Neutral earthing in low voltage

Sector Energy PTI NC

Theodor Connor

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Content

Neutral earthing principle Load flow Fault conditions

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 1

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI

Types of system earthing (Fault Protection) according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (part1)

Source

The system earthing is a essential part of protection against faults (Protection against indirect contact)

L1 L2 L3 N Exposed conductive parts of installation

Installation

Earth

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 2

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI

Types of system earthing according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (part2)

The types of system earthing are defined via the relationship of power system and of exposed conductive parts to earth. The first letter shows the relationship of power system to earth. T: Direct connection of one point to earth I: All live parts isolated from earth The second letter shows the relationship of exposed conductive parts to earth T: Direct electrical connection of exposed conductive parts of the installation to earth, independently of the earthing of any point of the power system N: Direct electrical connection of the exposed conductive parts to the earthed point of the power system. Subsequent letter if any shows the arrangement of neutral and protective conductor: S: separated protective and neutral conductor (5wire); C: Neutral and protective function combined in a single conductor (4wire)
Page 3 01.2008 Th. Connor

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

PTD SE PTI

Low voltage systems TN-S-System

IT-System
L1 L2 L3 N

Impedance1)

PE

Exposed conductive part Earthing of system

TT-System
Page 4 01.2008 Th. Connor

Definitions according IEC 60364-3

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

PTD SE PTI

Low voltage systems

Separated PE and Neutral conductor in the whole interconnected LV-system

TN-S-System

TN-C-SSystem
PE- and Neutral conductor combined in the feeding part of LV- system
For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 5

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI

Types of system earthing according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-S System)

Three phase load : Load current Source

PE
Installation

Exposed conductive parts of installation

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 6

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI

Types of system earthing according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-S System)

Single phase load : Load current Source

PE
Installation

Exposed conductive parts of installation

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 7

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI

Types of system earthing according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-S System)

Single phase short circuit : Fault current Source

PE
Installation

Exposed conductive parts of installation

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 8

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI

Types of system earthing according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-C-S System)

Single phase short circuit : Fault current Source

Exposed conductive parts of installation

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 9

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI

Types of system earthing according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TT System)

: Fault current Source

Exposed conductive parts of installation Local earth

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 10

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI

Types of system earthing according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (IT System)

: Fault current Source

Exposed conductive parts of installation Local earth

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 11

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI

Low voltage supply by TN-C

PEN L1
Socket

I L1 IN

Screen Tokenring Socket

I PEN
IL1 = phase current = neutral conductor current

Transformer

IN

IPEN = PEN conductor current

Structure of building, pipe

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 12

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI

Low voltage supply by TN-C

PEN L1
Socket On

IN

I L1

Istray
Screen

I L1
Socket

Istray

Tokenring

Istru

>0

Istray IPEN I L1
IL1 = phase current

Transformer

IN = neutral conductor current Istru = part returning via structure IStray= stray current via communication cable U = voltage drop

Structure of building, pipe

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 13

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI

Low voltage supply by TN-S

PEN L1
Socket On

IN

I L1

Screen Tokenring Socket

=0
IPEN
IL1 = phase current IN = neutral conductor current U = voltage drop

Transformer

Structure of building, pipe

For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Page 14

01.2008

Th. Connor

PTD SE PTI