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Course C-2023

Beam Bearing Plates and Column Base Plates


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Beam-bearing Plates and Column Base Plates by ASD/LRFD Steel Construction Manual 13th Edition Column Base Plates When a steel column is supported by a footing, it is necessary for the column load to be spread over a sufficient area of the footing. We do this by a steel base plate. The base plate can be welded or by some type of welded or bolted lug angles. OSHA requires that you use no less than four anchor bolts for each column base plate. The lengths and widths of column base plates are usually selected in even inches, like 8 X 10. The thickness is in 1/8 increments up to 1.25 inches and 1 /4 inch increments thereafter. The design bearing strength, cPp, and the allowable bearing strength, Pp/c for column bases and bearing on concrete are found in J8 of the specification.

Note:

Geometry:

As you can see: B = 2n + 0.8bf and N = 2m + 0.95d Remember, B and N are usually in even inches. Also m and n should be about equal. Base plates should usually be designed with ASTM A36 material. For most wide-flange columns subject to axial compression only, a 5/16 inch fillet weld on one side of each flange will provide adequate strength.

AISC, Design Guide 1, 2nd edition mentions design procedures for three general cases of base plates subjected to axial compressive loads.

Example 1 Design a base plate for a W12 X 152 column (Fy=50 ksi) that supports a dead load of 220 kips and a live of 440 kips. Use and A36 plate (Fy=36 ksi) to cover the entire area of the 3 ksi concrete pedestal. This would be Case I: A2=A1

We see that d=13.7 inches and bf=12.5 inches

LRFD Pu= 1.2D + 1.6L = (1.2 X 220 kips)+(1.6 X 440 kips) = 968 kips ASD Pa= D + L = 220 kips + 440 kips = 660 kips LRFD

ASD

Determine B and N

LRFD

ASD

B and N turned out to be the same by LRFD and ASD.

LRFD determine thickness Pp= (0.6)(0.85)(3 ksi)(24 in X 28 in) = 1028 kips > Pu= 968 kips so its OK

l=maximum of m, n,

=7.493 in

Now we have come up with a plate that is 21/4 X 24 X 2-4 that is on top of a concrete pedestal of the same size, 24 X 2-4.

ASD determine thickness

Since B and N are the same (24 x 28) and m and n are the same (7.4925 in and 7.00 in). Therefore l will be the same (7.493 inches).

So, in this case it made no difference which you use, LRFD or ASD. Again, you dont have to use both methods of design. I am only doing this for illustration of how it is done by both methods. It would be a good idea to check LRFD by using ASD. You should come up with the same or close to the same answers. Now let us look at Case II where . This is the case where the concrete pedestal is much larger than the base plate. This will yield the smallest base plate of all three cases. When A2=A1, you get the largest base plate for all three cases. Example 2 Design a base plate of A36 steel (Fy=36 ksi) for a W12 X 65 column (Fy=50 ksi) that supports a dead load of 150 kips and a live load of 300 kips. The concrete has a compressive strength fc=3 ksi and the pedestal or footing is 9 ft X 9 ft.

As you can see, d=12.1 in and bf=12.0 in LRFD Pu = 1.2(D)+1.6(L) = (1.2 X 150 kips)+(1.6 X 300 kips) = 660 kips ASD Pa = D+L = 150 kips + 300 kips = 450 kips Since Determine required area, B and N LRFD

Since d is about equal to bf than B and N should be about equal.

Now we have a square base plate that is 16 inches by 1 foot 4 inches.

ASD

Again, since d and bf are about equal than B and N should be equal.

Again B and N are equal for LRFD and ASD. Now we check to see if A2>4A1. A2= (12 in/ft X 9 ft)2= 11,664 in2 4A1= (4)(16 in)2= 1,024 in2 A2 is much greater than 4A1.

LRFD Pp=0.85fcA1(2)=(0.6)(0.85)(3 ksi)(256 in2)(2)=783 kips>Pu=660 kips so OK

Round up to the nearest 1/4", use 11/2 Now we have come up with a plate, 11/2 X 16 X 1-4 on top of a concrete pedestal or footing that is 9 ft X 9 ft.

ASD B and N are the same (16 X 16) so m and n are the same (2.25 in and 3.20 in). Since should be 1.0 than will be the same (3.01 inches).

We came up with the same plate 11/2 X 16 X 1-4 on top of a concrete pedestal or footing that is 9 ft X 9 ft. So in this example, it didnt matter if you use LRFD or ASD, you come up with the same size plate. Now, let us look at Case III where A1<A2<4A1. Example 3 Design a base plate for a W12 X 152 column (Fy=50 ksi) that supports a dead load of 220 kips and a live load of 440 kips. The plate material is A36 steel (Fy=36 ksi). It will sit on a concrete pedestal whose compressive strength (fc) is 3 ksi and is 3 inches wider on each side of the base plate.

As you can see, d=13.7 in and bf=12.5 in. LRFD Pu = 1.2D+1.6L = (1.2 X 220 kips) + (1.6 X 440 kips) = 968 kips

ASD Pa = D+L = 220 kips + 440 kips = 660 kips Try A1= BN = (22 in X 26 in) = 572 in2 Since A2 is 3 inches larger on each side of the base plate, than A2 = (28 in X 32 in) = 896 in2

LRFD

Now A1 = BN = (22 in X 24 in) = 528 in2 Than A2 = (28 in X 30 in) = 840 in2

Now we have come up with a plate 21/4 X 22 X 2-0 on a concrete pedestal that is 28 X 30. ASD If B and N are the same (22 in X 24 in) = 528 in2 Than A2= (28 in X 30 in) = 840 in2

Since B an N are the same than m, n, n are the same and the maximum is 6.00 in.

Use 2

1/ 4

inch

Again we came up with the same plate (2 1/4 in X 22 in X 24 in) by LRFD and ASD and the same pedestal (28 in X 30 in). If Pp was not greater than Pu than you would need to increase the size if A1 and if Pp/ was not greater than Pa than you increase A1. Beam Bearing Plates Now we will look at beam bearing plates. These are plates placed on top of concrete or masonry walls and between the wall and the steel beam.

N+2.5k

The dimension B=2k+2n. The dimension k is in the steel shapes table. Use the kdes value in the table. Beam bearing plates are mentioned in section 14 of the Steel Construction Manual. It is very rare the no bearing plate will be required. In that case, B=bf. The length of bearing, N, may be determined by the available wall thickness, clearance requirements or by the minimum required based on local web yielding or web crippling. N, cannot be greater than the wall thickness. N, should be greater than or equal to 4 inches. The dimensions B and N should be rounded up to the nearest inch. The thickness, t, should be in increments of 1/8 inch up to 1.25 inches and increments of inch thereafter. Now, n = (B/2)-k LRFD Rn>=Ru ASD Rn/>=Ra

There are three limit states that we need to check. They are all in section J of the specification. In section J8, we use the same equations for base plates to determine the bearing strength on concrete.

Now we use equation J8-1 when N is the same as the wall thickness and we use equation J8-2 when N is less than the wall thickness.

LRFD

ASD

The next two limit states are found in section J10 of the specification. They are web local yielding and web crippling but use only the part that applies to the reactions on a beam. If we have a concentrated load on top of a beam like another beam, we would use the other part for a bearing plate between the two beams.

We would use only equation J10-3 for a beam bearing plates on concrete.

Do determine the required thickness, use the following equations: LRFD

ASD

For a beam bearing plate, use only equations J10-5a or J10-5b.

Example 4 Design a beam bearing plate for a W18 X 71 beam (Fy=36 ksi) that sit on a reinforced concrete wall (fc=3 ksi) that is 8 inches thick. The bearing plate material is A36 (Fy=36 ksi). The end reaction are dead load of 30 kips and the live load is 50 kips.

As you can see, d=18.5 in, bf=7.64 in, tw=0.495 in, tf=0.810 in and kdes=1.21 in LRFD Ru= 1.2D+1.6L = (1.2 X 30 kips)+(1.6 X 50 kips) = 116 kips

Check B= 10 > bf= 7.64 so this is OK A1= BN = 10 X 8 = 80 in2 Web local yielding Rn = (2.5k+N)Fywtw = ((2.5 x 1.21)+8)(36 ksi)(0.495) = 196 kips Rn = 1.00(196 kips) = 196 kips>Ru = 116 kips so this is OK

Web crippling N/d = 8/18.5 = 0.432 > 0.2 so use equation J10-5b

Rn=0.75(222 kips)=166 kips > Ru= 116 kips so this is OK

Use a beam bearing plate of 11/4 in x 8 in x 10 in ASD Ra= D+L = 30 kips+50 kips = 80 kips

N=8 inches

A1= BN = 10 x 8 = 80 in2 Web local yielding Rn= (2.5k+N)Fywtw= ((2.5 x 1.21 in)+8 in)(36 ksi)(0.495 in) = 196 kips Rn/ = 196 kips/1.50 = 131 kips > Ra = 80 kips so it is OK

Web crippling N/d = 8/18.5 = 0.432 > 0.2 so use equation J10-5b

Rn/ = 222 kips/2.00 = 111 kips > Ra= 80 kips so this is OK

So we came up with the same size plate, 1 1/4 in x 8 in x 10 in. Again it didnt matter if you use LRFD or ASD; you come up with the same size plate. You dont have to use both methods but it is a good check. This problem can be done in Excel. I dont see how Engineers get by without Excel.

BEAM BEARING PLATE DESIGN INPUT LRFD Ru= required A1= B= A1= Web Local Yielding Rn= Rn= Web Crippling N/d= Concrete Wall= fc'= Loads Dead= Live= Example 5 A W21 x 62 beam (Fy=50 ksi) is resting on a concrete wall, fc=3 ksi. The dead load is 26 kips and the live load is 43 kips. Do we even need a bearing plate? 8.0 3.0 in ksi Rn= Rn= n= Thickness t= Plate 0.432 > 0.2 196.5 kips 196.5 kips Ru= 116 kips OK 116 kips 75.8 in 9.48 in 80 in

Beam= d= bf= tw= tf= k= f y=

W18 x 71 18.5 7.64 0.495 0.810 1.21 36

in in in in in ksi

Round

10 in

221.7 kips 166.3 kips 3.79 in 1.13 in 1 1/4" x 8" x 10" Ru= 116 kips OK

30 kips 50 kips

As you can see from the shapes table, d=21 in, bf=8.24 in, tw=0.400 in, tf=0.615 in and kdes=1.12 in

LRFD Ru= 1.2D+1.6L = (1.2 x 26 kips)+(1.6 x 43 kips) = 100 kips Now if N=thickness of the wall, which is unknown and B = bf= 8.24 in than we need to determine the thickness of the wall. The thickness of the bearing plate t = tf= 0.615 inches.

Now, as long as the wall is 13 inches thick, we dont need a bearing plate. ASD Ra= D+L = 26 kips + 43 kips = 69 kips Again n=3.00 in

Based on ASD, the wall would need to be 14 inches thick to not use a bearing plate.

Example 6 A W24 x 68 beam (Fy=50 ksi) is resting on a 8 inch concrete wall, fc=3 ksi. N will equal the thickness of the wall. The bearing plate material is A36 steel, Fy=36 ksi. The dead load is 30 kips and the live load is 60 kips. Size the bearing plate.

As you can see from the shapes table, d=23.7 in, bf=8.97 in, tw=0.415 in, tf=0.585 in and kdes=1.09 in. This can be done in Excel. BEAM BEARING PLATE DESIGN INPUT LRFD Ru= required A1= B= A1= Web Local Yielding Rn= Rn= Web Crippling N/d= Concrete Wall= fc'= Loads Dead= Live= 8.0 3.0 in ksi Rn= Rn= n= Thickness t= Plate 0.338 > 0.2 222.5 kips 222.5 kips Ru= 132 kips OK 132 kips 86.3 in 10.78 in 88 in

Beam= d= bf= tw= tf= k= f y=

W24 x 68 23.7 8.97 0.415 0.585 1.09 50

in in in in in ksi

Round

11 in

236.4 kips 177.3 kips 4.41 in 1.34 in 1 1/2" x 8" x 11" Ru= 132 kips OK

30 kips 60 kips

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