DNA and Genetics Review Game Questions

What do we call an organisms physical appearance? ( phenotype) 2. Which kind of trait will be covered up if the dominant allele is present? (recessive) 3. What symbol do we use to represent a recessive allele? ( lower case) 4. What are the sex chromosomes of a female? (XX) 5. What term describes the change in the DNA of an organism? ( mutation) 6. Which term describes different forms of a gene? ( allele) 7. An organism that has a dominant and a recessive allele is called what? (heterozygous) 8. What is the complementary strand to the DNA sequence GAG? (CTC) 9. What makes up a nucleotide? ( base, sugar and phosphate)

1 Point

10. What process is it where DNA makes a copy of itself? ( replication) 11. Why do we have two alleles for a gene/trait? ( one from each parent) 12. An organisms genotype is two lowercase ts. What is another name for this genotype? (homozygous recessive) 13. In a Punnett square, what do the letters INSIDE of the boxes represent? (the offspring) 14. This type of reproduction makes two exact copies of the original cell. (mitosis) 15. How many sex chromosomes do humans have? (46) 16. Genetics is the study of what? (Heredity) 17. Tall is dominant over short. What would be the phenotype of an individual who is heterozygous? (Tall) 18. Which type of chromosomes determines our gender? ( sex chromosomes) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 19. Which term describes a person who does not show a trait but can pass it on to the next generation? ( carrier- heterozygous) 20. What would be the genotype of a person who has a recessive disorder that is NOT X-linked? (homozygous recessive) 21. Why are males more likely to get an X-linked recessive disorder? (They only have one x chromosome) 22. If an organism always produces offspring with the same traits as the parent, what term could we use to describe it? (purebred)

2 Points

23. What causes a genetic disorder to occur initially? (mutation) 24. You cross a homozygous dominant plant with a heterozygous plant. What percentage of the offspring will be heterozygous? (2/4) 25. How many chromosomes are in a human sperm cell? (23) 26. How many bases to one amino acid? Give an example. ( 3 bases- ATC) 27. Name the process that produces sex cells. (meiosis) 28. Name the process that produces body cells. (mitosis) 29. How do we describe the genotype of a plant that is a purebred? (homozygous) 30. What did Mendel cross in his first experiment? What was the result? (purebred dominant with purebred recessive) 31. Give the genotype of a male with colorblindness. Use whatever letter you want for the allele. (XaY)

32. You cross two plants that are heterozygous for height. What percentage of the offspring will be tall? (3/4) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33. Mom is red/green colorblind. What percentage of her sons will be 3 Points red/green colorblind as well? (100%) 34. A red/green colorblind man marries a female carrier. What percentage of their daughters will be colorblind as well. (1/2- 50%) 35. Give three differences between mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis- offspring is identical, same number of chromosomes, divides once, 2 resulting daughter cells, make body cells Meiosis- offspring are unique, the number of chromosomes, divides 2 times, 4 resulting cells, make sex cells

 36. Give two similarities between mitosis and meiosis. Both make more cells/ reproduce, both copy DNA before dividing) 37. Name two X-linked disorders: (hemophilia, red/ green colorblindness) 38. List three genetic disorders: ( cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, etc.) 39. What is the difference between sex cells and sex chromosomes? ( sex cells like sperm and eggs have 23 chromosomes. Sex chromosomes are the 2 chromosomes out of 46 that determine gender- XX and XY) 40. State what each scientist did: Rosalind Franklin- Viewed DNA using x ray defraction. She was able to see the shape of the spiral first. Erwin Chargaff- determined that the amount of cytosine is equal to the amount of guanine, also the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine. Francis Crick- worked with Watson to build the shape of DNAspiral staircase. Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. James Watson- worked with Crick to build the shape of DNA- spiral staircase. Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. 41. Give two genotypes that would have the same phenotype. Ex: GG and Gg

Group # __ Names: __________________________________ Genetics Review Game Questions

1. What do we call an organisms physical appearance?

2. Which kind of trait will be covered up if the dominant allele is present?

3. What symbol do we use to represent a recessive allele?

4. What are the sex chromosomes of a female?

5. What term describes the change in the DNA of an organism?

6. Which term describes different forms of a gene?

1 Point

7. An organism that has a dominant and a recessive allele is called what?

8. What is the complementary strand to the DNA sequence GAG?

9. What makes up a nucleotide?

10. What process is it where DNA makes a copy of itself?

11. Why do we have two alleles for a gene/trait?

12. An organisms genotype is two lowercase ts. What is another name for this genotype?

13. In a Punnett square, what do the letters INSIDE of the boxes represent?

1 point

14. This type of reproduction makes two exact copies of the original cell.

15. How many sex chromosomes do humans have?

16. Genetics is the study of what?

17. Tall is dominant over short. What would be the phenotype of an individual who is heterozygous?

18. Which type of chromosomes determines our gender? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19. Which term describes a person who does not show a trait but can pass it on to the next generation?

2 Points
20. What would be the genotype of a person who has a recessive disorder that is NOT X-linked?

 21. Why are males more likely to get an X-linked recessive disorder? 22. If an organism always produces offspring with the same traits as the parent, what term could we use to describe it?

23. What causes a genetic disorder to occur initially?

24. You cross a homozygous dominant plant with a heterozygous plant. What percentage of the offspring will be heterozygous?

25. How many chromosomes are in a human sperm cell?

2 points 26. How many bases to one amino acid? Give an example.

27. Name the process that produces sex cells.

28. Name the process that produces body cells.

29. How do we describe the genotype of a plant that is a purebred?

30. What did Mendel cross in his first experiment? What was the result?

31. Give the genotype of a male with colorblindness. Use whatever letter you want for the allele.

32. You cross two plants that are heterozygous for height. What percentage of the offspring will be tall?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33. Mom is red/green colorblind. What percentage of her sons will be red/green colorblind as well?

34. A red/green colorblind man marries a female carrier. What percentage of their daughters will be colorblind as well?

35. Give three differences between mitosis and meiosis.

3 Points

36. Give two similarities between mitosis and meiosis.

37. Name two X-linked disorders:

38. List three genetic disorders:

39. What is the difference between sex cells and sex chromosomes?

3 Points

40. State what each scientist did: Rosalind Franklin

Erwin Chargaff

Francis Crick

James Watson

41. Give two genotypes that would have the same phenotype.