What is Diabetes mellitus? DM or Sugar problem is a chronic disease characterised by very high blood sugar.

. Caused by inherited and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin receptors. Type I lack of production of Insulin; children and adolescents Type II inability to respond properly to the action of Insulin; adults, 90% The Pancreas: Anatomy and Functions

PANCREAS The pancreas is a small structure located near the stomach and attached to the wall of the small intestine. It produces hormones (insulin, glucagon & somatostatin) to aid in the maintenance of a proper blood sugar (glucose) level. The hormones are secreted into the bloodstream.

 It also produces important enzymes to aid in the digestion of protein and fats (lipids). These enzymes travel from the pancreas to the small intestine through a small tube called the 'pancreatic duct.'

CAUSAL FACTORS Genetic/ Family history Race Stress Over-eating&obesity Physical Inactivity

 Gestational Diabetes Drugs Infection Other illnesses Surgery Autoimmune Symptoms of Diabetes SOME or NONE of the following Frequent Urination Excessive thirst Unexplained weight loss Extreme hunger Sudden visual changes Tingling or numbness in hands or feet Feeling very tired most of the time Wounds that are slow to heal DIAGNOSIS Urine strip test Blood sugar test Glycosylated Haemoglobin: HbA1C What is the Treatment? Type I Strict carefully calculated diet Planned physical activity Insulin injections Home blood glucose testing Type II Diet control Exercise Oral medication and or insulin Home blood glucose testing Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar.

 What causes hypoglycemia? Taking too much insulin, Missing or delaying a meal, Exercising too much, Taking other medications. signs and symptoms dizziness, confusion, sweating, shaky tremors, headache or even fainting. Management of Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycaemia) Tell your family, friends, colleagues at work about signs/symptoms and how to treat low blood sugar. Carry medical card or tag Eat or drink something that has sugar in it. Juice, sugar candy, milk etc. If unconscious dont give anything by mouth-transfer to nearest clinic Complications High blood pressure. Heart disease; 50% Strokes. Nerve problems or Neuropathy; 50% Blindness; 2% Kidney failure Impotence Diabetic foot disease-amputation/ulcers X40 Consume 10% of Nations Health Budget How do we prevent? Healthy and Balanced diet Regular physical activities/exercise Maintain Normal body weight Early detection