990 628 161 503 354 1991 605 169 503 364 1992 614 172 494 347 1993 604 172 481 360 1994 604 177 496 366 1995 623 164 503 365 1996 625 169 492 376 1997 634 167 496 376 1998 619 169 524 373 1999 615 180 518 388 2000 627 183 563 384 2001 640 195 576 401 2002 656 200 577 423 2003 664 205 577 442 2004 674 208 605 436 Source: Labour Force Survey
Table 44 Retail Employment Over Time
Role of Women and Part-Time 1987 1995 2000 2004 Share of Females Working Part-time All Ind. 27.2% 28.5% 27.2% 27.2% Retail 41.6% 42.1% 40.6% 41.9% Share of 15-24 Working Part-time All Ind. 32.5% 45.1% 43.6% 44.7% Retail 49.1% 58.6% 61.6% 61.4% Source: LFS
Table 45 Role of Women and Part-time
Prevalence of Female and Part-Time Employment 1987 1995 2000 2004 Share of Sector Employment All Industry - Part-time 16.7% 18.8% 18.1% 18.5% All Ind. - 15-24 20.9% 15.8% 15.5% 15.4% All Ind. - 15-24 Part-time 6.8% 7.1% 6.8% 6.9% All Ind. - Female 43.0% 45.4% 46.0% 46.8% All Ind. - Female - Part-time 11.7% 12.9% 12.5% 12.7% Retail - Part-time 30.8% 32.0% 32.3% 33.5% Retail - 15-24 36.3% 30.7% 30.9% 32.4% Retail - 15-24 Part-time 17.8% 18.0% 19.0% 19.9% Retail - Female 51.8% 52.4% 53.9% 54.1% Retail - Female - Part-time 21.5% 22.0% 21.9% 22.7% Source: LFS
Table 46 Prevalence of Female and Part-time Employment
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Total Employment in Retail (000) 1997 1998 1999 Total Retail 1673 1685 1701 A-Automotive 259 263 252 B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 116 115 126 C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 107 112 92 D-Food And Beverage Stores 408 398 431 E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 113 113 111 F-Clothing And Accessories 168 175 172 G-General Merchandise Stores 245 243 247 H-Miscellaneous Retailers 200 208 208 L-Non-store Retailers 55 58 61 Source: LFS Special Tabulation
Table 47 Total Employment in Retail by Sector
2000 1757 265 132 96 454 122 172 254 214 48
2001 1812 264 129 109 458 133 181 258 229 52
2002 1855 268 143 119 458 140 189 278 209 50
2003 1887 274 144 113 485 133 184 280 224 51
2004 1922 275 135 120 487 139 204 279 237 48
Self Employment in Retail (000) 1997 1998 1999 Total Retail 250 241 242 A-Automotive 35 30 27 B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 28 26 26 C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 12 10 10 D-Food And Beverage Stores 37 36 39 E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 12 14 10 F-Clothing And Accessories 24 28 23 G-General Merchandise Stores 9 6 8 H-Miscellaneous Retailers 57 58 59 L-Non-store Retailers 36 35 41 Source: LFS Special Tabulation
Table 48 Self-Employment in Retail by Sector
2000 228 31 28 11 35 10 18 8 54 31
2001 220 29 24 12 36 12 19 8 53 27
2002 215 29 26 13 32 14 16 8 48 29
2003 211 27 23 10 36 9 18 8 54 26
2004 214 29 23 9 35 7 19 12 55 26
Self Employment Share in Retail (%) 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total Retail 15.0% 14.3% 14.2% 13.0% A-Automotive 13.3% 11.4% 10.9% 11.8% B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 24.2% 22.8% 20.4% 21.4% C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 11.4% 8.5% 11.3% 11.6% D-Food And Beverage Stores 9.1% 9.0% 9.0% 7.7% E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 10.5% 12.0% 8.6% 8.3% F-Clothing And Accessories 14.2% 15.7% 13.1% 10.6% G-General Merchandise Stores 3.8% 2.6% 3.3% 3.2% H-Miscellaneous Retailers 28.4% 27.7% 28.2% 25.5% L-Non-store Retailers 65.9% 59.2% 66.6% 64.2% Source: LFS Special Tabulation
Table 49 Self-Employment Share in Retail
2001 12.1% 11.1% 18.4% 11.3% 7.8% 8.8% 10.5% 3.0% 23.0% 53.1%
2002 11.6% 10.9% 18.3% 11.2% 7.1% 9.6% 8.2% 2.9% 23.0% 57.9%
2003 11.2% 9.9% 15.9% 8.8% 7.4% 6.7% 10.0% 3.0% 24.2% 51.1%
2004 11.2% 10.6% 17.1% 7.4% 7.1% 5.3% 9.4% 4.2% 23.1% 53.8%
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(000) Total
Total Retail 1922 A-Automotive 275 B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 135 66.3% C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 120 70.6% D-Food And Beverage Stores 487 52.0% E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 139 59.7% F-Clothing And Accessories 204 50.1% G-General Merchandise Stores 279 58.2% HMiscellaneous Retailers 237 44.3% L-Non-store Retailers 48 38.2% Source: LFS Special Tabulation
Structure of Retail Employment - 2004 Share of Total Employees Self-Employed Incorporate Incorporate FullPartwith Paid without Unincorporated Time Time Total Help Paid Help with Paid Help 57.3% 31.5% 11.2% 4.3% 1.5% 1.6% 74.3% 15.0% 10.6% 6.1% 1.4% 1.3%
Unincorporated without Paid Help 3.6% 1.7%
16.6%
17.1%
7.1%
3.0%
2.5%
4.4%
22.0%
7.4%
4.4%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
40.8%
7.1%
3.3%
0.6%
1.7%
1.2%
35.1% 40.4%
5.3% 9.4%
3.4% 4.3%
0.0% 1.4%
0.0% 1.6%
0.0% 2.2%
37.6%
4.2%
1.6%
0.5%
0.6%
1.2%
32.5% 7.8%
23.1% 53.8%
6.1% 3.8%
3.4% 6.5%
3.4% 0.0%
9.9% 41.4%
Table 50 Structure of Retail Employment 2004 - Shares
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(000)
Total
Total Retail 1922 A-Automotive 275 B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 135 90 C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 120 84 D-Food And Beverage Stores 487 253 E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 139 83 F-Clothing And Accessories 204 102 G-General Merchandise Stores 279 162 H-Miscellaneous Retailers 237 105 L-Non-store Retailers 48 18 Source: LFS Special Tabulation
Structure of Retail Employment - 2004 Employees Self-Employed Incorporate Incorporate Full- Partwith Paid without Paid Unincorporated Time Time Total Help Help with Paid Help 1102 606 214 82 28 31 204 41 29 17 4 4
Unincorporated without Paid Help 70 5
23
23
10
26 199
9 35
5 16
0 3
0 9
0 6
49 83
7 19
5 9
0 3
0 3
0 4
105 77 4
12 55 26
4 15 2
2 8 3
2 8 0
3 24 20
Table 51 Structure of Retail Employment 2004
Retail Employment by Class of Worker (000) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total Employment 1673 1685 1701 1757 1812 Employees 1422 1444 1459 1529 1593 Full-Time 934 958 945 1005 1035 Part-Time 489 486 514 525 557 Self Employed 250 241 242 228 220 Incorporate with Paid Help 89 82 85 81 79 Incorporate without Paid Help 21 22 19 24 24 Unincorporated with Paid Help 37 36 36 36 35 Unincorporated without Paid Help 96 94 96 84 80 Unpaid Family Workers 8 8 5 3 3 Source: LFS Special Tabulation
Table 52 Retail Employment by Class of Worker
2002 1855 1640 1058 582 215 78 22 36 75 4
2003 1887 1676 1071 605 211 76 29 29 74 4
2004 1922 1708 1102 606 214 82 28 31 70 3
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Retail Employed Workers - Canada (000) 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total Retail Employed 1422 1444 1459 1529 A-Automotive 225 233 225 234 B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 88 89 101 104 C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 95 103 82 85 D-Food And Beverage Stores 371 362 393 419 E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 101 99 102 112 F-Clothing And Accessories 144 148 149 154 G-General Merchandise Stores 236 237 239 246 H-Miscellaneous Retailers 144 150 149 159 L-Non-Store Retailers 19 24 20 17 Source: LFS Special Tabulation - Employed Workers only
Table 53 Retail Employed Workers
2001 1593 235 105 97 422 121 162 251 177 24
2002 1640 239 117 105 426 127 174 270 161 21
2003 1676 247 121 103 450 124 165 272 170 25
2004 1708 245 112 111 452 132 185 267 182 22
Retail Employed Workers - Canada 1-3 Months Tenure (000) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total Retail Employed 135 149 146 160 166 A-Automotive 22 23 23 24 24 B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 8 10 10 10 12 C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 9 10 7 8 9 D-Food And Beverage Stores 31 35 37 39 39 E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 7 7 7 9 10 F-Clothing And Accessories 19 21 18 23 25 G-General Merchandise Stores 22 22 23 26 25 H-Miscellaneous Retailers 16 19 20 20 20 L-Non-Store Retailers 2 2 0 0 2 Source: LFS Special Tabulation - Employed Workers only
Table 54 Retail Employed Workers - 1-3 Months Tenure
2002 171 25 11 10 41 10 26 25 21 2
2003 162 22 11 9 43 8 23 26 19 2
2004 164 21 13 9 43 8 26 24 18 3
Share of Employees Recently Hired - Canada (000) 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total Retail Employed 9.5% 10.3% 10.0% 10.4% A-Automotive 9.7% 10.0% 10.1% 10.4% B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 9.4% 11.4% 9.8% 9.8% C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 9.1% 10.0% 8.7% 9.0% D-Food And Beverage Stores 8.4% 9.5% 9.5% 9.4% E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 6.4% 6.8% 6.9% 7.8% F-Clothing And Accessories 13.3% 14.1% 12.3% 15.0% G-General Merchandise Stores 9.1% 9.3% 9.8% 10.4% H-Miscellaneous Retailers 11.4% 12.7% 13.1% 12.4% L-Non-Store Retailers 10.6% 9.7% 0.0% 0.0% Source: LFS Special Tabulation - Employed Workers only
Table 55 Share of Employees Recently Hired
2001 10.4% 10.3% 11.3% 9.3% 9.3% 8.4% 15.5% 9.8% 11.6% 7.0%
2002 10.4% 10.4% 9.4% 9.1% 9.7% 7.7% 14.8% 9.4% 13.2% 10.5%
2003 9.7% 8.7% 8.7% 9.2% 9.5% 6.8% 13.9% 9.6% 11.0% 8.5%
2004 9.6% 8.7% 11.4% 8.0% 9.6% 6.4% 13.8% 8.8% 10.0% 11.8%
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Retail Employed Workers - Canada (000) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total Retail Employed 1422 1444 1459 1529 1593 1640 Nfld 25 24 24 25 28 29 P.E.I. 7 7 7 8 7 7 Nova Scotia 48 50 49 52 55 56 New Brunswick 37 35 37 38 41 40 Quebec 339 337 331 362 374 396 Ontario 538 549 569 576 611 616 Manitoba 54 56 54 53 56 61 Saskatchewan 47 47 49 50 47 50 Alberta 139 152 153 163 167 168 British Columbia 188 188 187 202 206 219 Source: LFS Special Tabulation - Employed Workers only
Table 56 Retail Employed Workers by Province
2003 1676 28 8 54 39 412 627 58 53 174 224
2004 1708 30 8 55 39 422 642 60 52 182 218
Retail Employed Workers - Canada 1-3 Months Tenure (000) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Total Retail Employed 135 149 146 160 166 171 162 Nfld 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 P.E.I. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Nova Scotia 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 New Brunswick 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 Quebec 29 35 34 35 38 41 44 Ontario 50 51 56 60 62 62 56 Manitoba 5 6 5 6 7 6 6 Saskatchewan 5 6 6 5 5 6 4 Alberta 17 20 18 21 22 21 20 British Columbia 17 20 15 20 20 23 21 Source: LFS Special Tabulation - Employed Workers only
Table 57 Workers with 1-3 Month Tenure by Province
2004 164 3 1 5 4 42 61 5 5 19 20
Share of Employees Recently Hired - By Province (000) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total Retail Employed 9.5% 10.3% 10.0% 10.4% 10.4% 10.4% Nfld 12.8% 13.7% 11.3% 10.8% 11.3% 10.5% P.E.I. 10.3% 14.3% 13.6% 14.1% 11.0% 11.1% Nova Scotia 9.3% 9.9% 10.9% 10.2% 9.8% 8.7% New Brunswick 10.5% 10.5% 11.2% 10.9% 10.0% 11.3% Quebec 8.6% 10.2% 10.2% 9.7% 10.1% 10.3% Ontario 9.2% 9.3% 9.9% 10.4% 10.1% 10.0% Manitoba 9.8% 10.0% 8.9% 10.9% 11.8% 9.6% Saskatchewan 11.2% 12.2% 11.3% 10.3% 11.2% 12.1% Alberta 12.4% 12.9% 11.7% 13.1% 13.0% 12.7% British Columbia 8.8% 10.5% 8.1% 9.7% 9.6% 10.3% Source: LFS Special Tabulation - Employed Workers only
Table 58 Share of Employees Recently Hired by Province
2003 9.7% 8.7% 11.7% 8.9% 9.7% 10.7% 8.9% 9.8% 8.4% 11.4% 9.2%
2004 9.6% 8.8% 11.1% 9.6% 10.2% 9.9% 9.4% 8.9% 8.8% 10.5% 9.3%
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Full-Time Retail Employed Workers - Canada (000) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total Retail Employed 934 958 945 1005 1035 A-Automotive 187 193 184 192 196 B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 70 74 85 88 85 C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 79 81 65 71 76 D-Food And Beverage Stores 209 206 213 230 233 E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 67 65 66 76 76 F-Clothing And Accessories 83 84 86 83 92 G-General Merchandise Stores 132 139 140 151 152 H-Miscellaneous Retailers 91 96 89 98 105 L-Non-Store Retailers 16 21 16 15 21 Source: LFS Special Tabulation - Employed Workers only
Table 59 Full-time Retail Employed Workers
2002 1058 197 95 82 235 80 94 163 94 18
2003 1071 205 97 80 248 78 91 151 99 22
2004 1102 204 90 84 253 83 102 162 105 18
Employed Workers With Union Coverage- Canada (000) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total Retail Employed 216 209 215 243 248 A-Automotive 21 18 14 18 19 B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 3 5 3 4 3 C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 10 10 9 7 10 D-Food And Beverage Stores 144 139 158 174 175 E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 8 8 6 7 6 F-Clothing And Accessories 3 4 4 3 5 G-General Merchandise Stores 20 17 15 21 22 H-Miscellaneous Retailers 5 6 5 6 5 L-Non-Store Retailers 2 2 2 2 3 Source: LFS Special Tabulation - Employed Workers only
Table 60 Employed Workers with Union Coverage
2002 250 14 5 14 177 10 6 18 5 2
2003 263 20 5 10 183 10 6 20 7 2
2004 263 16 3 12 188 10 6 19 7 2
Employed Workers - Share of Union Coverage - Canada (000) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total Retail Employed 15.2% 14.5% 14.7% 15.9% 15.6% A-Automotive 9.4% 7.8% 6.3% 7.7% 8.0% B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 3.3% 5.3% 3.4% 4.1% 3.0% C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 10.4% 10.1% 10.6% 8.3% 10.7% D-Food And Beverage Stores 38.9% 38.3% 40.3% 41.6% 41.4% E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 8.2% 8.4% 5.4% 6.5% 4.9% F-Clothing And Accessories 1.9% 2.6% 2.4% 1.8% 2.9% G-General Merchandise Stores 8.4% 7.0% 6.1% 8.7% 8.6% H-Miscellaneous Retailers 3.8% 4.2% 3.5% 3.6% 3.1% L-Non-Store Retailers 8.5% 8.8% 7.9% 9.3% 12.8% Total excl. Food 6.8% 6.5% 5.3% 6.1% 6.2% Source: LFS Special Tabulation - Employed Workers only
Table 61 Share of Union Coverage
2002 15.2% 5.8% 3.8% 13.3% 41.6% 7.9% 3.2% 6.6% 3.0% 9.6% 6.0%
2003 15.7% 7.9% 4.4% 9.9% 40.8% 8.4% 3.5% 7.3% 3.9% 7.7% 6.5%
2004 15.4% 6.5% 2.9% 10.5% 41.6% 7.3% 3.5% 7.0% 4.0% 6.8% 5.9%
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Hourly Earnings of Hourly-Rated Employees 11-91N Industrial aggregate excluding 44-45 unclassified Retail businesses Ratio Trade 1991 14.01 10.70 76.4% 1992 14.44 11.08 76.7% 1993 14.70 11.20 76.2% 1994 14.89 11.46 77.0% 1995 15.05 11.74 78.0% 1996 15.45 12.10 78.3% 1997 15.58 12.13 77.9% 1998 15.77 12.16 77.1% 1999 16.04 12.18 75.9% 2000 16.49 13.06 79.2% 2001 16.78 13.20 78.7% 2002 17.09 13.46 78.8% 2003 17.20 13.90 80.8% 2004 17.79 14.66 82.4% Source: SEPH
Table 62 Hourly Earnings of Hourly-Rated Employees
Total - Detailed industry 44-45 Retail trade 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 443 Electronics and appliance stores 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 445 Food and beverage stores 446 Health and personal care stores 447 Gasoline stations 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 452 General merchandise stores 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 454 Non-store retailers
Source: 2001 Census
Labour Force Employment Characteristics All classes Paid Self-employed of worker workers Employees (incorporated) (000) Share Share Share 15577 91.6% 87.7% 3.9% 1755 94.4% 90.2% 4.2% 166 64 71 104 437 138 78 192 82 229 132 63 95.8% 92.1% 93.0% 96.2% 96.2% 96.8% 95.3% 95.3% 91.5% 98.1% 85.5% 78.5% 90.7% 84.9% 86.3% 92.0% 93.5% 92.7% 89.4% 91.0% 85.7% 96.7% 77.9% 72.7% 5.1% 7.2% 6.7% 4.2% 2.7% 4.1% 5.9% 4.3% 5.8% 1.4% 7.6% 5.8%
Self-employed (unincorporated) Share 8.1% 5.2% 3.8% 7.4% 6.7% 3.6% 3.4% 3.0% 4.3% 4.3% 7.9% 1.7% 13.5% 20.9%
Table 63 Labour Force Employment Characteristics Census
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Retail Employment by Size of Enterprise 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 (000) All sizes 1,443 1,489 1,550 1,597 1,644 0-4 Emp. 116 123 123 123 118 5-19 Emp. 289 289 286 283 297 20-49 Emp. 183 191 205 211 208 50-99 Emp. 148 149 168 179 170 100-299 Emp. 125 119 139 145 136 300-499 Emp. 35 34 29 28 28 500 + Emp. 547 583 600 628 686 0-49 Emp. 588 604 614 617 624 50-299 Emp. 273 268 307 324 306 300 + Emp. 583 617 629 656 715 Source: Statistics Canada, SEPH Size
Table 64 Retail Employment by Size of Enterprise
1-19 employees 20-99 employees 100-499 employees 500 employees or more 2.1 0.1% 2 0.2% 2,288 Source: Employee portion of Workplace and Employee Survey, June 2005
Table 65 Employees by Workplace Size 2001
Employees by Workplace Size Total Retail Retail Excl. Grocery Number Distribution Number Distribution (000) % (000) % 638.7 46.1% 598 50.4% 490.8 35.4% 395 33.3% 255.2 18.4% 192 16.1%
All WES Sectors Number Distribution (000) % 3,586 30.8% 3,520 30.2% 2,247 19.3% 19.7%
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Total - Detailed industry 44-45 Retail trade 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 443 Electronics and appliance stores 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 445 Food and beverage stores 446 Health and personal care stores 447 Gasoline stations 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 452 General merchandise stores 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 454 Non-store retailers
Source: 2001 Census
Hours Worked Persons with Less than 30 hours worked hours (part time) (000) Share 14104 18.1% 1599 31.0% 155 59 65 97 398 127 69 172 74 207 120 57 8.7% 18.8% 16.0% 19.0% 39.5% 30.9% 36.1% 37.5% 36.9% 35.2% 30.2% 34.7%
1-19 hours Share 9.7% 16.5% 5.0% 10.2% 8.5% 9.6% 20.7% 16.1% 20.4% 21.2% 21.6% 15.5% 16.6% 23.9%
20-29 hours Share 8.4% 14.5% 3.7% 8.5% 7.5% 9.3% 18.8% 14.7% 15.7% 16.2% 15.3% 19.6% 13.6% 10.8%
Average hours worked 38.7 34.7 42.9 38.5 39.6 38.8 32.3 33.3 34.5 31.8 32.6 32.5 35.4 33.1
Table 66 Distribution of Hours Worked 2001
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Labour Force Characteristics Labour Force (000) 15872 1755 166 64 71 Under 25 Share 16.3% 31.9% 15.4% 19.3% 26.3% NonImmigrant Share 79.6% 82.8% 86.9% 79.4% 77.5% Immigrated in Last 5 years Share 2.9% 2.6% 1.1% 3.0% 4.1% Visible Minority Share 12.6% 12.5% 7.3% 12.2% 18.5% University Degree Share 19.0% 8.9% 5.4% 10.1% 14.5% High School or Less Share 35.7% 47.4% 42.3% 43.8% 29.2%
2001 Total - Detailed industry 44-45 Retail trade 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 443 Electronics and appliance stores 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 445 Food and beverage stores 446 Health and personal care stores 447 Gasoline stations 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 452 General merchandise stores 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 454 Non-store retailers
Source: 2001 Census
104 437 138 78
26.7% 38.7% 27.3% 49.9%
89.8% 84.2% 81.0% 87.4%
1.0% 2.7% 2.7% 3.1%
5.5% 12.0% 15.6% 10.1%
6.6% 5.3% 21.7% 4.3%
47.5% 56.9% 35.5% 57.9%
192
41.1%
76.6%
3.3%
18.2%
8.6%
45.6%
82 229 132 63
39.9% 32.0% 25.8% 17.7%
85.3% 81.9% 80.1% 82.5%
2.0% 2.6% 2.9% 3.0%
11.0% 13.9% 13.1% 11.0%
14.0% 7.1% 10.8% 12.7%
38.0% 51.3% 43.4% 42.2%
Table 67 Labour Force Characteristics 2001
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Labour Force Occupational Characteristics All Bus., Finance, Occupations Managerial Admin (000) Share Share Total - Detailed industry 15577 10.4% 17.8% 44-45 Retail trade 1755 16.8% 10.7% 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 166 20.4% 21.0% 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 64 21.1% 15.0% 443 Electronics and appliance stores 71 22.1% 14.3% 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 104 15.2% 14.6% 445 Food and beverage stores 437 13.0% 5.4% 446 Health and personal care stores 138 10.8% 10.2% 447 Gasoline stations 78 16.4% 5.4% 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 192 21.7% 6.0% 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 82 22.4% 8.9% 452 General merchandise stores 229 11.6% 14.0% 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 132 27.9% 8.3% 454 Non-store retailers 63 12.2% 23.8%
Source: 2001 Census
Sales and Service Share 23.6% 59.1% 29.1% 41.4% 40.5% 50.4% 77.9% 43.6% 71.5% 66.1% 59.8% 66.1% 52.9% 43.8%
of which Cashiers Share 1.8% 12.1% 0.5% 1.6% 1.3% 9.2% 24.6% 14.5% 20.2% 3.1% 5.6% 15.8% 6.7% 0.5%
Table 68 Labour Force Occupational Characteristics
Education Attainment by Sector Total LF (000) Total - Detailed industry 15872.1 44-45 Retail trade 1754.9 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 166.0 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 64.4 443 Electronics and appliance stores 70.6 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 104.0 445 Food and beverage stores 437.3 446 Health and personal care stores 137.6 447 Gasoline stations 77.9 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 192.0 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 81.6 452 General merchandise stores 229.0 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 131.8 454 Non-store retailers 62.6
Source: 2001 Census
High School or Less 35.7% 47.4% 42.3% 43.8% 29.2% 47.5% 56.9% 35.5% 57.9% 45.6% 38.0% 51.3% 43.4% 42.2%
University Degree 19.0% 8.9% 5.4% 10.1% 14.5% 6.6% 5.3% 21.7% 4.3% 8.6% 14.0% 7.1% 10.8% 12.7%
Table 69 Educational Attainment by Sector
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Occupational Comparison - Retail and Manufacturing Retail Manufacturing (000) 1991 1996 2001 1991 1996 2001 Management, Financial, Technical 535 489 512 603 569 635 Sales, Trades, Processing 1,246 1,241 1,294 1,423 1,411 1,509 Other 50 51 61 58 60 65 Total 1,831 1,781 1,868 2,084 2,040 2,209 Retail Manufacturing 1991 1996 2001 1991 1996 2001 Management, Financial, Technical 29% 27% 27% 29% 28% 29% Sales, Trades, Processing 68% 70% 69% 68% 69% 68% Other 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Source: Census 2001
Table 70 Occupational Comparison - Retail and Manufacturing
Structure of Income by Sector Retail Wage Earners Full Time Employment Income PP 44-45 Retail trade 691740 32249 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 105305 40535 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 30595 32980 443 Electronics and appliance stores 35655 39370 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 49385 31178 445 Food and beverage stores 150185 29933 446 Health and personal care stores 60130 33988 447 Gasoline stations 23420 24514 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 63865 27780 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 24520 27900 452 General merchandise stores 86550 29335 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 40420 28246 454 Non-store retailers 21715 38431
Source: Census 2001 - 2000 year
Self-Employed Workers Employment Income PP 107595 34562 10825 50037 6430 34269 6495 37351 5630 36915 19145 28077 6610 60465 6240 30299 10735 33105 7145 27964 4740 36642 17015 25892 6585 31974
Table 71 Structure of Income by Sector
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Structure of Income For Retail Managers by Sector Retail Wage Earners Full Time Employment Income PP 44-45 Retail trade 130105 38723 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 15770 56512 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 5485 41338 443 Electronics and appliance stores 6430 44335 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 7715 42257 445 Food and beverage stores 26060 38422 446 Health and personal care stores 8185 37184 447 Gasoline stations 5130 31707 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 21390 30183 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 7405 32717 452 General merchandise stores 14365 37453 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 10960 32514 454 Non-store retailers 1215 48312
Source: Census 2001 - 2000 year
Self-Employed Workers Employment Income PP 61630 33902 5735 56272 3325 37033 3085 36552 3290 13040 1765 4320 6385 4785 3485 11425 990 38506 28560 49687 32197 32390 28175 37767 25624 39319
Table 72 Structure of Income for Retail Managers by Sector
Average Weekly Earnings 2001 2004 CAN 431.06 453.98 NF 416.68 456.06 PE 355.79 390.95 NS 401.62 432.39 NB 434.54 453.47 QC 400.11 423.88 ON 441.88 468.78 MB 400.08 421.39 SK 409.63 423.32 AB 448.20 468.72 BC 463.08 476.62 YK 485.38 496.46 NT 606.53 586.12 NU 504.53 520.38 Source: SEPH
Table 73 Average Weekly Earnings
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Distribution of Wage Rates - Retail Sales 2004 Full-Time Part-Time Under $5.00 0 0 $5.00 - $5.99 2.3 0 $6.00 - $6.99 18 58.9 $7.00 - $7.99 69.8 162.8 $8.00 - $9.99 156.2 163.8 $10.00 - $11.99 89.9 42.6 $12.00 - $13.99 59.1 12.6 $14.00 - $15.99 41.2 8.3 $16.00 - $17.99 29.8 4.5 $18.00 - $19.99 27.3 2.1 $20.00 - $21.99 23.4 2.4 $22.00 - $23.99 11.1 0 $24.00 - $25.99 9.3 0 $26.00 - $27.99 4.4 0 $28.00 - $29.99 3.4 0 $30.00 - $34.99 6.5 0 $35.00 - $39.99 2.1 0 $40.00 and over 0 0 Source; LFS
Table 74 Distribution of Wage Rates - Retail Sales Occupation
Incidence of Health Benefits 2001 Total Retail Retail Excl. Grocery % % Overall 52.3% 51.6% Full-time 64.2% 62.5% Part-time 23.5% 19.8% Covered by a collective bargaining agreement 63.3% 61.6% Not covered by a collective bargaining agreement 50.9% 51.1% 1-19 employees 39.2% 40.9% 20-99 employees 62.3% 61.0% 100-499 employees 65.6% 65.4% 500 employees or more 83.3% 83.3% Source: Employee portion of the Workplace and Employee Survey, June 2005
Table 75 Incidence of Health Benefits
Incidence of Health Benefits - 2001 Total Retail Retail Excl. Grocery % % Managers 73.0% 75.1% Professionals 81.5% 81.5% Technical / Trades 59.7% 57.1% Marketing / Sales 35.0% 33.2% Clerical / Administrative 51.0% 47.0%
Source: WES
Table 76 Incidence of Health Benefits by Occupation
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(000) Sub-Total Of Below A-Automotive B-Furniture, Home Furnishing & Electronics 112 13 11 C-Building And Outdoor Home Supplies Stores 111 9 9 D-Food And Beverage Stores 452 43 44 E-Pharmacies And Personal Care Stores 132 8 10 F-Clothing And Accessories 185 26 22 G-General Merchandise Stores 267 24 19 H-Miscellaneous Retailers 182 18 19 L-Non-Store Retailers 22 3 2 Source: LFS Special Tabulation - Employed Workers only
Table 77 Structure of Tenure by Sector 2004
Total Job Tenure 1708 245
Structure of Tenure By Sector 2004 1-3 4-6 7-12 13-60 Months Months Months Months 164 155 198 654 21 20 26 95
61-120 Months 239 35
121-240 Months 209 35
241 + Months 88 14
15
41
16
12
11 53 14 25 27 25 2
43 160 53 75 106 74 7
19 60 21 18 41 25 4
14 58 19 14 37 17 3
6 33 7 4 14 5 0
Employee Turnover Estimates 1999 2001 All Industries 20.3% 22.9% Retail 32.5% 30.7% Retail excl. Grocery 34.4% 32.3% Source: WES
Table 78 Employee Turnover Estimates
Overall Less than 25 25-44 45 or more 119 employees 2099 employees 100499 employees 500+ employees Source: WES
Employee Mobility Retail Employee working for Same Employer in Same Employer in 1999 and 2000 2001 and 2002 80.7% 74.7% 77.2% 51.8% 82.6% 81.9% 80.2% 80.7% 76.9% 75.0% 85.2% 76.6% 84.1% 69.6% 87.1% 100.0%
All WES Sectors Employee working for Same Employer in Same Employer in 1999 and 2000 2001 and 2002 84.3% 82.2% 66.3% 62.7% 85.1% 81.9% 88.4% 87.7% 79.7% 79.2% 82.2% 81.2% 87.5% 81.1% 92.1% 89.3%
Table 79 Employee Mobility
118
RETAIL SECTOR STUDY
20/01/06
Overall Atlantic Qubec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Source: WES
Employee Mobility Retail Employee working for Same Employer in Same Employer in 1999 and 2000 2001 and 2002 80.7% 74.7% 61.1% 77.0% 90.5% 82.5% 80.2% 76.6% 60.2% 69.4% 93.5% #N/A 72.0% 69.3% 83.3% 60.7%
Table 80 Employee Mobility by Province
All WES Sectors Employee working for Same Employer in Same Employer in 1999 and 2000 2001 and 2002 84.3% 82.2% 81.6% 85.5% 87.3% 85.2% 85.2% 84.1% 78.9% 75.6% 86.7% 74.9% 80.1% 76.2% 82.0% 77.3%
Job Satisfaction - 2001 Full WES Retail Very Very Satisfied Satisfied Satisfied Satisfied Total 55.8% 34.0% 64.7% 30.4% Managers 49.2% 44.1% 44.7% 51.7% Professionals 52.5% 38.0% 64.1% Technical / Trades 56.7% 32.5% 53.5% 27.5% Marketing / Sales 60.0% 29.2% 61.4% 28.4% Clerical / Administrative 56.1% 35.0% 69.1% 19.2% Production workers with no trade / certification 62.9% 22.1% 74.2% Source: WES
Table 81 Job Satisfaction 2001
Retail excl. Grocery Very Satisfied Satisfied 59.2% 30.8% 41.9% 54.2% 64.1% 56.5% 25.7% 61.7% 28.2% 71.8% 19.7% 74.3%
Satisfaction with Job and Pay - 2001 All WES Sectors Retail Retail Ex Grocery Job Satisfaction Very Satisfied 34.0% 30.4% 30.8% Satisfied 55.8% 58.7% 59.2% Not Satisfied 10.0% 10.4% 10.0% Pay Satisfaction Very Satisfied 18.3% 14.0% 14.5% Satisfied 57.9% 58.2% 57.3% Not Satisfied 23.5% 27.1% 28.1% Source: WES
Table 82 Job and Pay Satisfaction 2001
119
RETAIL SECTOR STUDY
20/01/06
Training Activities Retail Retail Ex Grocery 1999 2001 1999 2001 Receiving classroom training 25.5% 21.3% 27.2% 21.4% Receiving on-the-job training 30.7% 33.4% 31.6% 35.6% Receiving no training 50.4% 53.5% 48.2% 51.8% Source: WES
Table 83 Training Received by Employees
All WES 2001 33.6% 32.0% 46.5%
Training By Workplace Size and Employment Status -2001 Retail Retail Excluding Grocery Classroom On-The-Job No Training Classroom On-The-Job No Training Full-time 22.2% 33.7% 52.1% 22.2% 34.9% 51.3% Part-time 19.1% 32.7% 56.8% 19.3% 37.6% 53.4% 1-19 employees 13.5% 37.4% 54.1% 13.8% 38.9% 52.6% 20-99 employees 27.3% 30.0% 54.2% 27.7% 32.1% 53.0% 100-499 employees 28.8% 30.3% 50.8% 32.1% 32.3% 47.0% 500 employees or more 50.0% 16.7% 33.3% 50.0% 16.7% 33.3% Source: WES
Table 84 Training by Workplace Size and Employment Status
120

Structure of Retail in Canada

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Structure of Retail in Canada

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The Structure of Retail in Canada

JACOBSON CONSULTING INC.

Figures and Tables

The Retail Sector

The Retail Sector

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

JACOBSON CONSULTING INC.

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

Undetermined Empl. Size 42.9%

50-99 1.5% 100-199 0.7% 200+ 0.3%

Figure 1 Retail Establishment Counts

JACOBSON CONSULTING INC.

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

Store Counts Per 1000 Persons

Annual Retail Store Survey

Figure 2 Store Counts Per 1000 Persons

Not sales by trade group or industrial sector

JACOBSON CONSULTING INC.

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

All other goods and services 9.3%

Hardware, lawn and garden products 6.7%

Furniture, home furnishings and electronics 9.1%

Figure 3 Retail Commodity Sales 2004

Figure 4 Market Share of Major Commodity Groupings 2004

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

JACOBSON CONSULTING INC.

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

Retail Revenues, Stores and Margins

Home Furnishings Stores 1.3%

Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 3.7%

Annual Retail Trade Survey

Figure 6 Operating Revenue by Trade Group 2003

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

New Car Dealers - 19,171

$(000) per store

Figure 7 Operating Revenue Per Store by Trade Group

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

Figure 8 Sales Per Square Foot For Chains

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

Operating Revenue by Trade Group and Store Type For 2003

JACOBSON CONSULTING INC.

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

JACOBSON CONSULTING INC.

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

Profit Margin Rate by Trade Group for Canada - 2003

Chains Non Chains

Annual Retail Trade Survey

Figure 11 Profit Margin Rate by Trade Group

High Province Value

Low Province Value

Figure 12 Regional Profit Margin by Trade Group - 2003

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

2004 6,659.9 2,700.6 3,959.3

2005 6,774.9 2,792.0 3,982.9

Figure 13 Capital Investment Activity

JACOBSON CONSULTING INC.

RETAIL SECTOR STUDY

Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 4.9%

Electronics and Appliance Stores 4.8%

Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers 6.6%

Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores 7.4%

Gasoline Stations 11.5%

Source: Public and Private