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Sakis Meliopoulos Georgia Power Distinguished Professor School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia 30332
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
Conclusions
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
Why FR DR Following the 2003 blackout, numerous engineers worked for months to align and synthesize fault recorded data for the purpose of recreating the disturbance and the evolution of the blackout
FR DR: How For Disturbance Recording and playback: Recording system requirements Storage schemes (what to store data processing - model) Playback and system synthesizing
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
Recently this approach has been extended to dynamic state estimation with build in fault locating: PMU data of phasors, frequency and rate of frequency change are used to provide the dynamic state of the system in a reliable and robust way
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
System is Represented with a Set of Differential Equations (DE) The Dynamic State Estimator Fits the Streaming Data to the Dynamic Model (DE) of the System
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
~ ~ j Async Amease
is a synchronizing unknown variable
cos() and sin() are unknown variables in the state
estimation algorithm. There is one variable for each non-synchronized relay
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
z
Measurements
zm
Power System Dynamic Model x,y,z
e
-
NO
e, y e, z e Application x
(Stability Monitoring)
Dynamic State Estimation Problem is Converted to Static by Integration Least Squares Solution
e x
Pseudomeasurements
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
Test System: 3 generating substations and an infinite bus connected through overhead transmission lines Substation 1: Substation of interest where DSE is performed Simulated 3 phase fault near Substation 3 DSE uses PMU and other relay measurements in the first substation DSE algorithm estimates local and neighboring substation states
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
Simulated and Estimated Voltage Phase angle at Substation 3 (neighboring substation) for post fault condition
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
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IED Vendor D
Physical Arrangement
Relay Vendor C Attenuator
Data Processing
LAN
Current Transformer
FireWall
Potential Transformer
Instrumentation Cables
i1(t) i2(t)
Burden
PMU Vendor A
SuperCalibrator
Data Flow
Attenuator
v1(t)
v2(t)
Data/Measurements from all PMUs, Relays, IEDs, Meters, FDRs, etc are collected via a Local Area Network in a data concentrator. The data is used in a dynamic state estimator which provides the validated and high fidelity dynamic model of the system. Bad data detection and rejection is achieved because of high level of redundant measurements at this level.
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
Encoding/Decoding Cryptography
Anti-Aliasing Filters
LAN
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Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
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The USVI WAPA System Provides an Excellent Testbed for the Distributed Dynamic State Estimator
Program XfmHms - Page 1 of 1
The USVI WAPA system is a small 270 MW, Five Substations, 35 kV/13 kV System. 17 relay/PMUs. Faults create large swings of the generators as manifested by the frequency oscillations in the Feb 20, 2008 event. In addition events are more frequent in the USVI system than mainland systems.
c:\agc-projects\virginislands_ii\viwapa_events\february20_2008\d-303 disturb - Feb 20, 2008, 12:18:11.980001 - 200 27.67 k 16.53 k VA (V) VB (V) VC (V)
5.399 k
-5.735 k
-16.87 k
574.8
-677.0
-1.929 k
60.21
58.41
56.61
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
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Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
Substation Model
MODEL 123 DEV_TITLE Feeder #11, Long Bay to East End Substation - Section 1 NUMERIC_ID 246 COORDINATES -145 7 -145 10 -141 13 -132 13 -126 10 -120 6 -114 4 -109 3 COORDINATES -107 1 -105 -2 CIRCUITS 1 INTERFACES 3-0B0D_N 3-0B0D_A 3-0B0D_N 3-0B0D_B 3-0B0D_N 3-0B0D_C 3-0B0D_N UG350_N INTERFACES UG350_A UG350_N UG350_B UG350_N UG350_C UG350_N PARAMETERS 5 7 14.40 3868.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CABLE PARAMETERS VI34KV750KCM-CU-TS -0.10802 -3.09671 CKT1 CABLE VI34KV750KCM-CU-TS 0.00119 -2.92351 PARAMETERS CKT1 CABLE VI34KV750KCM-CU-TS 0.11108 -3.09234 CKT1 CABLE CONDUIT8 PARAMETERS -0.00656 -2.93099 CKT1 COPPER 4/0 0.00667 -3.18108 CKT1 PARAMETERS 1 CKT1 5499.0 25.0000 34.5000 END_MODEL MODEL 123
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
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MODEL_CHANGE TIME 1267771497 450123 TYPE XFMR_TAP DEVICE_ID 1265 VALUE R12 END_MODEL_CHANGE MODEL_CHANGE TIME 1267771791 609355 TYPE BREAKER_OPERATION DEVICE_ID 3409 VALUE CLOSE END_MODEL_CHANGE . . . . . . . . .
File Format Each line begins with a keyword optionally followed by one or more arguments.
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Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
Triggered Event Files: Waveform data recorded for each triggering event in COMTRADE format.
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
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Where:
SOC: is the Second of Century Time Code defined as the number of seconds elapsed since midnight of January 1, 1970 (in UTC time)
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
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Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
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Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
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The SuperCalibrator at each substation stores the streaming data with (a) time tags, (b) network status, and (c) substation real time model at the time. This data can be played back for any user specified past time interval. Various visualizations allow the user to observe specific performance parameters of the system. Examples are: (a) voltage profile evolution, (b) transient swings of the system, (c) electric current flow, etc.
Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010
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Conclusions
The Dynamic State Estimator fits PMU data to the Dynamic Model of the System: Enables a powerful method to study system dynamics and predict performance. Fault Location Estimation has been integrated into the Dynamic State Estimator. Substation storage scheme (historian) that enables automated Disturbance Play Back. The implemented historian of (full model) + (model changes) + (data) has been presented. Comments and suggestions are welcome.
Need for standards for disturbance+model storage and playback that include coincident system models.
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Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference Atlanta, Georgia, May 3-4, 2010